Fly ash flue gas integrated treatment equipment special for incinerator

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of fly ash flue gas separation, and discloses a fly ash flue gas integrated treatment equipment special for incinerator, which comprises a support, a cyclone separator is installed in the support, a pretreatment assembly is arranged in the support, the pretreatment assembly comprises a rotational flow air inlet chamber fixedly connected to the top of the support, a rotational flow port is installed at the top of the rotational flow air inlet chamber, the outer edge of the rotational flow port is tangent to the outer edge of the rotational flow air inlet chamber, the side of the rotational flow port away from the rotational flow air inlet chamber is connected with an external incinerator, an external fan is arranged between the rotational flow port and the external incinerator, under the guidance of the spiral flow guide column, the fly ash and the flue gas flow along a spiral path, the residence time of the fly ash and the flue gas in the rotational flow air inlet chamber is greatly prolonged, the molecules of the flue gas and the fly ash have more opportunities to collide with each other, the friction between the molecules is intensified, under the heating action of the heater, the activity of the molecules is enhanced, so that the originally dispersed small molecular particulate matters are more likely to agglomerate with each other to form large molecular particulate matters.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fly ash and flue gas separation technology, specifically to an integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device for incinerators. Background Technology

[0002] Integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment equipment for incinerators is used to efficiently purify fly ash and flue gas generated during the incineration process, ensuring that emissions meet standards and reducing environmental pollution.

[0003] However, existing integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment equipment still has some problems: First, in the separation of fly ash and flue gas, the cyclone separator commonly used in the existing technology works by relying on centrifugal force to separate fly ash particles from flue gas. Large fly ash particles are thrown against the inner wall of the separator and settled and collected under the action of centrifugal force. However, for fly ash particles with smaller particle size, the separation efficiency of the cyclone separator is greatly reduced. Small fly ash particles are light and have low inertia. The centrifugal force they experience in the cyclone separator is insufficient to effectively separate them. They will still enter the subsequent treatment process with the flue gas. This not only reduces the fly ash collection efficiency and increases the burden on subsequent treatment equipment, but may also lead to excessive fly ash emissions and cause environmental pollution.

[0004] To compensate for the poor separation effect of cyclone separators on small fly ash particles, some equipment has attempted to use filters for secondary filtration. However, this approach has introduced new problems. Filters are easily clogged by fly ash particles during use. These particles are irregular in shape and have a certain degree of stickiness. When they come into contact with the filter, they easily adhere to it, gradually accumulating and causing the filter pores to shrink or even become completely blocked. Once the filter is clogged, the flow of flue gas is obstructed, the system pressure increases, and the operating efficiency of the treatment equipment is significantly reduced. To maintain equipment operation, the filter needs to be cleaned or replaced frequently. This not only increases equipment maintenance costs and labor workload but also leads to equipment downtime, affecting production continuity. Long-term and frequent filter maintenance may also damage the filter, further shortening its service life and increasing the company's operating costs.

[0005] Secondly, after separating the flue gas and fly ash, the flue gas needs to be purified. Existing flue gas purification technologies, such as desulfurization, denitrification, and dust removal, usually rely on multiple independent treatment units. The desulfurization process mainly utilizes alkaline substances to chemically react with sulfur dioxide in the flue gas, converting it into substances such as sulfates for removal. Denitrification often employs technologies such as selective catalytic reduction or selective non-catalytic reduction, which involves injecting a reducing agent into the flue gas to reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen under certain conditions. Dust removal generally uses electrostatic precipitators, bag filters, and other methods.

[0006] However, these independent processing units operate independently, making the entire flue gas purification system complex. Each processing unit requires specialized equipment, pipelines, and control systems, which not only increases the investment cost of the equipment but also significantly increases the difficulty of system installation, commissioning, and maintenance. Moreover, the large area occupied by multiple independent processing units is a major constraint for some companies with limited space. The complex system also increases the probability of failure. If a processing unit fails, the entire flue gas purification process may be interrupted, resulting in the flue gas failing to meet emission standards and causing serious environmental pollution. At the same time, due to the poor coordination between the processing units, it is difficult to achieve efficient and simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants during actual operation, reducing the overall treatment efficiency.

