Distributed safety power utilization system

Abstract

The invention discloses a distributed safety power utilization system, which comprises at least one safety module or a plurality of safety modules in hierarchical cascade connection, the safety module comprises a micro-control unit, a plurality of sensor units and a plurality of switch units, and the sensor units and the switch units are electrically connected with the micro-control unit at the same level. Through integration of current, voltage, power and temperature sensors and a microcomputer control technology, all-directional safety monitoring and intelligent management of daily electric appliances are realized. The system not only improves the safety of daily electricity utilization, but also provides a new technical path for the future development of smart home equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electric power, and particularly to a distributed safe power consumption system. Background Art

[0002] Whether it is at home, in the office, or in factories and enterprises, power consumption safety has always been a topic of long-term concern for people. Especially with the increase in the types and quantities of electrical appliances, the problem of power consumption safety has become increasingly prominent.

[0003] Traditional circuit systems usually can only protect equipment through circuit breakers or fuses, and it is difficult to achieve real-time monitoring and precise control of electrical appliances. Once situations such as equipment overload, overheating, and leakage occur, conventional protection measures are often lagging or do not have the function of precise power-off, resulting in potential hazards such as fires, or because of shared circuit breakers, equipment that should not be powered off will also be powered off. In addition, users often forget to turn off the power of electrical appliances, which may also cause safety problems.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a control system that can perform real-time monitoring, intelligent management, and safe power-off of electrical appliances to ensure the safety and reliability of household power consumption. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects existing in the prior art and provide a distributed safe power consumption system, which can monitor and manage the power-consuming equipment in each room / partition in real time, ensure electrical safety, and at the same time realize remote monitoring and control.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention designs a distributed safe power consumption system. The power consumption system includes at least one safety module or several safety modules in hierarchical cascade. The safety module includes a micro-control unit, several sensor units, and several switch units. The sensor units and the switch units are both electrically connected to the local micro-control unit; the switch unit is power supply-connected to the terminal load or user equipment to supply power to the load or user equipment, and its on / off is controlled by the local micro-control unit. The switch unit is power supply-connected to the corresponding switch unit of the upper-level safety module. It can be that one upper-level switch unit corresponds to multiple switch units of multiple adjacent lower-level safety modules, or several upper-level switch units respectively control the switch units of different groups of lower-level modules; the micro-control unit collects the detection information of the local sensor unit, controls the on / off of the local switch unit, receives the user query information (for monitoring information) and / or switch instructions sent by an external computer or other intelligent devices or the micro-control unit of the upper-level safety module, and returns relevant information, and receives and forwards the user query information and / or switch instructions of the micro-control unit of the lower-level safety module; The sensor unit includes at least one of a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, and a power sensor.

[0007] The switch unit includes a relay and / or a circuit breaker, and is provided with a device for externally controlling the on / off state. The breaking threshold set by the micro-control unit for the corresponding switch unit is generally less than the current threshold at which the switch unit automatically breaks by itself. That is, there is a final safety measure when the microcontroller malfunctions. The first-level safety module includes a main switch unit for entering the household and several sub-switch units. The power supply of the sub-switch units is controlled by the main switch unit for entering the household. At the same time, the power supply is connected to the switch unit of the lower-level safety module, or the load or user equipment at this level. Only one switch unit is connected to the upper level to supply power to one sub-switch unit, one load, or one set of user equipment. The power supply interconnection method of the switch units includes any combination connection methods such as hierarchical, modular, cross-layer, and cross-module.

[0008] Furthermore, the cascaded safety modules collect the monitoring information of the lower-level safety modules through the micro-control unit at this level, and regularly send the monitoring information of this level and the subordinate safety modules to the micro-control unit of the upper-level safety module. The monitoring information is attached with the identification of the safety module and the corresponding switch unit. That is, it is easy for users to identify or obtain the electricity consumption information of the load or the lower-level switch unit under each independent switch unit.

[0009] Furthermore, the power consumption system also includes an intelligent terminal (such as a mobile phone) monitoring unit. The intelligent terminal monitoring unit is electrically connected to the micro-control unit. At least one intelligent terminal monitoring unit is set within the first-level safety module to automatically monitor the distance between the intelligent terminal and the electrical equipment. After the distance exceeds the set threshold, it automatically detects whether the electrical equipment that should be turned off has been turned off. If not, it sends a reminder message to the user.

[0010] Furthermore, the on / off control method of the switch unit includes a general threshold control method or a comprehensive threshold control method, both of which belong to the transient analysis and judgment method. The general threshold control method is the traditional control method of cutting off the power supply when the current exceeds the set threshold. The comprehensive threshold control method judges whether it is necessary to alarm and prompt manual intervention for inspection or directly cut off the power supply (which can be accompanied by an alarm) through the joint analysis of several related factors such as the change amount and change trend of current, voltage, and temperature. The comprehensive threshold control method includes at least one of the current-voltage comprehensive threshold control method, the current-temperature comprehensive threshold control method, the current gradient threshold control method, and the temperature gradient threshold control method.

