Microphone with adaptive pickup module and pickup control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a microphone with a self-adaptive pickup module and a pickup control method, and relates to the technical field of microphone pickup, the microphone comprises a substrate unit and the self-adaptive pickup module, and the self-adaptive pickup module comprises a resonant cavity piezoelectric acquisition module, a signal conversion module and a phase error correction module. The sound wave acquisition layer formed by the spiral resonant cavity structure array can effectively guide and focus a target sound source to form a highly directional pickup wave beam. Experimental data show that the environmental noise can be greatly attenuated, and the definition of target sound is remarkably improved. The phase error correction module can monitor environmental changes in real time, dynamically calculates and corrects phase errors caused by sound velocity changes according to a sound wave phase regulation and control algorithm, ensures accuracy and stability of pickup, and can effectively suppress noise even in a complex and changeable acoustic environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of microphone sound pickup, and in particular to a microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module and a sound pickup control method. Background Art

[0002] Dynamic and condenser microphones are the most common microphones. Dynamic microphones are durable and suitable for live performances, but their high-frequency response may not be good enough. Condenser microphones are highly sensitive and suitable for recording studios, but they are sensitive to environmental noise and require a power supply. Then there are MEMS microphones, which are small in size and high in integration, but their dynamic range may not be as good as that of traditional microphones.

[0003] Technologies such as beamforming and adaptive array microphones can pick up sound directionally and can suppress environmental noise to a certain extent, but the calculation is complex, the cost is high, and the adaptive noise reduction processing in all directions is not good.

[0004] Chinese Patent No. CN119211803B discloses an earphone audio system and a control method based on an array sensor module, including a noise reduction requirement input module, an environmental audio monitoring unit, an environmental sound analysis unit, and an array audio sensor unit. After the user enters the noise reduction requirement for the corresponding direction by operating the touch display screen or through the microphone of the earphone, the array audio sensor module emits the reference reflection signal after adaptive filtering and delay adjustment. The reference reflection signal should have the same frequency and amplitude as the noise, but the opposite phase, so that targeted directional and precise noise reduction can be carried out for the specified direction, improving the noise reduction effect.

[0005] However, the existing problems are that the use of magnetic field sensors may be interfered by surrounding metal objects or electronic devices, resulting in inaccurate direction data and affecting the noise reduction direction positioning.

[0006] Touch screen and voice input require the user to actively operate, which may not be intuitive enough, especially inconvenient in mobile scenarios.

[0007] Building a model only based on frequency, amplitude, and phase may ignore the characteristics of dynamically changing noise, such as transient noise and non-stationary signals.

[0008] Generating a reverse signal requires fast processing, and existing solutions may have a high delay in complex environments, affecting the noise reduction effect.

[0009] The distribution of multiple microphones and sensors may increase the hardware complexity and cost, and may also affect the aesthetics and comfort of the earphone design. Summary of the Invention

[0010] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module and a sound pickup control method. The following technical solutions are adopted: A microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module, comprising a substrate unit and an adaptive sound pickup module. The adaptive sound pickup module includes a resonant cavity piezoelectric acquisition module, a signal conversion module, and a phase error correction module. The resonant cavity piezoelectric acquisition module includes an acoustic wave acquisition layer and a piezoelectric signal conversion layer. A plurality of spiral resonant cavity structures are arranged in an array on the substrate unit to form the acoustic wave acquisition layer of the resonant cavity piezoelectric acquisition module. A piezoelectric signal conversion sheet is installed below the spiral resonant cavity structure, and a plurality of piezoelectric signal conversion sheets form the piezoelectric signal conversion layer. The signal conversion module is communicatively connected to the electrical signal output end of the piezoelectric signal conversion layer. The phase error correction module includes a temperature and humidity sensor, a buffer, and a microprocessor. The temperature and humidity sensor is installed on the substrate unit. The buffer is communicatively connected to both the signal conversion module and the temperature and humidity sensor. The microprocessor is communicatively connected to the buffer, calculates the phase error caused by the change in sound speed based on the acoustic wave phase regulation algorithm, and the phase error correction module is communicatively connected to the sound processing module of the microphone to exchange phase error calibration data. The sound processing module generates a noise suppression control signal based on the phase error calibration data.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the acoustic wave acquisition layer formed by the spiral resonant cavity structure array can effectively guide and focus the target sound source by using its unique acoustic characteristics, forming a highly directional sound pickup beam. Experimental data shows that it can achieve a significant attenuation of environmental noise and significantly improve the clarity of the target sound.