[0007] Therefore, this invention proposes an integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device specifically for incinerators. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device specifically for incinerators, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device specifically for incinerators, comprising a support frame, a cyclone separator installed inside the support frame, and a pretreatment component disposed inside the support frame, the pretreatment component comprising an air intake structure installed on the surface of the support frame, the air intake structure integrating a heating structure, an atomizing structure, and a sound wave generating device.

[0010] When fly ash and flue gas enter the intake structure, their movement changes under the guidance of the intake structure, extending their residence time inside the intake structure. This increases the chance of collisions between molecules. At the same time, the heating structure heats the fly ash and flue gas, increasing molecular activity and promoting particle aggregation. The sound wave vibration generated by the sound wave generator further promotes molecular collisions and aggregation, and also prevents particles from accumulating inside the intake structure. Finally, the atomizing structure sprays water mist to cool the intake and heating structures, thereby ensuring stable equipment operation.

[0011] Preferably, the air intake structure includes a swirl air intake chamber fixedly connected to the surface of the support, a spiral guide column fixedly connected inside the swirl air intake chamber, a swirl inlet installed on the top of the swirl air intake chamber, the outer edge of the swirl inlet being tangent to the outer edge of the swirl air intake chamber, the side of the swirl inlet away from the swirl air intake chamber being used for interconnection with an external incinerator, and the bottom of the swirl air intake chamber being interconnected with a cyclone separator.

[0012] The heating structure includes a heating chamber and a heater. The heating chamber is located in the middle of the inner wall of the swirling air inlet chamber, and the heater is installed inside the heating chamber.

[0013] Preferably, the atomizing structure includes a water pump, a water tank, several pipes, several atomizing nozzles, and an external temperature sensor. The water pump and water tank are mounted on the outer wall of the bracket and are interconnected. All pipes are interconnected with the water pump. All atomizing nozzles are mounted at the bottom of the pipes. The atomizing nozzles and pipes are located inside the spiral guide column. The output ends of the atomizing nozzles are inclined in accordance with the thread direction of the spiral guide column. The external temperature sensor is installed inside the swirling air inlet chamber and is electrically connected to the water pump.

[0014] Preferably, an external fan is installed between the swirl inlet and the external incinerator.

[0015] Preferably, the swirling air inlet chamber and the spiral guide column both gradually contract toward the side near the bottom of the support.

[0016] Preferably, the sound wave generating device is made of a heat-resistant material, specifically tungsten metal.

[0017] Preferably, the sound wave generating device is a probe type.

[0018] Preferably, an ash hopper is provided below the cyclone separator.

[0019] Preferably, the heater is an electric heating wire.

[0020] Preferably, a degradation reaction assembly is provided below the cyclone separator. The degradation reaction assembly includes a reaction cylinder fixedly connected to the inner surface of the support. The reaction cylinder is interconnected with the top of the cyclone separator. A plasma generator is installed inside the reaction cylinder. A flow channel is formed in the middle of the plasma generator. The two electrodes of the plasma generator are both located on both sides of the flow channel. A catalyst block one is installed inside the reaction cylinder and below the plasma generator. An electric field enhancer is installed inside the reaction cylinder and below the catalyst block one. The two electrodes of the electric field enhancer are both located on both sides close to the inner wall of the reaction cylinder. A limiting post is provided below the catalyst block one. A flow divider plate is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the limiting post in a ring-shaped equidistant arrangement. The side of the flow divider plate away from the limiting post is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction cylinder. A catalyst block two is provided on the outer surface of the limiting post. A buckle is snapped into the lower part of the limiting post to support the catalyst block two. Both catalyst block one and catalyst block two are made of catalytically active material.

[0021] Preferably, the first catalyst block is made of titanium dioxide and has a honeycomb structure, the second catalyst block is made of activated carbon fiber, the shapes of the two electrodes of the electric field enhancer are adapted to the shape of the second catalyst block, and the electrodes of the plasma generator are filamentous electrodes.

[0022] Preferably, the plasma generator is equipped with a manifold on both the upper and lower sides. The shape of the upper manifold is adapted to the top of the reaction cylinder and the shape of the flow channel, while the shape of the lower manifold is adapted to the shape of the flow channel and the first catalyst block.