[0011] Furthermore, the current-voltage comprehensive threshold control method includes: Denote the first current threshold I 1max (equivalent to the self-excitation oscillation threshold), the second current threshold I 2max (equivalent to the alarm threshold, reminding the user to check and handle), the third current threshold I 3max(equivalent to the automatic local power-off threshold), where the current refers to the effective current; the current threshold I for the automatic hardware open circuit of the switch unit 0max (this value is a fixed value of the electrical switch and is related to the hardware characteristics of the device), then I 1max < I 2max < I 3max < I 0max ; The first pulse voltage threshold V 1max (equivalent to the self-excitation oscillation threshold); When the measured voltage V >= V 1max , and the measured current I >= I 1max at this time, the system alarms; meeting the aforementioned conditions indicates that there may be self-excitation oscillation in this circuit loop. Alarm first, check or cut off the power for inspection. If the pulsation source is in other loops, the current in this circuit loop will not be abnormal; if there is no voltage detection, directly proceed to the following current judgment; When the measured current I >= I 2max at this time, the system alarms; When the measured current I >= I 3max at this time, the system automatically cuts off the power supply or cuts off the power supply and alarms simultaneously.

[0012] Furthermore, the current-temperature comprehensive threshold control method includes: Record the first temperature threshold T 1max , the second temperature threshold T 2max , the third temperature threshold T 3max , T 1max < T 2max < T 3max ; When the measured temperature T >= T 1max , and the measured current I >= I 1max at this time, the system alarms; that is, the current change causes the device temperature to rise significantly, and the system makes an alarm. When the measured temperature T >= T 1max , and the measured current I >= I 2max at this time, or when the measured temperature T >= T 2max , and the measured current I >= I 1max at this time, the system alarms and automatically cuts off the power supply; When the measured temperature T >= T 3max at this time, the system alarms and automatically cuts off the power supply.

[0013] Furthermore, the current gradient threshold control method includes: Record the first current gradient threshold G I1max ; When the measured current I >= I 1max , and the measured current gradient (the rising amount per unit time) G I>G I1max When the system alarms; When the measured current I >= I 2max , and the measured current gradient G I >G I1max When, the system alarms and automatically cuts off the power supply.

[0014] Further, the temperature gradient threshold control method includes: Record the first temperature gradient threshold G I1max ; When the measured current T >= T 1max , and the measured temperature gradient (the amount of increase per unit time) G T >G I1max When, the system alarms; When the measured current T >= T 2max , and the measured temperature gradient G T >G I1max When, the system alarms and automatically cuts off the power supply.

[0015] Further, the micro control unit (generally the micro control unit of the first-level security module, so that the power consumption analysis of the equipment can be centralized) is also provided with a power consumption performance analysis module for the electrical equipment, and the method for analyzing the power consumption performance includes the analysis of the long-term change trend of the current and / or temperature of the electrical equipment under the normal working state; the long-term change trend analysis method includes any one or a combination of the current continuous window comparison method, the temperature continuous window comparison method, the current initial state comparison method, and the temperature initial state comparison method for joint judgment; The current continuous window comparison method includes: statistically averaging the current within the window duration, and analyzing the change trend of the average current of multiple consecutive windows. The multiple consecutive windows include non-overlapping windows in time and / or partially overlapping windows in time. The data of the equipment not working or the connection state or working mode being artificially changed are not involved in the analysis; the window duration is not less than 1 hour, and the number of sampling points within the window duration is not less than 10; Record the sampling window duration t c under the normal working state, and the measured average current of the consecutive windows are I1, I2,..., I p , that is, the current consecutive window number is p; If I1, I2,..., I p shows an obvious upward or downward trend (note that it is not an up-and-down fluctuation. Here, an obvious continuous decrease in the current is also an abnormal phenomenon. Without other reasons, it indicates that the load impedance is changing significantly), and the relative change amount exceeds the first change threshold a1, that is, |I p -I1| / I1 >= a1, then an alarm signal is issued; where p >= 5, that is, there must be a sufficient number of consecutive windows to judge the change trend to be meaningful; The specific method of the temperature continuous window comparison method is the same as that of the current continuous window comparison method, only need to replace the current with temperature.

[0016] Further, the current initial state comparison method includes: recording the average current I of the initial normal working state of the electrical equipment mean ; If the relative change amount between the current window average current I p and I mean exceeds the second change threshold a2, that is, |I p -I mean | / I mean >= a2, a2 > a1, then an alarm signal is issued; The specific method of the temperature initial state comparison method is the same as that of the current initial state comparison method, only need to replace the current with temperature.

[0017] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention designs a safe power consumption system based on distributed control nodes for the safe power management needs of ordinary households, apartment buildings, offices, factories, etc. (except for those with special intelligent safety designs for general special needs), especially for the power management of multiple rooms in a household. By setting independent control nodes in each room or independent partitions of the factory, at least one level of total control node is set to monitor and manage the electrical equipment in each room / partition in real time, ensuring electrical safety and realizing remote monitoring and control at the same time. The system uses several of current sensors, temperature sensors, voltage sensors and power sensors for data acquisition, and cooperates with a micro control unit and a relay for intelligent control. The system not only improves the safety of daily power consumption, but also provides a new technical path and idea for the future development of smart home devices. Specifically manifested as: 1. Distributed control: The system adopts a distributed architecture, and each room has an independent control node to ensure independent management of power consumption in different areas, improving safety and flexibility.

