Ecological photovoltaic method and system, photovoltaic cable and photovoltaic rod

Abstract

The invention provides an ecological photovoltaic (power generation) method and system, a photovoltaic cable and a photovoltaic rod. A bearing cable, a photovoltaic cell layer, a transparent protective layer and other components are made into a linear photovoltaic cell assembly, namely the photovoltaic cable; thousands of photovoltaic cables are suspended in the air at intervals for power generation. The device does not need a stable cable or high-altitude installation operation, is large in span, has few pile foundations, hardly obstructs the operation of large agricultural machinery, is high in shadow movement frequency and speed, can repeatedly shield sunlight of the same crop every day, and can enable the crop to intermittently illuminate and normally grow; in addition, irrigation, light supplementation, bird repelling and rat repelling can be achieved. According to the invention, a broad new field in which photovoltaic power generation is not affected by cultivation is developed, and a unique technical solution is provided for guaranteeing the dual safety of energy and grains.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of ecological photovoltaics, and particularly relates to an ecological photovoltaics (i.e., environment-friendly solar power generation) method, its system, a photovoltaic cable, and a photovoltaic rod. Background Art

[0002] Ecological photovoltaics is a new technology and development model that combines photovoltaic power generation with ecological environment protection and agricultural, pastoral, and fishery production. It not only focuses on using solar energy for power generation but also emphasizes protecting and improving the ecological environment during the power generation process, creating a win-win situation for energy development, environmental protection, and agricultural, pastoral, and fishery production. Chinese Patent (CN113345974A) discloses an "agro-photovoltaic power generation device" applied by Beijing Changri New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. It includes multiple battery components, and each battery component includes multiple battery cells and a light-receiving layer; among them, the light-receiving layer is a flexible light-receiving layer, and there are gaps between adjacent battery cells among the multiple battery cells, so that the overall formed by the light-receiving layer and the multiple battery cells can utilize the flexibility of the light-receiving layer and the gaps between the multiple battery cells to achieve bending, and further achieve the bending of the battery component, so that the battery component can not only be installed in an application scenario where the installation surface is highly consistent with the shape of the battery component, but also be installed in an application scenario where the contact surface between the installation surface and the battery component is inconsistent, thereby enabling the agro-photovoltaic power generation device to be applicable to more application scenarios and helping to improve the practicability of the agro-photovoltaic power generation device. However, it is found in practice that its serious deficiency lies in: as shown in its " Figure 6 ", a large number of its pile foundations occupy a large amount of cultivated land area and seriously hinder agricultural mechanized production operations.

[0003] Guiyang Investigation, Design and Research Institute of Geotechnical Engineering Co., Ltd. of China Hydropower Engineering Consulting Group, as the patent applicant, has proposed four patent applications, namely, "A rocky desertification control system for a large-span flexible support photovoltaic power station (CN219812768U)", "A large-span hyperbolic suspension flexible photovoltaic support (CN219834036U)", "A large-span prestressed double-layer cable net structure photovoltaic support and its installation method (CN116780986A)", and "A large-span flexible cable net structure photovoltaic support (CN116667755A)". In addition, there are also patent applications such as "Saddle-shaped cable net flexible photovoltaic system (CN214045502U)" proposed by Zhejiang Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd. of China Energy Engineering Group. These patent applications for cable structure flexible photovoltaic support systems have a common technical point: that is, a triangular cable structure flexible photovoltaic support is built using "two (special) load-bearing cables" and "one stabilizing cable" to support and fix photovoltaic panels to ensure that the incident angle of sunlight does not change greatly due to the wind, so as to maintain the stability of the photovoltaic cells and avoid large fluctuations in power generation (current).

[0004] Shenzhen Antaik Energy & Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., as the patent applicant, has proposed a patent for "a flexible photovoltaic support (CN215646660U)", which includes a cable component sequentially arranged on each first support component, and a plurality of photovoltaic components are arranged on the cable component, so that the photovoltaic components can be inclined to face the sun. The cable structure flexible photovoltaic support further includes a connecting cable, which is located between adjacent first support components and can connect each cable component into an integrated body. The end of the connecting cable is connected to the second support component through an elastic component. It can effectively reduce the loss of the prestress of the connecting cable, avoid its relaxation, ensure the strength of bearing the cable component, and improve the stability of the cable structure flexible photovoltaic support. Its background technology also points out that "there are certain problems in the actual use of the existing flexible photovoltaic support. Since its photovoltaic components are connected in series by cables made of steel strands and only have a large stiffness in the axial direction, it is very easy to have a torsional movement under the action of wind load, which is very likely to cause damage to the photovoltaic components. In the prior art, a connecting cable is often used to connect each cable into an integrated body to improve the stability of the flexible photovoltaic support, but the connecting cable will become loose after being used for a period of time, affecting the stability of the flexible photovoltaic support". By comparison, as shown in its " Figure 1 and Figure 6 ", the cable structure flexible photovoltaic support also uses many components such as "the first connecting rod 91, the second connecting rod 92 and the third connecting rod 93, the lower chord cable 80 and the upper cable 11 and the lower cable 12" to build a cable structure flexible photovoltaic support with a triangular structure for supporting and fixing the photovoltaic panels to ensure that the incident angle of sunlight will not change greatly due to the wind, so as to maintain the stability of the photovoltaic cells and avoid large fluctuations in power generation (current).

[0005] In order to meet the cultivated land protection strategy of "the land used for photovoltaic arrays shall not occupy cultivated land. If it occupies other agricultural land, it shall be reasonably controlled according to the actual situation, make intensive use of land, and try to avoid affecting the ecology and agricultural production". In the prior art, the method of complementary use of agriculture and photovoltaic is mostly adopted. It is stipulated that when setting up photovoltaic arrays such as flexible photovoltaic supports in cultivated land and permanent basic farmland, the complementary use mode of agriculture and photovoltaic must be adopted. In principle, the lowest edge of the photovoltaic components should be higher than 2.5 meters above the ground, the column spacing of the pile foundation should be greater than 4 meters, and the row spacing should be greater than 10 meters. Except for the land used for pile foundations, it is strictly prohibited to harden the ground and damage the tillage layer. For the photovoltaic arrays set on the water surface, the lowest edge of the components should be higher than the highest water level by 0.6 meters. For the land used for photovoltaic arrays set on forest land, the complementary use mode of forest and photovoltaic must be adopted. Shrub land in areas with an annual precipitation of less than 400 mm and shrub land with a coverage of less than 50% in other areas can be used. It is not allowed to cut down trees, cut shrubs and damage the original vegetation, and it is not allowed to cut and transform tree land, bamboo land, etc. into shrub land and then install photovoltaic panels; the net spacing in the north-south direction of each row of photovoltaic panels should be reasonably set, and effective soil and water conservation measures should be taken to ensure that the growth state such as shrub coverage is not lower than the level before the complementary use of forest and photovoltaic.

[0006] The inventor of the present invention has tracked and investigated the implementation of hundreds of patented technologies such as the above-mentioned cable structure flexible photovoltaic support and "agricultural-photovoltaic complementary", and investigated the implementation of the group standard "Technical Guidelines for the Design and Installation of Photovoltaic Flexible Supports" (T / CPIA0047-2022) issued by the China Photovoltaic Industry Association on December 30, 2022, and found that there are many serious technical defects in the existing cable structure flexible photovoltaic support system technology: First, the span is small (the largest span currently available in the market is 60 meters), and a large number of dense pile foundations occupy a large amount of cultivated land area and seriously hinder agricultural mechanization operations; Second, the shadow is wide (the photovoltaic panels with a width of 2.281m×1.134m are generally used in the market currently), which seriously hinders the normal photosynthesis of crops, resulting in the abnormal growth of crops and the abnormal cultivation of cultivated land; Third, the maintenance cost of the photovoltaic scheme of the cable structure flexible photovoltaic support is high, it is difficult to erect at high altitudes, it is easy to twist in strong winds, it is easy to be destroyed by typhoons, it is easy to vibrate in light winds, it is easy to be broken by heavy snow and freezing rain, it is difficult to clean the dust on the panel surface, it is easy to be damaged, the service life is short, and the power generation (current) fluctuates greatly. In order to maintain the stability of the photovoltaic panels and the stability of their current, a large amount of "stability maintenance costs" such as anti-twisting and anti-typhoon are paid; Fourth, the photovoltaic panels are very wide, very dense and very low, and the crops below them stay in the same (large area) shadow for a long time (at least half a day), and cannot receive sunlight for multiple times and for a long time (such as the whole day) to carry out normal photosynthesis. And crops need sunlight throughout the day to grow, especially light-loving crops. In other words, the current "agricultural-photovoltaic complementary" technology is easy to damage the ecology and easy to cause crop yield reduction, and it is difficult for "agriculture" and "photovoltaic" to achieve complementary win-win results.

