Seismic inversion method and related device based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information

Abstract

The present application provides a seismic inversion method and related device based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information. By obtaining the P-wave velocity curve and density curve data of the entire well section of the horizontal well in the target work area, the corresponding wave impedance data is calculated; based on the P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section and the P-wave impedance data corresponding to the inclined well section, a synthetic seismic record is generated, and well-seismic calibration is performed to obtain well-seismic calibration results; and in combination with the wave impedance data, a well logging response forward equation group is established; based on the convolution theory model, a seismic response forward equation group is established; by combining the two equation groups, a well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group is formed; based on the well-seismic calibration results, wave impedance data and preset seismic horizon interpretation, a low-frequency P-wave impedance model is constructed; using Bayesian inversion theory, the well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group and the low-frequency P-wave impedance model are seismically inverted to obtain a wave impedance inversion solution, thereby improving the accuracy of seismic inversion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of oil and gas exploration and development, and in particular to a seismic inversion method based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information and related devices. Background Art

[0002] Oil and gas exploration refers to the process of finding and evaluating underground oil and gas resources through relevant methods and technical means, including conventional oil and gas exploration and unconventional oil and gas exploration. Among them, the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas (such as shale gas, coalbed methane and tight oil) is more difficult, and usually requires horizontal well technology to increase the reservoir contact area, improve the single well production capacity, and break through the development bottleneck of traditional vertical wells in low-permeability and heterogeneous reservoirs.

[0003] In the existing technology, seismic inversion technology is used to describe reservoir information including reservoir space, reservoir physical property information and reservoir quality. However, how to explicitly utilize logging information and logging information of horizontal sections of horizontal wells is not yet solved by existing seismic inversion technology, which affects the accurate description of heterogeneous reservoirs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present application provides a seismic inversion method and related devices based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information, which are used to improve the description ability of seismic wave impedance inversion for reservoir lateral heterogeneity and solve the problem that horizontal section logging information cannot be used to constrain seismic inversion.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a seismic inversion method based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information, comprising:

[0006] Obtaining the P-wave velocity curve data and density curve data of the full-well logging section of the horizontal well in the target work area, wherein the full-well section of the horizontal well includes the vertical well section, the inclined well section, and the horizontal section;

[0007] Calculate the wave impedance data corresponding to the entire horizontal well section based on the P-wave velocity curve data and the density curve data, wherein the wave impedance data includes the first P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section, the second P-wave impedance data corresponding to the deviated well section, and the third P-wave impedance data corresponding to the horizontal section;

[0008] generating a synthetic seismic record based on the first longitudinal wave impedance data and the second longitudinal wave impedance data;

[0009] According to the synthetic seismic records, well-seismic calibration is performed to obtain the well-seismic calibration results;

[0010] According to the well seismic calibration results and wave impedance data, the forward equations of well logging response are established;

[0011] According to the convolution theory model, the forward equations of earthquake response are established;

[0012] According to the well logging response forward equations and the seismic response forward equations, the well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equations are established;

[0013] A low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model is established based on well-seismic calibration results, wave impedance data, and preset seismic horizon interpretations;

[0014] According to the Bayesian inversion theory, the well-seismic wave impedance forward equations and the low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model are subjected to seismic inversion to obtain the wave impedance inversion solution.

[0015] In one possible implementation, a forward modeling equation set for well logging response is established based on the well seismic calibration results and the wave impedance data, including:

[0016] According to the well-seismic calibration results, the wave impedance data is assigned to the seismic grid passed by the well trajectory to obtain an assigned seismic grid, wherein the assigned seismic grid includes the first P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section, the second P-wave impedance data corresponding to the deviated well section, and the third P-wave impedance data corresponding to the horizontal section;

[0017] According to the assigned seismic grid, the forward equations of well logging response are established.

[0018] In a possible implementation, it is characterized in that the forward equations of the well logging response are:

[0019] [B] n×N ·[m] N×1 =[m obs ] n×1

[0020] Where, [m] N×1 is the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined, and the total number of elements is N. [B] is the forward modeling matrix of the well logging response, and the matrix elements at the assigned locations are 1, and the remaining elements are 0. n is the number of grids to be assigned, and [m obs ] n×1 It is a column vector consisting of the assigned seismic grid logging values.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the seismic response forward equations are:

[0022] [G] N×N ·[m] N×1 =[S] N×1

[0023] Where [G] is the earthquake response forward modeling operator matrix, [m] N×1 is the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined, the total number of elements is N, and [S] is the column vector composed of seismic data arranged longitudinally.

[0024] In one possible implementation, a well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group is established based on the well logging response forward equation group and the seismic response forward equation group, including:

[0025] Vertically concatenate the well logging response forward modeling matrix and the seismic response forward modeling operator matrix to obtain a first matrix;

[0026] Vertically concatenate the column vector composed of the assigned seismic grid logging values ​​and the column vector composed of the seismic data arranged longitudinally to obtain a second matrix;

[0027] Based on the first matrix, the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined, and the second matrix, the well-seismic wave impedance forward equations are established. The formula of the well-seismic wave impedance forward equations is:

[0028] A.m = D

[0029] Where A = , A is the first matrix; m = , m is the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined; D = , D is the second matrix.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the Bayesian inversion solution formula for the wave impedance inversion solution is:

[0031] =

[0032] Where, is the wave impedance inversion solution; is the low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model; is the prior covariance matrix of the wave impedance parameters to be determined; A is the first matrix; is the transposed matrix of the first matrix; is the data error covariance matrix; D is the second matrix.