[0018] 2. Intelligent monitoring: Through the combination of sensors and a microcomputer control unit, the system can monitor the power consumption of each room in the home in real time and automatically make a safety response to prevent electrical accidents.

[0019] 3. Remote control: Users can view the power consumption status of each room in the home at any time through devices such as mobile phones and tablets, and perform remote operations to ensure the safe use of electrical appliances even when the user is not at home.

[0020] 4. Scalability: The system can be flexibly expanded according to the size of the house and the power consumption situation, supports adding multiple control nodes, and is suitable for various residential environments.

[0021] 5. Analysis of Electrical Equipment Performance: It can timely obtain the long-term changes in equipment performance, predict the risks of possible qualitative changes, and thus take early treatment or prevention measures. The safety performance of the power consumption system can be greatly improved, and the probability of sudden power consumption situations of the equipment will be greatly reduced. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0022] Figure 1 It is a block diagram of the distributed safe power consumption system of the present invention.

[0023] In the figure: Connecting Lines: The thick solid line represents the electrical power supply connection between switch units; the thin solid line represents the electrical connection between units within a module and the electrical connection between modules. Numbers: m represents the total number of safety modules in the system, i, j, and k respectively represent the total number of sensor units of different modules, a, b, and c respectively represent the total number of switch units of different modules. In the double-natural number identifier, the first natural number is the module number, and the second natural number is the number of the same type of unit in this module. Specific Embodiments

[0024] The following combines the drawings and embodiments to further describe the specific embodiments of the present invention. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Embodiment 1: As Figure 1As shown in the figure, a distributed safe power consumption system, the power consumption system includes at least one safety module or a number of safety modules connected in a hierarchical cascade. The safety module includes a micro-control unit, a number of sensor units and a number of switch units. The sensor units and the switch units are both electrically connected to the local micro-control unit; the switch unit is connected to the terminal load or user equipment for power supply, and supplies power to the load or user equipment (since the sensor, microcontroller, electrical control part of the switch unit, etc. are generally powered by low voltage, although it may be converted from high voltage power supply, to avoid ambiguity, without special restrictions or instructions, the "power supply" in the present invention generally refers to high voltage power supply, and mainly refers to power supply for the load or user equipment, and the high voltage power supply directly affected by the on / off of the switch unit), its on / off is controlled by the local micro-control unit, and the switch unit is connected to the corresponding switch unit of the upper-level safety module for power supply. It can be that one switch unit of the upper level corresponds to multiple switch units of the adjacent lower-level multiple safety modules, or several switch units of the upper level respectively control the switch units of different groups of the lower-level modules. In short, the number of upper-level switch units is greater than the total number of switch units of all the same-level modules in the next level. One lower-level switch unit is only controlled by the power supply of one upper-level switch unit, while one upper-level switch unit can control multiple lower-level switch units; it should be noted that the power supply connection here is different from the electrical signal connection. The micro-control unit collects the information of each sensor through the electrical signal connection and controls the on / off of the switch, while the object controlled by the on / off of the switch is the power supply of the load or user equipment or the power supply of the lower-level switch unit; the micro-control unit collects the detection information of the local sensor unit, controls the on / off of the local switch unit, receives the user query information (for monitoring information) and / or switch instructions sent by an external computer or other intelligent devices or the micro-control unit of the upper-level safety module, and returns relevant information, and receives and forwards the user query information and / or switch instructions of the micro-control unit of the lower-level safety module; the information sending and receiving are both realized through the communication unit. Generally, the communication unit is arranged in the micro-control unit and supports Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or 4G / 5G, etc., to realize data collection, processing and transmission, which is the prior art.

[0026] The sensor unit includes at least one of a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, and a power sensor. Generally, at least one current sensor is commonly set and installed in the switch unit or user equipment, and is used to detect the power consumption situation, line temperature and voltage change of each room (that is, the upper-level switch unit, corresponding to all switch units in the next-level one room), a single user equipment, a group of user equipment, a switch unit or a group of switch units. The sensor detection information is attached with the identification of the detected object and the detection time identification, and it is easy for users to obtain the power consumption situation and temperature change situation of the concerned object.

[0027] The switch unit includes a relay and / or a circuit breaker (air switch), and is provided with a device for externally controlling on / off, which is used to perform a power-off operation when the system detects an abnormal situation. Its on / off is controlled by the micro-control unit at this level, and can also be controlled by the limit off mechanism of the switch itself (such as automatically opening the circuit when the current is too large). At this time, the corresponding open-circuit threshold set by the micro-control unit for the switch unit is generally smaller than the current threshold at which the switch unit automatically opens the circuit itself, that is, there is a final safety guarantee measure when the microcontroller fails; the first-level safety module includes a main incoming switch unit and several sub-switch units. The power supply of the sub-switch units is controlled by the main incoming switch unit, and at the same time, it is power-connected to the switch unit of the lower-level safety module, or the load or user equipment at this level. Only one switch unit is connected to the upper level to supply power to one sub-switch unit or one load or one set of user equipment (for the demand of double-control switches in a family, such as two switches arranged at different positions can both control the switch of a certain lamp, we still call this group of switches a switch unit). Specifically, by improving the connectors directly connected to the load or electrical equipment in the traditional way, a controllable switch and a set of corresponding sensors are added to each or each group of connectors, so that the implementation of each functional module or functional unit of the system has a hardware basis.

