Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method of Internet of Things equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method of Internet of Things equipment, and relates to the technical field of Internet of Things communication, the Internet of Things equipment is provided with a control chip and a dual-communication module including Bluetooth communication and 4G communication, the method is applied to the control chip, and the method comprises the steps of obtaining Bluetooth signal quality parameters (including RSSI, PLR and INT) and 4G signal quality parameters (including RSRP, SINR and BSL); a Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE and a 4G signal score Score4G are calculated, a target communication mode is determined according to the ScoreBLE and the Score4G, communication mode switching of the dual-communication module is controlled based on the target communication mode, and the communication modes comprise a Bluetooth communication main mode, a 4G communication main mode and a Bluetooth 4G active-active mode. According to the scheme, smooth switching is facilitated, the ping-pong effect is effectively reduced, a cooperation mechanism during simultaneous activation of dual-mode communication is established, the advantages of dual-mode communication can be effectively exerted, and bandwidth redundancy is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of Internet of Things communication technologies, and more specifically, to a Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for Internet of Things devices. Background Art

[0002] Wireless communication technologies (such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, 4G / 5G, etc.) are widely used in Internet of Things devices for data transmission. Among them, Bluetooth (low-power Bluetooth, BLE) is often used for short-distance device interconnection due to its low power consumption and low cost characteristics; 4G network is suitable for remote data transmission due to its wide coverage and high bandwidth characteristics. However, there are many limitations in the existing technologies.

[0003] Existing technical solutions and problems in the market:

[0004] Solution 1: Single communication mode dominates the market

[0005] Currently, most Internet of Things devices on the market only adopt a single communication method (such as only supporting Bluetooth or only supporting 4G). The following problems generally exist:

[0006] (1) Poor scene adaptability: A single Bluetooth device completely fails when it exceeds the coverage range, while a pure 4G device has too high power consumption in a short-distance scenario.

[0007] (2) Weak anti-interference ability: In a complex environment (such as electromagnetic interference, mobile occlusion), the risk of interruption of a single communication link is extremely high.

[0008] Solution 2: There are technical bottlenecks in dual-mode switching

[0009] Among the few devices that support Bluetooth and 4G dual-mode, their switching mechanism depends on simple rules (such as signal strength threshold or fixed priority), and lacks the ability of smooth transition. The following problems exist:

[0010] (1) Uneven switching: Hard switching causes a short communication interruption (typical delay > 500ms), resulting in data packet loss or service suspension.

[0011] (2) Unintelligent decision-making: Triggering switching only based on a single parameter (such as Bluetooth RSSI), without considering comprehensive factors such as signal stability and network load, is prone to the "ping-pong effect" (frequent switching).

[0012] (3) Resource waste: Lack of a coordination mechanism when dual-mode is activated simultaneously, resulting in redundant power consumption and bandwidth.

[0013] Summary of industry pain points:

[0014] In the prior art, a single communication mode device cannot meet the near-field and far-field requirements at the same time. For dual-mode devices, due to the rough handover strategy, the actual effect fails to meet the expectations. There is an urgent need for an intelligent communication solution that can dynamically evaluate multi-dimensional signal quality to achieve seamless Bluetooth 4G handover. Summary of the Invention

[0015] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for Internet of Things devices. By dynamically evaluating multi-dimensional signal quality, an intelligent communication solution for seamless Bluetooth 4G handover is realized, effectively alleviating or even completely eliminating the above-mentioned dual-mode handover problem.

[0016] To achieve the above purpose, the embodiments of the present application are implemented as follows:

[0017] The embodiments of the present application provide a Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for Internet of Things devices. A control chip and a dual communication module including Bluetooth communication and 4G communication are provided on the Internet of Things device. The method is applied to the control chip and includes: obtaining Bluetooth signal quality parameters and 4G signal quality parameters. Among them, the Bluetooth signal quality parameters include RSSI, PLR, and INT, and the 4G signal quality parameters include RSRP, SINR, and BSL; calculating a Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE based on the Bluetooth signal quality parameters, and calculating a 4G signal score Score4G based on the 4G signal quality parameters; determining a target communication mode based on the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE and the 4G signal score Score4G, and controlling the communication mode switch of the dual communication module based on the target communication mode. Among them, the communication modes include the Bluetooth communication main mode, the 4G communication main mode, and the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode. The Bluetooth communication main mode means that Bluetooth is the current main link and 4G is in low-power standby. The 4G communication main mode means that 4G is the current main link and Bluetooth maintains a heartbeat connection. The Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously.

[0018] Combined with the first aspect, in the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, calculating a Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE based on the Bluetooth signal quality parameters, and calculating a 4G signal score Score4G based on the 4G signal quality parameters includes:

[0019] The following formula is used to calculate the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE: ScoreBLE = w1*RSSI + w2*(1 - PLR) + w3*(1 / INT),

[0020] where ScoreBLE is the Bluetooth signal score, w1, w2, and w3 are the weight coefficients of the Bluetooth signal quality parameters, RSSI is the received signal strength, PLR is the packet loss rate, and INT is the interference strength;

[0021] The 4G signal score Score4G is calculated using the following formula: Score4G = k1*RSRP + k2*SINR + k3*(1 - BSL),

[0022] where Score4G is the 4G signal score, k1, k2, and k3 are the weight coefficients of the 4G signal quality parameters, RSRP is the reference signal received power, SINR is the signal-to-noise ratio, and BSL is the base station load.

[0023] Combined with the first possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in the second possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the update manner of the weight coefficients w1, w2, and w3 is as follows: If RSSI, PLR, and INT are all within their corresponding set ranges, the weight coefficients w1, w2, and w3 are not adjusted; otherwise, w1 is decreased, w2 is increased, and w3 is increased; If RSRP, SINR, and BSL are all within their corresponding set ranges, the weight coefficients k1, k2, and k3 are not adjusted; otherwise, k1 is decreased, k2 is increased, and k3 is increased.

[0024] Combined with the first aspect, in the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, the operating modes of the Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method of the Internet of Things device are periodic operation and signal event-driven trigger operation. Based on the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE and the 4G signal score Score4G, the target communication mode is determined, including: calculating the absolute difference D between the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE and the 4G signal score Score4G; Based on the current communication mode, obtaining the judgment threshold Δ of the current cycle; If ScoreBLE > Score4G and D > Δ, determining the Bluetooth communication main mode as the target communication mode; If Score4G > ScoreBLE and D > Δ, determining the 4G communication main mode as the target communication mode; If D ≤ Δ, predicting the future change trend of the absolute difference D to obtain the predicted difference D', and determining the target communication mode based on the predicted difference D'.