[0007] Professional technical personnel in the photovoltaic industry all know that the installation of photovoltaic panels must be carried out on a solid support structure, such as a roof, a support or a ground support frame. These support structures must be able to bear the weight of the photovoltaic panels and the influence of the external environment, and ensure that the photovoltaic panels are firmly installed on them to resist the influence of bad weather conditions such as wind vibration. In addition, the installation angle and orientation of the photovoltaic panels should also be optimized to absorb solar energy to the greatest extent and maximize the power generation. There is also a method of using a solar tracking system to adjust the optimal orientation and angle so that the photovoltaic panels are always perpendicular to the sun's rays. To sum up, the installation of photovoltaic panels must meet the stability standard: first, to maintain stability, and second, to prevent the influence of wind vibration and the like to avoid the fluctuation of power generation (current), thereby affecting the power generation efficiency.

[0008] The inventor asked ChatGPT the question, "Is there a technology where a randomly moving photovoltaic panel can still generate electricity normally?" The answer was: Currently, there is no photovoltaic panel technology that can still generate electricity normally in a randomly moving state. The power generation efficiency of photovoltaic panels is affected by various factors, including light intensity, solar angle, surface contamination, temperature, etc. When the photovoltaic panels are randomly moving, it is impossible to effectively control these factors, so the power generation efficiency will be greatly affected. Currently, the installation of photovoltaic panels usually requires ensuring that they are firmly fixed on the support structure to capture solar energy to the greatest extent and maximize the power output. If the photovoltaic panels are in a randomly moving state, their angles and orientations may change randomly continuously, resulting in a significant reduction in the effective capture rate of solar energy, thus affecting the power output. Therefore, to ensure the normal power generation of photovoltaic panels, they need to be installed on a stable support structure and their angles and orientations optimized to make the most of solar energy resources. Summary of the Invention

[0009] One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide an ecological photovoltaic (power generation) method where even if the photovoltaic cells move randomly, they can still generate electricity normally and stably, in order to overcome many technical defects of the current photovoltaic scheme with a cable structure flexible photovoltaic support, such as difficult high-altitude erection, high installation labor costs, difficult cleaning and maintenance, short service life, easy to twist / vibrate in the wind, extremely high "stabilization costs", large power generation fluctuations, small span, wide shadow, many pile foundations, hindering large agricultural machinery operations, affecting crop growth, the cultivated land cannot be cultivated normally, narrow application range, and the abundant solar energy resources above the cultivated land are difficult to exploit and utilize at low cost, etc., improve the utilization efficiency of the surface such as cultivated land and water surface, and promote the development of renewable energy.

[0010] Another objective of the present invention is to provide an ecological photovoltaic (power generation) system where even if the photovoltaic cells move randomly, they can still generate electricity normally and stably, in order to overcome many technical defects of the current photovoltaic scheme with a cable structure flexible photovoltaic support, such as difficult high-altitude erection, high installation labor costs, difficult cleaning and maintenance, short service life, easy to twist / vibrate in the wind, extremely high "stabilization costs", large power generation fluctuations, small span, wide shadow, many pile foundations, hindering large agricultural machinery operations, affecting crop growth, the cultivated land cannot be cultivated normally, narrow application range, and the abundant solar energy resources above the cultivated land are difficult to exploit and utilize at low cost, etc., improve the utilization efficiency of the surface such as cultivated land and water surface, and promote the development of renewable energy.

[0011] The third object of the present invention is to provide an ecological photovoltaic (power generation suspension) cable that can generate electricity normally and stably even when the photovoltaic cells move randomly, in order to overcome the many technical defects of the current cable structure flexible photovoltaic support photovoltaic scheme, such as difficult high-altitude erection, high installation labor costs, difficult cleaning and maintenance, short service life, easy twisting / vibration, extremely high "stability maintenance costs", large power generation fluctuations, small span, wide shadow, many pile foundations, hindering large agricultural machinery operations, affecting crop growth, unable to cultivate arable land normally, narrow application range, and difficult to exploit and utilize the surplus solar energy resources above arable land at low cost, so as to improve the utilization efficiency of the surface such as arable land and water surface and promote the development of renewable energy.

[0012] The fourth object of the present invention is to provide an ecological photovoltaic (power generation) rod that can generate electricity normally and stably even when the photovoltaic cells move randomly, in order to overcome the many technical defects of the current cable structure flexible photovoltaic support photovoltaic scheme, such as difficult high-altitude erection, high installation labor costs, difficult cleaning and maintenance, short service life, easy twisting / vibration, extremely high "stability maintenance costs", large power generation fluctuations, small span, wide shadow, many pile foundations, hindering large agricultural machinery operations, affecting crop growth, unable to cultivate arable land normally, narrow application range, and difficult to exploit and utilize the surplus solar energy resources above arable land at low cost, so as to improve the utilization efficiency of the surface such as arable land and water surface and promote the development of renewable energy.

[0013] In order to achieve one of the above-mentioned invention objects, an ecological photovoltaic (power generation) method provided by the present invention, which can generate electricity normally and stably even when the photovoltaic cells move randomly, is as follows.

[0014] The present invention provides an ecological photovoltaic (power generation) method, which includes the following steps: ① Set (i.e., fix) the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer on a load-bearing cable (such as one), and encapsulate and manufacture a linear photovoltaic cell module - photovoltaic cable supported by the load-bearing cable (tension or prestress) (such as a cable-shaped one); the thickness dimension (i.e., diameter or width) of the photovoltaic cable is D; Preferably, the cross-section of the photovoltaic cable is preferably circular (it is found that the wind resistance of a regular circular photovoltaic cable is the smallest, the wind vibration is the lightest, there is no wind sound, no matter where the wind comes from, the photovoltaic cable will not generate torque, no matter how it swings, its light-receiving amount remains unchanged, the power generation fluctuation is the smallest, almost no fluctuation), and it can also be (but it is not recommended to use) a triangular, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, dodecagonal, etc. (close to a circle) polygonal prism surface; Preferably, D ≤ 10 mm or 20 mm or 30 mm or 50 mm or 100 mm or 200 mm or 300 mm or 500 mm or 680 mm or 880 mm or 2580 mm or any other suitable thickness dimension; the optimal thickness dimension D is from 10 mm to 200 mm, because the photovoltaic cable with this thickness dimension has a narrow shadow in the cultivated land, takes a short time to pass over the same crop, and sunlight can be intermittently distributed to all crops for a long time without affecting normal photosynthesis. Moreover, it is light, narrow, and has a small wind resistance, so its span L can be made very large (for example, greater than 120 meters or 500 meters), and thus it will not hinder the operation of large agricultural machinery; ② Suspend (preferably horizontally) multiple photovoltaic cables at intervals through tall supports above the ground surface; set the height of the photovoltaic cable from the top of the crop or the ground / water surface (i.e., the ground surface) as H, set the span of a single span of the photovoltaic cable as L, and set the spacing of the horizontal projection of the photovoltaic cable (i.e., the horizontal spacing of the photovoltaic cables) on the ground surface as K; among them, H is greater than the set height dimension, L is greater than the set span dimension, and K is greater than the set spacing dimension; Preferably, H ≥ 1 m or 2 m or 3 m or 5 m or 10 m or 20 m or 30 m or 50 m or 100 m. The height H should be high enough, preferably H ≥ 5 m, to ensure that it does not hinder the operation of large agricultural machinery and drones. It is better to be higher than 100 meters to ensure that the top of the tallest crop will not touch the photovoltaic cable; L ≥ 10 m or 20 m or 50 m or 80 m or 150 m or 500 m or 1000 m. The span L should be large enough to reduce the number of tall supports, reduce the floor area of the pile foundation, and avoid seriously hindering the operation of large agricultural machinery. Preferably, L ≥ 80 m for super-large-span applications; K ≥ 0.05 m or 0.1 m or 0.2 m or 0.5 m or 1 m or 2 m or 3 m or 5 m or 10 m. The shadow area of the photovoltaic cable should be appropriately reduced, the light required for crop growth should be guaranteed to the minimum extent, and the reduction in production due to insufficient photosynthesis should be avoided; Preferably, multiple photovoltaic cables are connected in series and / or in parallel to form a photovoltaic battery pack; ③ (Use a photovoltaic cable with a relatively small thickness dimension D, appropriately increase the horizontal spacing K of the photovoltaic cable, and appropriately increase the height H of the photovoltaic cable) to make the ratio of the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable to the spacing K of the horizontal projection of the photovoltaic cable - the shading coefficient: D / K less than the set coefficient value, so that the noon shadow moves a distance equal to the width of one noon shadow every 1 - 20 minutes (preferably every 1 - 5 minutes). It is best to adopt innovative technical measures such as reducing the aspect ratio K / H and reducing the shading coefficient D / K to increase the moving speed of the shadow and shorten the residence time (i.e., the time of blocking sunlight) of the shadow on the same crop (including tiny plants such as grass) to prevent crop production reduction due to insufficient photosynthesis.

