Multi-duct spiral-flow type activated carbon production device and activated carbon production method

Abstract

The multi-duct spiral-flow type activated carbon production device comprises a furnace body, a furnace cavity is formed in the furnace body, the cross section of the furnace cavity is circular, the furnace cavity comprises a reaction cavity and a diffusion cavity which are vertically communicated, the reaction cavity is located on the lower portion of the furnace body, the diffusion cavity is located on the upper portion of the furnace body, and the diameter of the diffusion cavity is larger than that of the reaction cavity; a plurality of ducts are distributed on the lower portion of the outer side wall of the furnace body in the circumferential direction, the discharging end of each duct is communicated with the furnace cavity, and the outlet direction of each duct is parallel to the tangential direction of the connecting position of the duct and the inner side wall of the furnace body so that raw materials and inlet gas can enter the furnace cavity in the tangential direction of the inner side wall of the furnace body; a tail gas backflow port and a tail gas exhaust port are sequentially formed in the side wall, defining the diffusion cavity, of the furnace body from bottom to top; and a product discharge pipe is arranged on the furnace body. The activation reaction is more uniform, and raw material particles with smaller particle sizes can be activated, so that the utilization rate of the raw materials is improved; the tail gas is recycled, the carbon dioxide concentration and the water vapor content of an activating agent in the furnace chamber are increased, the activation reaction is accelerated, the water consumption is reduced, the cost is saved, the smaller furnace body size can be adopted, and energy conservation and environmental protection are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of activated carbon production, and specifically relates to a multi-duct swirling activated carbon production device and an activated carbon production method. Background Art

[0002] At present, the furnace types used in domestic activated carbon production are mainly Slep activation furnaces and multi-stage activation furnaces. Their basic principles all belong to the fixed-bed process, that is, the materials are relatively stationary, and the activation gas flows. Gas-solid contact occurs through molecular diffusion to initiate the activation reaction, and heat exchange and transfer occur through gas flow and radiation. Both heat transfer and mass transfer operate in an inefficient state. The main problems are as follows:

[0003] ①. The reaction rate is slow, the activation time is long, and the efficiency is low, resulting in the need to use larger equipment to meet production requirements; it is impossible to ensure that all sides of the raw materials are evenly activated;

[0004] ②. The heat transfer and mass transfer are inefficient, and the effective utilization rate of the steam used in the activation reaction is low, resulting in a huge waste of water resources;

[0005] ③. The product channels and the activation gas channels are built with special-shaped refractory bricks, which are very narrow and prone to blockage. Therefore, there are strict requirements for the particle size of the materials entering the furnace, resulting in a reduction in the utilization rate of raw materials and an increase in material costs;

[0006] ④. Due to the large size of the equipment, the heat loss is huge, resulting in a huge waste of resources and an increase in carbon emissions. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a multi-duct swirling activated carbon production device, which solves the technical problems such as low efficiency existing in the existing activated carbon activation reaction.

[0008] To solve the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a multi-duct swirling activated carbon production device, including a furnace body. The furnace body has a furnace cavity, and the cross-section of the furnace cavity is circular. The furnace cavity includes a reaction cavity and a diffusion cavity that are connected up and down. The reaction cavity is located in the lower part of the furnace body, and the diffusion cavity is located in the upper part of the furnace body. The diameter of the diffusion cavity is larger than that of the reaction cavity;

[0009] A plurality of ducts are circumferentially distributed on the lower part of the outer side wall of the furnace body. The discharge end of each duct is connected to the furnace cavity, and the outlet direction of each duct is parallel to the tangent direction at the connection position of the duct on the inner side wall of the furnace body, so that the raw materials and the incoming gas enter the furnace cavity along the tangent direction of the inner side wall of the furnace body;

[0010] On the side walls of the furnace body that enclose the diffusion chamber, a tail gas return port and a tail gas discharge port are successively opened from bottom to top; the number of tail gas return ports is the same as the number of ducts, and the tail gas return ports and the ducts are connected in one-to-one correspondence through return pipes; a product discharge pipe is arranged on the furnace body, one end of the product discharge pipe is communicated with the furnace chamber, and the other end of the product discharge pipe is connected to a product collection device outside the furnace body.