[0028] Generally, this system deploys a safety module in units of rooms or independent partitions (such as a certain functional area in a factory building. For the sake of simplicity of expression, this application generally uses rooms to represent uniformly, hereby declared). That is, each room / partition can be used as an independent control node, and each control node is responsible for real-time monitoring of the electricity consumption in the room where it is located; in addition to the electricity consumption of the load, user equipment or switch unit at this level, the micro-control unit of the upper-level safety module can control the micro-control units of all lower-level safety modules, and does not affect the connection method that one switch unit of the upper-level safety module can control different switch units in several different rooms / partitions (that is, the cross-layer and / or cross-module connection method of the switch unit, as shown in the figure is a cross-module link), such as the main lighting switch can control the lighting electricity consumption in different rooms at the same time.

[0029] The electrical connection of the safety module can essentially be attributed to the mutual electrical connection of the corresponding micro-control units, generally strictly connected in layers, without crossing layers or modules, while the power supply interconnection method of the switch unit includes any combination connection method of layering, sub-modules, cross-layers and cross-modules. That is, each upper-level switch unit can separately control the power supply of all switch units of an adjacent lower-level module, which is the conventional layer-by-layer and sub-module power supply connection; or one upper-level switch unit can control different switch units of multiple adjacent lower-level modules, such as the connection method shown Figure 1 in the figure, which belongs to the cross-module power supply connection; or one upper-level switch unit can simultaneously control the power supply connection of different switch units of several adjacent lower-level modules and several switch units in several subsequent layers.

[0030] Adopting a hierarchical system architecture can achieve multi-level protection. The system preferentially detects abnormal conditions of devices or switch units in the branch circuits. When an abnormality occurs in a single device or branch circuit, the branch circuit is first cut off; if the problem is not solved or the fault spreads to the main circuit, the system will quickly cut off the upper-level switch unit or the main circuit to ensure the safety of the entire household power supply system.

[0031] The micro-control unit of the first-level security module: It is used to centrally manage the control nodes of each room, record and analyze the power consumption of each node, and conduct overall remote monitoring and operation; users can view and control the system status through intelligent devices such as PCs, mobile phones, and tablets. Sometimes the micro-control unit of the first-level security module is also called the central control unit or the centralized control unit. Its function of centralized acquisition and processing is relatively powerful, while the lower-level micro-control units are mainly for collecting information and forwarding information (including control instructions). This is just a different functional division, and the essence of the system composition is still the same.

[0032] Preferably, the cascaded security modules collect the monitoring information of the lower-level security modules through the micro-control unit of this level, and regularly send the monitoring information of this level and the subordinate lower-level security modules to the micro-control unit of the upper-level security module. The monitoring information is attached with the identification of the security module and the subordinate switch unit, that is, it is very easy for users to identify or obtain the power consumption information of the load or the lower-level switch unit under each independent switch unit.

[0033] This embodiment sets up a distributed safe power consumption system with 2 levels and a total of 5 security modules (some modules or units in the figure are replaced by ellipsis), which can be used as a common structural mode of the household distributed safe power consumption system. A total security module, that is, a first-level security module, is set at the entrance, and a second-level security module is set in each of the 4 rooms; the switch units of the first-level security module all have the functions of hardware automatic power-off and software power-off (that is, power-off by the control instruction of the micro-control unit), and the switch units of the second-level security module only set the software power-off function (that is, power-off by the control instruction of the micro-control unit); each switch unit is electrically connected to the micro-control unit of this module, and each switch unit is provided with a temperature, voltage, and current detection sensor unit. Therefore, all user devices connected to the switch units are under the unified monitoring of this system. The system not only has an automatic safety monitoring function but also has the functions of remote query and control by intelligent devices. The overall safety, operability, and humanization advantages are very obvious. Especially through the analysis of the long-term power consumption of electrical equipment, the change of equipment performance can be obtained, providing information support for timely repair, maintenance, or replacement, and avoiding the impact on normal life and the overall power safety caused by sudden failure (such as fire hazards caused by circuit short-circuit and sparking).

[0034] Preferably, the on-off control method of the switch unit includes a general threshold control method or a comprehensive threshold control method, both of which belong to the transient analysis and judgment method. The general threshold control method is the traditional control method of cutting off the power supply when the current exceeds the set threshold. The comprehensive threshold control method judges whether it is necessary to give an alarm to prompt manual intervention for inspection or directly cut off the power supply (which can be done simultaneously with an alarm) through the combined analysis of several related factors such as the change amount and change trend of current, voltage, and temperature, and can control or alarm and check for potential dangers earlier and more accurately, avoiding the impact of large current turn-off on equipment or the power grid. The comprehensive threshold control method includes at least one of the current-voltage comprehensive threshold control method, the current-temperature comprehensive threshold control method, the current gradient threshold control method, and the temperature gradient threshold control method.

