Intelligent carbon dioxide capture and separation integrated system

Abstract

The invention discloses an intelligent carbon dioxide capture and separation integrated system, which relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide capture and separation, and comprises a gas inlet pretreatment module, a carbon dioxide capture module, a carbon dioxide separation module, an intelligent control system and a gas outlet treatment module, the system is characterized in that the inlet gas pretreatment module is used for pretreating mixed gas containing carbon dioxide. According to the intelligent carbon dioxide capture and separation integrated system, by arranging the gas inlet pretreatment module, impurities in mixed gas can be effectively removed, most particulate matter in the mixed gas is separated through cyclone centrifugal separation, and the filtering area of a folded filter element is greatly increased compared with that of a traditional filter element; honeycomb-shaped activated carbon is filled in activated carbon adsorption, acid gases such as SO-NOx and the like are removed, dust removal and gas removal functions are integrated, the influence of impurities on subsequent trapping and separation processes is avoided, and the stability and the reliability of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide capture and separation, and specifically to an intelligent integrated carbon dioxide capture and separation system. Background Art

[0002] Under the background of intensified global climate change, as one of the main greenhouse gases, the excessive emission of carbon dioxide has become a key factor leading to the rise of global temperature and frequent extreme climates. Data shows that the annual global carbon dioxide emissions in 2023 have exceeded 37 billion tons. As the core means to achieve the "dual carbon" goal, carbon dioxide capture and separation technology can capture, separate and enrich carbon dioxide from industrial emission sources or the atmosphere, reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the source and providing important support for the transformation of the energy structure and ecological environment governance.

[0003] From the perspective of industrial applications, carbon dioxide capture and separation technology can be widely applied to high-energy-consuming industries such as thermal power, steel, and chemical industries. For example, in coal-fired power plants, this technology can capture carbon dioxide in flue gas. The separated high-purity carbon dioxide can be used in fields such as food processing (such as the preparation of carbonated beverages), oilfield enhanced oil recovery, and carbonation of building materials (enhancing the strength of concrete) to achieve the recycling of resources. In the energy field, the captured carbon dioxide can be combined with green hydrogen to synthesize fuels such as methanol and methane to build a "carbon-neutral" energy system and alleviate the dependence on fossil energy. From the aspect of environmental governance, the direct air capture (DAC) technology separates carbon dioxide from the air through the contact of adsorbents and stores it, providing an innovative solution for reducing the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration and curbing global warming.

[0004] For example, the Chinese invention patent with the application number 201510940922.5 discloses a carbon dioxide capture system based on a biphasic absorption system. The rich liquid collected at the bottom of the absorption tower is divided into upper and lower layers. The upper layer of the rich liquid that does not contain a high concentration of carbon dioxide re-enters the absorption tower through the second outlet of the absorption tower, the inlet of the circulation pump, the circulation pump, the outlet of the circulation pump, the inlet of the first cooler, the first cooler, and the second inlet of the absorption tower for recycling; only the lower layer of the rich liquid rich in carbon dioxide enters the desorption tower through the third outlet of the absorption tower, the rich liquid pump, the heat exchanger, and the first inlet of the desorption tower for desorption, thereby reducing the scale of the desorption tower, saving energy, reducing costs, and being able to capture high-purity carbon dioxide. However, there are still certain defects in its system; In the gas pretreatment section, the gas is treated by the absorption tower. Traditional absorption towers usually use a single absorbent or a simple spray absorption method, which cannot separate impurities in the gas more efficiently, affecting the overall efficiency of the carbon dioxide capture and separation system.