[0011] Optionally, a discharge port is opened on the side wall of the furnace body, and a product discharge pipe is connected at the discharge port.

[0012] Optionally, the discharge port is located at the diffusion chamber and is below the tail gas return port.

[0013] Optionally, the product discharge pipe is arranged in the furnace body in a liftable manner, and the upper feed port of the product discharge pipe is located in the upper part of the reaction chamber or the diffusion chamber.

[0014] Optionally, the axis of the product discharge pipe coincides with the axis of the furnace chamber.

[0015] Optionally, a perforation for the product discharge pipe to pass through movably is opened on the bottom wall of the furnace body.

[0016] Optionally, a lifting driver is arranged at the lower part of the furnace body, and the lifting driver is used to drive the product discharge pipe to move up and down.

[0017] Optionally, the ducts include a steam duct and an air duct. Superheated steam and raw materials are introduced into the steam duct, and high-temperature air is introduced into the air duct.

[0018] Optionally, the steam duct and the air duct are circumferentially and alternately distributed on the furnace body.

[0019] Another object of the present invention is to provide an activated carbon production method. Using the multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device described above, the production method is to introduce raw materials and incoming gas into the furnace chamber along the tangential direction of the inner side wall of the furnace body through the ducts. The incoming gas and raw materials carry out a swirling motion from bottom to top in the furnace chamber while undergoing an activation reaction. The light materials after the activation reaction are discharged through the product discharge pipe to the product collection device for collection, and the heavier materials fall back to the bottom of the furnace chamber to continue the activation after entering the diffusion chamber; a part of the tail gas after the activation reaction is discharged from the tail gas discharge port at the upper part of the furnace chamber, and another part of the tail gas returns to the bottom of the furnace chamber through the tail gas return port and the return pipe to continue to participate in the activation reaction; the incoming gas therein includes preheated superheated steam and high-temperature air; the tail gas contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0021] The activated carbon production device adopted in the present invention uses multiple ducts and feeds materials tangentially along the inner sidewall of the furnace body, enabling the entering gas and raw materials to swirl and mix in the furnace cavity, achieving more thorough mixing and more uniform activation reaction; realizing multiple activation reactions of the raw materials, and being able to activate even the raw material particles with smaller particle sizes, improving the utilization rate of the raw materials; realizing the recycling of tail gas, increasing the concentration of activator carbon dioxide and the water vapor content in the furnace cavity, accelerating the activation reaction, reducing water consumption, saving costs, and enabling a smaller furnace body volume, which is energy-saving and environmentally friendly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-duct swirl type activated carbon production device in Embodiment 1;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a top view schematic diagram of the multi-duct swirl type activated carbon production device in Embodiment 1;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the multi-duct swirl type activated carbon production device in Embodiment 2.

[0025] Reference numerals: 1, furnace body; 11, furnace cavity; 111, reaction cavity; 112, diffusion cavity; 12, tail gas reflux port; 13, product discharge pipe; 14, tail gas discharge port; 15, perforation; 2, duct; 3, reflux pipeline. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0026] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments.

[0027] Embodiment 1: As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device, including a furnace body 1. There is a furnace cavity 11 inside the furnace body 1. The cross-section of the furnace cavity 11 is circular. The furnace cavity 11 includes a reaction cavity 111 and a diffusion cavity 112 that are connected up and down. The reaction cavity 111 is located at the lower part of the furnace body 1, and the diffusion cavity 112 is located at the upper part of the furnace body 1. The diameter of the diffusion cavity 112 is larger than that of the reaction cavity 111. A number of ducts 2 are circumferentially distributed at the lower part of the outer side wall of the furnace body 1. The discharge end of each duct 2 is connected to the furnace cavity 11. The outlet direction of each duct 2 is parallel to the tangent direction at the connection position of the duct 2 on the inner side wall of the furnace body 1, so that the raw materials and the incoming gas enter the furnace cavity 11 along the tangent direction of the inner side wall of the furnace body 1. On the side wall of the furnace body 1 that encloses the diffusion cavity 112, a tail gas return port 12 and a tail gas discharge port 14 are successively opened from bottom to top. The number of the tail gas return ports 12 is the same as that of the ducts 2, and the tail gas return ports 12 and the ducts 2 are connected in one-to-one correspondence through a return pipeline 3. The tail gas discharge port 14 is connected to a tail gas treatment system. A product discharge pipe 13 is provided on the furnace body 1. One end of the product discharge pipe 13 is connected to the furnace cavity 11, and the other end of the product discharge pipe 13 is connected to a product collection device outside the furnace body 1.