[0025] Combined with the third possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, predicting the future change trend of the absolute difference D to obtain the predicted difference D' includes: obtaining historical cycle data, where the historical cycle data includes the Bluetooth signal quality parameters and 4G signal quality parameters of the n cycles before the current cycle; Based on the Bluetooth signal quality parameters of the previous n cycles, determining the Bluetooth prediction data, where the Bluetooth prediction data includes RSSI', PLR', and INT'; Based on the 4G signal quality parameters of the previous n cycles, determining the 4G prediction data, where the 4G prediction data includes RSRP', SINR', and BSL'; Determining the predicted difference D' based on the Bluetooth prediction data and the 4G prediction data.

[0026] Combined with the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in the fifth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, based on the Bluetooth signal quality parameters of the previous n cycles, the Bluetooth prediction data is determined, including:

[0027] Use the following formulas to calculate RSSI’, PLR’, and INT’: , , ,

[0028] where RSSI’ is the received signal strength of the predicted future cycle, PLR’ is the packet loss rate of the predicted future cycle, and INT’ is the interference strength of the predicted future cycle. is the average value of the received signal strengths of the previous n cycles. is the received signal strength of the previous i-th cycle among the previous n cycles. is the corresponding weight. is the packet loss rate of the previous 1st cycle among the previous n cycles. and are the packet loss rates of the previous i-th cycle and the previous i + 1-th cycle among the previous n cycles respectively. is the corresponding weight. is the average value of the interference strengths of the previous n cycles. is the interference strength of the previous i-th cycle among the previous n cycles. is the corresponding weight. is the maximum interference strength difference between two adjacent cycles among the previous n cycles. is the reference interference strength difference. is that the interference strength difference between two adjacent cycles among the previous n cycles exceeds the reference interference strength difference and the cycle number of the historical cycle closest to the current cycle. is the average value of the interference strengths of the previous m cycles. is the interference strength of the previous j-th cycle among the previous m cycles. is the corresponding weight.

[0029] Combined with the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in the sixth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, based on the 4G signal quality parameters of the previous n cycles, the 4G prediction data is determined, including:

[0030] Use the following formulas to calculate RSRP’, SINR’, and BSL’: , , ,

[0031] wherein, RSRP’ is the signal quality parameter of the predicted future period, SINR’ is the signal-to-noise ratio of the predicted future period, and BSL’ is the base station load of the predicted future period. is the mean value of the signal quality parameters of the previous n periods. is the signal quality parameter of the previous i-th period among the previous n periods. is the corresponding weight. is the mean value of the signal-to-noise ratios of the previous n periods. is the signal-to-noise ratio of the previous i-th period among the previous n periods. is the corresponding weight. is the maximum signal-to-noise ratio difference between two adjacent periods among the previous n periods. is the reference signal-to-noise ratio difference. is the signal-to-noise ratio difference between two adjacent periods among the previous n periods exceeding the reference signal-to-noise ratio difference and the period number of the historical period closest to the current period. is the mean value of the signal-to-noise ratios of the previous p periods. is the interference intensity of the previous k-th period among the previous m periods. is the corresponding weight. is the base station load of the previous 1st period among the previous n periods. and are respectively the base station load of the previous i-th period and the base station load of the previous i+1-th period among the previous n periods. is the corresponding weight.

[0032] Combined with the fourth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in the seventh possible implementation manner of the first aspect, determining the prediction difference D’ based on the Bluetooth prediction data and the 4G prediction data includes:

[0033] Based on RSSI’, PLR’, and INT’ in the Bluetooth prediction data, determining the weight coefficients w1’, w2’, and w3’, and calculating the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE’ of the future period using the following formula: ScoreBLE’ = w1’*RSSI’ + w2’*(1 - PLR’) + w3’*(1 / INT’),

[0034] wherein, ScoreBLE’ is the Bluetooth signal score of the future period;

[0035] Based on RSRP’, SINR’, and BSL’ in the 4G prediction data, the weight coefficients k1’, k2’, and k3’ are determined, and the 4G signal score Score4G’ for the future period is calculated using the following formula: Score4G’ = k1’*RSRP’ + k2’*SINR’ + k3’*(1 - BSL’),

[0036] where Score4G’ is the 4G signal score for the future period;

[0037] The predicted difference D’ between the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE’ for the future period and the 4G signal score Score4G’ for the future period is calculated.

[0038] Combined with the fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, in the eighth possible implementation of the first aspect, the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode includes Class I Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode, Class II Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode, and Class III Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode. Based on the predicted difference D’, the target communication mode is determined, including: Based on RSSI’, PLR’, INT’ in the Bluetooth prediction data and RSRP’, SINR’, BSL’ in the 4G prediction data, the prediction threshold Δ’ is determined; If ScoreBLE’ > Score4G’ and D’ > Δ’, the Class I Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode is determined as the target communication mode, where the Class I Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously, and the data transmission adopts the Class I hybrid transmission mode. The Class I hybrid transmission mode means that when Bluetooth transmits data fragments, it redundantly transmits the data fragments transmitted by 4G at the end. If 4G completes the data fragment transmission, the Bluetooth transmission of the redundant part is terminated. If 4G does not complete the data fragment transmission, the Bluetooth continues to transmit the redundant part; If Score4G’ > ScoreBLE’ and D’ > Δ’, the Class II Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode is determined as the target communication mode, where the Class II Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously, and the data transmission adopts the Class II hybrid transmission mode. The Class II hybrid transmission mode means that when 4G transmits data fragments, it redundantly transmits the data fragments transmitted by Bluetooth at the end. If Bluetooth completes the data fragment transmission, the 4G transmission of the redundant part is terminated. If Bluetooth does not complete the data fragment transmission, the 4G continues to transmit the redundant part; If D’ ≤ Δ’, the Class III Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode is determined as the target communication mode, where the Class III Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously, and the data transmission adopts the Class III transmission mode. The Class III transmission mode means that Bluetooth and 4G adopt data fragment transmission.