[0005] Therefore, we propose an intelligent integrated system for carbon dioxide capture and separation to solve the problems raised above. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an intelligent integrated system for carbon dioxide capture and separation to solve the problem in the above background technology that in the pretreatment section of gas, when the gas is processed by an absorption tower, traditional absorption towers usually use a single absorbent or a simple spray absorption method, which cannot separate impurities in the gas more efficiently, affecting the overall efficiency of the carbon dioxide capture and separation system.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an intelligent integrated system for carbon dioxide capture and separation, including an intake air pretreatment module, a carbon dioxide capture module, a carbon dioxide separation module, an intelligent control system, and an outlet gas treatment module. The intake air pretreatment module pre-treats the mixed gas containing carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide capture module is used to capture carbon dioxide in the pre-treated mixed gas containing carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide separation module separates and purifies the carbon dioxide after capture. The outlet gas treatment module is used to treat and discharge the remaining gas after separation and purification. The intelligent control system is used to control and monitor the intake air pretreatment module, the carbon dioxide capture module, the carbon dioxide separation module, and the outlet gas treatment module. A storage and transportation module is connected to the carbon dioxide separation module, and the storage and transportation module is used to store the separated carbon dioxide underground.

[0008] Preferably, the intake air pretreatment module includes a filter, a cooler, and a humidity regulator. The filter adopts a three-stage filtering mechanism of cyclone centrifugal separation, folded filter element, and activated carbon adsorption. The filter is used to filter solid particle impurities in the mixed gas and reduce the floor area. The cooler is used to reduce the temperature of the mixed gas, and the humidity regulator is used to adjust the humidity of the mixed gas to a preset range.

[0009] Preferably, the carbon dioxide capture module adopts the chemical absorption method, including an absorption tower, an absorbent circulation pump, and a rich liquid storage tank. Multiple layers of packing are arranged in the absorption tower. The absorbent circulation pump is used to transport the absorbent from the rich liquid storage tank to the top of the absorption tower, so that the absorbent contacts the mixed gas countercurrently in the absorption tower to absorb carbon dioxide. The rich liquid storage tank is used to store the rich liquid that has absorbed carbon dioxide.

[0010] Preferably, the absorbent is an organic amine solution. A pH value monitoring module and a temperature monitoring module are arranged inside the absorption tower. The pH value monitoring module and the temperature monitoring module are connected to an intelligent control system. The intelligent control system monitors the pH value and temperature inside the absorption tower through the pH value monitoring module and the temperature monitoring module, and controls the flow rate of the absorbent circulation pump to adjust the contact time between the absorbent and the mixed gas and the absorption effect.

[0011] Preferably, the carbon dioxide separation module includes a desorption tower, a reboiler and a lean liquid storage tank. The desorption tower is used for heating and desorbing the rich liquid to release carbon dioxide gas. The reboiler provides heat for the desorption tower. The lean liquid storage tank is used for storing the lean liquid obtained after desorption and transporting it back to the absorption tower through a lean liquid circulation pump for repeated use. The intelligent control system monitors the pressure and temperature inside the desorption tower and controls the heating power of the reboiler to optimize the desorption process.

[0012] Preferably, the desorption tower is provided with a main tower and a sub-tower. The rich liquid is conventionally desorbed through the main tower, and the reboiler provides heat. A heat pump evaporation section is arranged at the top of the sub-tower, and the secondary steam discharged from the main tower is used as a heat source to desorb the residual carbon dioxide in the rich liquid, reduce the energy consumption of the reboiler, and improve the overall thermal efficiency of the system.

[0013] Preferably, the intelligent control system includes a sensor group, a controller and an actuator group. The sensor group includes temperature sensors, pressure sensors, concentration sensors and flow sensors arranged in each module, which are used to collect system operation parameters in real time. The controller is used to receive the data collected by the sensor group and generate control instructions according to the preset control strategy. The actuator group includes various valves, pumps and motors, which are used to adjust the system operation state according to the instructions of the controller.

[0014] Preferably, the controller adopts a fuzzy PID control algorithm and automatically adjusts the flow rates of the absorbent circulation pump and the lean liquid circulation pump and the heating power of the reboiler according to the parameters such as carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and pressure collected.