[0023] Preferably, the electric field enhancer provides a directional electric field of 1-5 kV / cm, the two electrodes of the electric field enhancer are located on its top, and the high-voltage power supply of the electric field enhancer is located below it, with the high-voltage power supply and the electrodes connected by a cable.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. Under the guidance of the spiral guide column, fly ash and flue gas flow along the spiral path, which greatly prolongs their residence time in the swirling inlet chamber. In this chamber, flue gas and fly ash molecules have more opportunities to collide with each other, which intensifies the friction between molecules. At the same time, under the heating effect of the heater, the activity of molecules is enhanced, making it easier for the originally dispersed small molecule particles to agglomerate and form large molecule particles. This effectively avoids the problem of low separation efficiency of small fly ash particles, reduces the situation where small fly ash particles enter the subsequent treatment process with the flue gas, improves the collection efficiency of fly ash, reduces the burden on subsequent treatment equipment, and also avoids the pollution caused by excessive fly ash emissions to the environment.

[0025] The swirling inlet chamber and spiral guide column have contraction characteristics that cause the flow velocity of flue gas and dust to gradually increase when they flow inside. When small molecular particles agglomerate into large molecular particles under heating and collision, the accelerated airflow can quickly carry these large molecular particles away from the swirling inlet chamber, thus preventing the accumulation of large molecular particles in the swirling inlet chamber.

[0026] As the cyclone inlet chamber is constricted, the angular velocity of fly ash and flue gas gradually increases when they flow within it. This increases the centrifugal force on the fly ash particles, and the greater centrifugal force helps the fly ash particles separate better from the flue gas, thus improving the separation effect of fly ash in the cyclone separator.

[0027] During the flow of fly ash and flue gas, particulate matter can move downwards in an orderly manner along the spiral guide column, avoiding disorderly pushing of particulate matter in the swirl inlet chamber.

[0028] The sound waves generated by the sound wave generator have a variety of beneficial effects. On the one hand, the vibration of the sound waves can promote the movement of molecules in fly ash and flue gas, increase the chance of collision between molecules, and further promote the aggregation of small molecule particles, so that more small particles can aggregate into large particles. On the other hand, the vibration of the sound waves can act on particles that have already adhered to or accumulated on the inner wall of the equipment, preventing them from further accumulating and clogging.

[0029] In a heated environment, the molecules in the medium are highly active, resulting in relatively low sound wave propagation loss. This lower sound wave transmission loss allows the sound waves to propagate more effectively to all corners of the swirling air inlet chamber, fully leveraging their role in promoting agglomeration and preventing blockage.

[0030] The heater is located in the middle of the cyclone inlet chamber, which creates a temperature transition zone on the upper and lower sides of the cyclone inlet chamber. When the pre-treated dust and flue gas enter the cyclone separator, the temperature will gradually decrease. According to the principle of thermal motion, the decrease in temperature will slow down the thermal motion of the particles and relatively strengthen the attraction between molecules, thus making it easier for the particles to agglomerate together, which is beneficial to the separation of fly ash and flue gas.

[0031] In high-temperature environments, water mist spraying allows molecules in fly ash and flue gas to come into full contact with the water mist. Water molecules have strong adsorption properties, which can adsorb surrounding small fly ash particles and promote particle aggregation. At the same time, high temperature also helps to accelerate the evaporation and diffusion of water molecules, making the aggregation process faster and more effective.

[0032] The water mist cooling system ensures that the temperature inside the swirl intake chamber remains within a suitable range, preventing damage to other structures caused by overheating.

[0033] Among them, the operation of the water pump is controlled by an external sensor, which realizes the water spraying mode on demand, thereby avoiding unnecessary waste of water resources and energy consumption, and realizing energy-saving optimization of equipment operation.

[0034] 2. The plasma generator rapidly ionizes gas molecules, generating a large number of high-energy electrons. These high-energy electrons collide violently with molecules such as oxygen and water vapor in the flue gas, generating strong oxidizing substances. These strong oxidizing substances can quickly react chemically with pollutants in the flue gas, initially decomposing them and breaking down the complex molecular structure of pollutants into relatively simple substances. Subsequently, under the continuous action of high-energy electrons, catalyst block one is effectively activated, generating electron-hole pairs, thereby further decomposing pollutants into harmless small molecules such as carbon dioxide and water. This process greatly reduces the pollutant content in the flue gas, alleviating the pressure on subsequent treatment. Next, the directional electric field generated by the electric field enhancer accelerates the movement of pollutant molecules in the electric field, causing them to come into contact with catalyst block two more frequently. Catalyst block two, with its excellent adsorption performance and catalytic activity, deeply purifies the pollutants after preliminary decomposition and primary catalysis, further removing residual harmful substances. The entire process is interconnected, achieving stable and efficient treatment of flue gas, avoiding the problems of poor coordination and low treatment efficiency of multiple independent treatment units in existing technologies, and ensuring that the flue gas can meet emission standards.