[0035] Preferably, the current-voltage comprehensive threshold control method includes: Denote the first current threshold I 1max (equivalent to the self-excitation oscillation threshold), the second current threshold I 2max (equivalent to the alarm threshold, reminding the user to check and handle), the third current threshold I 3max (equivalent to the automatic partial power-off threshold), where the current refers to the effective current; the current threshold I 0max for the hardware automatic open circuit of the switch unit (this value is a fixed value of the electrical switch and is related to the hardware characteristics of the equipment), then I 1max < I 2max < I 3max < I 0max ; The first pulse voltage threshold V 1max (equivalent to the self-excitation oscillation threshold); When the measured voltage V >= V 1max , and the measured current I >= I 1max , the system alarms; meeting the foregoing conditions indicates that there may be self-excitation oscillation in this circuit loop, and the alarm is given first, and inspection or power-off inspection is required; if the pulsation source is in other loops, the voltage of this circuit loop may be abnormal, but the current is generally not abnormal, so this loop will not alarm; this method can judge the circuit loop pulse or self-excitation oscillation earlier, take timely measures to avoid unnecessary losses and impacts, or make preparations for power-off in advance.

[0036] If there is no voltage detection, directly proceed to the following current judgment; When the measured current I >= I 2max , the system alarms; When the measured current I >= I 3max , the system automatically cuts off the power supply or cuts off the power supply and alarms simultaneously.

[0037] When there is no voltage detection value, only the second current threshold I 2max and the third current threshold I 3maxPerforming analysis and judgment is a simplified method, which is still more superior compared to the traditional method of directly cutting off the power when a single current threshold is reached, that is, it allows users to have a certain amount of autonomous processing time, while directly cutting off the power sometimes causes certain adverse effects or losses.

[0038] Preferably, the comprehensive current-temperature threshold control method includes: Denote the first temperature threshold T 1max , the second temperature threshold T 2max , the third temperature threshold T 3max , T 1max < T 2max < T 3max ; When the measured temperature T >= T 1max , and the measured current I >= I 1max , the system alarms; that is, when the current change causes a significant increase in the device temperature, the system makes an alarm. When the measured temperature T >= T 1max , and the measured current I >= I 2max , or when the measured temperature T >= T 2max , and the measured current I >= I 1max , the system alarms and automatically cuts off the power; When the measured temperature T >= T 3max , the system alarms and automatically cuts off the power.

[0039] Preferably, the current gradient threshold control method includes: Denote the first current gradient threshold G I1max ; When the measured current I >= I 1max , and the measured current gradient (the amount of increase per unit time) G I > G I1max , the system alarms; When the measured current I >= I 2max , and the measured current gradient G I > G I1max , the system alarms and automatically cuts off the power.

[0040] Preferably, the temperature gradient threshold control method includes: Denote the first temperature gradient threshold G I1max ; When the measured current T >= T 1max , and the measured temperature gradient (the amount of increase per unit time) G T > G I1max , the system alarms; When the measured current T >= T 2max , and the measured temperature gradient G T > G I1maxWhen this occurs, the system will give an alarm and automatically cut off the power supply.

[0041] All threshold settings need to be determined according to the actual performance of the load and the switch unit hardware. Each level of safety module can have its own control method and threshold setting for each switch unit or load; for the current control threshold in hierarchical control, the control threshold of the upper-level safety module is greater than the corresponding threshold of the lower-level safety module, and generally should be greater than "the maximum threshold + the total normal working current" in the corresponding grouped switch units of the lower-level safety module.

[0042] When the system is used for the first time or the load is connected for the first time, the system automatically counts the relevant data of several items such as the normal working current, voltage, power, temperature, etc. of the relevant electrical equipment or switch units. When necessary, it can also count several items of relevant information such as the current, voltage, power, and temperature in the standby state of the load, monitor the change of standby power consumption, so as to assist in judging the change of the performance of the electrical equipment; at the same time, analyze the standby power consumption to provide users with more information about the performance of the electrical equipment.

[0043] In this embodiment, the above four methods, namely the current-voltage comprehensive threshold control method, the current-temperature comprehensive threshold control method, the current gradient threshold control method, and the temperature gradient threshold control method, are used simultaneously. Once the conditions of any one method are met, an alarm and / or automatic power cut-off will be triggered.

[0044] Based on the rated current I0, rated voltage V0, and the temperature T0 (such as 30 °C) in the normal working state at room temperature of the monitored load or user equipment, this embodiment sets I 1max = 1.3I0, I 2max = 1.5I0, I 3max = 2I0, V 1max = 1.2V0; T 1max = 2T0, T 2max = 2.5T0, T 3max = 3T0; G I1max = 0.5A / s, G I1max = 0.5 °C / s.

[0045] Note that the thresholds of different units and different devices can be different; for the same device and the same unit, the thresholds can also be different at different times. The above control methods based on current, voltage, and temperature can also adopt control methods based on power. Therefore, the sensor unit can be set with a power sensor, or obtained by converting current and voltage. Specific control methods include, for example, automatically switching to the low-power mode at night. When the total power exceeds the set time limit value, the system issues a warning to prevent overloading of electricity consumption.