[0012] The piezoelectric signal conversion layer made of high-performance piezoelectric materials can efficiently convert the collected acoustic wave signals into electrical signals, greatly improving the signal-to-noise ratio, ensuring that the target sound can be clearly captured even in a low sound pressure level environment.

[0013] The phase error correction module can monitor the environmental changes in real time, and according to the acoustic wave phase regulation algorithm, dynamically calculate and correct the phase error caused by the change in sound speed, ensuring the accuracy and stability of sound pickup, and effectively suppressing noise even in a complex and changeable acoustic environment.

[0014] The integrated temperature and humidity sensor can sense the environmental temperature and humidity changes in real time, providing accurate environmental parameters for sound speed calculation.

[0015] Based on a high-speed microprocessor and an optimized algorithm, the system can quickly complete the calculation and correction of the phase error caused by the change in sound speed, ensuring the real-time and accuracy of sound pickup.

[0016] The phase error correction has a high precision, ensuring the phase consistency of the sound pickup signal in different environments, and effectively eliminating the influence of environmental factors on the sound pickup quality.

[0017] By establishing an acoustic feature database containing a variety of typical scenarios, the system can adaptively adjust according to different acoustic environments to ensure the best sound pickup effect in various scenarios.

[0018] The spiral resonator structures are arranged in an array with a set spacing, achieving higher acoustic wave collection efficiency within a limited space and greatly improving the space utilization rate.

[0019] Piezoelectric-semiconductor composite structure, suppressing self-feedback: The composite structure design of the piezoelectric signal conversion layer and the signal conversion module can effectively suppress self-feedback, reduce system noise, and improve the sound pickup quality.

[0020] In film and television shooting, high-precision directional sound pickup can be achieved, with high sound field positioning accuracy, meeting the high requirements for sound quality in professional film and television production. In the field of industrial inspection, it meets the needs of high-precision detection.

[0021] It can support the Bluetooth 5.3 / Wi-Fi6E dual-mode transmission protocol, facilitating connection and data transmission with various devices.

[0022] Optionally, the spiral resonator structure includes a horn inlet part, a spiral cavity body, and a base part. The base part is provided with a plurality of piezoelectric signal collection ports. The bottom of the base part is installed on the substrate unit through a piezoelectric signal conversion sheet. The bottom of the spiral cavity body is connected to the top of the base part. Both ends of multiple vibration conduction rods are respectively connected to the bottom of the spiral cavity body and the piezoelectric signal conversion sheet. The multiple vibration conduction rods respectively pass through the plurality of piezoelectric signal collection ports, and the horn inlet part is connected to the top of the spiral cavity body.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the inlet of the spiral resonator structure is designed in a horn shape, effectively expanding the acoustic wave collection area, improving the acoustic wave introduction efficiency, and ensuring that more sound energy enters the spiral cavity body.

[0024] The spiral structure design of the spiral cavity body helps the acoustic waves to be reflected and focused multiple times within the cavity, enhancing the acoustic wave intensity in a specific direction and improving the directivity and sensitivity of sound pickup.

[0025] Base part and piezoelectric signal conversion sheet: The base part is provided with a plurality of piezoelectric signal collection ports, ensuring that the piezoelectric signal conversion sheets can be evenly distributed and in close contact, maximizing the efficiency of converting acoustic waves into electrical signals.

[0026] Multiple vibration conduction rods directly transfer the acoustic wave vibration at the bottom of the spiral cavity body to the piezoelectric signal conversion sheet, reducing energy loss and improving the sensitivity and accuracy of signal conversion.

[0027] The overall design of the spiral cavity body, the base part, and the vibration conduction rods ensures the stability and consistency of the structure, reducing signal fluctuations caused by structural deformation.

[0028] The design of multiple piezoelectric signal collection ports and vibration conduction rods ensures the uniform distribution of sound waves during the conversion process and improves the stability and consistency of the signal.

[0029] Through the innovative spiral resonant cavity structure design, efficient collection, focusing and conversion of sound waves are achieved, the sensitivity, stability and anti-interference ability of sound pickup are improved, and it is easy to integrate, expand and maintain, providing strong technical support for the design and application of high-performance microphones.