[0015] Preferably, the shading coefficient D / K ≤ 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.03 or 0.05 or 0.10 or 0.20 or 0.30 or 0.50 or 1 or 2 or 3; the aspect ratio K / H ≤ 0.1 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 or 5.

[0016] More preferably, the shadow (i.e., the shading area) projected by each photovoltaic cable onto the ground surface has a moving distance greater than the planting width of a single crop within a set time period, so as to avoid the time that the same shadow stays on (i.e., covers) the same crop (including tiny plants such as grass) being too long (e.g., exceeding 30 minutes), which may lead to weakened photosynthesis and reduced yield of the crop (including tiny plants such as grass). In other words, the moving speed of the shadow should be very fast. When the sun is at noon, the time taken for the shadow to move a distance equal to the width of a noon shadow is preferably no more than 30 minutes or 1 hour; while the shadow of the photovoltaic panel on the current flexible support stays at the same location for more than 1 hour each time. To unify the detection standard, the present invention defines the noon shadow as the shadow projected by the photovoltaic cable onto the ground surface by the sun at noon (i.e., from 11:00 to 13:00).

[0017] Data shows that light intensity and light duration are key factors affecting photosynthesis efficiency. Sufficient light can promote the photosynthesis of plants, thereby increasing the accumulation of organic matter, which is beneficial to crop growth and yield improvement. During the period of sunlight shading, photosynthesis stops while the respiration of crops continues, inevitably leading to energy consumption. If this energy consumption cannot be supplemented by photosynthesis in a timely manner, it will surely affect crop growth and yield. If the light intensity is lower than the light compensation point of the crops, photosynthesis will not be able to meet the respiratory needs of the plants, resulting in crop growth retardation. To ensure that the light duration and light intensity are higher than the light compensation point, the desirable research result is: to increase the moving frequency and speed of the photovoltaic cable shadow (for example, raising the height H of the photovoltaic cable to more than 15 meters, making the shading coefficient D / K ≤ 0.25, and causing the sunlight required by the same crop to be shaded for 3 - 5 minutes every 20 minutes <equivalent to being shaded more than 18 times during each day>, so that there is high-frequency intermittent lighting with continuous shading, releasing, re-shading, and re-releasing), and making the shadows of adjacent multiple (preferably 3 - 36 or 5 - 15) photovoltaic cables shade the sunlight of the same crop repeatedly multiple times (preferably 3 - 36 times or 5 - 15 times) every day, so that the crops under the photovoltaic cables can receive sunlight (with light intensity higher than the light compensation point) intermittently for multiple times and for a long time (for example, more than 50% of the daytime hours per day), enabling the crops to grow normally. In this way, the sunlight absorbed by the crops will be reduced by 13 - 20% on average (that is, 80 - 87% of the sunlight is reserved for the crops). One set of data shows that when the sunlight irradiation is reduced by less than 13% (equivalent to D / K ≤ 0.15), there is no impact on the photosynthesis and yield of the crops; in other words, it should be ensured that the crops can receive more than 87% of the sunlight for normal growth; another set of data shows that when the sunlight irradiation is reduced by more than 20% (equivalent to D / K ≥ 0.25), there will be some impact on the photosynthesis and yield of the crops. In other words, it is better to reduce the shading coefficient D / K and the aspect ratio K / H to ensure that the crops under the photovoltaic cables can receive sunlight intermittently for multiple times and for a long time (preferably more than 50% of the daytime hours, and best more than 80% of the daytime hours) and 80% (at least 20%) or more of the sunlight for normal growth. Therefore, D / K ≤ 0.15 is the golden ratio that does not hinder crop photosynthesis and has universal application value; in this case, the shading of sunlight by the photovoltaic cable is equivalent to the shading effect of glass with a light transmittance of 80 - 87% on sunlight.Thus, by increasing the height H of the photovoltaic cable, reducing the shading coefficient D / K, and using the shadows of multiple adjacent photovoltaic cables (preferably running north-south) to continuously block, release, re-block, and re-release the sunlight on the crops for intermittent lighting (or intermittent shading), the crops can receive sunlight more frequently, for a longer time, and intermittently every day. This technical measure achieves the light transmission effect of semi-transparent photovoltaic panels, enabling the crops under the photovoltaic cables to receive sunlight for a long time, protecting and improving the ecological environment during power generation, and promoting the production of agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishery, thus forming a win-win situation for energy development, environmental protection, and the production of agriculture, animal husbandry, and fishery. On the contrary, current technologies such as flexible cable-supported photovoltaic brackets, "agriculture-photovoltaic complementary", and "fishery-photovoltaic complementary" will cause the crops and aquatic products under them to stay in the shadows for a long time (almost all day) because their photovoltaic panels are very wide, dense, and low, and the shadows are very wide and dense. This will prevent the crops and aquatic products in the shadows from receiving sunlight for a long time (all day), damaging the ecology and causing production reduction.

[0018] Research shows that the duration of the shadow staying on (i.e., covering) the same crop (i.e., the same position) is inversely proportional to H and directly proportional to D. Taking Xiuying District, Haikou City as an example, the shadow movement speed of a north-south running photovoltaic cable with a height H of 50 meters at noon (11 o'clock) on March 4th is 68 cm / minute; if the height H of the photovoltaic cable is reduced to 4.6 meters, the shadow movement speed will drop to 2.5 cm / minute, and if the height H of the photovoltaic cable is reduced to 1.2 meters, the shadow movement speed will drop to 0.6 cm / minute. Also, at noon (13:30) on March 4th, when the height H of the photovoltaic cable is reduced to 5 meters, the shadow movement speed will drop to 1.3 cm / minute. Through comparative observation during the same period, it is known that for an east-west running photovoltaic cable with a height H of 5 meters, the speed of its shadow moving (southward) is only 0.33 mm / minute, and its shadow movement speed is extremely slow. In actual implementation, it is advisable to avoid installing relatively thick photovoltaic cables in the east-west direction as much as possible and install them in the north-south direction as much as possible. Thus, to reduce the impact of slow shadow movement speed on crop growth, it is advisable to increase the suspension height H of the photovoltaic cable as much as possible. Given that when the height H is 1 meter, the time for the shadow to stay on the crop (i.e., block sunlight) is very long, which will seriously affect crop growth, it is not recommended to use such a low height H; of course, to reduce the impact of slow shadow movement speed on crop growth, it is also advisable to reduce the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable as much as possible.

[0019] In summary, in specific implementation, the height H should be preferably above 2m, preferably above 4m; the thickness dimension D should be preferably below 0.15m, preferably below 0.1m; the horizontal projection spacing K should also be preferably above 0.5m, preferably above 1m; D / K≤0.25, preferably the golden ratio of D / K≤0.15. The current market's small-sized photovoltaic panels are 1.22m×0.61m in size, and the shadow they produce is 0.61m wide, three times the maximum preferred shadow width of 0.2m of the present invention. Such a wide shadow will inevitably stay on the same crop for a long time (more than 1 hour at a time), resulting in the weakening of the photosynthesis of the crop and a reduction in yield, which will inevitably have a greater ecological impact on the original crops in the cultivated land.

[0020] In specific implementation, the shading coefficient D / K should be selected according to the types of crops in the cultivated land. For crops that need shading nets to adjust the light level and green mountains and rivers that do not care about yield, such as vegetable crops such as lettuce, lettuce, spinach, cabbage, mustard, celery, green forests, grasslands, etc., the shading coefficient D / K can be appropriately increased, the horizontal spacing of the photovoltaic cables can be reduced, and the thickness of the photovoltaic cables can be increased.