[0039] Combined with the eighth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, in the ninth possible implementation manner of the first aspect, based on the current communication mode, obtaining the judgment threshold Δ of the current cycle includes: if the current communication mode is the Bluetooth communication master mode or the 4G communication master mode, obtaining the set value as the judgment threshold Δ; if the current communication mode is the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode, obtaining the predicted threshold of the previous cycle as the judgment threshold Δ.

[0040] Beneficial effects:

[0041] The Internet of Things device is provided with a control chip and a dual-communication module including Bluetooth communication and 4G communication. The Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method of the Internet of Things device provided in this solution is applied to the control chip. By obtaining the Bluetooth signal quality parameters (including RSSI, PLR, INT) and 4G signal quality parameters (including RSRP, SINR, BSL), calculating the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE based on the Bluetooth signal quality parameters, and calculating the 4G signal score Score4G based on the 4G signal quality parameters; accordingly, determining the target communication mode (Bluetooth communication master mode, 4G communication master mode, and Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode. The Bluetooth communication master mode means that Bluetooth is the current main link, 4G is in low-power standby. The 4G communication master mode means that 4G is the current main link, and Bluetooth maintains a heartbeat connection. The Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously). This solution sets three modes, designs an intelligent dynamic scoring mechanism. If a certain communication (such as Bluetooth or 4G) has an obvious advantage (the score is significantly higher than the other party), then single-mode communication is adopted to reduce power consumption. In addition, using the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode as a transition for mode switching is conducive to achieving smooth switching; combined with the dynamic scoring mechanism (designing a dynamic scoring adjustment mechanism for situations where parameters fluctuate greatly, such as sudden signal fluctuations, signal interference, sudden increase in packet loss, network load changes, etc.), it can effectively reduce the "ping-pong effect". The Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode is applied in the situation where the dynamic platform differences between Bluetooth and 4G communications are not obvious (such as when both scores are high or both are not high), and a coordination mechanism when the dual-mode communication is simultaneously activated is established, which can effectively utilize the advantages of the dual-mode communication and reduce bandwidth redundancy.

[0042] In the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode, a complete prediction, coordination, and handover mechanism is established, which can effectively utilize its smooth transition function. When a communication mode handover may occur in the predicted future cycle, partial redundancy is carried out in advance. This redundancy is dynamic redundancy and can make intelligent decisions based on the data transmission situation of the redundant data (when the redundant party successfully completes the data shard transmission, the transmission of the redundant data shard part at the end is terminated in a timely manner, which can effectively save bandwidth redundancy; when the redundant party fails to complete the data shard transmission normally, the transmission of the redundant data shard part at the end is continued, which can ensure the integrity of the data and effectively reduce the data retransmission situation). It can not only ensure the reliable transmission of data but also save bandwidth in unnecessary situations, realize the efficient coordination when the Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication is simultaneously activated, and effectively utilize the advantages of the dual-mode communication.

[0043] In the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode, a refined handover mechanism is designed. Predictions are made in this mode, and three types of Bluetooth 4G dual-active modes are subdivided to handle different prediction situations. The upcoming handover is sensed in advance, and the corresponding data transmission mechanism is used for "advance adaptation". When the future cycle arrives, an effect close to "seamless handover" can be achieved, avoiding the problem of uneven handover caused by the existing dual-mode communication handover mechanism (hard handover leads to a short communication interruption, typical delay > 500ms, resulting in data packet loss or service suspension). In the prediction, according to the Bluetooth signal quality parameters (including RSSI, PLR, INT) and 4G signal quality parameters (including RSRP, SINR, BSL) in complex scenarios (such as common mobile scenarios, which often cause significant fluctuations in one or more parameters), a parameter prediction scheme that conforms to its characteristics is designed (corresponding parameter prediction formulas are designed for different parameter characteristics, and corresponding prediction mechanisms are designed specifically for the sudden changes that may occur in various parameters in the mobile scenario. Appropriate weights are allocated according to the distance of the historical cycle, so that the prediction accuracy can reach more than 80%. The accuracy of the prediction greatly reduces the extra burden caused by redundancy in several types of Bluetooth 4G dual-active modes, and the overall calculation amount is not large and does not take much time), and dynamic weight adjustment is carried out according to various prediction parameters, so that a suitable communication mode can be adopted in complex scenarios to realize the reliable transmission of data. Moreover, in such a situation, a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the judgment threshold is also designed, and special situations are treated specially, so that the handover mechanism is more intelligent and is conducive to greatly reducing or even avoiding the occurrence of the "ping-pong effect".

[0044] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present application more obvious and understandable, the following specifically gives preferred embodiments and detailed descriptions are made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0046] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for the Internet of Things device provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figure 2 It is the operation process for the control chip to run the Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method of the Internet of Things device.

[0048] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the historical period, current period, and future period. Detailed implementation manners

[0049] The following will describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0050] Wireless communication is the key to enabling the Internet of Things devices to be interconnected. In this embodiment, a control chip and a dual-communication module including Bluetooth communication and 4G communication are provided on the Internet of Things device. In this embodiment, a Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for the Internet of Things device is developed to improve the drawbacks of the dual-mode communication switching scheme on existing Internet of Things devices. After the device is powered on, the control chip can run the Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method of the Internet of Things device through periodic event triggering (such as one cycle per second, one cycle every three seconds, etc.) and event-driven triggering (such as events before data transmission, signal anomaly warning, etc.).

[0051] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 1 It is a flowchart of the Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for the Internet of Things device provided by the embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 It is the operation process for the control chip to run the Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method of the Internet of Things device. The Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for the Internet of Things device may include step S10, step S20, and step S30.

[0052] First, step S10 can be run.

[0053] Step S10: Obtain Bluetooth signal quality parameters and 4G signal quality parameters, where the Bluetooth signal quality parameters include RSSI, PLR, INT, and the 4G signal quality parameters include RSRP, SINR, BSL.

[0054] In this embodiment, the control chip can obtain the current Bluetooth signal quality parameters and 4G signal quality parameters. The Bluetooth signal quality parameters include RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator), PLR (Packet Loss Rate), and INT (Interference Level), while the 4G signal quality parameters include RSRP (Reference Signal Received Power), SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), and BSL (Base Station Load).

[0055] After obtaining the Bluetooth signal quality parameters and 4G signal quality parameters, the control chip can execute step S20.