[0035] When an electric current is applied to the filament electrode, a strong local magnetic field is generated around it. This strong local magnetic field can highly concentrate electric field energy, significantly enhancing the electric field strength near the electrode. Under the influence of the strong electric field, the ionization process of gas molecules is greatly promoted, enabling the more efficient generation of a large number of high-energy electrons.

[0036] The electrodes of the electric field enhancer are shaped to match the catalyst block two, resulting in a more uniform and concentrated electric field distribution around the catalyst block two, thus maximizing the effect of the electric field enhancer. When pollutant molecules move towards the catalyst block two under the influence of the electric field, the uniform and concentrated electric field ensures that the pollutant molecules contact the catalyst block two at an appropriate speed and angle, improving the efficiency of the catalytic reaction. At the same time, the matching shape also reduces the loss of electric field energy.

[0037] The confluence shells located on the upper and lower sides of the plasma generator can precisely converge the airflow to one place, thereby ensuring the uniform distribution of flue gas in the plasma region and making the ionization and preliminary decomposition of the flue gas by the plasma more complete. The lower confluence shell gathers the flue gas after plasma treatment and guides it to the first catalyst block, ensuring that the flue gas can fully contact the first catalyst block and carry out a catalytic reaction. Attached Figure Description

[0038] Figure 1 This is a frontal perspective three-dimensional schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 This is a rear-view perspective view of the main structure of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional perspective view of the preprocessing component of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged 3D schematic diagram of the structure at point A.

[0042] Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged 3D schematic diagram of the structure at point B.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of the preprocessing component of the present invention from another angle.

[0044] Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged 3D schematic diagram of the structure at point C.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional perspective view of the degradation reaction assembly of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged 3D schematic diagram of the structure at point D.

[0047] Figure 10 For the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged 3D schematic diagram of the structure at point E in the middle.

[0048] In the diagram: 11. Support frame; 12. Cyclone separator.

[0049] 2. Pretreatment components; 210. Air intake structure; 211. Swirl air intake chamber; 212. Spiral guide column; 220. Heating structure; 221. Heating chamber; 222. Heater; 230. Sound wave generator; 240. Atomization structure.

[0050] 3. Degradation reaction components; 31. Reaction cylinder; 32. Manifold shell; 33. Plasma generator; 34. Catalyst block one; 35. Limiting column; 36. Diverter plate; 37. Electric field enhancer; 38. Catalyst block two. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0052] It should be noted that the cyclone separator 12 only provides the function of separating fly ash and flue gas, the external fan provides the function of extracting and pushing fly ash and flue gas, the sound wave generator 230 provides the function of generating sound waves, the plasma generator 33 only provides the function of generating plasma, and the electric field enhancer 37 only provides the function of generating a directional electric field. The working principle and specific structure of the above structures are all existing technologies. Therefore, given the universality of the above structures, their specific principles will not be described in detail below.

[0053] Example 1, please refer to as follows Figures 1 to 7 As shown, an integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment device for incinerators includes a support 11, a cyclone separator 12 installed inside the support 11, and a pretreatment component 2 inside the support 11. The pretreatment component 2 includes an air intake structure 210 installed on the surface of the support 11. The air intake structure 210 integrates a heating structure 220, an atomizing structure 240, and a sound wave generator 230.

[0054] When fly ash and flue gas enter the intake structure 210, their movement state changes under the guidance of the intake structure 210, and their residence time inside the intake structure 210 is prolonged. This increases the chance of collisions between molecules. At the same time, the heating structure 220 heats the fly ash and flue gas, increasing the activity of molecules and thus promoting the agglomeration of particulate matter. The sound wave vibration generated by the sound wave generator 230 can further promote the collision and agglomeration between molecules and prevent particulate matter from accumulating in the intake structure 210. Finally, the atomizing structure 240 sprays water mist to cool the intake structure 210 and the heating structure 220, thereby ensuring stable operation of the equipment.