[0021] The key technical innovation of the ecological photovoltaic method is: abandoning the (current) technical solution of using multiple-cable flexible brackets to stabilize plate-type photovoltaic cells; using photovoltaic cables composed of linear photovoltaic cell modules, not using stabilizing cables (also called wind-resistant cables) to prevent photovoltaic (cable lateral) swings, that is, not using stabilizing cables to stabilize, allowing photovoltaic cables to be blown by strong winds (low-frequency and large-scale lateral swings) (as long as they are not damaged & no matter how strong they swing), and allowing photovoltaic cables to be blown by breezes (high-frequency and low-amplitude) vibrations. In this way, there is no need to pay huge "stabilization costs" like the current cable-structured flexible photovoltaic bracket power generation solution.

[0022] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic method, the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer are surrounded by the load-bearing cable to form a photovoltaic cable with built-in load-bearing cable.

[0023] Preferably, the ecological photovoltaic method fixes the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer (by hanging, riding or bundling) to the load-bearing cable to form a load-bearing cable external photovoltaic cable; or, the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer are packaged into a flat strip (battery module) and fixed to the load-bearing cable to form a flat strip photovoltaic cable supported by the load-bearing cable (for example, with a width of ≤500mm). The flat strip is a narrow strip photovoltaic panel with a relatively large length and width. Studies have shown that in order to reduce wind resistance, facilitate the increase of span L, and facilitate stable orientation, a width of ≤500mm is better, a width of ≤400mm is better, a width of ≤300mm is best, and a width of ≤210mm is excellent.

[0024] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaics method, the photovoltaic cable is made into a cylinder, or a flat strip, or a prism with n sides, where n is greater than a set value.

[0025] More preferably, n ≥ 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 12 or 32 or 64 or 128 or 512. In short, the photovoltaic cable or the cylindrical battery module is preferably a cylinder or a prism whose surface approaches a cylindrical surface.

[0026] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaics method, the load-bearing cable is arranged above the center line of gravity of the photovoltaic cable (including the added weight) to form an inverted suspension (self-stabilizing) structure; relying on the action of its own weight, the area without the photovoltaic cell layer (i.e., the non-power generation area) always faces the ground, thus saving the usage of the photovoltaic cell layer.

[0027] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaics method, the photovoltaic cable such as the cylindrical battery module and its (one) load-bearing cable are arranged in the same direction (for example, the cylindrical battery module is hung below the external load-bearing cable) and suspended in the air; or, the photovoltaic cable such as the cylindrical battery module and its (multiple) load-bearing cables are arranged crosswise (for example, the cylindrical battery module is tied to the load-bearing cable) and suspended in the air, preferably fixed vertically crosswise; or, the photovoltaic cables are staggered in a high-low staggered erection method and suspended in the air, where the height difference Δh between two adjacent cables is preferably ≤ 0.5K or 0.25K or 0.15K; or, multiple photovoltaic cables (or their load-bearing cables) are crisscrossed (also known as intertwined) to form a photovoltaic network and suspended in the air (also known as hung in the air).

[0028] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaics method, the load-bearing cable is arranged at the axis position of the circular photovoltaic cable to ensure the formation of an anti-twist (anti-twisting or anti-kinking) structure with the axis coinciding with the center line of gravity, so that when the photovoltaic cable is subjected to wind forces from all directions, the force is always uniform, no torque is generated, it is not prone to wind vibration, not prone to random movement, and does not twist. It should be emphasized here that since the light-receiving layer of the circular photovoltaic cable is a symmetric cylindrical surface, the light-receiving amount will not change due to the random movement of the photovoltaic cable, and the generated photovoltaic voltage and current are stable, not fluctuating randomly and chaotically with the wind; and because sunlight can enter from all angles for the circular photovoltaic cable, including a lower solar altitude angle, it can capture solar energy for a longer time during the day, especially generating a higher power generation efficiency at sunrise and sunset. Research shows that compared with a circular photovoltaic cable with a diameter of D, a non-circular photovoltaic cable with a width of D is more likely to be damaged or lose stability under strong winds. Because a circle reduces the formation of turbulence and has a smaller wind resistance, it is less likely to be affected by strong winds.

[0029] Preferably, the ecological photovoltaics method includes any one or more of the following technical measures ① to ⑩.

[0030] Preferably ①, the ecological photovoltaic method is constituted by connecting a longer photovoltaic cable within the span L of a single span with multiple shorter photovoltaic cables (e.g., through a load-bearing cable or link); each shorter photovoltaic cable is hereinafter simply referred to as a photovoltaic rod.

[0031] Preferably ②, in the ecological photovoltaic method, an irrigation water pipe (including a water hose), which is externally attached (hung or pre-embedded and connected to the current drip irrigation / sprinkler irrigation system), is attached to the photovoltaic cable, so that the photovoltaic cable and the irrigation water pipe (e.g., integrated) share the same load-bearing cable and its high support to achieve complementary agriculture and photovoltaic power generation. In this way, the technical solution of the present invention can not only utilize the surplus sunlight in the air above the cultivated land for photovoltaic power generation, but also conveniently irrigate with the water pipe inside the photovoltaic cable, and can also absorb the heat of the photovoltaic cable to achieve the effects of heat dissipation and temperature reduction and improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. For example, use very thin and light drip irrigation pipes / hoses to drip irrigate crops and moisten the crops like natural rainfall to achieve the complementary function of light and irrigation.

[0032] Preferably ③, in the ecological photovoltaic method, a supplementary photoelectric lamp (commonly known as a plant growth lamp) is externally attached (hung or pre-embedded) to the photovoltaic cable, so that the photovoltaic cable and the supplementary photoelectric lamp and its power supply wire (e.g., integrated) share the same load-bearing cable and its high support to supplement light to the crops at night to promote the growth of the crops and achieve the triple combination of photovoltaic power generation, night light supplementation and water conveyance irrigation for complementary agriculture and photovoltaic power generation. In this way, the technical solution of the present invention can not only utilize the surplus sunlight in the air above the cultivated land for photovoltaic power generation, but also conveniently irrigate the cultivated land with the water pipe inside the photovoltaic cable, and can also supplement light to light-loving crops at night to extend the photosynthesis time and promote the growth of the crops.

[0033] Preferably ④, in the ecological photovoltaic method, a thickening filler (e.g., a low-density thickening filler such as rigid polyurethane foam with a very low filling density or gas or vacuum) is filled between the load-bearing cable and the photovoltaic cell layer to increase the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable and expand the (pavable) area of the photovoltaic cell layer, thereby maximizing the light-receiving area per unit length of the photovoltaic cable and reducing the power generation cost per unit length. Research shows that more preferably, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the low-density thickening filler to the cross-sectional area of the photovoltaic cable ≥ 0.1 or 0.3 is better, and the ratio ≥ 0.5 or 0.7 or 1.5 or 3 or 5 or 10 is the best. During specific implementation, this ratio should be increased as much as possible.

[0034] Preferably ⑤, in the ecological photovoltaics method, the height H of the photovoltaic cable is appropriately increased (for example, H≥4m), the horizontal spacing K of the photovoltaic cables is appropriately reduced (for example, K≤1.5m), and the shading coefficient D / K is reduced so that the shadows of adjacent multiple photovoltaic cables (preferably running north-south) repeatedly cover the sunlight of the crops under the photovoltaic cables multiple times a day (preferably 3-36 times a day or more than 5 times a day), enabling the crops under the photovoltaic cables to receive sunlight intermittently (which can be simply referred to as intermittent lighting) and grow as normal. In short, by continuously covering, releasing, covering again, and releasing again the crops with the shadows of adjacent multiple photovoltaic cables (preferably running north-south) every day for intermittent lighting (or intermittent shading), enabling the crops to receive sunlight multiple times, for a long time, and intermittently every day, the crops under the photovoltaic cables can grow as normal.

[0035] Preferably ⑥, in the ecological photovoltaics method, a speaker (such as a ceramic speaker, etc.) is installed on the photovoltaic cable, integrating the photovoltaic cable, the speaker, and its power supply wire into one, sharing the same load-bearing cable and its tall support. (By connecting to the current broadcast system,) it can be used to play bird-repelling sounds (including ultrasonic waves and the calls of natural enemies to prevent birds from stealing food and perching on the photovoltaic cables in large numbers, blocking sunlight and defecating), or rat-repelling sounds, or (play designated) music, where the designated music includes music beneficial to crop growth.