[0030] Optionally, a plurality of spiral resonant cavity structures are arranged in a planar hexagonal close-packed array on the substrate unit.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, hexagonal close packing is an efficient filling method. This arrangement can maximize the use of the area of the substrate unit, achieve a wider pickup range and better spatial coverage, and reduce the blind area of pickup. Compared with traditional linear arrays, hexagonal arrays can provide more flexible beam control and more uniform sound pressure distribution, which is conducive to improving the accuracy and directionality of sound positioning.

[0032] The dense array arrangement can better suppress interference signals from different directions and improve the recognition and clarity of the target sound.

[0033] Optionally, the piezoelectric signal conversion plate is a piezoelectric ceramic plate.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, the piezoelectric ceramic sheet has the characteristics of high sensitivity and wide-band response, which can accurately capture weak sound wave signals and convert them into electrical signals, ensuring the rich restoration of sound details.

[0035] Optionally, the spiral resonant cavity structure is formed by 3D printing, and the speaker entrance, the spiral cavity, the base and the plurality of vibration conduction rods are formed in one piece.

[0036] By adopting the above technical solution, 3D printing technology can achieve precise manufacturing of the spiral resonant cavity structure, ensuring the consistency of the size and shape of each resonant cavity, thereby ensuring the stability and reliability of the acoustic performance.

[0037] 3D printing technology can produce lightweight and small resonant cavity structures, which is conducive to the lightweight and integration of microphones and facilitates their application in various devices.

[0038] Optionally, the temperature and humidity sensor is an integrated thin film temperature and humidity sensor.

[0039] By adopting the above technical solution, the integrated thin film temperature and humidity sensor usually has a faster response speed, can monitor the slight changes in ambient temperature and humidity in real time, and promptly feed back to the microprocessor for sound speed compensation calculation.

[0040] Compared with traditional discrete temperature and humidity sensors, integrated thin-film temperature and humidity sensors usually have higher measurement accuracy, can more accurately sense the changes in ambient temperature and humidity, thereby improving the accuracy of sound speed compensation and reducing phase errors.

[0041] Optionally, the signal conversion module includes a low-noise amplifier, a tunable band-pass filter, and an analog-to-digital converter. The signal input of the low-noise amplifier is communicatively connected to the electrical signal output of the piezoelectric signal conversion layer. The signal input of the tunable band-pass filter is communicatively connected to the signal output of the low-noise amplifier. The signal input of the analog-to-digital converter is communicatively connected to the signal output of the tunable band-pass filter. The signal output of the analog-to-digital converter is communicatively connected to the buffer of the phase error correction module.

[0042] A sound pickup control method for a microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module, which uses a microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module for sound pickup control, includes the following steps: Step 1, the signal conversion module collects the sound signal of the resonant cavity piezoelectric collection module and converts it into an initial sound electrical signal; Step 2, the buffer communicates and exchanges the initial sound electrical signal and the current temperature and humidity data with the signal conversion module and the temperature and humidity sensor respectively; Step 3, the microprocessor calculates the phase error caused by the change in sound speed based on the acoustic wave phase regulation algorithm; Step 4, the microprocessor is communicatively connected to the sound processing module of the microphone to exchange phase error calibration data.

[0043] Optionally, the acoustic wave phase regulation algorithm in Step 3 includes the following steps: Step 31, the microprocessor establishes a metasurface sound field model based on the Helmholtz equation, uses the generalized cross-correlation phase transformation, and calculates the target direction angle through array geometry , to obtain the target direction of the sound source; Step 32, the microprocessor calculates the phase delay of each spiral resonant cavity structure respectively; Step 32, according to the target direction of the sound source in Step 31, calculate the phase delay of the sound signal collected by the i-th spiral resonant cavity structure relative to the sound signal at the center position of the substrate unit. The calculation formula is as follows: ;

[0044] where is the phase delay, is the unit vector of the acoustic wave propagation direction; is the layout coordinate in the plane hexagonal close-packed array, , is the wave number of the steady-state simple harmonic wave.

[0045] Optionally, the core formula of the metasurface acoustic field model is ; where is the wave number of the steady-state simple harmonic wave, and c = 331.4 + 0.6T + 0.0124H is the corrected sound speed.