[0056] Step S20: Calculate the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE based on the Bluetooth signal quality parameters, and calculate the 4G signal score Score4G based on the 4G signal quality parameters.

[0057] In this embodiment, before calculating the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE and the 4G signal score Score4G, it is necessary to normalize the obtained parameters to map the original values such as RSSI, PLR, INT, RSRP, SINR, and BSL to the [0, 1] interval to unify the dimension.

[0058] For example, the normalization of RSSI: , (1)

[0059] The normalization of PLR: , (2)

[0060] The normalization of INT: , (3)

[0061] The normalization of RSRP: , (4)

[0062] The normalization of SINR: , (5)

[0063] The normalization of BSL: , (6)

[0064] After normalization is completed, the control chip can calculate the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE based on the Bluetooth signal quality parameters: ScoreBLE = w1*RSSI + w2*(1 - PLR) + w3*(1 / INT), (7)

[0065] Among them, ScoreBLE is the Bluetooth signal score, and w1, w2, and w3 are the weight coefficients of the Bluetooth signal quality parameters. Note that INT usually does not have a case of being 0, so no division-by-zero avoidance is made here.

[0066] Considering that the weight allocation in the Bluetooth mobile scenario needs to improve the weights of stability and anti-interference related parameters: increase w2 (weight of packet loss rate): the packet loss rate is sensitive during movement, and data reliability needs to be guaranteed first. Increase w3 (weight of interference intensity): suppress the influence of multipath interference and adjacent device interference. Decrease w1 (weight of received signal strength): the signal strength fluctuates greatly in the short term, and over-reliance on instantaneous values should be avoided.

[0067] Therefore, the update method of the weight coefficients w1, w2, and w3 is designed as follows: If RSSI, PLR, and INT (after normalization) are all within their corresponding set ranges (for example, the set range of RSSI is [0.6, 1], the set range of PLR is [0, 0.05], and the set range of INT is [0.6, 1], and the set range is only for reference), the weight coefficients w1, w2, and w3 are not adjusted. Otherwise, decrease w1, increase w2, and increase w3. For example, decrease w1 to the set value (such as originally 0.3, decreased to 0.1), increase w2 to the set value (for example, originally 0.4, increased to 0.5), and increase w3 to the set value (for example, originally 0.3, increased to 0.4); or, dynamically adjust w1, w2, and w3 according to the values of RSSI, PLR, and INT. However, in this embodiment, taking the example of decreasing w1 to the set value, increasing w2 to the set value, and increasing w3 to the set value to reduce the calculation amount, it is not limited here.

[0068] And, the control chip can calculate the 4G signal score Score4G based on the 4G signal quality parameters: Score4G = k1*RSRP + k2*SINR + k3*(1 - BSL), (8)

[0069] Among them, Score4G is the 4G signal score, and k1, k2, and k3 are the weight coefficients of the 4G signal quality parameters.

[0070] Considering that the weight allocation in the 4G mobile scenario needs to enhance the weights of stability and anti-interference related parameters: Increase k2 (SINR weight): SINR directly reflects the signal quality, and high signal-to-noise ratio needs to be prioritized during movement. Increase k3 (base station load weight): Avoid transmission delays caused by accessing high-load base stations. Appropriately reduce k1 (RSRP weight): Although the signal coverage is wide, its stability is insufficient, so its priority needs to be weakened.

[0071] Therefore, the update method of the weight coefficients k1, k2, and k3 is designed as follows: If RSRP, SINR, and BSL are all within their corresponding set ranges (for example, the set range of RSRP is [0.6, 1], the set range of SINR is [0.7, 1], and the set range of BSL is [0, 0.5], this is just an example here), the weight coefficients k1, k2, and k3 remain unchanged; otherwise, reduce k1, increase k2, and increase k3. For example, reduce k1 to the set value (for example, from 0.3 to 0.15), increase k2 to the set value (for example, from 0.35 to 0.45), and increase k3 to the set value (for example, from 0.35 to 0.4). Or, dynamically adjust k1, k2, and k3 according to the values of RSRP, SINR, and BSL. However, in this embodiment, taking reducing k1 to the set value, increasing k2 to the set value, and increasing k3 to the set value as an example, the calculation amount is reduced, and this is not limited here.

[0072] After calculating the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE and the 4G signal score Score4G in the current cycle, the control chip can execute step S30.

[0073] Step S30: Based on the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE and the 4G signal score Score4G, determine the target communication mode, and control the communication mode switching of the dual communication module based on the target communication mode. Among them, the communication modes include the Bluetooth communication main mode, the 4G communication main mode, and the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode. The Bluetooth communication main mode means that Bluetooth is the current main link and 4G is in low-power standby. The 4G communication main mode means that 4G is the current main link and Bluetooth maintains a heartbeat connection. The Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously. The sleep mode is not separately described here, but it should not be considered as having no sleep mode.

[0074] In this embodiment, the control chip can calculate the absolute difference D between the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE and the 4G signal score Score4G: D = |ScoreBLE - Score4G|, (9)

[0075] After calculating the absolute difference D, the control chip can obtain the judgment threshold Δ for the current cycle based on the current communication mode (the communication mode determined in the current cycle before switching to the target communication mode, that is, the communication mode determined in the previous cycle after switching to the target communication mode).

[0076] If the current communication mode is the Bluetooth communication master mode or the 4G communication master mode, obtain the set value (i.e., a set fixed value, denoted as S) as the judgment threshold Δ; if the current communication mode is the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode, it is necessary to obtain the predicted threshold of the previous cycle (the calculation of the predicted threshold will be introduced in detail later) as the judgment threshold Δ.

[0077] After determining the judgment threshold Δ for the current cycle, the control chip can make a judgment:

[0078] If ScoreBLE > Score4G and D > Δ, it indicates that Bluetooth communication has a more obvious advantage in the current cycle. Therefore, determine the Bluetooth communication master mode as the target communication mode.

[0079] If Score4G > ScoreBLE and D > Δ, it indicates that 4G communication has a more obvious advantage in the current cycle. Therefore, determine the 4G communication master mode as the target communication mode.

[0080] If D ≤ Δ, then the control chip needs to predict the future change trend of the absolute difference D to obtain the predicted difference D', and determine the target communication mode based on the predicted difference D'.