[0055] It should be noted that the air intake structure 210 includes a swirl air intake chamber 211 fixedly connected to the surface of the bracket 11. A spiral guide column 212 is fixedly connected inside the swirl air intake chamber 211. A swirl inlet is installed on the top of the swirl air intake chamber 211. The outer edge of the swirl inlet is tangent to the outer edge of the swirl air intake chamber 211. The side of the swirl inlet away from the swirl air intake chamber 211 is used to connect with an external incinerator. The bottom of the swirl air intake chamber 211 is connected with the cyclone separator 12.

[0056] The heating structure 220 includes a heating chamber 221 and a heater 222. The heating chamber 221 is located in the middle of the inner wall of the swirl inlet chamber 211, and the heater 222 is installed inside the heating chamber 221.

[0057] The atomizing structure 240 includes a water pump, a water tank, several pipes, several atomizing nozzles, and an external temperature sensor. The water pump and water tank are installed on the outer wall of the bracket 11 and are connected to each other. All pipes are connected to the water pump. The atomizing nozzles are installed at the bottom of the pipes. The atomizing nozzles and pipes are located inside the spiral guide column 212. The output ends of the atomizing nozzles are inclined in accordance with the thread direction of the spiral guide column 212. The external temperature sensor is installed inside the swirl inlet chamber 211 and is electrically connected to the water pump. An external fan is installed between the swirl inlet and the external incinerator. The swirl inlet chamber 211 and the spiral guide column 212 gradually contract towards the side closer to the bottom of the bracket 11. The sound wave generating device 230 is made of heat-resistant material, specifically tungsten metal. The sound wave generating device 230 is a probe type. An ash hopper is provided below the cyclone separator 12. The heater 222 is an electric heating wire.

[0058] Specifically, after the external fan, heater 222 and sound wave generator 230 are started, the external fan starts to work and, with its strong suction capacity, quickly draws the fly ash and flue gas generated in the incinerator into the swirl inlet chamber 211.

[0059] Because the outer edge of the swirl inlet is tangent to the outer edge of the swirl inlet chamber 211, fly ash and flue gas enter the swirl inlet chamber 211 tangentially. This unique air intake method causes the fly ash and flue gas to form a strong swirling motion in the chamber, which quickly disperses throughout the entire swirl inlet chamber 211 space, avoiding local accumulation. Meanwhile, the external fan continuously draws flue gas and fly ash from the incinerator. The fly ash and flue gas entering the swirl inlet chamber 211 are forced to continuously discharge downwards under the push of the subsequent airflow.

[0060] During this process, fly ash and flue gas will follow the trajectory of the spiral guide column 212. The spiral guide column 212 guides the fly ash and flue gas to make spiral motion, which significantly prolongs their residence time in the swirl inlet chamber 211. During the long residence time, the collision frequency between fly ash and flue gas increases significantly, which intensifies the friction between them and creates favorable conditions for subsequent agglomeration.

[0061] At the same time, the heater 222, i.e. the heating wire, in the heating chamber 221 starts to work, heating the fly ash and flue gas. Under the action of heat energy, the thermal motion of molecules in the fly ash and flue gas intensifies, and the interaction force between molecules changes, making them easier to agglomerate into large particles. Since the heater 222 is located in the middle of the spiral guide column 212, a clear temperature transition zone is formed on the upper and lower sides of the heater 222. As the temperature rises, the viscosity of the fly ash and flue gas gradually decreases, which is conducive to the collision and agglomeration between particles and avoids the particle adhesion caused by excessive viscosity, which would affect the agglomeration effect.

[0062] Since both the swirl inlet chamber 211 and the spiral guide column 212 contract downwards, according to the principles of fluid mechanics, under the condition of constant flow rate, the reduction in cross-sectional area will lead to an increase in flow velocity. The high-speed flowing fly ash and flue gas are guided by the threads of the spiral guide column 212 and flow along a specific path, avoiding disorderly accumulation. This dual effect of increased flow velocity and thread guidance effectively prevents fly ash and flue gas from clogging inside the swirl inlet chamber 211, ensuring the smooth flow of the entire process.

[0063] When fly ash and flue gas pass through heater 222, the sound waves generated by sound wave generator 230 wash over the fly ash and flue gas. The vibration of the sound waves increases the kinetic energy of the molecules in the fly ash and flue gas, making the collisions between molecules more intense and further promoting the agglomeration of small particles. At the same time, the energy of the sound waves can impact particles that have already adhered to the inner wall of the swirl inlet chamber 211 or may accumulate, making them less likely to accumulate and thus preventing blockage.