[0036] Preferably ⑦, in the ecological photovoltaics method, the position of the load-bearing cable is set above the center line of the gravity of the photovoltaic cable (including adding weights to lower the center of gravity) to form an inverted suspension (self-stabilizing) structure; relying on the action of its own weight, the area without the photovoltaic cell layer (i.e., the non-power generation area) always (automatically) faces the ground, thereby saving the usage amount of the photovoltaic cell layer. In other words, relying on the action of its own weight (including the added weights), the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun (i.e., automatically faces the sun) and other predetermined directions, thereby saving the usage amount of the photovoltaic cell layer. Preferably, the load-bearing cable is set at the position of the center line above the center of gravity of the photovoltaic cable to form an inverted suspension structure, and relying on the action of its own weight, the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun.

[0037] Preferably ⑧, in the ecological photovoltaics method, each flat strip is hung or laid flat (including being installed in a lying manner with a certain inclination) on an external load-bearing cable, without being linked and fixed to each other, so that each can swing independently with the wind.

[0038] The described ecological photovoltaic method has a surrounding angle range ≥ 120° or 181° or 198° or 216° or 240° or 270° or 359°. In other words, around the load-bearing cable, there is a layer of photovoltaic cells (constituted by photovoltaic cell pieces, photovoltaic panels, thin-film photovoltaic cells, etc.) that surrounds in a full circle or more than half a circle, and its surrounding angle range ≥ 120° or 181° or 198° (216° is better, 240° is the best, 270° is very good, 359° is almost 360° and is extremely good).

[0039] Preferably ⑨, D ≤ 10mm or 20mm or 30mm or 50mm or 100mm or 200mm or 300mm or 500mm or 680mm or 880mm or 2580mm or any other suitable thickness dimension, H ≥ 1m or 2m or 3m or 5m or 10m or 20m or 30m or 50m or 100m, L ≥ 10m or 20m or 50m or 80m or 150m or 500m or 1000m, K ≥ 0.05m or 0.1m or 0.2m or 0.5m or 1m or 2m or 3m or 5m or 10m, D / K ≤ 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.03 or 0.05 or 0.10 or 0.20 or 0.30 or 0.50 or 1 or 2 or 3.

[0040] Preferably ⑩, for the described ecological photovoltaic method, a shading coefficient with D / K ≤ 0.25 is adopted so that the crops under the photovoltaic cable can (as much as possible) receive sunlight (such as 80% or more than 87%) intermittently for multiple times and for a long time and grow normally. The photovoltaic cable is suspended above the cultivated land so that the noon shadow moves a distance of one noon shadow width every 1 - 20 minutes or every 1 - 5 minutes; when the noon shadow moves a distance of one noon shadow width, it is preferably completed in no more than 30 minutes or 1 hour.

[0041] Preferably, the described ecological photovoltaic method includes any one or more of the following technical measures.

[0042] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaics method, each flat strip is respectively pulled on the stabilizing cable by a spring to prevent the floating angle of the flat strip from exceeding a set value and to keep the flat strip at a set inclination angle when there is no wind; alternatively, multiple flat strips are all horizontally installed (including horizontally installed at a certain inclination angle) on the same load-bearing cable through a connecting device, so that each flat strip can swing with the wind relative to the load-bearing cable under the action of strong wind to buffer the wind force and enhance the wind resistance. Each flat strip is equipped with at least one buffering mechanism, including but not limited to a spring, a weight, or a lever mechanism. This buffering mechanism can effectively reduce the swinging amplitude of the flat strip when encountering strong wind, thereby protecting the flat strip from excessive stress and automatically assisting the flat strip to reset to a relatively static state facing the sky after the strong wind; alternatively, a spiral gap for the load-bearing cable to wind into is provided on the photovoltaic rod; alternatively, a groove gap for the load-bearing cable to be placed in is provided on the photovoltaic rod; alternatively, the photovoltaic rod adopts a tube shape and the load-bearing cable passes through the tube; alternatively, a connecting member and a connecting wire are provided on the photovoltaic rod, and the photovoltaic rod is hung on an external load-bearing cable or connected into a longer photovoltaic cable through the connecting member; alternatively, connecting members are respectively provided at both ends of the photovoltaic rod, and the photovoltaic rods arranged in a row are hooked and strung together (locked) into a chain structure with the connecting members for load-bearing to replace the special load-bearing cable. Thus, it can be seen that the load-bearing cable described in the present invention also includes a chain formed by connecting adjacent two connecting members in series, etc., which are sections of ultra-short load-bearing cables. Preferably, the distance Y from the photovoltaic rod to the load-bearing cable is Y≤0 or 10 mm or 25 mm or 50 mm or 500 mm, and the load-bearing cable and the photovoltaic rod are arranged in the north-south direction. It is found that the distance Y is preferably 0, that is to say, it is best for the photovoltaic rod to be closely adjacent to the load-bearing cable, and it is least likely to vibrate due to wind.

[0043] Preferably, a measure of making one thing serve multiple purposes and having complementary functions is adopted. One or more irrigation water pipes (preferably together with their standby water pipes) are also used as (low-density) thickening fillers and buried in the photovoltaic cable to increase the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable and expand the (settable) area of the photovoltaic cell layer. The irrigation water pipes can adopt light (i.e., low-density) material water pipes such as plastics and rubbers. It is advisable to let the irrigation water flow over the surface of the photovoltaic cable to take away the dust on the cable surface and cool the photovoltaic cable, and then drip onto the cultivated land, so as to achieve the effects of cleaning and improving the power generation efficiency by the way.

[0044] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaics method, the photovoltaic cable or the photovoltaic rod at least sequentially includes multiple layers of structures from the inside to the outside, such as a load-bearing cable, a thickening filler, a cable shell back panel layer, a photovoltaic cell layer, a transparent protective layer, etc.; end caps or / and limiters are provided on the photovoltaic rod, and cable holes adapted to the load-bearing cable are preset on the end caps; the end caps are used to block the ports to prevent rats and birds from drilling into the photovoltaic rod to build nests, and the limiters are fastened on the load-bearing cable to prevent the photovoltaic rod from sliding / twisting, thereby preventing the wires from being broken and preventing the photovoltaic rod from changing its orientation.

[0045] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaics method, L≥80m, D≤0.235m, D / K≤0.25; or D≤0.15m, D / K≤0.15. Research shows that for the implementation plan of the high-altitude farmland photovoltaic power generation system with the specific parameters of D≤0.15m and D / K≤0.15, it hardly affects the photosynthesis and yield of any crops, and it is a general solution.

[0046] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaics method, the photovoltaic cable is installed along the north-south direction, which includes all directions with an angle less than 39 degrees with the meridian. In this way, the shadow movement speed can be increased, and the shadow can quickly move away from the same crop to reduce the impact of the shadow on the crop. Desirably, only one load-bearing cable is used to carry one photovoltaic cable.

[0047] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaics method, an air water maker is installed in the farmland or beside the farmland. The output end of the photovoltaic power generation system is electrically connected to the air water maker, and the irrigation water pipe is connected to the air water maker for irrigating the crops in the farmland.

[0048] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaics method, a reflector is arranged near the bottom of the photovoltaic cable to reflect the ambient light to the shadow area of the photovoltaic cable, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cable.

[0049] In order to achieve the second object of the above invention, the present invention provides an ecological photovoltaic (power generation) system that can generate electricity normally and stably even when the photovoltaic cells move randomly.