[0046] In summary, the present invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: The present invention can provide a microphone with an adaptive pickup module and a pickup control method. The acoustic wave acquisition layer formed by the spiral resonator cavity structure array can effectively guide and focus the target sound source by using its unique acoustic characteristics to form a highly directional pickup beam. Experimental data shows that it can achieve a large attenuation of environmental noise and significantly improve the clarity of the target sound. The piezoelectric signal conversion layer made of high-performance piezoelectric materials can efficiently convert the collected acoustic wave signals into electrical signals, greatly improving the signal-to-noise ratio and ensuring that the target sound can be clearly captured even in a low sound pressure level environment. The phase error correction module can monitor the environmental changes in real time and dynamically calculate and correct the phase error caused by the sound speed change according to the acoustic wave phase regulation algorithm to ensure the accuracy and stability of the pickup, and can effectively suppress noise even in a complex and changeable acoustic environment. Based on a high-speed microprocessor and an optimized algorithm, the system can quickly complete the calculation and correction of the phase error caused by the sound speed change to ensure the real-time and accuracy of the pickup. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the component communication connection of the microphone with an adaptive pickup module according to the present invention; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the resonator piezoelectric acquisition module of the microphone with an adaptive pickup module according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the internal structural principle of the resonator piezoelectric acquisition module of the microphone with an adaptive pickup module according to the present invention.

[0049] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS: 1. Substrate unit; 111. Horn inlet part; 112. Spiral cavity; 113. Base part; 114. Vibration conduction rod; 12. Piezoelectric signal conversion layer; 2. Signal conversion module; 21. Low-noise amplifier; 22. Tunable band-pass filter; 23. Analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converter; 3. Phase error correction module; 31. Temperature and humidity sensor; 32. Buffer; 33. Microprocessor; 100. Sound processing module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0050] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0051] Embodiments of the present invention disclose a microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module and a sound pickup control method.

[0052] Referring to Figures 1 - 3 , Embodiment 1, a microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module includes a substrate unit 1 and an adaptive sound pickup module. The adaptive sound pickup module includes a resonant cavity piezoelectric acquisition module, a signal conversion module 2, and a phase error correction module 3. The resonant cavity piezoelectric acquisition module includes an acoustic wave acquisition layer and a piezoelectric signal conversion layer 12. A plurality of spiral resonant cavity structures are arranged in an array on the substrate unit 1 to form the acoustic wave acquisition layer of the resonant cavity piezoelectric acquisition module 11. A piezoelectric signal conversion sheet is installed below the spiral resonant cavity structure, and a plurality of piezoelectric signal conversion sheets form the piezoelectric signal conversion layer 12. The signal conversion module 2 is communicatively connected to the electrical signal output end of the piezoelectric signal conversion layer 12. The phase error correction module 3 includes a temperature and humidity sensor 31, a buffer 32, and a microprocessor 33. The temperature and humidity sensor 31 is installed on the substrate unit 1. The buffer 32 is communicatively connected to the signal conversion module 2 and the temperature and humidity sensor 31 respectively. The microprocessor 33 is communicatively connected to the buffer 32. Based on the acoustic wave phase regulation algorithm, it calculates the phase error caused by the change in the speed of sound, and the phase error correction module 3 is communicatively connected to the sound processing module 100 of the microphone to exchange phase error calibration data. The sound processing module 100 generates a noise suppression control signal based on the phase error calibration data.

[0053] The acoustic wave acquisition layer formed by the spiral resonant cavity structure array can effectively guide and focus the target sound source by using its unique acoustic characteristics, forming a highly directional sound pickup beam. Experimental data shows that it can achieve a significant attenuation of environmental noise and significantly improve the clarity of the target sound.

[0054] The piezoelectric signal conversion layer made of high-performance piezoelectric materials can efficiently convert the collected acoustic wave signals into electrical signals, greatly improving the signal-to-noise ratio and ensuring that the target sound can be clearly captured even in a low sound pressure level environment.

[0055] The phase error correction module 3 can monitor the environmental changes in real time and, according to the acoustic wave phase regulation algorithm, dynamically calculate and correct the phase error caused by the change in the speed of sound, ensuring the accuracy and stability of sound pickup and effectively suppressing noise even in a complex and changeable acoustic environment.

[0056] The integrated temperature and humidity sensor 31 can sense the environmental temperature and humidity changes in real time, providing accurate environmental parameters for the speed of sound calculation.

[0057] Based on a high-speed microprocessor and an optimized algorithm, the system can quickly complete the calculation and correction of the phase error caused by the change in the speed of sound, ensuring the real-time and accuracy of sound pickup.