[0015] Preferably, the gas outlet treatment module includes a tail gas purification device and a fan. The tail gas purification device is used to remove harmful substances in the remaining gas, and the fan is used to discharge the treated gas into the atmosphere. The intelligent control system monitors the concentration of harmful substances in the tail gas and controls the operation parameters of the tail gas purification device.

[0016] Preferably, a data storage and analysis module is arranged in the intelligent control system, which is used to store the data collected by the sensor group, analyze the data, generate a system operation report, and provide a basis for the optimization and improvement of the system.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This intelligent integrated carbon dioxide capture and separation system: 1. By setting up an intake pre-treatment module, impurities in the mixed gas can be effectively removed. Cyclone centrifugal separation separates most of the particulate matter in the mixed gas. The filtration area of the folded filter element is greatly increased compared to that of the traditional filter element. Honeycomb activated carbon is filled in the activated carbon adsorption to remove acidic gases such as SO2 and NOx. The functions of dust removal and gas removal are integrated to avoid the influence of impurities on the subsequent capture and separation processes, and improve the stability and reliability of the system. 2. The intelligent control system adopts the fuzzy PID control algorithm, which can adjust the control parameters in real time according to the operating conditions of the system, realize the intelligent operation of the system, and improve the adaptability and operating efficiency of the system. 3. The data storage and analysis module can store and analyze the system operation data, provide data support for the optimization and improvement of the system, and help to further improve the performance of the system. 4. The carbon dioxide separation module includes a desorption tower, a reboiler and a lean liquid storage tank. The desorption tower is used to heat and desorb the rich liquid to release carbon dioxide gas. The reboiler provides heat for the desorption tower. The lean liquid storage tank is used to store the lean liquid obtained after desorption and is transported back to the absorption tower through the lean liquid circulation pump for reuse. The intelligent control system controls the heating power of the reboiler by monitoring the pressure and temperature in the desorption tower to optimize the desorption process. Description of the Drawings

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the working process of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the system module of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0019] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] Embodiment 1 Please refer to Figure 1 - Figure 2, the present invention provides a technical solution: an intelligent integrated carbon dioxide capture and separation system, including an intake pre-treatment module, a carbon dioxide capture module, a carbon dioxide separation module, an intelligent control system, and an outlet gas treatment module. The intake pre-treatment module pre-treats the mixed gas containing carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide capture module is used to capture the carbon dioxide in the pre-treated mixed gas containing carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide separation module separates and purifies the captured carbon dioxide. The outlet gas treatment module is used to treat and discharge the remaining gas after separation and purification. The intelligent control system is used to control and monitor the intake pre-treatment module, the carbon dioxide capture module, the carbon dioxide separation module, and the outlet gas treatment module; A carbon dioxide storage and transportation module is connected to the carbon dioxide separation module, and the carbon dioxide storage and transportation module is used to store the separated carbon dioxide underground.

[0021] The intake pre-treatment module includes a filter, a cooler, and a humidity regulator. The filter adopts a three-stage filtration mechanism of cyclone centrifugal separation, folded filter element, and activated carbon adsorption. The filter is used to filter solid particle impurities in the mixed gas and reduce the floor area. The cooler is used to reduce the temperature of the mixed gas, and the humidity regulator is used to adjust the humidity of the mixed gas to a preset range.

[0022] The carbon dioxide capture module adopts the chemical absorption method, including an absorption tower, an absorbent circulation pump, and a rich liquid storage tank. Multiple layers of packing are arranged in the absorption tower. The absorbent circulation pump is used to transport the absorbent from the rich liquid storage tank to the top of the absorption tower, so that the absorbent contacts the mixed gas countercurrently in the absorption tower to absorb carbon dioxide. The rich liquid storage tank is used to store the rich liquid that has absorbed carbon dioxide.

[0023] The absorbent is an organic amine solution. A pH value monitoring module and a temperature monitoring module are arranged inside the absorption tower. The pH value monitoring module and the temperature monitoring module are connected to the intelligent control system. The intelligent control system monitors the pH value and temperature in the absorption tower through the pH value monitoring module and the temperature monitoring module, and controls the flow rate of the absorbent circulation pump to adjust the contact time and absorption effect between the absorbent and the mixed gas.