[0046] Embodiment 2: The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the power consumption system in this embodiment further includes an intelligent terminal (such as a mobile phone) monitoring unit (not shown in the figure). The intelligent terminal monitoring unit is electrically connected to the micro-control unit and is arranged inside the first-level security module or each security module. Generally, at least one intelligent terminal detection unit is arranged in one-level security module, and other security modules can be determined according to the situation. Usually, one intelligent monitoring unit is arranged in each security module for a complete distributed power consumption monitoring to achieve independent monitoring. The intelligent monitoring unit automatically monitors the distance between the intelligent terminal and the electrical equipment. After the distance exceeds the set threshold (the distance threshold is set to 200m in this embodiment), it automatically detects whether the electrical equipment that should be turned off has been turned off. If not, it sends a reminder message to the user. The user can remotely cut off the power through the intelligent terminal to ensure energy conservation and power consumption safety. Of course, the electrical equipment can also be set to the automatic power-off mode, that is, it cuts off the power automatically without user confirmation, but generally, user confirmation is required to avoid accidental power-off, and the specific mode can be set by the user. The specific monitoring method of the distance includes monitoring using mobile phone positioning information, etc. The user can use the intelligent terminal monitoring unit to view and control the overall state of the power consumption system at the same time.

[0047] Embodiment 3: The difference from Embodiment 1 is that this embodiment has only one room, so a distributed power consumption safety system composed of only one first-level security module is set up. One micro-control unit controls 1 main switch unit for incoming power and 5 grouped switch units. The grouped switch units are respectively connected to different loads, and the power supply connections are all controlled by the main switch unit for incoming power. The main switch unit for incoming power and the 5 grouped switch units are all electrically connected to the micro-control unit. The setting method of other sensor units is the same as that in Embodiment 1.

[0048] Embodiment 4: The difference from Embodiment 1 is that only one current sensor is set in each switch unit in this embodiment. When the measured current I >= I 2max the system alarms; when the measured current I >= I 3max the system alarms and automatically cuts off the power. If the system simultaneously collects monitoring information such as current, voltage, and temperature emitted by the intelligent electrical equipment according to the actual situation of the load, safety alarms and controls can be performed using the corresponding general threshold control method or comprehensive threshold control method according to the received information type.

[0049] Embodiment 5: The difference from Embodiment 1 is that in this embodiment, a current sensor and a temperature sensor are provided in each switch unit, and the corresponding general threshold control method or comprehensive threshold control method is used for safety alarm and control. Considering that it is not easy to detect real-time pulse voltage, this embodiment is a more practical implementation method in current engineering, that is, the safety control of the power consumption system is realized through the detection and analysis of current and temperature, and it is also a simplified system.

[0050] Embodiment 6: The difference from Embodiment 1 is that this embodiment does not set a temperature sensor and only uses the comprehensive current-voltage threshold control method, and the system is relatively more simplified.

[0051] Embodiment 7: The difference from Embodiment 1 is that the micro-control unit in this embodiment (generally the micro-control unit of the primary safety module, so that the power consumption analysis of the equipment can be centralized) is also provided with a power consumption performance analysis module for the electrical equipment. This module generally only aims at the situation where the electrical equipment connected to the switch unit remains unchanged for a long time, such as the lamps connected to the lighting switch, the air conditioners connected to the air conditioner switch, the refrigerators connected to the refrigerator switch, etc. The methods for power consumption performance analysis include the analysis of the long-term change trend of the current and / or temperature of the electrical equipment under normal working conditions; the long-term change trend analysis methods include any one or several combinations of the current continuous window comparison method, the temperature continuous window comparison method, the current initial state comparison method, and the temperature initial state comparison method, and can also be classified into the continuous window comparison method and the initial state comparison method respectively; Taking the long-term change trend of current as an example, the current continuous window comparison method includes: calculating the average current within the statistical window duration, and analyzing the change trend of the average current of multiple consecutive windows. The multiple consecutive windows include non-overlapping windows in time and / or partially overlapping windows in time. Data when the equipment is not working or the connection state or working mode is artificially changed is not involved in the analysis; the window duration is not less than 1 hour, and the number of sampling points within the window duration is not less than 10. The reason for designing the window duration long enough is mainly to consider that in addition to conventional interference fluctuations, usually electrical equipment does not always operate smoothly even under normal working conditions. For example, the compressor of the air conditioner will pause when the set temperature is reached, and the compressor of the refrigerator will also pause during the temperature holding stage. When the temperature changes beyond the range, the compressor will start running again, and the operation of the compressor has a great impact on the current. Therefore, generally, the window duration should ensure that multiple cycles of normal fluctuation values are sampled, so that the average value is more credible. Since the supply voltage is relatively stable, the average current within the window duration can also be obtained by "total power consumption / voltage / window duration" within the window time; designing the number of current sampling points within the window time to be large enough is also to ensure the effectiveness of statistical averaging; Denote the sampling window duration t under normal working conditions c within which the measured average currents of consecutive windows are I1, I2, …, Ip , that is, the current continuous window number is p. For non-stop electrical equipment, the sliding window method can be used, and the window slides once per sampling period, which can ensure the timeliness of judging the current change trend; If I1, I2,..., I p shows an obvious upward or downward trend (note that it is not fluctuating up and down. Here, a continuous and obvious decrease in current is also an abnormal phenomenon. Without other reasons, it indicates that the load impedance is changing significantly), and the relative change amount exceeds the first change threshold a1, that is, |I p -I1| / I1 >= a1, then an alarm signal is issued; among them, p >= 5, that is, there must be a sufficient number of continuous windows to judge the change trend to be meaningful; for each sampling period t s When sliding the window once, the number of sliding windows p within the continuous duration t = (t - t c ) / t s +1; if the overlapping duration of adjacent windows is t a , then the number of sliding windows p within the continuous duration t = (t - t c ) / t a +1; if there is no overlap of sliding windows within the continuous time t, then p = int(t / t c ), where int( ) is the rounding function; For air-conditioning equipment, in this embodiment, the first change threshold a1 = 0.2, t c = 1 hour, and the sampling period t s = 1 minute, that is, the number of sampling points within the window duration is 60, and there is no overlap of the sliding window, p = 20, that is, trend analysis is performed on 20 consecutive windows in the normal working state (the working time can be interrupted).