[0081] Exemplarily, the control chip can obtain historical cycle data, and the historical cycle data includes the Bluetooth signal quality parameters and 4G signal quality parameters of the n cycles before the current cycle. The relationship between the historical cycle, the current cycle, and the future cycle is as Figure 3 shown.

[0082] Accordingly, the control chip can determine the Bluetooth prediction data based on the Bluetooth signal quality parameters of the previous n cycles. Among them, the Bluetooth prediction data includes RSSI', PLR', and INT'.

[0083] Calculate RSSI', PLR', and INT' using the following formulas: , (10) , (11) , (12)

[0084] Among them, RSSI' is the predicted received signal strength of the future cycle, PLR' is the predicted packet loss rate of the future cycle, and INT' is the predicted interference strength of the future cycle, is the average value of the received signal strengths of the previous n cycles, is the received signal strength of the first i-th cycle among the first n cycles, is the corresponding weight (the larger i is, the smaller it is. Taking 10 historical cycles as an example, the weights can be designed in a decaying manner such as 1.0, 0.9, 0.8, …, 0.1), is the packet loss rate of the first 1st cycle among the first n cycles, and are respectively the packet loss rate of the first i-th cycle and the packet loss rate of the first (i + 1)-th cycle among the first n cycles, is the corresponding weight (a decaying mechanism similar to that of can be adopted, or a comprehensive calculation can be carried out based on the decaying mechanism in combination with the values of in the corresponding cycle. In this embodiment, a simple decaying mechanism is taken as an example), is the average value of the interference intensity of the first n cycles, is the interference intensity of the first i-th cycle among the first n cycles, is the corresponding weight (adopting a decaying mechanism), is the maximum difference in interference intensity between two adjacent cycles among the first n cycles, is the reference interference intensity difference, is the cycle number of the historical cycle that is closest to the current cycle and the interference intensity difference between two adjacent cycles among the first n cycles exceeds the reference interference intensity difference , is the average value of the interference intensity of the first m cycles, is the interference intensity of the first j-th cycle among the first m cycles, is the corresponding weight (also adopting a decaying mechanism).

[0085] Moreover, the control chip can determine 4G prediction data based on the 4G signal quality parameters of the first n cycles, where the 4G prediction data includes RSRP’, SINR’, and BSL’.

[0086] Due to the similar parameter characteristics of RSRP’, SINR’, and BSL’ to those of RSSI’, PLR’, and INT’, the following formulas are used to calculate RSRP’, SINR’, and BSL’: , (13) , (14) , (15)

[0087] Wherein, RSRP’ is the signal quality parameter of the predicted future period, SINR’ is the signal-to-noise ratio of the predicted future period, and BSL’ is the base station load of the predicted future period. is the mean of the signal quality parameters of the previous n periods. is the signal quality parameter of the previous i-th period among the previous n periods. is the corresponding weight. is the mean of the signal-to-noise ratios of the previous n periods. is the signal-to-noise ratio of the previous i-th period among the previous n periods. is the corresponding weight. is the maximum signal-to-noise ratio difference between two adjacent periods among the previous n periods. is the reference signal-to-noise ratio difference. is the signal-to-noise ratio difference between two adjacent periods among the previous n periods that exceeds the reference signal-to-noise ratio difference and the period number of the historical period closest to the current period. is the mean of the signal-to-noise ratios of the previous p periods. is the interference intensity of the previous k-th period among the previous m periods. is the corresponding weight. is the base station load of the previous 1st period among the previous n periods. and are respectively the base station load of the previous i-th period and the base station load of the previous i+1-th period among the previous n periods. is the corresponding weight.

[0088] After calculating the Bluetooth prediction data and 4G prediction data, the prediction difference D’ can be further determined.

[0089] Exemplarily, based on RSSI’, PLR’, and INT’ in the Bluetooth prediction data, the weight coefficients w1’, w2’, and w3’ need to be determined (the determination method is as described above), and the following formula is used to calculate the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE’ of the future period: ScoreBLE’ = w1’*RSSI’ + w2’*(1-PLR’) + w3’*(1 / INT’), (16)

[0090] Moreover, based on RSRP’, SINR’, and BSL’ in the 4G prediction data, the weight coefficients k1’, k2’, and k3’ are determined (the determination method is as described above), and the following formula is used to calculate the 4G signal score Score4G’ of the future period: Score4G’ = k1’*RSRP’+ k2’*SINR’+ k3’*(1-BSL’), (17)

[0091] Calculate the predicted difference D’ between the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE’ in the future period and the 4G signal score Score4G’ in the future period (as described above, the absolute value of their subtraction).

[0092] Accordingly, based on the predicted difference D’, the target communication mode can be determined.

[0093] In this embodiment, the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode is subdivided into Class I Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode, Class II Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode, and Class III Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode.

[0094] The Class I Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously, and the data transmission adopts the Class I hybrid transmission mode. The Class I hybrid transmission mode means that when Bluetooth transmits data fragments, it redundantly transmits the data fragments transmitted by 4G at the end. If 4G completes the data fragment transmission, the transmission of the redundant part by Bluetooth is terminated. If 4G does not complete the data fragment transmission, the transmission of the redundant part by Bluetooth continues.

[0095] The Class II Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously, and the data transmission adopts the Class II hybrid transmission mode. The Class II hybrid transmission mode means that when 4G transmits data fragments, it redundantly transmits the data fragments transmitted by Bluetooth at the end. If Bluetooth completes the data fragment transmission, the transmission of the redundant part by 4G is terminated. If Bluetooth does not complete the data fragment transmission, the transmission of the redundant part by 4G continues.

[0096] The Class III Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously, and the data transmission adopts the Class III transmission mode. The Class III transmission mode means that Bluetooth and 4G adopt data fragment transmission.

[0097] It should be noted that this embodiment does not consider the situation applied to high-reliability scenarios (such as medical devices, industrial scenarios, etc.), because in such scenarios, it is usually in a state of dual-mode simultaneous activation for a long time to ensure reliable data transmission, and hardly involves the switching problem mainly solved in this embodiment. For example, it takes 100 ms for Bluetooth to transmit a data fragment, and when it is determined that the transmission of the data fragment of the redundant part is completed, the transmission of the redundant part is terminated, and this process can be controlled within 50 ms. Therefore, bandwidth can be saved and efficiency can be improved in this case.