[0033] In a second aspect, the present application provides a seismic inversion device based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information, comprising:

[0034] An acquisition module is used to acquire the longitudinal wave velocity curve data and density curve data of the horizontal well full-well section logging in the target work area, wherein the horizontal well full-well section includes the vertical well section, the inclined well section and the horizontal section;

[0035] a calculation module, configured to calculate wave impedance data corresponding to the entire horizontal well section based on the P-wave velocity curve data and the density curve data, wherein the wave impedance data includes first P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section, second P-wave impedance data corresponding to the deviated well section, and third P-wave impedance data corresponding to the horizontal section;

[0036] A first processing module is used to generate a synthetic seismic record based on the first longitudinal wave impedance data and the second longitudinal wave impedance data;

[0037] The second processing module is used to perform well seismic calibration based on the synthetic seismic record to obtain the well seismic calibration result;

[0038] The first establishment module is used to establish a well logging response forward equation group based on the well seismic calibration results and wave impedance data;

[0039] The second establishment module is used to establish a set of earthquake response forward equations based on the convolution theory model;

[0040] The third establishment module is used to establish a well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group based on the well logging response forward equation group and the seismic response forward equation group;

[0041] The fourth establishment module is used to establish a low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model based on the well-seismic calibration results, wave impedance data and preset seismic horizon interpretation;

[0042] The inversion module is used to perform seismic inversion on the well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equations and the low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model according to the Bayesian inversion theory to obtain the wave impedance inversion solution.

[0043] In a third aspect, the present application provides a seismic inversion device based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information, comprising: a memory, a processor;

[0044] Memory stores computer-executable instructions;

[0045] The processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the processor executes the above first aspect and / or various possible implementations of the first aspect.

[0046] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer-executable instructions. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, they are used to implement the above first aspect and / or various possible implementation methods of the first aspect.

[0047] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product, comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above first aspect and / or various possible implementations of the first aspect.

[0048] The present application provides a seismic inversion method and related devices based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information. By acquiring the P-wave velocity curve data and density curve data of the full-well logging of the horizontal well in the target work area, the wave impedance data corresponding to the full-well section of the horizontal well is calculated; wherein the full-well section of the horizontal well includes the vertical well section, the inclined well section and the horizontal section; the wave impedance data includes the first P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section, the second P-wave impedance data corresponding to the inclined well section and the third P-wave impedance data corresponding to the horizontal section; based on the first P-wave impedance data and the second P-wave impedance data, a synthetic seismic record is generated, and well-seismic calibration is performed to obtain the well-seismic calibration results; based on the well-seismic calibration results and the wave impedance data, a well logging response forward equation group is established; based on the convolution theory model, a seismic response forward equation group is established; based on the well logging response forward equation group and the seismic response forward equation group, a well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group is established; based on the well logging response forward equation group and the seismic response forward equation group, a low-frequency P-wave impedance model is established based on the well-seismic calibration results, the wave impedance data and the preset seismic layer interpretation; based on the well-seismic calibration results, the wave impedance data and the preset seismic layer interpretation, the low-frequency P-wave impedance model is established; based on the Bayesian inversion theory, the well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group and the low-frequency P-wave impedance model are seismically inverted to obtain the wave impedance inversion solution. Compared with the prior art, the method of the present application can explicitly apply the logging information of the entire horizontal well section to constrain the seismic inversion, thereby effectively improving the accuracy of the seismic inversion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0050] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the seismic inversion system architecture provided in this application;

[0051] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the process of a seismic inversion method based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information provided in this application Figure 1 ;

[0052] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of the reference longitudinal wave impedance model provided in this application;

[0053] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the longitudinal wave impedance curve of the entire horizontal well provided in this application;

[0054] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the overlap between the calibrated well trajectory and the seismic forward modeling profile provided in this application;

[0055] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the composition of the coefficient matrix of the single-channel seismic response forward equation group provided in this application;

[0056] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the composition of the earthquake response forward operator matrix provided in this application;

[0057] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model provided for this application;

[0058] Figure 9 A cross-sectional diagram of the inversion results of the seismic inversion method with explicit constraints on horizontal well information is provided for this application;

[0059] Figure 10 A variance profile of the inversion results of the seismic inversion method with explicit constraints on horizontal well information is provided for this application;

[0060] Figure 11 This is a cross-section of seismic inversion results without the constraint of well logging information;

[0061] Figure 12 The comparison diagram of the well bypass inversion results and the logging curve under different constraint conditions;

[0062] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the process of a seismic inversion method based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information provided in this application Figure 2 ;

[0063] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the composition of the coefficient matrix of the well logging response forward equation group provided in this application;

[0064] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the process of a seismic inversion method based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information provided in this application Figure 3 ;

[0065] Figure 16 A schematic structural diagram of a seismic inversion device based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information provided in this application;

[0066] Figure 17 A schematic structural diagram of a seismic inversion device based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information provided in this application.