[0052] The specific method of the temperature continuous window comparison method is the same as that of the current continuous window comparison method, and only the current needs to be replaced with temperature.

[0053] The above is collectively referred to as the continuous window comparison method; Carrying out the performance analysis of electrical equipment can timely obtain the long-term change of equipment performance, predict the risk of possible qualitative changes, and thus process or prevent in advance, and the safety performance of the power system can be greatly improved, and the probability of sudden equipment power consumption conditions will be greatly reduced.

[0054] Embodiment 8: The difference from Embodiment 7 is that in this embodiment, for equipment such as refrigerators that work continuously for 24 hours a day without interruption, t c = 24 hours, and the sampling period t s= 10 minutes, that is, the number of sampling points within the window duration is 144, and the adjacent sliding windows overlap by 1 hour. Trend analysis is performed on the window data for 10 consecutive days in the normal working state (the working time can have interruptions). If there is no interruption in the middle, then p = (10 * 24 - 24) / 1 + 1 = 217.

[0055] Example 9: The difference from Example 7 is that the current initial state comparison method adopted in this example includes: recording the average current I of the initial working normal working state of the electrical equipment mean , that is, the current in the normal working state when first used. Generally, the average current within at least one window duration is statistically analyzed when first used, or the currents of multiple window durations or more than one window duration can also be statistically averaged; If the relative change amount between the current window average current I p and I mean exceeds the second change threshold a2, that is, |I p -I mean | / I mean >= a2, a2 > a1, then an alarm signal is issued; The specific method of the temperature initial state comparison method is the same as that of the current initial state comparison method, and only the current needs to be replaced with the temperature.

[0056] The above is collectively referred to as the initial state comparison method; In this example, a2 = 0.4 is taken. Relatively speaking, a1 belongs to the current change threshold of current or temperature within a relatively short period of time, while it belongs to the change threshold over a relatively long period of time from the initial state to the current moment. Therefore, the latter is greater than the former.

[0057] The above is only a relatively systematic and comprehensive example of the distributed safe power consumption system of the present invention. In fact, there can be various combinations of different comprehensive threshold control methods and load power consumption performance analysis methods (long-term change trend analysis methods). There are also various preferred solutions for the hierarchical quantity of the security module, the connection method of the switch units between each layer, the configuration and layout of each unit inside the module, etc. These combinations or preferred solutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention and will not be listed one by one here.

Claims

1. A distributed safe power consumption system, characterized in that, The power consumption system includes at least one safety module or several safety modules in hierarchical cascade. The safety module includes a micro-control unit, several sensor units, and several switch units. The sensor units and switch units are both electrically connected to the micro-control unit at the same level. The switch unit is power supply-connected to the terminal load or user equipment, and its on / off is controlled by the micro-control unit at the same level. The switch unit is power supply-connected to the corresponding switch unit of the upper-level safety module. The micro-control unit collects the detection information of the sensor units at the same level, controls the on / off of the switch units at the same level, receives the user query information and / or switch commands sent by the external intelligent device or the micro-control unit of the upper-level safety module, and returns relevant information, and receives and forwards the user query information and / or switch commands of the micro-control unit of the lower-level safety module. The sensor unit includes at least one of a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, and a power sensor. The switch unit includes a relay and / or a circuit breaker, and is provided with a device for externally controlling on / off. The circuit breaker threshold set by the micro-control unit for the switch unit is less than the current threshold for the switch unit to automatically trip itself. The first-level safety module includes a main incoming switch unit and several branch switch units. The power supply of the branch switch units is controlled by the main incoming switch unit, and at the same time, it is power supply-connected to the switch units of the lower-level safety module, or the load or user equipment at the same level. Only one switch unit is directly connected to supply power to one lower-level switch unit, one load, or one set of user equipment. The power supply interconnection method of the switch units includes any combination connection methods of layering, sub-module, cross-layer, and cross-module.