[0064] Finally, the fly ash and flue gas reach the bottom of the swirl inlet chamber 211. Since the swirl inlet chamber 211 and the cyclone separator 12 are interconnected, they smoothly enter the interior of the cyclone separator 12.

[0065] As the large particles move further away from the heater 222, their temperature gradually decreases. This decrease in temperature slows down the thermal motion of the aggregated particles and strengthens the intermolecular attraction, thus promoting particle coagulation and effectively preventing them from being broken up again during entry into the cyclone separator 12. Inside the cyclone separator 12, the fly ash and flue gas are successfully separated by centrifugal force. The fly ash falls into the ash hopper below the cyclone separator 12 due to its own gravity, while the flue gas enters the degradation reaction component 3 above the cyclone separator 12 for purification.

[0066] It should be noted that when the temperature inside the swirl inlet chamber 211 reaches a certain threshold, the external temperature sensor electrically controls the water pump to start. The water pump pressurizes the water in the water tank and delivers it through the pipeline to the atomizing nozzle located inside the spiral guide column 212. The water mist sprayed from the atomizing nozzle quickly diffuses within the swirl inlet chamber 211. The water mist can absorb a large amount of heat, effectively reducing the temperature inside the swirl inlet chamber 211, preventing internal parts from being damaged due to overheating, and extending the service life of the equipment. At the same time, the water molecules in the water mist can adsorb small particles in fly ash and flue gas, promoting their aggregation. Furthermore, the moist particles are less likely to adhere to the inner wall of the equipment, further preventing blockage and ensuring the stable and efficient operation of the entire fly ash and flue gas integrated treatment equipment. Since the output end of the atomizing nozzle follows the thread direction of the spiral guide column 212, it can also prevent fly ash and flue gas from clogging the atomizing nozzle to a certain extent.

[0067] Example 2, based on Example 1, please refer to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 as well as Figures 8 to 10 As shown, a degradation reaction assembly 3 is disposed below the cyclone separator 12. The degradation reaction assembly 3 includes a reaction cylinder 31 fixedly connected to the inner surface of the support 11. The reaction cylinder 31 is interconnected with the top of the cyclone separator 12. A plasma generator 33 is installed inside the reaction cylinder 31. A flow channel is formed in the middle of the plasma generator 33. The two electrodes of the plasma generator 33 are disposed on both sides of the flow channel. A catalyst block 34 is installed inside the reaction cylinder 31 and below the plasma generator 33. An electric field enhancer 37 is installed below 4. The two electrodes of the electric field enhancer 37 are both located on both sides close to the inner wall of the reaction cylinder 31. A limiting post 35 is provided below the catalyst block 34. A flow divider 36 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the limiting post 35 in a ring-shaped equidistant arrangement. The side of the flow divider 36 away from the limiting post 35 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction cylinder 31. A catalyst block 38 is provided on the outer surface of the limiting post 35. A buckle is snapped below the limiting post 35 to support the catalyst block 38. Both the catalyst block 34 and the catalyst block 38 are made of catalytically active material.

[0068] It should be noted that catalyst block 34 is made of titanium dioxide and has a honeycomb structure, while catalyst block 38 is made of activated carbon fiber. The shapes of the two electrodes of electric field enhancer 37 are adapted to the shape of catalyst block 38. The electrodes of plasma generator 33 are filamentous electrodes. Both the upper and lower sides of plasma generator 33 are equipped with manifold shells 32. The shape of the upper manifold shell 32 is adapted to the top of reaction cylinder 31 and the shape of flow channel. The shape of the lower manifold shell 32 is adapted to the shape of flow channel and catalyst block 34. Electric field enhancer 37 provides a directional electric field of 1-5kV / cm. The two electrodes of electric field enhancer 37 are located on its top, and the high-voltage power supply of electric field enhancer 37 is located below it. The high-voltage power supply and the electrodes are connected by cables.