[0050] An ecological photovoltaic (power generation) system of the present invention includes: ① A linear photovoltaic cell module (such as a cable-shaped one) formed by encapsulation - hereinafter simply referred to as a photovoltaic cable; the photovoltaic cable includes at least three parts: a load-bearing cable, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a transparent protective layer; the photovoltaic cell layer is arranged (i.e., fixed) on (such as a) load-bearing cable, and the transparent protective layer covers the photovoltaic cell layer; the thickness (i.e., diameter or width) dimension of the photovoltaic cable is set to D, where D is less than the set thickness dimension. Preferably, the cross-section of the photovoltaic cable is preferably a perfect circle (research finds that the wind resistance of a circular photovoltaic cable is the smallest, the wind vibration is the lightest, there is no wind sound, no matter where the wind comes from, the photovoltaic cable will not generate torque, no matter how it swings, its light reception amount remains unchanged, the power generation fluctuation is the smallest, almost no fluctuation), or it can be (but not recommended) a triangular, square, pentagonal, hexagonal, dodecagonal, axisymmetric, or polygon (approaching an arc) prism shape, etc. Preferably, D≤10mm or 20mm or 30mm or 50mm or 100mm or 200mm or 300mm or 500mm or 680mm or 880mm or 2580mm or any other suitable thickness size; the best thickness size D is 10mm to 200mm, because the shadow of the photovoltaic cable of this thickness size in the cultivated land is narrow, the time of passing through the same crop is short, and the sunlight can be intermittently distributed to all crops for a long time without affecting normal photosynthesis; ② The towering supports (standing on the ground) and the numerous (one by one) photovoltaic cables suspended above the ground and arranged at intervals (these photovoltaic cables are connected in series or / and in parallel to form photovoltaic battery groups); the height of the photovoltaic cable (from the top of the crop or the surface of the water or other surface) is H, the span of the single span of the photovoltaic cable is L, and the spacing of the horizontal projections of the photovoltaic cable (on the ground) is K; where H is greater than the set height dimension, L is greater than the set span dimension, and K is greater than the set spacing dimension; Preferably, H≥1m or 2m or 3m or 5m or 10m or 20m or 30m or 50m or 100m, and the height H should be high enough, preferably higher than 100 meters, to ensure that the top of the highest crop will not touch the photovoltaic cable, and preferably H≥5m, so as not to hinder the operation of large agricultural machinery and drones; L≥10m or 20m or 50m or 80m or 150m or 500m or 1000m, and the span L should be large enough to reduce the number of towering supports, reduce the surface area occupied by pile foundations, and avoid serious obstruction of large agricultural machinery operations, and preferably L≥80m for ultra-large span applications; K≥0.05m or 0.1m or 0.2m or 0.5m or 1m or 2m or 3m or 5m or 10m, and the shadow area of the photovoltaic cable should be appropriately reduced, the light needs of crop growth should be guaranteed to a minimum, and the yield reduction due to insufficient photosynthesis should be avoided; Preferably, multiple photovoltaic cables are connected in series or / and in parallel to form a photovoltaic cell group; ③ The shadow cast by the photovoltaic cable on the ground, including horizontal projection; the ratio of the thickness D of the photovoltaic cable to the spacing K of the horizontal projection of the photovoltaic cable - the shading coefficient: D / K is less than the set coefficient value, and the midday shadow moves a distance of the width of the midday shadow every 1-20 minutes (preferably every 1-5 minutes). It is best to adopt innovative technical measures such as reducing the height ratio K / H and reducing the shading coefficient D / K to increase the movement speed of the shadow and shorten the time the shadow stays on the same crop (i.e. blocking the sunlight) to avoid crop yield reduction due to insufficient photosynthesis.

[0051] Preferably, the photovoltaic cable is suspended above the cultivated land, and D / K ≤ 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.03 or 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.2 or 0.3 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 or 3, so that the crops under the photovoltaic cable can receive 80% or 50% or more than 20% of sunlight evenly for a long time to grow normally; when selecting the shading coefficient, the principle of ensuring that the photovoltaic cable can quickly move away the crops on the cultivated land should be followed.

[0052] More preferably, the moving distance of the shadow (i.e., the shading area) projected by each photovoltaic cable on the ground is greater than the planting width of one crop within the set time period, so as to avoid the time that the same shadow stays on (i.e., covers) the same crop for too long (e.g., more than 30 minutes), which may lead to the weakening of photosynthesis and reduction of yield of this crop. In other words, the moving speed of the shadow should be very fast. At noon, the distance for the shadow to move one noon shadow width is preferably no more than 30 minutes or 1 hour; while the shadow of the photovoltaic panel on the current flexible support stays at the same location for more than 1 hour each time. In order to unify the detection standard, the present invention defines the noon shadow as the shadow projected by the photovoltaic cable on the ground by the sun at noon (i.e., from 11:00 to 13:00).

[0053] Data shows that light intensity and light duration are the key factors affecting the photosynthesis efficiency. Sufficient light can promote the photosynthesis of plants, thereby increasing the accumulation of organic matter, which is beneficial to crop growth and yield improvement. During the period of sunlight shading, photosynthesis stops while the respiration of crops continues, which will inevitably lead to energy consumption. If this energy consumption cannot be replenished by photosynthesis in a timely manner, it will surely affect crop growth and yield. If the light intensity is lower than the light compensation point of the crops, photosynthesis will not be able to meet the respiratory needs of the plants, resulting in crop growth retardation. To ensure that the light duration and light intensity are higher than the light compensation point, the desirable research result is: to increase the moving frequency and speed of the photovoltaic cable shadow (for example, raising the height H of the photovoltaic cable to more than 15 meters, making the shading coefficient D / K ≤ 0.25, so that the sunlight required by the same crop is shaded for 3 - 5 minutes every 20 minutes <equivalent to being shaded more than 18 times during each day>, and such high-frequency intermittent lighting is carried out by continuously shading, releasing, shading again, and releasing again), making the shadows of adjacent multiple (preferably 3 - 36 or 5 - 15) photovoltaic cables shade the sunlight of the same crop repeatedly many times (preferably 3 - 36 times or 5 - 15 times) every day, so that the crops under the photovoltaic cables can receive sunlight (with light intensity higher than the light compensation point) intermittently for multiple times and for a long time (for example, more than 50% of the daytime hours per day), allowing the crops to grow as usual. In this way, the sunlight absorbed by the crops will be reduced by 13 - 20% on average (that is, 80 - 87% of the sunlight is reserved for the crops). One set of data shows that when the sunlight irradiation is reduced by less than 13% (equivalent to D / K ≤ 0.15), there is no impact on the photosynthesis and yield of the crops; in other words, it should be ensured that the crops can receive more than 87% of the sunlight for normal growth; another set of data shows that when the sunlight irradiation is reduced by more than 20% (equivalent to D / K ≥ 0.25), there will be some impact on the photosynthesis and yield of the crops. In other words, it is better to reduce the shading coefficient D / K to ensure that the crops under the photovoltaic cables can receive sunlight intermittently for multiple times and for a long time (preferably more than 50% of the daytime hours, and best more than 80% of the daytime hours) and receive more than 80% (at least 20%) of the sunlight for normal growth. Therefore, D / K ≤ 0.15 is the golden ratio that does not hinder crop photosynthesis and has universal application value; in this case, the shading of sunlight by the photovoltaic cable is equivalent to the shading effect of glass with a light transmittance of 80 - 87% on sunlight. All in all, the technical measure of intermittently lighting the crops by continuously shading, releasing, shading again, and releasing again with the shadows of adjacent multiple (preferably north-south oriented) photovoltaic cables every day, enabling the crops to receive sunlight intermittently for multiple times and for a long time, can make the crops under the photovoltaic cables grow as usual.On the contrary, flexible photovoltaic supports of cable structures and current technologies such as "agricultural-photovoltaic complementary" and "fishery-photovoltaic complementary" will cause the crops and aquatic products below to stay in the shadow for a long time (almost all day) because their photovoltaic panels are very wide, dense and short, and the shadows are very wide and dense. This will lead to the crops and aquatic products in the shadow not being able to receive sunlight for a long time (all day), which will damage the ecology and cause a reduction in production.

[0054] Research shows that the duration of the shadow staying on (i.e., covering) the same crop is approximately inversely proportional to H and directly proportional to D. Taking Xiuying District, Haikou City as an example, for a north-south oriented photovoltaic cable with a height H of 50 meters, the shadow movement speed at noon (11 o'clock) on March 4th is 68 cm / minute; if the height H of the photovoltaic cable is reduced to 4.6 meters, the shadow movement speed will be reduced to 2.5 cm / minute, and if the height H of the photovoltaic cable is reduced to 1.2 meters, the shadow movement speed will be reduced to 0.6 cm / minute. Also, at noon (13:30) on March 4th, when the height H of the photovoltaic cable is reduced to 5 meters, the shadow movement speed will be reduced to 1.3 cm / minute. By comparing and observing during the same period, it is known that for an east-west oriented photovoltaic cable with a height H of 5 meters, the speed of its shadow moving (southward) is only 0.33 mm / minute, and its shadow movement speed is extremely slow. In actual implementation, it is best to avoid installing relatively thick photovoltaic cables in the east-west direction and should be installed in the north-south direction as much as possible. Thus, in order to reduce the impact of slow shadow movement speed on crop growth, the hanging height H of the photovoltaic cable should be increased as much as possible. Given that when the height H is 1 meter, the time for the shadow to stay on (i.e., cover the sunlight) the crop is very long, which will seriously affect crop growth, so it is not recommended to use such a low height H; of course, to reduce the impact of slow shadow movement speed on crop growth, the thickness and width dimension D of the photovoltaic cable should also be reduced as much as possible.