2. The distributed safe power consumption system according to claim 1, wherein, The cascaded safety modules collect the monitoring information of the lower-level safety modules through the micro-control unit at the same level, and regularly send the monitoring information of the current level and the subordinate lower-level safety modules to the micro-control unit of the upper-level safety module. The monitoring information is all attached with the identification of the safety module and the corresponding switch unit.

3. A distributed safe power consumption system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power consumption system further includes an intelligent terminal monitoring unit. The intelligent terminal monitoring unit is electrically connected to the micro-control unit. At least one intelligent terminal monitoring unit is provided in the first-level safety module. It automatically monitors the distance between the intelligent terminal and the electrical equipment. After the distance exceeds the set threshold, it automatically detects whether the electrical equipment that should be turned off has been turned off. If not, it sends a reminder message to the user.

4. A distributed secure power consumption system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The on / off control method of the switch unit includes a general threshold control method or a comprehensive threshold control method. The general threshold control method is a control method for cutting off the power supply when the current exceeds the set threshold. The comprehensive threshold control method judges whether to alarm or directly cut off the power supply through the joint analysis of several related factors such as the change amount and change trend of current, voltage, and temperature. The comprehensive threshold control method includes at least one of a current-voltage comprehensive threshold control method, a current-temperature comprehensive threshold control method, a current gradient threshold control method, and a temperature gradient threshold control method.

5. A distributed safe power consumption system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The current-voltage comprehensive threshold control method includes: Record the first current threshold I 1max , the second current threshold I 2max , the third current threshold I 3max , where the current refers to the effective current; the current threshold I 0max at which the switch unit hardware automatically opens the circuit, then I 1max < I 2max < I 3max < I 0max ; The first pulse voltage threshold V 1max ; When the measured voltage V >= V 1max , and the measured current I >= I 1max , the system alarms; if there is no voltage detection, directly perform the following current judgment; When the measured current I >= I 2max , the system gives an alarm; When the measured current I >= I 3max , the system automatically cuts off the power supply or cuts off the power supply and gives an alarm simultaneously.

6. A distributed safe power consumption system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The current-temperature comprehensive threshold control method includes: Record the first temperature threshold T 1max and the second temperature threshold T 2max and the third temperature threshold T 3max , where T 1max < T 2max < T 3max ; When the measured temperature T >= T 1max , and the measured current I >= I 1max , the system gives an alarm; When the measured temperature T >= T 1max , and the measured current I >= I 2max , or when the measured temperature T >= T 2max , and the measured current I >= I 1max , the system alarms and automatically cuts off the power supply; When the measured temperature T >= T 3max , the system will alarm and automatically cut off the power supply.

7. A distributed safe power consumption system according to claim 4, characterized in that The current gradient threshold control method includes: Record the first current gradient threshold G I1max ; When the measured current I >= I 1max , and the measured current gradient G I > G I1max , the system alarms; When the measured current I >= I 2max , and the measured current gradient G I > G I1max , the system alarms and automatically cuts off the power supply.

8. A distributed safe power consumption system according to claim 4, wherein, The temperature gradient threshold control method includes: Record the first temperature gradient threshold G I1max ; When the measured current T >= T 1max , and the measured temperature gradient G T > G I1max , the system alarms; When the measured current T >= T 2max , and the measured temperature gradient G T > G I1max , the system will alarm and automatically cut off the power supply.

9. A distributed safe power consumption system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller unit is also provided with an electrical equipment power consumption performance analysis module. The method for analyzing the power consumption performance includes analyzing the long-term change trend of the current and / or temperature of the electrical equipment under normal operating conditions. The long-term change trend analysis method includes any one or a combination of the following methods: continuous current window comparison method, continuous temperature window comparison method, initial current comparison method, and initial temperature comparison method for joint judgment; The continuous current window comparison method includes: calculating the average current within the statistical window duration, and analyzing the change trend of the average current of multiple consecutive windows. The multiple consecutive windows include non-overlapping windows in time and / or partially overlapping windows in time. The window duration is not less than 1 hour, and the number of sampling points within the window duration is not less than 10; Record the sampling window duration t under normal working conditions c Within it, the measured average currents of consecutive windows are I1, I2, …, I p , that is, the current number of consecutive windows is p; If I1, I2, …, I p show an obvious upward or downward trend, and the relative change amount exceeds the first change threshold a1, that is, |I p - I1| / I1 >= a1, then an alarm signal is sent; where p >= 5; The specific method of the continuous temperature window comparison method is the same as that of the continuous current window comparison method, but the current needs to be replaced with temperature.

10. A distributed safe power consumption system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The initial current comparison method includes: recording the average current I of the normal working state of the electrical equipment at the initial operation mean ; If the average current I of the current window p and the relative change amount of I mean exceeds the second change threshold a2, that is, |I p - I mean | / I mean >= a2, a2 > a1, then an alarm signal is sent; The specific method of the initial temperature comparison method is the same as that of the initial current comparison method, but the current needs to be replaced with temperature.

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