[0067] The above drawings illustrate specific embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and the textual description are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, but rather to illustrate the concepts of the present application to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, with examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, identical numerals in different figures represent identical or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present application, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0069] It should be noted that the data involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of relevant data must comply with relevant laws, regulations and standards, and provide corresponding operation entrances for users to choose to authorize or refuse.

[0070] Seismic impedance inversion can infer the impedance distribution of underground rock formations from seismic data, and horizontal well technology can drill horizontally through reservoirs and obtain detailed lithologic and physical property information. Therefore, seismic impedance inversion and horizontal well technology are often used in reservoir description and exploration of unconventional oil and gas resources.

[0071] As the difficulty of oil and gas exploration and development increases, a combination of seismic impedance inversion and horizontal well technology is usually adopted to achieve oil and gas exploration and development. The vertical and inclined sections of horizontal wells are used to constrain seismic impedance inversion to achieve seismic impedance inversion. However, since the depths of the horizontal sections of horizontal wells are repeatedly overlapped in the vertical direction, the reflection coefficient calculation and calibration of the horizontal sections cannot be achieved. As a result, the seismic impedance inversion lacks horizontal well logging information in the horizontal sections, making the seismic impedance inversion less accurate in describing the lateral heterogeneity of the reservoir.

[0072] Based on this, the existing technology lacks the constraints of horizontal logging information, resulting in poor accuracy in the description of lateral heterogeneity of the reservoir by seismic wave impedance inversion, leading to high uncertainty in the description of oil and gas reservoirs in oil and gas exploration and development. Among them, oil and gas reservoirs refer to the accumulation of oil and natural gas with economic exploitation value that is naturally formed in underground rocks.

[0073] In order to solve the above problems, the core concept of the present application is: by obtaining the P-wave velocity curve data and density curve data of the vertical well section, the inclined well section and the horizontal section of the horizontal well in the target work area, the first P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section, the second P-wave impedance data corresponding to the inclined well section and the third P-wave impedance data corresponding to the horizontal section are calculated; based on the first P-wave impedance data and the second P-wave impedance data, a synthetic seismic record is generated, and well-seismic calibration is performed to obtain the well-seismic calibration results and combine them with the first P-wave impedance data, the second P-wave impedance data and the third P-wave impedance data to establish a well logging response forward equation group; based on the convolution theory model, a seismic response forward equation group is established; based on the two equation groups, a well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group is established; based on the well-seismic calibration results, the first P-wave impedance data, the second P-wave impedance data and the third P-wave impedance data and the preset seismic layer interpretation, a low-frequency P-wave impedance model is established; based on the well-seismic calibration results, the well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group and the low-frequency P-wave impedance model are seismically inverted to obtain a wave impedance inversion solution. The method of the present application combines horizontal well technology and seismic inversion technology to integrate information of the entire well section, thereby overcoming the limitations of seismic inversion when processing horizontal well sections. By combining seismic inversion technology and horizontal well technology, the accuracy and reliability of seismic inversion are improved.

[0074] Optionally, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the seismic inversion system architecture provided in this application. Figure 1 As shown, the seismic inversion system architecture includes at least one of a data acquisition device 101 , a processing device 102 and a display device 103 .

[0075] It is understood that the structure illustrated in the embodiments of this application does not constitute a specific limitation on the above architecture. In other feasible implementations of this application, the above architecture may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine or split certain components, or arrange the components differently. The specific configuration can be determined based on the actual application scenario and is not limited here. Figure 1 The components shown can be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0076] In a specific implementation process, the data acquisition device 101 may include an input / output interface and may also include a communication interface. The data acquisition device 101 may be connected to the processing device via the input / output interface or the communication interface.

[0077] The processing device 102 can calculate the wave impedance data corresponding to the entire well section of the horizontal well based on the P-wave velocity curve data and the density curve data, wherein the wave impedance data includes the first P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section, the second P-wave impedance data corresponding to the deviated well section, and the third P-wave impedance data corresponding to the horizontal section; generate a synthetic seismic record based on the first P-wave impedance data and the second P-wave impedance data; perform well seismic calibration based on the synthetic seismic record to obtain a well seismic calibration result; establish a well logging response forward equation group based on the well seismic calibration result and the wave impedance data; and Convolution theory model is used to establish a group of seismic response forward equations; based on the well logging response forward equations and the seismic response forward equations, a group of well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equations is established; based on the well-seismic calibration results, wave impedance data and preset seismic layer interpretations, a low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model is established; based on the Bayesian inversion theory, the group of well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equations and the low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model are seismically inverted to obtain the wave impedance inversion solution; thereby realizing the constraint of the full-well section information of the horizontal well on the seismic wave impedance inversion and improving the accuracy of the seismic inversion results.

[0078] The display device 103 may also be a touch screen display or a screen of a terminal device, which is used to receive user instructions while displaying the above content to achieve interaction with the user.