[0055] In summary, during actual implementation, the height H should preferably be more than 2m, and preferably more than 4m; the thickness and width dimension D should preferably be less than 0.15m, and preferably less than 0.1m; the horizontal projection spacing K should preferably be more than 0.5m, and preferably more than 1m; D / K ≤ 0.25, and preferably the golden ratio of D / K ≤ 0.15. The size of small-scale photovoltaic panels in the current market is 1.22m × 0.61m, and the shadow it generates is 0.61m wide, which is three times the maximum preferred shadow width of 0.2m of the present invention. Such a wide shadow will necessarily stay on the same crop for a long time (more than 1 hour at a time), resulting in weakened photosynthesis and reduced production of the crop, and will inevitably cause a greater impact on the ecological environment of the original crops in the cultivated land.

[0056] In specific implementation, the shading coefficient D / K should be selected according to the types of crops in the cultivated land. For crops that require a shading net to adjust the light level and green forests that do not care about yield. For example, vegetable crops such as lettuce, lettuce, spinach, cabbage, mustard, celery, green forests, grasslands, etc., the shading coefficient D / K can be appropriately increased, the horizontal spacing of the photovoltaic cables can be reduced, and the thickness dimension of the photovoltaic cables can be increased.

[0057] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer surround the load-bearing cable, thereby forming an embedded load-bearing cable type photovoltaic cable. Preferably, the surrounding angle range is greater than the set surrounding angle.

[0058] More preferably, the surrounding angle range is ≥120° or 181° or 198° or 216° or 240° or 270° or 359°. In other words, there is a photovoltaic cell layer (formed by photovoltaic cells such as photovoltaic cell wafers, photovoltaic panels, or thin-film photovoltaic cells) surrounding the load-bearing cable in a full circle or more than half a circle, and its surrounding angle range is ≥120° or 181° or 198° (216° is better, 240° is the best, 270° is very good, 359° is close to 360° and is extremely good).

[0059] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer are fixed on the load-bearing cable (by external means such as hanging, riding, or tying), thereby forming an external load-bearing cable type photovoltaic cable; or, the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer are encapsulated into a flat long strip (battery module / that is, a narrow plate-shaped linear photovoltaic cell assembly) and fixed on the load-bearing cable, thereby forming a flat long strip type photovoltaic cable supported by the load-bearing cable.

[0060] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic cable is a cylinder, or a flat long strip, or a prism with n sides, where n is greater than the set value.

[0061] More preferably, n≥3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 12 or 32 or 64 or 128 or 512. All in all, the photovoltaic cable is preferably a regular cylinder or a prism whose surface approaches a regular cylindrical surface.

[0062] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic system, the load-bearing cable is arranged above the center line of the photovoltaic cable (including the added heavy objects) to form an inverted suspension (self-stabilizing) structure; relying on its own weight, the area without the photovoltaic cell layer (i.e., the non-power generation area) always automatically faces the ground, thereby saving the usage amount of the photovoltaic cell layer. In other words, relying on its own weight, the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the predetermined direction (i.e., automatically faces), thereby saving the usage amount of the photovoltaic cell layer.

[0063] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic cables are arranged in the same direction as their load-bearing cables and suspended in the air; or, the photovoltaic cables and their load-bearing cables are arranged crosswise (for example, the cylindrical battery modules are bundled above the load-bearing cables) and suspended in the air, preferably fixed vertically and crosswise; or, the photovoltaic cables are staggered from each other in a high-low staggered installation method and suspended in the air, (preferably) the height difference Δh between two adjacent cables ≤ 0.5K or 0.25K or 0.15K; or, multiple photovoltaic cables (or their load-bearing cables) are crisscrossed to form a photovoltaic network and suspended in the air.

[0064] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic system, a longer photovoltaic cable within the span L of a single span is composed of multiple shorter photovoltaic cables connected (for example, through load-bearing cables or links); each shorter photovoltaic cable is hereinafter simply referred to as a photovoltaic rod.

[0065] More preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic system, irrigation water pipes (including water hoses) (connected to the current drip irrigation / sprinkler irrigation system) are attached (hung externally or embedded) on the photovoltaic cables. The photovoltaic cables and the irrigation water pipes (for example, integrated) share the same load-bearing cable and its tall support to achieve the complementary use of agriculture and photovoltaic power generation. In this way, the technical solution of the present invention can not only use the surplus sunlight above the cultivated land for photovoltaic power generation, but also conveniently use the water pipes in the photovoltaic cables for irrigating the cultivated land, and can also absorb the heat of the photovoltaic cables to achieve the effects of heat dissipation and temperature reduction and improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency. For example, very thin and light drip irrigation pipes / hoses are used for drip irrigation of crops to achieve the complementary function of light and irrigation.

[0066] Even more preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic system, supplementary lighting lamps (commonly known as plant growth lamps) are attached (hung externally or embedded) on the photovoltaic cables. The photovoltaic cables and the supplementary lighting lamps and their power supply wires (for example, integrated) share the same load-bearing cable and its tall support to supplement light to the crops at night to promote the growth of the crops and achieve the three-in-one complementary use of photovoltaic power generation, night light supplementation and water conveyance and irrigation. In this way, the technical solution of the present invention can not only use the surplus sunlight above the cultivated land for photovoltaic power generation, but also conveniently use the water pipes in the photovoltaic cables to irrigate the cultivated land, and can also supplement light to light-loving crops at night to promote the growth of the crops.

[0067] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic system, a thickening filler (such as a polyurethane rigid foam with a very low filling density or a gas or a vacuum, etc., a low-density thickening filler) is filled between the load-bearing cable and the photovoltaic cell layer to increase the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable and expand the layable area of the photovoltaic cell layer, thereby maximizing the light-receiving area per unit length of the photovoltaic cable and reducing the power generation cost per unit length. Research shows that more preferably, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the low-density thickening filler to the cross-sectional area of the photovoltaic cable ≥ 0.1 or 0.3 is better, and the ratio ≥ 0.5 or 0.7 or 1.5 or 3 or 5 or 10 is the best. During specific implementation, this ratio should be increased as much as possible.

[0068] Preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic system, the height H of the photovoltaic cable is appropriately increased (for example, H≥4m), the horizontal spacing K of the photovoltaic cable is appropriately reduced (for example, K≤1.5m), and the shading coefficient D / K is reduced, so that the shadows of adjacent multiple photovoltaic cables block the sunlight of the crops under the photovoltaic cables repeatedly many times a day (preferably 3 - 36 times a day or more than 5 times a day), enabling the crops to receive sunlight intermittently (which can be simply referred to as the intermittent lighting method) for multiple times and for a long time (preferably for more than 50% of the daytime, and best for more than 80% of the daytime) and grow normally. In short, the technical measure of using the shadows of adjacent multiple photovoltaic cables (preferably running north-south) to continuously block, release, block again, and release again the crops for intermittent lighting (or intermittent shading), enabling the crops to receive sunlight intermittently for multiple times and for a long time, can make the crops under the photovoltaic cables grow normally.

[0069] Preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic system, a speaker (such as a ceramic speaker) is installed on the photovoltaic cable. The photovoltaic cable, the speaker, and its power supply wire are combined into one, sharing the same load-bearing cable and its high support. (By connecting to the current broadcast system,) it can be used to play sounds to drive away birds or mice (including ultrasonic waves and the calls of natural enemies to prevent birds from stealing food and perching on the photovoltaic cable in large numbers, blocking sunlight and defecating) or play specified music (to promote crop growth), and the specified music includes music beneficial to crop growth.