[0028] Through the above settings, by adopting multi-duct 2 for air intake and feeding, the efficiency is improved. The raw materials, preheated superheated steam and high-temperature air are sent into the furnace cavity 11 along the tangent direction of the inner side wall of the furnace body 1 through the ducts 2. The incoming gas drives the raw materials to do circular swirl motion from bottom to top in the furnace cavity 11. The activation gas and the raw materials form a gas-solid mixture in the vortex motion, so as to quickly initiate the activation reaction, and make the heat transfer and mass transfer in the reaction process proceed under a state close to the extreme. During the movement process, the superheated steam reacts with the raw materials to initiate the activation reaction. As the activation reaction continues, gas is continuously released from the raw materials, resulting in a continuous decrease in the density of the raw materials and a lighter mass. The light raw materials move upward with the incoming gas to the upper part of the furnace cavity 11, and then are discharged into the product collection device through the product discharge pipe 13, which is the product. When the CO gas, H2 gas generated after the activation reaction and the fine powder in the raw materials flow upward to the diffusion cavity 112 under the drive of the incoming gas, due to the increase in the diameter of the furnace cavity 11, the gas flow rate suddenly decreases, the superheated steam and air lose kinetic energy, and the heavier raw materials fall back to the reaction cavity 111 due to gravity to continue to participate in the activation reaction until they become lighter and are discharged from the product discharge pipe 13.

[0029] Part of the CO gas and H2 gas are brought back to the bottom of the furnace cavity 11 by the superheated steam and air through the tail gas reflux port 12 and the reflux pipeline 3 to participate in combustion and release heat, thus maintaining the internal heat balance of the furnace. The other part of the CO gas and H2 gas are discharged through the tail gas outlet 14. The combustible activated tail gas is recycled, reducing burnout and improving the utilization rate of raw materials; the hydrogen returning to the bottom of the furnace cavity 11 reacts with oxygen to generate water, increasing the concentration of water vapor and improving the utilization rate of water vapor. The water consumption is reduced by 50% compared with the existing situation, reducing consumption; the CO gas returning to the bottom of the furnace cavity 11 reacts with oxygen to generate carbon dioxide gas as an activator for reaction, thus increasing the concentration of the activator and accelerating the speed of the activation reaction. The duct 2, as a Venturi ejector, uses the pressure of superheated steam and air to eject the tail gas generated after the activation reaction to the bottom of the furnace cavity 11 through the tail gas reflux port 12 and the reflux pipeline 3 for combustion, reducing raw material burnout and increasing the product yield.

[0030] During the swirling movement of the raw materials, there will also be the action of forces such as collision and obstruction between the raw materials, resulting in complex physical movements such as rotation and jumping of the raw materials, ensuring that the outer surfaces of the raw materials can be evenly activated; at the same time, sufficient heat exchange occurs between the activation gas, the raw materials, and the refractory material on the inner side wall of the furnace body 1 enclosing the furnace cavity 11, ensuring the continuous progress of the reaction.

[0031] The multi-duct swirling activated carbon production device of this embodiment applies the eddy current principle technology to the activated carbon manufacturing process, and conducts heat exchange and mass exchange during the activation reaction in an eddy current state, greatly shortening the activation time and significantly improving the activation efficiency; the multi-duct swirling activated carbon production device of this embodiment has a wide applicability. Currently, the activation furnace can only process granular materials with a particle size > 3mm. The activation furnace of this embodiment can process screened marginal materials such as granular materials and powdered materials with a particle size below 3mm, improving the resource utilization efficiency; it has a wide adaptability and can be applied in processes such as coal quality, biomass, and regeneration.