[0079] The following specific embodiments describe in detail the technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above-mentioned technical problems. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0080] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the process of a seismic inversion method based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information provided in this application Figure 1 ,like Figure 2 As shown, the method includes:

[0081] S201. Obtaining longitudinal wave velocity curve data and density curve data of full-well logging of a horizontal well in a target work area, wherein the full-well logging section of the horizontal well includes a vertical well section, a deviated well section, and a horizontal section.

[0082] In this embodiment, a longitudinal wave refers to a wave in which the particle vibration direction is the same as the wave propagation direction when propagating in a medium; the longitudinal wave velocity refers to the velocity at which the longitudinal wave propagates in the medium; the density refers to the density of the medium corresponding to the entire well section of the horizontal well in the target work area; the entire well section of the horizontal well includes a vertical well section, an inclined well section and a horizontal section, wherein the vertical well section refers to the part of the well section vertical from the wellbore, the inclined well section refers to the part of the well section where the wellbore transitions from vertical to horizontal, and the horizontal section refers to the part of the well section that extends along the reservoir direction.

[0083] For example, the longitudinal wave velocity curve data of the full-well logging of the horizontal well in the target work area can be obtained by the sonic logging technology, and the density curve data of the full-well logging of the horizontal well in the target work area can be obtained by the density logging technology.

[0084] S202. Calculate the wave impedance data corresponding to the entire horizontal well section based on the P-wave velocity curve data and the density curve data, wherein the wave impedance data includes first P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section, second P-wave impedance data corresponding to the inclined well section, and third P-wave impedance data corresponding to the horizontal section.

[0085] In this embodiment, the longitudinal wave impedance refers to the impedance characteristic of rock to longitudinal waves, and the longitudinal wave impedance is the product of the longitudinal wave velocity and density.

[0086] For example, a preset time-domain P-wave impedance model is used to calculate the first P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section, the second P-wave impedance data corresponding to the inclined well section, and the third P-wave impedance data corresponding to the horizontal section based on the P-wave velocity curve data and density curve data of the vertical well section, the inclined well section, and the horizontal section; Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 The ordinate represents the time domain (Time, in ms) identifier, the abscissa represents the CDP (Common Depth Point) identifier, and the curve represents the horizontal well drilling trajectory after time-depth calibration. Through time-depth calibration, the depth of the horizontal well drilling trajectory is corresponding to the time of the seismic data. Among them, the third longitudinal wave impedance range corresponding to the horizontal section is 7658 m / s*g / cm 3 to 9527 m / s*g / cm 3 The preset time domain longitudinal wave impedance model has a longitudinal wave impedance range of 4042 m / s*g / cm 3 to 10756m / s*g / cm 3 The preset time domain longitudinal wave impedance model includes 300 seismic traces, each of which includes 150 sampling points, and the interval between each sampling point is 1ms.

[0087] Alternatively, Figure 4 As shown in the schematic diagram of the longitudinal wave impedance curve of the horizontal well, Figure 4 The horizontal axis represents the longitudinal wave impedance data (Imp, unit is m / s*g / cm) corresponding to the entire horizontal well section of the target work area. 3 ), the vertical axis represents the identification of each sampling point (Sampling point, in units), among which the horizontal section longitudinal wave impedance curve is after the 72nd sampling point.

[0088] S203: Generate a synthetic seismic record based on the first longitudinal wave impedance data and the second longitudinal wave impedance data.

[0089] In this embodiment, a reflection coefficient is calculated based on the first longitudinal wave impedance data and the second longitudinal wave impedance data. Wavelet data of the target work area is obtained, and a convolution operation is performed on the reflection coefficient and the wavelet data to obtain a synthetic seismic record. The calculation formula of the reflection coefficient is as follows:

[0090]

[0091] Where R is the reflection coefficient; is the first longitudinal wave impedance data; is the second longitudinal wave impedance data.

[0092] Furthermore, the convolution operation is performed based on the reflection coefficient and the wavelet data, and the calculation formula for the synthetic seismic record is as follows:

[0093]

[0094] Where, S is the synthetic seismic record; R is the reflection coefficient; is the wavelet data.

[0095] S204. Perform well-seismic calibration based on the synthetic seismic record to obtain a well-seismic calibration result.

[0096] In this embodiment, well seismic calibration is a process of comparing and adjusting the synthetic seismic records with actual seismic data to establish a corresponding relationship between the depth domain of the well logging data and the time domain of the seismic data.

[0097] Alternatively, as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the overlap between the well trajectory and the seismic forward modeling section after calibration; Figure 5 The seismic forward section shown corresponds to Figure 3 The forward modeled seismic profile of the wave impedance is shown, and 15% Gaussian white noise is added to the forward modeling results to simulate the real seismic data.

[0098] S205. Establish a well logging response forward equation group based on the well seismic calibration results and wave impedance data.