[0069] Specifically, after the fly ash and flue gas are separated in Example 1, the separated flue gas will enter the reaction cylinder 31 of the degradation reaction component 3 through the top of the cyclone separator 12. Under the continuous and stable pushing action of the external fan, the flue gas flows downward along the axial direction of the reaction cylinder 31. At this time, the plasma generator 33 and the electric field enhancer 37 are started to provide key energy and environmental conditions for the purification treatment of the flue gas.

[0070] The flue gas first passes through the confluence shells 32 on the upper and lower sides of the plasma generator 33. The upper confluence shell 32, with its shape that is compatible with the top of the reaction cylinder 31 and the flow channel, accurately gathers and guides the flue gas entering the reaction cylinder 31 to the flow channel near the plasma generator 33. When the plasma generator 33 is working, a strong electric field is generated between the filament electrodes. Under the action of the strong electric field, the gas medium near the electrodes is ionized, and a large number of high-energy electrons are generated in this process.

[0071] These high-energy electrons are highly reactive, rapidly colliding violently with molecules such as oxygen and water vapor in the flue gas. During these collisions, the outer electrons of the molecules are excited or stripped, generating strong oxidizing substances such as ozone and hydroxyl radicals. These strong oxidizing substances can quickly react chemically with pollutants in the flue gas, performing preliminary oxidative decomposition and breaking down the complex molecular structures of organic pollutants into relatively simpler small molecules, thus initially reducing the pollutant content in the flue gas.

[0072] The flue gas, after initial oxidation and decomposition, continues to flow downwards. At this point, under the continuous action of high-energy electrons generated by plasma generator 33, the catalyst block 34 below is activated. Under normal circumstances, the photocatalytic reaction of titanium dioxide requires excitation by ultraviolet light of a specific wavelength. However, under the excitation of high-energy electrons generated by plasma, titanium dioxide can generate electron-hole pairs even in the visible light band. Holes have a strong oxidizing ability and can oxidize and decompose organic pollutants adsorbed on the surface of catalyst block 34 into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide and water. Meanwhile, electrons quickly react with oxygen to generate superoxide radicals. Superoxide radicals also have a strong oxidizing property and further participate in the degradation process of pollutants, greatly reducing the pollutant content in the flue gas.

[0073] Subsequently, as the preliminarily purified flue gas continues to flow downwards, it encounters the diversion plates 36 arranged in annular intervals on the outer surface of the limiting column 35. The diversion plates 36 evenly disperse the flue gas, allowing it to fully enter the area between the electrode of the electric field enhancer 37 and the catalyst block 38.

[0074] The electric field enhancer 37 generates a directional electric field. Under the action of this directional electric field, charged particles and pollutant molecules in the flue gas are driven by the electric field force and accelerate towards the catalyst block 38. Since the catalyst block 38 is made of activated carbon fiber, it has an ultra-high specific surface area and good adsorption performance.

[0075] Under the influence of the electric field, pollutant molecules are more easily adsorbed onto the surface of the activated carbon fiber. At the same time, the directional electric field generated by the electric field enhancer 37 can promote the further separation of electron-hole pairs on the surface of the photocatalyst, thereby enhancing the activity of the catalytic reaction.

[0076] Under the combined action of the activated carbon fiber surface and the electric field, the adsorbed pollutant molecules undergo further oxidation decomposition and adsorption removal reactions. The functional groups on the surface of the activated carbon fiber react chemically with the pollutant molecules, transforming them into harmless substances. The presence of the electric field accelerates the reaction and improves the reaction efficiency. Through the synergistic effect of the electric field enhancer 37 and the catalyst block 38, the flue gas is purified a second time, and the pollutant content is further reduced, ultimately meeting the purification emission standards. This achieves highly efficient purification treatment of the flue gas generated by the incinerator. The entire process is closely connected, with each component working in synergy, fully leveraging the purification efficiency of the degradation reaction component 3.

[0077] It should be noted that the catalyst block 38 can be replaced by removing the clip below the limiting post 35.