[0098] Accordingly, the control chip can determine a prediction threshold Δ' based on RSSI', PLR', INT' in the Bluetooth prediction data and RSRP', SINR', BSL' in the 4G prediction data. The method for determining the prediction threshold Δ' here can be a value dynamically calculated by considering the changes in the values of each prediction parameter compared to the current period, or it can be an empirical value set according to the type of the IoT device and the application scenario. For example: Δ' = 0.5S + 0.5 * [a1 * (RSSI' - RSSI) + a2 * (PLR' - PLR) + a3 * (INT' - INT) + a4 * (RSRP' - RSRP) + a5 * (SINR' - SINR) + a6 * (BSL' - BSL)], (18)

[0099] Where S is a set fixed value, and a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6 are weight parameters.

[0100] After determining the prediction threshold Δ', it can be judged that:

[0101] If ScoreBLE' > Score4G' and D' > Δ', determine the Class I Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode as the target communication mode.

[0102] If Score4G' > ScoreBLE' and D' > Δ', determine the Class II Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode as the target communication mode.

[0103] If D' ≤ Δ', determine the Class III Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode as the target communication mode.

[0104] Based on RSSI’, PLR’, INT’ in the Bluetooth prediction data and RSRP’, SINR’, BSL’ in the 4G prediction data, a prediction threshold Δ’ is determined; if ScoreBLE’ > Score4G’ and D’ > Δ’, the Class-I Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode is determined as the target communication mode, where the Class-I Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously, and the data transmission adopts the Class-I hybrid transmission mode. The Class-I hybrid transmission mode means that when Bluetooth transmits data fragments, it redundantly transmits the data fragments transmitted by 4G at the end. If 4G completes the data fragment transmission, the transmission of the redundant part by Bluetooth is terminated; if 4G does not complete the data fragment transmission, the transmission of the redundant part by Bluetooth continues; if Score4G’ > ScoreBLE’ and D’ > Δ’, the Class-II Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode is determined as the target communication mode. The Class-II Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously, and the data transmission adopts the Class-II hybrid transmission mode. The Class-II hybrid transmission mode means that when 4G transmits data fragments, it redundantly transmits the data fragments transmitted by Bluetooth at the end. If Bluetooth completes the data fragment transmission, the transmission of the redundant part by 4G is terminated; if Bluetooth does not complete the data fragment transmission, the transmission of the redundant part by 4G continues; if D’ ≤ Δ’, the Class-III Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode is determined as the target communication mode. The Class-III Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously, and the data transmission adopts the Class-III transmission mode. The Class-III transmission mode means that Bluetooth and 4G adopt data fragment transmission.

[0105] After determining the target communication mode, the control chip can control the communication mode switching of the dual communication module based on the target communication mode. For example, switch the Bluetooth communication main mode to the Class-III Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode; or switch from the Class-II Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode to the 4G communication main mode. Such a switching mechanism enables the dual-active mode to serve as a good transition for mode switching and can fully utilize the advantages of the dual-active mode. For example, when a user device gradually approaches the Internet of Things device from a distance, it will switch from the 4G communication main mode to the dual-active mode; another example is that in the case of short distance, after the dual-active mode works properly for a period of time, due to mobile situations or complex interference sources, the 4G (or Bluetooth) communication state deteriorates, making Bluetooth (or 4G) gradually become the dominant communication mode. Due to the prediction mechanism of the dual-active mode, this changing trend can be sensed in advance, and the corresponding measures for the segmented dual-active mode have been prepared in advance according to the prediction situation (for example, when Bluetooth gradually becomes dominant, it will transition to the Class-I Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode, and redundancy has already started at this time. After one or two or three cycles, it is necessary to switch from the Class-I Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode to the Bluetooth communication main mode. Since redundancy has been done during transmission, 4G can directly exit the data transmission task) to achieve "seamless switching".

[0106] Overall, by adopting the Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method of this embodiment, it is possible to effectively avoid the existing common hard handover schemes (which are prone to short interruptions, with a typical time delay > 500 ms), and the handover time delay can be controlled within 100 ms (in most cases, the risk of communication interruption can be avoided, and the handover response time can be shortened to within 50 ms). Moreover, the handover accuracy can also be effectively improved. Due to the comprehensive calculation of multi-dimensional parameters for dynamic scoring, the misjudgment caused by the one-sidedness of parameters is eliminated, enabling the handover decision accuracy to be increased by more than 25% (compared with the existing single-parameter hard handover scheme). In the dual-active mode, three types of dual-active modes with different focuses are designed in detail to achieve the effective coordination of Bluetooth and 4G, resulting in an increase in throughput, a tendency to reduce power consumption, and an effective suppression of packet loss caused by communication interruption during handover, achieving an almost perfect "seamless handover".

[0107] Some extended schemes based on this solution (extended schemes that add some technical features based on this solution) should fall within the protection scope of this patent; and some alternative schemes of this solution: for example, using signal strength (the RSSI of Bluetooth and the RSRP of 4G), the packet loss rate of Bluetooth, and the base station load of 4G for scoring calculation. Although it is expected that the handover decision accuracy will decrease by about 15% - 20%, it is still better than the traditional single-parameter scheme; another example is that when obtaining parameters, using the hardware acquisition method or software simulation signal monitoring (compared with the hardware acquisition method, it is expected that the main control load will increase, the power consumption will rise, the real-time performance of scoring calculation will decrease, and the single-cycle duration of the overall handover scheme operation cycle also needs to increase), which should also belong to the equivalent scheme of this solution and fall within the protection scope of this patent.

[0108] In summary, the embodiment of the present application provides a Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for Internet of Things devices. A control chip and a dual-communication module including Bluetooth communication and 4G communication are provided on the Internet of Things device. The Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for Internet of Things devices provided by this solution is applied to the control chip. By obtaining Bluetooth signal quality parameters (including RSSI, PLR, INT) and 4G signal quality parameters (including RSRP, SINR, BSL), calculating a Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE based on the Bluetooth signal quality parameters, and calculating a 4G signal score Score4G based on the 4G signal quality parameters; accordingly, determining the target communication mode (Bluetooth communication main mode, 4G communication main mode, and Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode. The Bluetooth communication main mode means that Bluetooth is the current main link and 4G is in low-power standby. The 4G communication main mode means that 4G is the current main link and Bluetooth maintains a heartbeat connection. The Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously). By setting three modes and designing an intelligent dynamic scoring mechanism in this solution, when a certain communication (such as Bluetooth or 4G) has an obvious advantage (the score is significantly higher than the other party), single-mode communication is adopted to reduce power consumption. Moreover, using the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode as a transition for mode switching is conducive to achieving smooth switching; combined with the dynamic scoring mechanism (designing a dynamic scoring adjustment mechanism for situations with large parameter fluctuations, such as sudden signal fluctuations, signal interference, sudden increase in packet loss, and network load changes), the "ping-pong effect" can be effectively reduced. The Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode is applied in the situation where the dynamic platform differences between Bluetooth and 4G communications are not obvious (such as when both scores are high or both are not high). A cooperation mechanism when the dual-mode communication is simultaneously activated is established, which can effectively exert the advantages of the dual-mode communication and reduce bandwidth redundancy.