[0099] In this embodiment, the wave impedance data includes first P-wave impedance data, second P-wave impedance data, and third P-wave impedance data; a group of forward equations for well logging response is established through the well seismic calibration results, the first P-wave impedance data, the second P-wave impedance data, and the third P-wave impedance data; thereby, under the constraints of horizontal well logging, the group of forward equations for well logging response is explicitly established, thereby improving the utilization of horizontal well logging information.

[0100] S206. Based on the convolution theory model, establish a set of forward equations for earthquake response.

[0101] In this embodiment, the formula of the earthquake response forward equation group is:

[0102] [G] N×N ·[m] N×1 =[S] N×1

[0103] Where [G] is the earthquake response forward modeling operator matrix, [m] N×1 is the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined, the total number of elements is N, and [S] is the column vector composed of seismic data arranged longitudinally.

[0104] For example, if Figure 6 As shown, the product of the wavelet matrix and the first-order difference matrix is ​​used as the coefficient matrix [g] of the single-channel seismic response forward equation system. 150×150 ; Then Figure 7 The coefficient matrix of the single-channel seismic response forward equation group [g] is shown 150×150 As a diagonal block, a block diagonal matrix is ​​constructed to obtain the earthquake response forward operator matrix [G] 45000×45000 .

[0105] S207. Establish a well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group based on the well logging response forward equation group and the seismic response forward equation group.

[0106] In this embodiment, based on the well logging response forward equations and the seismic response forward equations, a well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group is established, realizing the combination of horizontal well logging information and seismic inversion technology; the horizontal well information explicitly constrains the seismic inversion method, thereby improving the accuracy of seismic inversion.

[0107] S208. Establish a low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model based on the well-seismic calibration results, wave impedance data, and preset seismic horizon interpretation.

[0108] In this embodiment, if Figure 8 As shown in the figure, based on the well-seismic calibration results, wave impedance data and preset seismic layer interpretation, a low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model is established to supplement the actual low-frequency data in the seismic data and improve the accuracy and reliability of the seismic inversion results. Among them, the seismic layer interpretation is the result of identifying underground structures and stratigraphic characteristics based on the analysis of seismic data. The preset seismic layer interpretation includes geological layer calibration, structural interpretation and stratigraphic interpretation.

[0109] S209. According to the Bayesian inversion theory, the well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equations and the low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model are subjected to seismic inversion to obtain the wave impedance inversion solution.

[0110] In this embodiment, for example, Figure 9The cross-sectional diagram of the inversion results of the seismic inversion method with explicit constraints on horizontal well information is provided for this application. Figure 9 It can be seen that under the constraints of the logging information of the entire horizontal well section, the resolution of the wellside track inversion results along the horizontal well drilling trajectory is relatively higher; Figure 10 The present application provides a variance profile of the inversion results of the seismic inversion method with explicit constraints on horizontal well information; Figure 10 It can be seen that the seismic inversion method based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information of the present application reduces the inversion variance of the horizontal well drilling trajectory, thereby reducing the multi-solution of the seismic inversion results, reducing the uncertainty of the description of oil and gas reservoirs in oil and gas exploration and development, and improving the accuracy of the inversion results; Figure 11 This is a cross-section of seismic inversion results without logging information constraints; by comparison Figure 9 and Figure 11 It can be seen that by constraining the seismic wave impedance inversion with the full-well section information of the horizontal well, the resolution and accuracy of the seismic inversion results are higher.

[0111] Further, Figure 12 The comparison diagram of the well bypass inversion results and the logging curve under different constraints is shown in Figure 2. Figure 12 It can be seen that the inversion results obtained by the seismic inversion method provided by this application are more accurate than the inversion results obtained by the prior art.

[0112] The seismic inversion method based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information provided in the present application obtains the longitudinal wave velocity curve and density curve data of the vertical section, inclined section and horizontal section of the horizontal well, calculates the longitudinal wave impedance data of each section, generates synthetic seismic records based on the longitudinal wave impedance data of the vertical section and the inclined section, and performs well-seismic calibration to obtain well-seismic calibration results; establishes a well logging response forward equation group according to the well-seismic calibration results and the wave impedance data; establishes a seismic response forward equation group according to the convolution theory model; establishes a well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group by combining the well logging response forward equation group and the seismic response forward equation group; performs seismic inversion on the well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group and a low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model established according to the well-seismic calibration results, wave impedance data and preset seismic layer interpretation according to the Bayesian inversion theory to obtain a wave impedance inversion solution; thereby improving the accuracy of the seismic wave impedance inversion in describing the lateral heterogeneity of the reservoir, improving the precision and resolution of the seismic inversion, and providing a reliable basis for oil and gas exploration and development.

[0113] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the process of a seismic inversion method based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information provided in this application Figure 2 ,like Figure 13 As shown, this embodiment Figure 2Based on the embodiment, the establishment of the well logging response forward equations according to the well seismic calibration results and the wave impedance data in step S205 is described in detail, including:

[0114] S1301. According to the well-seismic calibration results, the wave impedance data is assigned to the seismic grid passed by the well trajectory to obtain an assigned seismic grid, wherein the assigned seismic grid includes the first P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section, the second P-wave impedance data corresponding to the inclined well section, and the third P-wave impedance data corresponding to the horizontal section.