[0024] The carbon dioxide separation module includes a desorption tower, a reboiler, and a lean liquid storage tank. The desorption tower is used to heat and desorb the rich liquid to release carbon dioxide gas. The reboiler provides heat for the desorption tower. The lean liquid storage tank is used to store the lean liquid obtained after desorption and is transported back to the absorption tower through a lean liquid circulation pump for reuse. The intelligent control system controls the heating power of the reboiler by monitoring the pressure and temperature in the desorption tower to optimize the desorption process.

[0025] The intelligent control system includes a sensor group, a controller, and an actuator group. The sensor group includes temperature sensors, pressure sensors, concentration sensors, and flow sensors installed in each module, which are used to collect the system operation parameters in real time. The controller is used to receive the data collected by the sensor group and generate control instructions according to the preset control strategy. The actuator group includes various valves, pumps, and motors, which are used to adjust the system operation state according to the instructions of the controller.

[0026] The controller adopts the fuzzy PID control algorithm and automatically adjusts the flow rates of the absorbent circulation pump and the lean liquid circulation pump, as well as the heating power of the reboiler according to the parameters such as carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, and pressure collected.

[0027] The outlet gas treatment module includes a tail gas purification device and a fan. The tail gas purification device is used to remove harmful substances in the remaining gas, and the fan is used to discharge the treated gas into the atmosphere. The intelligent control system controls the operation parameters of the tail gas purification device by monitoring the concentration of harmful substances in the tail gas.

[0028] A data storage and analysis module is set in the intelligent control system, which is used to store the data collected by the sensor group, analyze the data, generate a system operation report, and provide a basis for the optimization and improvement of the system.

[0029] Working process of the inlet gas pretreatment module: The mixed gas first enters the filter, and most of the particulate matter in the mixed gas is separated by cyclone centrifugation. The filtration area of the folded filter element is greatly increased compared with that of the traditional filter element. The honeycomb activated carbon is filled in the activated carbon adsorption to remove acidic gases such as SO2 and NOx. The filtered gas enters the cooler. The cooler adopts the air-cooling or water-cooling method to reduce the temperature of the mixed gas to the required temperature range. Then, the gas enters the humidity regulator. The humidity regulator adjusts the humidity of the mixed gas to the preset temperature range by spraying or absorbing moisture into the gas to meet the working requirements of the subsequent carbon dioxide capture module.

[0030] Working process of the carbon dioxide capture module: The pretreated mixed gas enters from the bottom of the absorption tower. The absorbent circulation pump transports the organic amine absorbent in the rich liquid storage tank to the top of the absorption tower. The absorbent flows downward along the surface of the packing under the action of gravity and contacts the rising mixed gas countercurrently. During the contact process, a chemical reaction occurs between the organic amine solution and carbon dioxide, thereby realizing the capture of carbon dioxide. The intelligent control system real-time monitors the pH value and temperature in the tower through the pH value sensor and temperature sensor installed in the absorption tower. When the pH value drops to a certain degree or the temperature rises beyond the preset value, the controller issues an instruction to adjust the flow rate of the absorbent circulation pump and increase the supply of the absorbent to ensure the absorption effect. The rich liquid that has absorbed carbon dioxide flows out from the bottom of the absorption tower and enters the rich liquid storage tank.

[0031] Working process of the carbon dioxide separation module: The rich liquid in the rich liquid storage tank is transported to the top of the desorption tower through a pipeline. In the desorption tower, the rich liquid is heated under the action of the heat provided by the reboiler, and carbon dioxide is desorbed from the rich liquid, forming carbon dioxide gas that is discharged from the top of the desorption tower; the reboiler uses the waste heat recovery device to recover the waste heat generated by other equipment in the system, such as the waste heat in the production process and the waste heat of the engine exhaust gas, etc., to provide heat for the desorption process and reduce energy consumption; the intelligent control system monitors the data of the pressure sensor and temperature sensor in the desorption tower. When the pressure or temperature deviates from the preset value, the controller issues an instruction to adjust the heating power of the reboiler, optimize the desorption process, and improve the separation efficiency of carbon dioxide; the lean liquid obtained after desorption flows out from the bottom of the desorption tower, enters the lean liquid storage tank, and is re-transported back to the absorption tower through the lean liquid circulation pump to realize the recycling of the absorbent.