[0109] In the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode, a complete prediction, cooperation, and switching mechanism is established, which can effectively exert its smooth transition function. When a communication mode switch may occur in the predicted future period, partial redundancy is carried out in advance, and this kind of redundancy is dynamic redundancy, which can make an intelligent decision according to the data transmission situation of the redundant data (when the redundant party normally completes the data fragmentation transmission, the transmission of the data fragmentation part at the end of the redundancy is terminated in time, which can effectively save bandwidth redundancy; when the redundant party does not normally complete the data fragmentation transmission, the transmission of the data fragmentation part at the end of the redundancy is continued, which can ensure the integrity of the data and effectively reduce the data retransmission situation), which can not only ensure the reliable transmission of data, but also save bandwidth when unnecessary, realize the efficient cooperation when the Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication is simultaneously activated, and effectively exert the advantages of the dual-mode communication.

[0110] In the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode, a fine-grained handover mechanism is designed. Predictions are made in this mode, and the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode is subdivided into three types to handle different prediction scenarios. It can sense the upcoming handover in advance and use the corresponding data transmission mechanism for "early adaptation". When the future cycle arrives, an effect close to "seamless handover" can be achieved, avoiding the problem of uneven handover caused by the existing dual-mode communication handover mechanism (hard handover leads to a short interruption in communication, with a typical delay > 500 ms, resulting in data packet loss or service suspension). In the prediction, according to the Bluetooth signal quality parameters (including RSSI, PLR, INT) and 4G signal quality parameters (including RSRP, SINR, BSL) in complex scenarios (such as common mobile scenarios, which often cause significant fluctuations in one or more parameters), a parameter prediction scheme that conforms to its characteristics is designed (corresponding parameter prediction formulas are designed for different parameter characteristics, and corresponding prediction mechanisms are designed specifically for the sudden changes that may occur in various parameters in the mobile scenario. Appropriate weights are assigned according to the distance of the historical cycle, so that the prediction accuracy can reach over 80%. The accuracy of the prediction greatly reduces the extra burden caused by redundancy in several types of Bluetooth 4G dual-active modes, and the overall computational amount is not large and does not take much time), and dynamic weight adjustment is performed according to various prediction parameters, so that a suitable communication mode can be adopted in complex scenarios to achieve reliable data transmission. Also, in such a situation, an adjustment mechanism for the judgment threshold is dynamically designed, and special cases are treated specially, making the handover mechanism more intelligent and conducive to significantly reducing or even avoiding the occurrence of the "ping-pong effect".

[0111] The above are only the embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for Internet of Things devices, characterized in that, The Internet of Things device is equipped with a control chip and a dual-communication module including Bluetooth communication and 4G communication. The method is applied to the control chip and includes: Obtain Bluetooth signal quality parameters and 4G signal quality parameters. Among them, the Bluetooth signal quality parameters include RSSI, PLR, and INT, and the 4G signal quality parameters include RSRP, SINR, and BSL; Calculate the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE based on the Bluetooth signal quality parameters, and calculate the 4G signal score Score4G based on the 4G signal quality parameters; Based on the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE and the 4G signal score Score4G, determine the target communication mode, and control the communication mode switching of the dual-communication module based on the target communication mode. Among them, the communication modes include the Bluetooth communication main mode, the 4G communication main mode, and the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode. The Bluetooth communication main mode means that Bluetooth is the current main link and 4G is in low-power standby. The 4G communication main mode means that 4G is the current main link and Bluetooth maintains a heartbeat connection. The Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously.

2. The Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for the Internet of Things device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Calculating the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE based on the Bluetooth signal quality parameters, and calculating the 4G signal score Score4G based on the 4G signal quality parameters, includes: Use the following formula to calculate the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE: ScoreBLE = w1*RSSI + w2*(1 - PLR) + w3*(1 / INT), where ScoreBLE is the Bluetooth signal score, w1, w2, and w3 are the weight coefficients of the Bluetooth signal quality parameters, RSSI is the received signal strength, PLR is the packet loss rate, and INT is the interference strength; Use the following formula to calculate the 4G signal score Score4G: Score4G = k1*RSRP + k2*SINR + k3*(1 - BSL), where Score4G is the 4G signal score, k1, k2, and k3 are the weight coefficients of the 4G signal quality parameters, RSRP is the reference signal received power, SINR is the signal-to-noise ratio, and BSL is the base station load.

3. The Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for the Internet of Things device according to claim 2, wherein The update method of the weight coefficients w1, w2, and w3 is: If RSSI, PLR, and INT are all within their corresponding set ranges, the weight coefficients w1, w2, and w3 are not adjusted; otherwise, reduce w1, increase w2, and increase w3; If RSRP, SINR, and BSL are all within their corresponding set ranges, the weight coefficients k1, k2, and k3 are not adjusted; otherwise, reduce k1, increase k2, and increase k3.

4. The Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for the Internet of Things device according to claim 1, wherein The operating mode of the Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method of the Internet of Things device is periodic operation and signal event-driven trigger operation. Based on the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE and the 4G signal score Score4G, determining the target communication mode includes: Calculate the absolute difference D between the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE and the 4G signal score Score4G; Based on the current communication mode, obtain the judgment threshold Δ of the current cycle; If ScoreBLE > Score4G and D > Δ, determine the Bluetooth communication master mode as the target communication mode; If Score4G > ScoreBLE and D > Δ, determine the 4G communication master mode as the target communication mode; If D ≤ Δ, predict the future change trend of the absolute difference D to obtain the predicted difference D', and determine the target communication mode based on the predicted difference D'.