[0115] In this embodiment, the well trajectory refers to the horizontal well drilling trajectory. For example, Figure 3 The seismic grid that the horizontal well drilling trajectory crosses is shown in FIG. 1 . Based on the correspondence between the depth domain of the well logging data and the time domain of the seismic data in the well-seismic calibration results, the seismic grid is converted into the following: Figure 4 The first P-wave impedance data, the second P-wave impedance data, and the third P-wave impedance data are assigned to the seismic grid traversed by the corresponding horizontal well drilling trajectory to obtain the assigned seismic grid.

[0116] S1302. Establish a set of forward equations for well logging response based on the assigned seismic grid.

[0117] In this embodiment, the forward equations of the well logging response are as follows:

[0118] [B] n×N ·[m] N×1 =[m obs ] n×1

[0119] Where, [m] N×1 is the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined, and the total number of elements is N. [B] is the forward modeling matrix of the well logging response, and the matrix elements at the assigned locations are 1, and the remaining elements are 0. n is the number of grids to be assigned, and [m obs ] n×1 It is a column vector consisting of the assigned seismic grid logging values.

[0120] In this embodiment, for example, [m] N×1 The arrangement is to arrange them longitudinally according to the seismic traces to be found; N is the product of the number of seismic traces and the number of sampling points in each seismic trace, that is, N is 45000; [B] n×N is the coefficient matrix of the forward modeling equations for well logging response, such as Figure 14 As shown, n is 226, then [B] n×N is a 226×45000 matrix; [m obs ] n×1 It is a 226×1 column vector, representing the natural logarithm of the seismic grid logging value after assignment.

[0121] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the process of a seismic inversion method based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information provided in this application Figure 3 ,like Figure 15 As shown, this embodiment Figure 2 Based on the embodiment, the well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equations are established based on the well logging response forward equations and the seismic response forward equations in step S207, including:

[0122] S1501. Vertically concatenate the well logging response forward modeling matrix and the seismic response forward modeling operator matrix to obtain a first matrix.

[0123] In this embodiment, for example, the well logging response forward matrix [B] 226×45000 and the earthquake response forward operator matrix [G] 45000×45000 Connect in the vertical direction to form the first matrix , where the number of rows of the first matrix is ​​the sum of the number of rows of the well logging response forward modeling matrix and the seismic response forward modeling operator matrix, and the number of columns of the first matrix is ​​the same as the number of columns of the well logging response forward modeling matrix and the seismic response forward modeling operator matrix.

[0124] S1502: vertically concatenate the column vectors composed of the assigned seismic grid logging values ​​and the column vectors composed of the seismic data arranged longitudinally to obtain a second matrix.

[0125] In this embodiment, for example, the column vector [m obs ] 226×1 Column vector composed of seismic data arranged vertically [S] 45000×1 Connect in the vertical direction to form a second matrix , where the number of rows of the second matrix is ​​the sum of the column vectors composed of the assigned seismic grid logging values ​​and the column vectors composed of the seismic data arranged longitudinally. It is a 45226×1 matrix.

[0126] S1503. Based on the first matrix, the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined, and the second matrix, a forward equation system for the well-seismic wave impedance is established. The formula for the forward equation system for the well-seismic wave impedance is:

[0127] A.m = D

[0128] Where A = , A is the first matrix; m = , m is the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined; D = , D is the second matrix.

[0129] Furthermore, after establishing a set of well-seismic wave impedance forward equations based on the first matrix, the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined, and the second matrix, the well-seismic wave impedance forward equations and the low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model are seismically inverted according to the Bayesian inversion theory to obtain the wave impedance inversion solution.

[0130] The Bayesian inversion solution formula for the wave impedance inversion solution is:

[0131] =

[0132] Where, is the wave impedance inversion solution; is the low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model; is the prior covariance matrix of the wave impedance parameters to be determined; A is the first matrix; is the transposed matrix of the first matrix; is the data error covariance matrix; D is the second matrix.

[0133] Furthermore, if Figure 9 As shown, the natural logarithm of the wave impedance m is the wave impedance inversion solution , then the calculation formula of wave impedance m is m=exp( ).

[0134] Figure 16 The present application provides a structural diagram of a seismic inversion device based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information, such as Figure 16 As shown, the seismic inversion device provided in this embodiment includes:

[0135] The acquisition module 1601 is used to acquire the P-wave velocity curve data and density curve data of the full-well logging of the horizontal well in the target work area, wherein the full-well logging of the horizontal well includes the vertical well section, the inclined well section and the horizontal section.

[0136] Calculation module 1602 is used to calculate the wave impedance data corresponding to the entire well section of the horizontal well based on the P-wave velocity curve data and the density curve data, wherein the wave impedance data includes the first P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section, the second P-wave impedance data corresponding to the inclined well section, and the third P-wave impedance data corresponding to the horizontal section.

[0137] The first processing module 1603 is configured to generate a synthetic seismic record based on the first longitudinal wave impedance data and the second longitudinal wave impedance data.

[0138] The second processing module 1604 is used to perform well-seismic calibration based on the synthetic seismic records to obtain well-seismic calibration results.