[0058] The phase error correction has high precision, ensuring the phase consistency of the picked-up signal in different environments and effectively eliminating the influence of environmental factors on the picking-up quality.

[0059] By establishing an acoustic feature database containing various typical scenarios, the system can adaptively adjust according to different acoustic environments to ensure the best picking-up effect in various scenarios.

[0060] The spiral resonator structures are arranged in an array with a set spacing, achieving a higher acoustic wave collection efficiency within a limited space and greatly improving the space utilization rate.

[0061] Piezoelectric-semiconductor composite structure, suppressing self-feedback: The composite structure design of the piezoelectric signal conversion layer and the signal conversion module can effectively suppress self-feedback, reduce system noise, and improve the picking-up quality.

[0062] In film and television shooting, high-precision directional picking-up can be achieved, with high sound field positioning accuracy, meeting the high requirements for sound quality in professional film and television production. In the field of industrial inspection, it meets the needs of high-precision detection.

[0063] It can support the Bluetooth 5.3 / Wi-Fi 6E dual-mode transmission protocol, facilitating connection and data transmission with various devices.

[0064] In Embodiment 2, the spiral resonator structure includes a horn inlet portion 111, a spiral cavity body 112, and a base portion 113. The base portion 113 is provided with a plurality of piezoelectric signal collection ports. The bottom of the base portion 113 is mounted on the substrate unit 1 through a piezoelectric signal conversion sheet. The bottom of the spiral cavity body 112 is connected to the top of the base portion 113. Both ends of a plurality of vibration conduction rods 114 are respectively connected to the bottom of the spiral cavity body 112 and the piezoelectric signal conversion sheet. The plurality of vibration conduction rods 114 respectively pass through the plurality of piezoelectric signal collection ports, and the horn inlet portion 111 is connected to the top of the spiral cavity body 112.

[0065] The inlet of the spiral resonator structure is designed in a horn shape, effectively expanding the acoustic wave collection area, improving the acoustic wave introduction efficiency, and ensuring that more acoustic energy enters the spiral cavity body.

[0066] The spiral structure design of the spiral cavity body 112 helps the acoustic waves to be reflected and focused multiple times in the cavity, enhancing the acoustic wave intensity in a specific direction and improving the directivity and sensitivity of the picking-up.

[0067] The base portion 113 and the piezoelectric signal conversion sheet: The base portion is provided with a plurality of piezoelectric signal collection ports, ensuring that the piezoelectric signal conversion sheets can be evenly distributed and in close contact, maximizing the efficiency of converting acoustic waves into electrical signals.

[0068] A plurality of vibration conduction rods directly transfer the acoustic wave vibration at the bottom of the spiral cavity body to the piezoelectric signal conversion sheet, reducing energy loss and improving the sensitivity and accuracy of signal conversion.

[0069] The overall design of the spiral cavity, the base part, and the vibration conduction rod ensures the stability and consistency of the structure, reducing signal fluctuations caused by structural deformation.

[0070] The design of multiple piezoelectric signal acquisition ports and the vibration conduction rod ensures the uniform distribution of sound waves during the conversion process, improving the stability and consistency of the signal.

[0071] Through the innovative design of the spiral resonant cavity structure, the efficient acquisition, focusing, and conversion of sound waves are achieved, improving the sensitivity, stability, and anti-interference ability of sound pickup. At the same time, it is convenient for integration, expansion, and maintenance, providing strong technical support for the design and application of high-performance microphones.

[0072] In Embodiment 3, multiple spiral resonant cavity structure planar hexagonal close-packed arrays are arranged on the substrate unit 1.

[0073] Hexagonal close packing is an efficient filling method. This arrangement can maximize the use of the area of the substrate unit 1, achieve a wider sound pickup range and better spatial coverage, and reduce sound pickup blind spots. Compared with the traditional linear array, the hexagonal array can provide more flexible beam control and a more uniform sound pressure distribution, which is beneficial to improving the accuracy and directivity of sound localization.

[0074] The dense array arrangement can better suppress interference signals from different directions, improving the recognition and clarity of the target sound.

[0075] In Embodiment 4, the piezoelectric signal conversion piece is a piezoelectric ceramic piece.

[0076] The piezoelectric ceramic piece has the characteristics of high sensitivity and wide-band response, and can accurately capture weak sound wave signals and convert them into electrical signals, ensuring the rich restoration of sound details.