5. The Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for the Internet of Things device according to claim 4, characterized in that, Predicting the future change trend of the absolute difference D to obtain the predicted difference D' includes: Obtain historical cycle data, where the historical cycle data includes the Bluetooth signal quality parameters and 4G signal quality parameters of the n cycles before the current cycle; Based on the Bluetooth signal quality parameters of the previous n cycles, determine the Bluetooth prediction data, where the Bluetooth prediction data includes RSSI', PLR', and INT'; Based on the 4G signal quality parameters of the previous n cycles, determine the 4G prediction data, where the 4G prediction data includes RSRP', SINR', and BSL'; Determine the predicted difference D' based on the Bluetooth prediction data and the 4G prediction data.

6. The Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for the Internet of Things device according to claim 5, wherein, Based on the Bluetooth signal quality parameters of the previous n cycles, determining the Bluetooth prediction data includes: Calculate RSSI', PLR', and INT' using the following formula: ， ， ， Among them, RSSI’ is the received signal strength of the predicted future period, PLR’ is the packet loss rate of the predicted future period, and INT’ is the interference strength of the predicted future period. is the mean value of the received signal strengths of the previous n periods. is the received signal strength of the i-th previous period among the previous n periods. is the corresponding weight. is the packet loss rate of the 1st previous period among the previous n periods. and are respectively the packet loss rate of the i-th previous period and the packet loss rate of the (i + 1)-th previous period among the previous n periods. is the corresponding weight. is the mean value of the interference strengths of the previous n periods. is the interference strength of the i-th previous period among the previous n periods. is the corresponding weight. is the maximum difference in interference strengths between two adjacent periods among the previous n periods. is the reference interference strength difference. is that the difference in interference strengths between two adjacent periods among the previous n periods exceeds the reference interference strength difference and the sequence number of the historical period closest to the current period. is the mean value of the interference strengths of the previous m periods. is the interference strength of the j-th previous period among the previous m periods. is the corresponding weight.

7. The Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for the Internet of Things device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Based on the 4G signal quality parameters of the previous n cycles, determining the 4G prediction data includes: Calculate RSRP', SINR', and BSL' using the following formula: ， ， ， Among them, RSRP’ is the signal quality parameter of the predicted future period, SINR’ is the signal-to-noise ratio of the predicted future period, and BSL’ is the base station load of the predicted future period. is the mean of the signal quality parameters of the previous n periods. is the signal quality parameter of the previous i-th period among the previous n periods. is the corresponding weight. is the mean of the signal-to-noise ratios of the previous n periods. is the signal-to-noise ratio of the previous i-th period among the previous n periods. is the corresponding weight. is the maximum signal-to-noise ratio difference between two adjacent periods among the previous n periods. is the reference signal-to-noise ratio difference. is that the signal-to-noise ratio difference between two adjacent periods among the previous n periods exceeds the reference signal-to-noise ratio difference and the cycle number of the historical cycle closest to the current cycle. is the mean of the signal-to-noise ratios of the previous p periods. is the interference intensity of the previous k-th period among the previous m periods. is the corresponding weight. is the base station load of the previous 1st period among the previous n periods. and are respectively the base station load of the previous i-th period and the base station load of the previous i + 1-th period among the previous n periods. is the corresponding weight.

8. The Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for the Internet of Things device according to claim 5, characterized in that, Determining the predicted difference D' based on the Bluetooth prediction data and the 4G prediction data includes: Based on RSSI', PLR', and INT' in the Bluetooth prediction data, determine the weight coefficients w1', w2', and w3', and calculate the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE' for the future cycle using the following formula: ScoreBLE' = w1' * RSSI' + w2' * (1 - PLR') + w3' * (1 / INT'), where ScoreBLE' is the Bluetooth signal score for the future cycle; Based on RSRP', SINR', and BSL' in the 4G prediction data, determine the weight coefficients k1', k2', and k3', and calculate the 4G signal score Score4G' for the future cycle using the following formula: Score4G' = k1' * RSRP' + k2' * SINR' + k3' * (1 - BSL'), where Score4G' is the 4G signal score for the future cycle; Calculate the predicted difference D' between the Bluetooth signal score ScoreBLE' for the future cycle and the 4G signal score Score4G' for the future cycle.

9. The Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for the Internet of Things device according to claim 5, wherein, The Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode includes the Class I Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode, the Class II Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode, and the Class III Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode. Based on the predicted difference D', determining the target communication mode includes: Based on RSSI', PLR', INT' in the Bluetooth prediction data and RSRP', SINR', BSL' in the 4G prediction data, determine the prediction threshold Δ'. If ScoreBLE’ > Score4G’ and D’ > Δ’, determine the Class-I Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode as the target communication mode. Here, the Class-I Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously, and the data transmission adopts the Class-I hybrid transmission mode. The Class-I hybrid transmission mode means that when Bluetooth transmits data fragments, it redundantly transmits the data fragments transmitted by 4G at the end. If 4G completes the data fragment transmission, the transmission of the redundant part by Bluetooth is terminated; if 4G does not complete the data fragment transmission, the transmission of the redundant part by Bluetooth continues. If Score4G’ > ScoreBLE’ and D’ > Δ’, determine the Class-II Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode as the target communication mode. Here, the Class-II Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously, and the data transmission adopts the Class-II hybrid transmission mode. The Class-II hybrid transmission mode means that when 4G transmits data fragments, it redundantly transmits the data fragments transmitted by Bluetooth at the end. If Bluetooth completes the data fragment transmission, the transmission of the redundant part by 4G is terminated; if Bluetooth does not complete the data fragment transmission, the transmission of the redundant part by 4G continues. If D’ ≤ Δ’, determine the Class-III Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode as the target communication mode. Here, the Class-III Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode means that Bluetooth and 4G work simultaneously, and the data transmission adopts the Class-III transmission mode. The Class-III transmission mode means that Bluetooth and 4G adopt data fragment transmission.

10. The Bluetooth 4G dual-mode communication method for the Internet of Things device according to claim 9, characterized in that, Based on the current communication mode, obtain the judgment threshold Δ for the current cycle, including: If the current communication mode is the Bluetooth communication main mode or the 4G communication main mode, obtain the set value as the judgment threshold Δ. If the current communication mode is the Bluetooth 4G dual-active mode, obtain the predicted threshold of the previous cycle as the judgment threshold Δ.

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