[0139] The first establishing module 1605 is used to establish a well logging response forward equation group according to the well seismic calibration results and the wave impedance data.

[0140] The second establishing module 1606 is used to establish a set of earthquake response forward equations based on the convolution theory model.

[0141] Among them, the formula of the earthquake response forward equation group is:

[0142] [G] N×N ·[m] N×1 =[S] N×1

[0143] Where [G] is the earthquake response forward modeling operator matrix, [m] N×1 is the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined, the total number of elements is N, and [S] is the column vector composed of seismic data arranged longitudinally.

[0144] The third establishing module 1607 is used to establish a well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group based on the well logging response forward equation group and the seismic response forward equation group.

[0145] The fourth establishing module 1608 is used to establish a low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model based on the well-seismic calibration results, wave impedance data and preset seismic horizon interpretation.

[0146] The inversion module 1609 is used to perform seismic inversion on the well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equations and the low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model according to the Bayesian inversion theory to obtain a wave impedance inversion solution.

[0147] Among them, the Bayesian inversion solution formula for the wave impedance inversion solution is:

[0148] =

[0149] Where, is the wave impedance inversion solution; is the low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model; is the prior covariance matrix of the wave impedance parameters to be determined; A is the first matrix; is the transposed matrix of the first matrix; is the data error covariance matrix; D is the second matrix.

[0150] Optionally, the first establishing module 1605 may further be used to:

[0151] According to the well-seismic calibration results, the wave impedance data is assigned to the seismic grid passed by the well trajectory to obtain an assigned seismic grid, wherein the assigned seismic grid includes the first P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section, the second P-wave impedance data corresponding to the deviated well section, and the third P-wave impedance data corresponding to the horizontal section;

[0152] According to the assigned seismic grid, the forward equations of well logging response are established.

[0153] Among them, the formula of the forward equation group of well logging response is:

[0154] [B] n×N ·[m] N×1 =[m obs ] n×1

[0155] Where, [m] N×1 is the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined, and the total number of elements is N. [B] is the forward modeling matrix of the well logging response, and the matrix elements at the assigned locations are 1, and the remaining elements are 0. n is the number of grids to be assigned, and [m obs ] n×1 It is a column vector consisting of the assigned seismic grid logging values.

[0156] Optionally, the third establishing module 1607 may further be used to:

[0157] Vertically concatenate the well logging response forward modeling matrix and the seismic response forward modeling operator matrix to obtain a first matrix;

[0158] Vertically concatenate the column vector composed of the assigned seismic grid logging values ​​and the column vector composed of the seismic data arranged longitudinally to obtain a second matrix;

[0159] Based on the first matrix, the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined, and the second matrix, the well-seismic wave impedance forward equations are established. The formula of the well-seismic wave impedance forward equations is:

[0160] A.m = D

[0161] Where A = , A is the first matrix; m = , m is the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined; D = , D is the second matrix.

[0162] The seismic inversion device based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information provided in this embodiment can execute the method provided in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0163] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a seismic inversion device based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information provided in this application. Figure 17 As shown, the seismic inversion apparatus based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information provided in this embodiment includes at least one processor 1701 and a memory 1702. Optionally, the seismic inversion apparatus based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information further includes a communication component 1703. The processor 1701, the memory 1702, and the communication component 1703 are connected via a bus 1704.

[0164] During the specific implementation process, at least one processor 1701 executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 1702, so that the at least one processor 1701 performs the above method.

[0165] The specific implementation process of the processor 1701 can be found in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effects are similar and will not be repeated here in this embodiment.

[0166] In the above embodiments, it should be understood that the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in the present invention may be directly executed by a hardware processor or by a combination of hardware and software modules within the processor.

[0167] The memory may include random access memory (RAM) and may also include non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage.

[0168] A bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus. Buses can be categorized as address buses, data buses, and control buses. For ease of illustration, the buses in the drawings of this application are not limited to just one bus or just one type of bus.

[0169] The present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which implements the above method when executed by a processor.

[0170] The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer-executable instructions are stored. When a processor executes the computer-executable instructions, the above method is implemented.

[0171] The readable storage medium may be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile memory device, or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk. The readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0172] An exemplary readable storage medium is coupled to a processor so that the processor can read information from the readable storage medium and write information to the readable storage medium. Of course, the readable storage medium can also be an integral part of the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium can be located in an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Of course, the processor and the readable storage medium can also exist in the device as discrete components.

[0173] The division of units is merely a logical functional division; actual implementations may employ alternative divisions, such as combining or integrating multiple units or components into another system, or omitting or disabling certain features. Furthermore, any direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units, either through an interface, electrical, mechanical, or other means.