[0032] Working process of the intelligent control system The sensor group real-time collects parameters such as temperature, pressure, concentration, and flow rate of each module of the system, and transmits the data to the controller. The controller uses the fuzzy PID control algorithm to process and analyze the collected data. For example, when it is detected that the carbon dioxide concentration in the absorption tower is higher than the set value, the controller adjusts the PID parameters according to the fuzzy rules and issues an instruction to increase the flow rate of the absorbent circulation pump; when the pressure in the desorption tower is too high, the controller adjusts the heating power of the reboiler to reduce the desorption speed and stabilize the pressure; the actuator group accurately controls the opening of various valves, the rotation speed of the pump, and the operating state of the motor according to the instructions of the controller to realize the intelligent control of the system.

[0033] Working process of the gas outlet treatment module: The remaining gas discharged from the carbon dioxide separation module enters the tail gas purification device. The tail gas purification device adopts the adsorption and catalytic oxidation treatment process according to the components of harmful substances in the gas to remove the harmful gases and particulate matters therein; the intelligent control system monitors the data of the harmful substance concentration sensor at the outlet of the tail gas purification device. When the concentration exceeds the emission standard, the controller issues an instruction to adjust the operating parameters of the tail gas purification device, such as increasing the dosage of the adsorbent and raising the catalytic reaction temperature, to ensure that the treated gas meets the emission standards; the treated gas is discharged into the atmosphere through the exhaust pipeline under the action of the fan.

[0034] Working process of the data storage and analysis module: The data storage and analysis module receives the data collected by the sensor group in real time and stores it in the database; during the operation of the system, this module analyzes the stored data, such as calculating the carbon dioxide capture efficiency, the energy consumption of the system, the change trend of the operating parameters of each device, etc.; through data analysis, a system operation report is generated, which includes information such as the evaluation of the system operation status, existing problems, and optimization suggestions; technicians can optimize and improve the system according to the operation report to improve the performance and economic benefits of the system.

[0035] Embodiment 2 The present invention provides a technical solution: an intelligent carbon dioxide capture and separation integrated system, including an intake air pretreatment module, a carbon dioxide capture module, a carbon dioxide separation module, an intelligent control system, and an outlet gas treatment module. The difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that: The desorption tower is provided with a main tower and a secondary tower. The rich liquid is conventionally desorbed by the main tower, and the reboiler provides heat. A heat pump evaporation section is arranged at the top of the secondary tower, and the secondary steam discharged from the main tower is used as a heat source to desorb the residual carbon dioxide in the rich liquid, reduce the energy consumption of the reboiler, and improve the overall thermal efficiency of the system.

[0036] The content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the prior art well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0037] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An intelligent integrated system for carbon dioxide capture and separation, comprising an intake air pretreatment module, a carbon dioxide capture module, a carbon dioxide separation module, an intelligent control system, and an outlet gas treatment module, characterized in that: The intake pre-treatment module pre-treats the mixed gas containing carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide capture module is used to capture the carbon dioxide in the pre-treated mixed gas containing carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide separation module separates and purifies the carbon dioxide on the captured side. The outlet gas treatment module is used to treat the remaining gas after separation and purification and then discharge it. The intelligent control system is used to control and monitor the intake pre-treatment module, the carbon dioxide capture module, the carbon dioxide separation module, and the outlet gas treatment module; A storage and transportation module is connected to the carbon dioxide separation module. The storage and transportation module is used to store the separated carbon dioxide underground.