[0032] In the multi-duct swirling activated carbon production device of this embodiment, a discharge port is provided on the side wall of the furnace body 1, and a product discharge pipe 13 is connected to the discharge port. The light materials enter the product discharge pipe 13 through the discharge port and finally enter the product collection device through the product discharge pipe 13 to obtain the product.

[0033] In the multi-duct swirling activated carbon production device of this embodiment, the discharge port is located at the diffusion cavity 112 and is below the tail gas reflux port 12.

[0034] In the multi-duct swirling activated carbon production device of this embodiment, the steam duct 2 and the air duct 2 are circumferentially and alternately distributed on the furnace body 1.

[0035] Optionally, the ducts 2 are circumferentially and uniformly distributed on the outer sidewall of the furnace body 1, enabling the raw materials and inlet gas in the furnace body 1 to be evenly distributed, making the activation reaction of the raw materials more uniform, and the external force and temperature distribution in the furnace body 1 more balanced. Optionally, the inner layer of the furnace body 1 is a heat-insulating casting layer, and the outer layer of the furnace body 1 is a steel shell. The inlet gas includes preheated superheated steam and high-temperature air; the tail gas contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases

[0036] Embodiment 2: As Figure 3 shown, this embodiment provides a multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device, which is different from that of Embodiment 1 in that, in the multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device of this embodiment, the product discharge pipe 13 is arranged in the furnace body 1 in a liftable manner, and the upper feed inlet of the product discharge pipe 13 is located in the upper part of the reaction chamber 111 or the diffusion chamber 112. With such a setting, by adjusting the height of the upper feed inlet of the product discharge pipe 13, products of different weights can be selectively collected.

[0037] In the multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device of this embodiment, the axis of the product discharge pipe 13 coincides with the axis of the furnace chamber 11. With such a setting, the raw materials and inlet gas in the furnace chamber 11 flow more evenly.

[0038] In the multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device of this embodiment, a perforation 15 for the product discharge pipe 13 to pass through is provided on the bottom wall of the furnace body 1. With such a setting, the structure is simple. After the central pipe is taken out from the perforation 15 of the furnace body 1, the staff can enter the furnace body 1 through the perforation 15 to clean the inside of the furnace body 1. Compared with the method of feeding from the side of the furnace body 1, opening the perforation 15 at the bottom has a lower cost and has less impact on the quality and structural strength of the furnace body 1.

[0039] In the multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device of this embodiment, a lifting driver is arranged at the lower part of the furnace body 1, and the lifting driver is used to drive the product discharge pipe 13 to move up and down. The lifting driver can be realized by a conventional driving mechanism such as a screw drive mechanism.

[0040] In the multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device of this embodiment, the duct 2 includes a steam duct 2 and an air duct 2. Superheated steam and raw materials are introduced into the steam duct 2, and high-temperature air is introduced into the air duct 2.

[0041] Example 3: This example provides a method for producing activated carbon. Using the multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device in Example 1 or Example 2, the production method is to introduce the raw materials and the incoming gas tangentially along the inner wall of the furnace body 1 through the duct 2 into the furnace chamber 11. The incoming gas and the raw materials perform a swirling motion from bottom to top in the furnace chamber 11 while undergoing an activation reaction. The lightweight materials after the activation reaction are discharged through the product discharge pipe 13 to the product collection device for collection. The heavier materials fall back to the bottom of the furnace chamber 11 after entering the diffusion chamber 112 and continue to be activated. A part of the tail gas after the activation reaction is discharged from the tail gas discharge port 14 at the upper part of the furnace chamber 11, and another part of the tail gas flows back to the bottom of the furnace chamber 11 through the tail gas return port 12 and the return pipeline 3 to continue to participate in the activation reaction. The incoming gas includes preheated superheated steam and high-temperature air. The tail gas contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases.