[0174] Units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0175] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

[0176] If a function is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the portion that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the various embodiments of the method of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program code, such as USB flash drives, mobile hard drives, read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0177] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the above-described method embodiments can be implemented using hardware associated with program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the program performs the steps of the above-described method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0178] Finally, it should be noted that those skilled in the art will readily identify other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. The present invention is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present invention that follow the general principles of the present invention and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The present invention is not limited to the precise structure described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and variations may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited solely by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A seismic inversion method based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information, characterized in that: Applied to a computer device, the method comprises: Acquire the longitudinal wave velocity curve data and density curve data of the full well section of the horizontal well in the target work area, wherein the full well section of the horizontal well includes the vertical well section, the inclined well section and the horizontal section; Calculating wave impedance data corresponding to the entire horizontal well section based on the P-wave velocity curve data and the density curve data, wherein the wave impedance data includes first P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section, second P-wave impedance data corresponding to the deviated well section, and third P-wave impedance data corresponding to the horizontal section; generating a synthetic seismic record based on the first longitudinal wave impedance data and the second longitudinal wave impedance data; performing well-seismic calibration according to the synthetic seismic record to obtain a well-seismic calibration result; Establishing a well logging response forward equation group according to the well seismic calibration results and the wave impedance data; According to the convolution theory model, the forward equations of earthquake response are established; Establishing a well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group based on the well logging response forward equation group and the seismic response forward equation group; Establishing a low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model based on the well-seismic calibration results, the wave impedance data, and a preset seismic horizon interpretation; According to the Bayesian inversion theory, the well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equations and the low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model are subjected to seismic inversion to obtain a wave impedance inversion solution.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of establishing a well logging response forward equation group based on the well seismic calibration results and the wave impedance data includes: According to the well-seismic calibration result, the wave impedance data is assigned to the seismic grid passed by the well trajectory to obtain an assigned seismic grid, wherein the assigned seismic grid includes the first P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section, the second P-wave impedance data corresponding to the deviated well section, and the third P-wave impedance data corresponding to the horizontal section; A set of forward equations for well logging response is established based on the assigned seismic grid.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The formula of the forward modeling equations of the well logging response is: [B] n×N ·[m] N×1 =[m obs ] n×1 Where, [m] N×1 is the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined, and the total number of elements is N. [B] is the forward modeling matrix of the well logging response, and the matrix elements at the assigned locations are 1, and the remaining elements are 0. n is the number of grids to be assigned, and [m obs ] n×1 It is a column vector consisting of the assigned seismic grid logging values.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The formula of the earthquake response forward equation group is: [G] N×N ·[m] N×1 =[S] N×1 Where [G] is the earthquake response forward modeling operator matrix, [m] N×1 is the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined, the total number of elements is N, and [S] is the column vector composed of seismic data arranged longitudinally.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The method of establishing a well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group based on the well logging response forward equation group and the seismic response forward equation group includes: Vertically concatenating the well logging response forward modeling matrix and the seismic response forward modeling operator matrix to obtain a first matrix; Vertically concatenating the column vectors composed of the assigned seismic grid logging values ​​and the column vectors composed of the seismic data arranged longitudinally to obtain a second matrix; The well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equations are established based on the first matrix, the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined, and the second matrix. The formula of the well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equations is: A·m= D Where A = , A is the first matrix; m = , m is the natural logarithm of the wave impedance vector value to be determined; D = , D is the second matrix.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The Bayesian inversion solution formula for the wave impedance inversion solution is: = Where, is the wave impedance inversion solution; is the low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model; is the prior covariance matrix of the wave impedance parameter to be determined; A is the first matrix; is the transposed matrix of the first matrix; is the data error covariance matrix; D is the second matrix.

7. A seismic inversion device based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information, characterized in that: include: An acquisition module is used to acquire the longitudinal wave velocity curve data and density curve data of the full well section logging of the horizontal well in the target work area, wherein the full well section of the horizontal well includes the vertical well section, the inclined well section and the horizontal section; a calculation module, configured to calculate wave impedance data corresponding to the entire well section of the horizontal well based on the P-wave velocity curve data and the density curve data, wherein the wave impedance data includes first P-wave impedance data corresponding to the vertical well section, second P-wave impedance data corresponding to the deviated well section, and third P-wave impedance data corresponding to the horizontal section; a first processing module, configured to generate a synthetic seismic record based on the first longitudinal wave impedance data and the second longitudinal wave impedance data; A second processing module is used to perform well seismic calibration based on the synthetic seismic record to obtain a well seismic calibration result; A first establishing module is used to establish a well logging response forward equation group according to the well seismic calibration result and the wave impedance data; The second establishment module is used to establish a set of earthquake response forward equations based on the convolution theory model; A third establishing module is used to establish a well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equation group based on the well logging response forward equation group and the seismic response forward equation group; A fourth establishment module is used to establish a low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model based on the well-seismic calibration results, the wave impedance data and a preset seismic horizon interpretation; The inversion module is used to perform seismic inversion on the well-seismic simultaneous wave impedance forward equations and the low-frequency longitudinal wave impedance model according to the Bayesian inversion theory to obtain a wave impedance inversion solution.

8. A seismic inversion device based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information, characterized in that: include: at least one processor; as well as a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the seismic inversion method based on explicit constraints of horizontal well information according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are used to implement the seismic inversion method based on explicit constraints of horizontal well logging information as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that The invention comprises a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the seismic inversion method based on explicit constraints of horizontal well logging information according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

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