[0077] In Embodiment 5, the spiral resonant cavity structure is formed by 3D printing, and the horn inlet part 111, the spiral cavity 112, the base part 113, and multiple vibration conduction rods 114 are integrally formed.

[0078] The 3D printing technology can achieve the precise manufacturing of the spiral resonant cavity structure, ensuring the consistency of the size and shape of each resonant cavity, thus ensuring the stability and reliability of the acoustic performance.

[0079] The 3D printing technology can manufacture a resonant cavity structure with light weight and small volume, which is beneficial to the lightweight and integration of the microphone and is convenient for application in various devices.

[0080] In Embodiment 6, the temperature and humidity sensor 31 is an integrated thin-film temperature and humidity sensor.

[0081] Integrated thin-film temperature and humidity sensors usually have a faster response speed, can monitor minute changes in environmental temperature and humidity in real time, and promptly feedback to the microprocessor 33 for sound speed compensation calculation.

[0082] Compared with traditional discrete temperature and humidity sensors, integrated thin-film temperature and humidity sensors usually have higher measurement accuracy, can more accurately sense changes in environmental temperature and humidity, thereby improving the accuracy of sound speed compensation and reducing phase error.

[0083] Embodiment 7, the signal conversion module 2 includes a low-noise amplifier 21, a tunable band-pass filter 22, and an analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converter 23. The signal input port of the low-noise amplifier 21 is communicatively connected to the electrical signal output end of the piezoelectric signal conversion layer 12. The signal input end of the tunable band-pass filter 22 is communicatively connected to the signal output end of the low-noise amplifier 21. The signal input end of the analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converter 23 is communicatively connected to the signal output end of the tunable band-pass filter 22. The signal output end of the analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converter 23 is communicatively connected to the buffer 32 of the phase error correction module 3.

[0084] Embodiment 8, a sound pickup control method for a microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module. The sound pickup control is performed using a microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module, including the following steps: Step 1, the signal conversion module 2 collects the sound signal of the resonant cavity piezoelectric collection module and converts it into an initial sound electrical signal; Step 2, the buffer 32 communicates and interacts with the signal conversion module 2 and the temperature and humidity sensor 31 for the initial sound electrical signal and the current temperature and humidity data respectively; Step 3, the microprocessor 33 calculates the phase error caused by the change in sound speed based on the acoustic wave phase regulation algorithm; Step 4, the microprocessor 33 is communicatively connected to the sound processing module 100 of the microphone to communicate and exchange phase error calibration data.

[0085] Embodiment 9, the acoustic wave phase regulation algorithm in Step 3 includes the following steps: Step 31, the microprocessor 33 establishes a metasurface sound field model based on the Helmholtz equation, adopts the generalized cross-correlation phase transformation, and calculates the target direction angle through array geometry , to obtain the sound source target direction; Step 32, the microprocessor 33 calculates the phase delay of each spiral resonant cavity structure respectively; Step 32, according to the sound source target direction in Step 31, calculate the phase delay of the sound signal collected by the i-th spiral resonant cavity structure relative to the sound signal at the center position of the substrate unit 1. The calculation formula is as follows: ; where is the phase delay, is the unit vector of the sound wave propagation direction; are the layout coordinates in the plane hexagonal close-packed array, , is the wave number of the steady-state simple harmonic wave.

[0086] Example 10, the core formula of the metasurface sound field model is ; where is the wave number of the steady-state simple harmonic wave, and c = 331.4 + 0.6T + 0.0124H is the corrected sound speed.

[0087] The above are all the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. Therefore, all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape, and principle of the present invention shall be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module, characterized in that: It includes a substrate unit (1) and an adaptive sound pickup module. The adaptive sound pickup module includes a resonant cavity piezoelectric acquisition module, a signal conversion module (2), and a phase error correction module (3). The resonant cavity piezoelectric acquisition module includes a sound wave acquisition layer and a piezoelectric signal conversion layer (12). A plurality of spiral resonant cavity structure arrays are arranged on the substrate unit (1) to form the sound wave acquisition layer of the resonant cavity piezoelectric acquisition module (11). A piezoelectric signal conversion sheet is installed below the spiral resonant cavity structure, and a plurality of piezoelectric signal conversion sheets form the piezoelectric signal conversion layer (12). The signal conversion module (2) is communicatively connected to the electrical signal output end of the piezoelectric signal conversion layer (12). The phase error correction module (3) includes a temperature and humidity sensor (31), a buffer (32), and a microprocessor (33). The temperature and humidity sensor (31) is installed on the substrate unit (1). The buffer (32) is communicatively connected to the signal conversion module (2) and the temperature and humidity sensor (31) respectively. The microprocessor (33) is communicatively connected to the buffer (32). Based on the acoustic wave phase control algorithm, it calculates the phase error caused by the change in sound speed. The phase error correction module (3) is communicatively connected to the sound processing module (100) of the microphone to exchange phase error calibration data, and the sound processing module (100) generates a noise suppression control signal based on the phase error calibration data.