2. The integrated intelligent carbon dioxide capture and separation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intake pre-treatment module includes a filter, a cooler, and a humidity regulator. The filter adopts a three-stage filtering mechanism of cyclone centrifugal separation, folded filter element, and activated carbon adsorption. The filter is used to filter solid particle impurities in the mixed gas and reduce the floor area. The cooler is used to lower the temperature of the mixed gas, and the humidity regulator is used to adjust the humidity of the mixed gas to a preset range.

3. The integrated intelligent carbon dioxide capture and separation system according to claim 1, wherein: The carbon dioxide capture module adopts the chemical absorption method and includes an absorption tower, an absorbent circulation pump, and a rich liquid storage tank. Multiple layers of packing are arranged in the absorption tower. The absorbent circulation pump is used to transport the absorbent from the rich liquid storage tank to the top of the absorption tower, so that the absorbent contacts the mixed gas countercurrently in the absorption tower to absorb carbon dioxide. The rich liquid storage tank is used to store the rich liquid that has absorbed carbon dioxide.

4. The intelligent integrated carbon dioxide capture and separation system according to claim 3, wherein: The absorbent is an organic amine solution. A pH value monitoring module and a temperature monitoring module are arranged inside the absorption tower. The pH value monitoring module and the temperature monitoring module are connected to the intelligent control system. The intelligent control system monitors the pH value and temperature inside the absorption tower through the pH value monitoring module and the temperature monitoring module, and controls the flow rate of the absorbent circulation pump to adjust the contact time between the absorbent and the mixed gas.

5. The intelligent integrated carbon dioxide capture and separation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide separation module includes a desorption tower, a reboiler, and a lean liquid storage tank. The desorption tower is used to heat and desorb the rich liquid to release carbon dioxide gas. The reboiler provides heat for the desorption tower. The lean liquid storage tank is used to store the lean liquid obtained after desorption and is transported back to the absorption tower for reuse through a lean liquid circulation pump. The intelligent control system controls the heating power of the reboiler by monitoring the pressure and temperature inside the desorption tower to optimize the desorption process.

6. The intelligent integrated carbon dioxide capture and separation system according to claim 5, wherein: The desorption tower is provided with a main tower and a sub-tower. The rich liquid is conventionally desorbed through the main tower, and the reboiler provides heat. A heat pump evaporation section is arranged at the top of the sub-tower, and the secondary steam discharged from the main tower is used as a heat source to desorb the residual carbon dioxide in the rich liquid, reduce the energy consumption of the reboiler, and improve the overall thermal efficiency of the system.

7. The integrated intelligent carbon dioxide capture and separation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control system includes a sensor group, a controller, and an actuator group. The sensor group includes temperature sensors, pressure sensors, concentration sensors, and flow sensors arranged in each module, which are used to collect the system operation parameters in real time. The controller is used to receive the data collected by the sensor group and generate control instructions according to the preset control strategy. The actuator group includes various valves, pumps, and motors, which are used to adjust the system operation state according to the instructions of the controller.

8. The intelligent integrated carbon dioxide capture and separation system according to claim 7, wherein: The controller adopts a fuzzy PID control algorithm and automatically adjusts the flow rates of the absorbent circulation pump and the lean liquid circulation pump as well as the heating power of the reboiler according to the collected carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, and pressure parameters.

9. The integrated intelligent carbon dioxide capture and separation system according to claim 1, wherein: The outlet gas treatment module includes a tail gas purification device and a blower. The tail gas purification device is used to remove harmful substances in the remaining gas, and the blower is used to discharge the treated gas into the atmosphere. The intelligent control system controls the operating parameters of the tail gas purification device by monitoring the concentration of harmful substances in the tail gas.

10. The integrated intelligent carbon dioxide capture and separation system according to claim 1, wherein: A data storage and analysis module is set in the intelligent control system, which is used to store the data collected by the sensor group, analyze the data, generate a system operation report, and provide a basis for the optimization and improvement of the system.

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