[0042] With such a setting, the raw material materials and the incoming gas are swirled and mixed in the furnace chamber 11, with sufficient mixing, and the activation reaction is efficient and thorough. The heavier materials are refluxed to the bottom of the furnace chamber 11 multiple times in the furnace chamber 11 for multiple activation reactions, with high raw material utilization rate. The tail gas generated after the activation reaction flows back to the bottom of the furnace chamber 11 to participate in the activation reaction, maintaining the thermal balance in the furnace chamber 11, increasing the concentration of the activator carbon dioxide and water vapor, accelerating the speed of the activation reaction, and reducing the water consumption.

Claims

1. A multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device, characterized in that, It includes a furnace body (1) with a furnace cavity (11) inside. The cross-section of the furnace cavity (11) is circular. The furnace cavity (11) includes a reaction cavity (111) and a diffusion cavity (112) that communicate vertically. The reaction cavity (111) is located at the lower part of the furnace body (1), and the diffusion cavity (112) is located at the upper part of the furnace body (1). The diameter of the diffusion cavity (112) is larger than that of the reaction cavity (111). Several ducts (2) are circumferentially distributed at the lower part of the outer sidewall of the furnace body (1). The discharge end of each duct (2) communicates with the furnace cavity (11). The outlet direction of each duct (2) is parallel to the tangent direction at the connection position of the duct (2) on the inner sidewall of the furnace body (1) so that the raw materials and the incoming gas enter the furnace cavity (11) along the tangent direction of the inner sidewall of the furnace body (1). A tail gas return port (12) and a tail gas discharge port (14) are successively arranged from bottom to top on the sidewall of the furnace body (1) that encloses the diffusion cavity (112). The number of the tail gas return ports (12) is the same as that of the ducts (2). The tail gas return ports (12) and the ducts (2) are in one-to-one correspondence and connected through return pipes (3). A product discharge pipe (13) is arranged on the furnace body (1). One end of the product discharge pipe (13) communicates with the furnace cavity (11), and the other end of the product discharge pipe (13) is used to connect to a product collection device outside the furnace body (1).

2. The multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An outlet is provided on the sidewall of the furnace body (1), and the product discharge pipe (13) is connected at the outlet.

3. A multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outlet is located at the diffusion cavity (112) and is below the tail gas return port (12).

4. A multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The product discharge pipe (13) is arranged in the furnace body (1) in a liftable manner. The upper feed port of the product discharge pipe (13) is located in the upper part of the reaction cavity (111) or in the diffusion cavity (112).

5. A multi-duct swirling type activated carbon production device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The axis of the product discharge pipe (13) coincides with the axis of the furnace cavity (11).

6. The multi-duct swirl type activated carbon production device according to claim 4, wherein, A perforation (15) for the product discharge pipe (13) to pass through is provided on the bottom wall of the furnace body (1).

7. The multi-duct swirl type activated carbon production device according to claim 6, wherein, A lifting driver is arranged at the lower part of the furnace body (1), and the lifting driver is used to drive the product discharge pipe (13) to move up and down.

8. A multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The duct (2) includes a steam duct (2) and an air duct (2). Superheated steam and raw materials are introduced into the steam duct (2), and high-temperature air is introduced into the air duct (2).

9. A multi-duct swirl-type activated carbon production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steam ducts (2) and the air ducts (2) are circumferentially and alternately distributed on the furnace body (1).

10. A method for producing activated carbon, characterized in that, Using a multi-duct swirl type activated carbon production device as described in any one of claims 1-9, the production method is to introduce raw materials and incoming gas into the furnace cavity (11) along the tangential direction of the inner side wall of the furnace body (1) through the duct (2). The incoming gas and raw materials carry out an activation reaction while performing a swirling motion from bottom to top in the furnace cavity (11). The light materials after the activation reaction are discharged through the product discharge pipe (13) to the product collection device for collection. The heavier materials fall back to the bottom of the furnace cavity (11) after entering the diffusion cavity (112) and continue to be activated. A part of the tail gas after the activation reaction is discharged from the tail gas discharge port (14) at the upper part of the furnace cavity (11), and another part of the tail gas returns to the bottom of the furnace cavity (11) through the tail gas reflux port (12) and the reflux pipeline (3) to continue to participate in the activation reaction. The incoming gas includes preheated superheated steam and high-temperature air. The tail gas contains hydrogen and carbon monoxide gases.

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