2. The microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module according to claim 1, wherein: The spiral resonant cavity structure includes a horn inlet part (111), a spiral cavity body (112), and a base part (113). The base part (113) is provided with a plurality of piezoelectric signal acquisition ports. The bottom of the base part (113) is installed on the substrate unit (1) through a piezoelectric signal conversion sheet. The bottom of the spiral cavity body (112) is connected to the top of the base part (113). Both ends of a plurality of vibration conduction rods (114) are respectively connected to the bottom of the spiral cavity body (112) and the piezoelectric signal conversion sheet, and a plurality of vibration conduction rods (114) respectively pass through the plurality of piezoelectric signal acquisition ports. The horn inlet part (111) is connected to the top of the spiral cavity body (112).

3. The microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of spiral resonant cavity structure plane hexagonal close-packed arrays are arranged on the substrate unit (1).

4. The microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module according to claim 3, wherein: The piezoelectric signal conversion sheet is a piezoelectric ceramic sheet.

5. The microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module according to claim 3, wherein: The spiral resonant cavity structure is formed by 3D printing, and the horn inlet part (111), the spiral cavity body (112), the base part (113), and a plurality of vibration conduction rods (114) are integrally formed.

6. The microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module according to claim 1, wherein: The temperature and humidity sensor (31) is an integrated thin-film temperature and humidity sensor.

7. The microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal conversion module (2) includes a low-noise amplifier (21), a tunable band-pass filter (22), and an analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converter (23). The signal input of the low-noise amplifier (21) is communicatively connected to the electrical signal output of the piezoelectric signal conversion layer (12). The signal input of the tunable band-pass filter (22) is communicatively connected to the signal output of the low-noise amplifier (21). The signal input of the analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converter (23) is communicatively connected to the signal output of the tunable band-pass filter (22). The signal output of the analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converter (23) is communicatively connected to the buffer (32) of the phase error correction module (3).

8. A method for controlling the sound pickup of a microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module, characterized in that: Performing pickup control using the microphone with an adaptive pickup module according to any one of claims 1-7, comprising the following steps: Step 1, the signal conversion module (2) collects the sound signal of the resonant cavity piezoelectric collection module and converts it into an initial sound electrical signal; Step 2, the buffer (32) communicatively interacts with the signal conversion module (2) and the temperature and humidity sensor (31) for the initial sound electrical signal and the current temperature and humidity data; Step 3, the microprocessor (33) calculates the phase error caused by the change in the speed of sound based on the acoustic wave phase regulation algorithm; Step 4, the microprocessor (33) is communicatively connected to the sound processing module (100) of the microphone to exchange phase error calibration data.

9. The sound pickup control method of the microphone with an adaptive sound pickup module according to claim 8, characterized in that: The acoustic wave phase regulation algorithm in Step 3 includes the following steps: Step 31, the microprocessor (33) establishes a metasurface sound field model based on the Helmholtz equation, adopts the generalized cross-correlation phase transformation, and calculates the target direction angle through the array geometry to obtain the target direction of the sound source. , and obtains the target direction of the sound source. Step 32, the microprocessor (33) calculates the phase delay of each spiral resonant cavity structure respectively; Step 32, according to the sound source target direction in Step 31, calculate the phase delay of the sound signal collected by the i-th spiral resonant cavity structure relative to the sound signal at the center position of the substrate unit (1), and the calculation formula is as follows: ； wherein is the phase delay, is the unit vector in the sound wave propagation direction; are the layout coordinates in the planar hexagonal close-packed array, , is the wave number of the steady-state simple harmonic wave.

10. The pick-up control method of the microphone with an adaptive pick-up module according to claim 9, characterized in that: The core formula of the metasurface sound field model is ； Among them is the wave number of the steady-state simple harmonic wave, and c = (331).(4) + (0).(6)T + (0).(0124)H is the corrected sound speed.

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