[0078] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0079] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fly ash flue gas integrated treatment device dedicated to an incinerator, comprising a support (11), a cyclone separator (12) is installed inside the support (11), characterized in that, The support (11) is equipped with a pretreatment component (2), which includes an air intake structure (210) mounted on the surface of the support (11). The air intake structure (210) integrates a heating structure (220), an atomizing structure (240), and a sound wave generator (230). When fly ash and flue gas enter the air intake structure (210), their movement state changes under the guidance of the air intake structure (210), and their residence time inside the air intake structure (210) is shortened. The extension of the time increases the chance of collisions between molecules. At the same time, the heating structure (220) heats the fly ash and flue gas, which increases the activity of molecules and promotes the agglomeration of particles. The sound wave vibration generated by the sound wave generator (230) can further promote the collision and agglomeration between molecules and prevent particles from accumulating in the air intake structure (210). Finally, the atomizing structure (240) sprays water mist to cool the air intake structure (210) and the heating structure (220) to ensure stable operation of the equipment. The air intake structure (210) includes a swirling air intake chamber (211) fixedly connected to the surface of the support (11). A spiral guide column (212) is fixedly connected inside the swirling air intake chamber (211). A swirling port is installed on the top of the swirling air intake chamber (211). The outer edge of the swirling port is tangent to the outer edge of the swirling air intake chamber (211). The side of the swirling port away from the swirling air intake chamber (211) is used to connect with an external incinerator. The bottom of the swirling air intake chamber (211) is connected with a cyclone separator (12). The heating structure (220) includes a heating chamber (221) and a heater (222). The heating chamber (221) is opened in the middle of the inner wall of the swirling air intake chamber (211). The heater (222) is installed inside the heating chamber (221). A degradation reaction assembly (3) is disposed below the cyclone separator (12). The degradation reaction assembly (3) includes a reaction cylinder (31) fixedly connected to the inner surface of the support (11). The reaction cylinder (31) is interconnected with the top of the cyclone separator (12). A plasma generator (33) is installed inside the reaction cylinder (31). A flow channel is opened in the middle of the plasma generator (33). The two electrodes of the plasma generator (33) are disposed on both sides of the flow channel. A catalyst block (34) is installed inside the reaction cylinder (31) and below the plasma generator (33). An electric field enhancer (37) is installed below the reaction cylinder (31). The two electrodes of the electric field enhancer (37) are both located on both sides close to the inner wall of the reaction cylinder (31). A limiting post (35) is provided below the first catalyst block (34). A flow divider (36) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the limiting post (35) in an annular arrangement. The side of the flow divider (36) away from the limiting post (35) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the reaction cylinder (31). A second catalyst block (38) is provided on the outer surface of the limiting post (35). A buckle is snapped below the limiting post (35). The buckle is used to support the second catalyst block (38). Both the first catalyst block (34) and the second catalyst block (38) are made of catalytically active material.

2. The fly ash flue gas integrated treatment device dedicated to the incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The atomizing structure (240) includes a water pump, a water tank, several pipes, several atomizing nozzles, and an external temperature sensor. The water pump and water tank are installed on the outer wall of the bracket (11). The water pump and water tank are connected to each other. All pipes are connected to the water pump. All atomizing nozzles are installed at the bottom of the pipes. The atomizing nozzles and pipes are located inside the spiral guide column (212). The output ends of the atomizing nozzles are inclined in accordance with the thread direction of the spiral guide column (212). The external temperature sensor is installed inside the swirling air inlet chamber (211). The external temperature sensor is electrically connected to the water pump.

3. The integrated fly ash and flue gas treatment equipment for incinerators according to claim 1, characterized in that: An external fan is installed between the swirl inlet and the external incinerator.

4. The fly ash flue gas integrated treatment device dedicated to the incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swirling air inlet chamber (211) and the spiral guide column (212) both gradually contract toward the side near the bottom of the support (11).

5. The fly ash flue gas integrated treatment apparatus for incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sound wave generating device (230) is made of heat-resistant material.

6. A fly ash flue gas integrated treatment apparatus dedicated to an incinerator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The sound wave generating device (230) is a probe type.

7. The fly ash flue gas integrated treatment device dedicated to the incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first catalyst block (34) is made of titanium dioxide and is honeycomb-shaped. The second catalyst block (38) is made of activated carbon fiber. The shapes of the two electrodes of the electric field enhancer (37) are adapted to the shape of the second catalyst block (38). The electrodes of the plasma generator (33) are filamentous electrodes.

8. The fly ash flue gas integrated treatment device dedicated to the incinerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plasma generator (33) is equipped with a manifold (32) on both the upper and lower sides. The shape of the upper manifold (32) is adapted to the top of the reaction cylinder (31) and the shape of the flow channel. The shape of the lower manifold (32) is adapted to the shape of the flow channel and the catalyst block (34).

Images