[0070] Preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic system, the position of the load-bearing cable is set above the center of gravity line of the photovoltaic cable (including adding weights to lower the center of gravity) to form an inverted suspension (self-stabilizing) structure; relying on its own weight, the area without the photovoltaic cell layer (i.e., the non-power generation area) always automatically faces the ground, thus saving the usage of the photovoltaic cell layer. In other words, relying on its own weight (including weights), the area with the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun, thus saving the usage of the photovoltaic cell layer. Preferably, the load-bearing cable is set at the position of the axis above the center of gravity line of the photovoltaic cable to form an inverted suspension structure, and relying on its own weight, the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun.

[0071] Preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic system, each flat strip is preferably hung or laid flat (including being installed in a lying manner with a certain inclination) on the external load-bearing cable, without being linked and fixed to each other, and each can swing independently with the wind.

[0072] Preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic system described above, D is any suitable thickness dimension such as ≤ 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 50 mm, 100 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm, 500 mm, 680 mm, 880 mm, 2580 mm, etc., H ≥ 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 5 m, 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, 50 m, 100 m, L ≥ 10 m, 20 m, 50 m, 80 m, 150 m, 500 m, 1000 m, K ≥ 0.05 m, 0.1 m, 0.2 m, 0.5 m, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 5 m, 10 m, D / K ≤ 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.50, 1, 2, 3, and n ≥ 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 32, 64, 128, 512.

[0073] Preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic system described above, a shading coefficient with D / K ≤ 0.25 is adopted so that the crops under the photovoltaic cables can receive sunlight (more than 80% or 87% or above) intermittently for multiple times and for a long time and grow as usual. The photovoltaic cables are suspended above the cultivated land, and the noon shadow moves a distance equal to the width of one noon shadow every 1 - 20 minutes or every 1 - 5 minutes; when the noon shadow moves a distance equal to the width of one noon shadow, it preferably takes no more than 30 minutes or 1 hour.

[0074] Preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic system described above, each flat strip is pulled on the stabilizing cable by a spring to prevent the lifting angle of the flat strip from exceeding the set value and to keep the flat strip at a set inclination angle when there is no wind. Alternatively, multiple flat strips are all horizontally installed (including horizontally installed in a manner with a certain inclination angle) on the same load-bearing cable through a connecting device, so that each flat strip can swing with the wind relative to the load-bearing cable under the action of strong wind to buffer the wind force and enhance the wind resistance. Each flat strip is equipped with at least one buffering mechanism, including but not limited to a spring, a weight, or a lever mechanism. This buffering mechanism can effectively reduce the swinging amplitude of the flat strip when encountering strong wind, thereby protecting the flat strip from excessive stress and automatically assisting the flat strip to return to a relatively stationary state facing the sky after the strong wind. Alternatively, the photovoltaic rod has spiral gaps for the load-bearing cable to wind into; or, the photovoltaic rod has groove gaps for the load-bearing cable to be placed into; or, the photovoltaic rod is tubular, and the load-bearing cable passes through the tube; or, the photovoltaic rod is provided with connecting members and connecting wires, and the photovoltaic rod is hung on an external load-bearing cable through the connecting members or connected into a longer photovoltaic cable; or, connecting members are respectively provided at both ends of the photovoltaic rod, and the connecting members hook and connect the head and tail of the photovoltaic rods arranged in a row into a chain (a structure, which is also used as a load-bearing cable to replace a dedicated load-bearing cable). Preferably, the distance Y from the photovoltaic rod to the load-bearing cable is Y ≤ 0 or 10 mm or 25 mm or 50 mm or 500 mm, and the load-bearing cable and the photovoltaic rod are in the north-south direction. It is found that the distance Y is preferably 0. In other words, it is best for the photovoltaic rod to be closely adjacent to the load-bearing cable, and it is least prone to wind vibration.

[0075] Preferably, measures of making one thing serve multiple purposes and having complementary functions are adopted. One or more irrigation water pipes (preferably together with their standby water pipes) are also used as (low-density) thickening fillers and buried in the photovoltaic cable to increase the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable and expand the (layable) area of the photovoltaic cell layer. The irrigation water pipes can be made of lightweight (i.e., low-density) materials such as plastics and rubbers. Desirably, the irrigation water flows through the surface of the photovoltaic cable to take away the dust on the cable surface and dissipate heat from the photovoltaic cable, and then drips onto the cultivated land, so as to achieve the effects of cleaning and improving the power generation efficiency incidentally.

[0076] Preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic system described above, the photovoltaic cable or the photovoltaic rod sequentially includes at least multiple layers from the inside to the outside, such as a load-bearing cable, a thickening filler, a cable shell backplane layer, a photovoltaic cell layer, a transparent protective layer, etc.; end caps or / and limiters are provided on the photovoltaic rod, and cable holes adapted to the load-bearing cable are preset on the end caps; the end caps are used to block the ports to prevent rats and birds from drilling into the photovoltaic rod to build nests, and the limiters are used to fasten the photovoltaic rod on the load-bearing cable to prevent the photovoltaic rod from sliding / twisting, thereby preventing the wire from being broken and preventing the photovoltaic rod from changing its orientation.

[0077] Preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic system described above, L ≥ 80 m, D ≤ 0.235 m, D / K ≤ 0.25; or, D ≤ 0.15 m, D / K ≤ 0.15. Research shows that the implementation scheme of the ecological photovoltaic system with the specific parameters of D ≤ 0.15 m and D / K ≤ 0.15 hardly affects the photosynthesis and yield of any crops and is a general solution.

[0078] Preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic system described above, the photovoltaic cable is erected in the north-south direction, and the north-south direction includes all directions with an included angle less than 39 degrees with the meridian. In this way, the shadow movement speed can be increased, the shadow can be quickly moved away from the same crop, and the influence on the photosynthesis of the crop can be reduced. Desirably, only one load-bearing cable is used to carry one photovoltaic cable.

[0079] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic system, a water maker from air is installed in the cultivated land or beside the cultivated land. The output end of the photovoltaic power generation system is electrically connected to the water maker from air, and the irrigation water pipe is communicated with the water maker from air for irrigating the crops in the cultivated land. Just as the saying goes: Receive sunlight from the sky to generate electricity, produce water from air for irrigation, moisten the crops growing on the earth, and ensure the double safety of energy and food.

[0080] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic rod is a rod-shaped battery module formed by splicing and combining multiple battery prefabricated components.

[0081] Most preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic cable is arranged in the same direction as its load-bearing cable and is suspended in the air by a load-bearing cable.

[0082] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic system, the photovoltaic cable is suspended above the cultivated land to achieve dual use of one piece of land, improve the single agricultural use of the land, increase the land value, relieve the tension contradiction of photovoltaic land use, and promote the innovative development of the complementarity between agriculture, forestry and clean energy. The time (per day) that the shadow of the photovoltaic cable stays on (i.e., covers) the same crop does not exceed 30 minutes or 1 hour; preferably, at noon, the shadow moves a distance equal to the width of one noon shadow every 1 - 20 minutes or every 1 - 5 minutes.

[0083] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic system, a reflector is arranged near the bottom of the photovoltaic cable to reflect ambient light to the shadow area of the photovoltaic cable, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cable.

[0084] In order to achieve the third invention object above, the present invention provides the following technical solution for an ecological photovoltaic cable that can generate electricity normally and stably even if the photovoltaic cells move randomly.

[0085] An ecological photovoltaic cable of the present invention is a linear photovoltaic cell component - a photovoltaic cable; the photovoltaic cable at least includes three parts: a load-bearing cable, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a transparent protective layer; the photovoltaic cell layer is arranged (i.e., fixed) on the (e.g., prestressed) load-bearing cable, and the transparent protective layer covers the photovoltaic cell layer; the thickness (i.e., diameter or width) dimension D of the photovoltaic cable is less than the set thickness dimension.

[0086] Preferably, in the ecological photovoltaic cable, the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer surround the load-bearing cable, thereby forming a load-bearing cable built-in type photovoltaic cable, and its surrounding range is greater than the set surrounding angle. Preferably, its surrounding range ≥ 120° or 181° or 198° or 216° or 240° or 270° or 359°.

[0087] Preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic cable, the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer are fixed on the load-bearing cable (by hanging, riding, tying, etc.), thus forming an external load-bearing cable type photovoltaic cable; or, the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer are fixed on the load-bearing cable, thus forming a flat strip (battery module) type photovoltaic cable supported by the load-bearing cable.

[0088] Preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic cable, the cylindrical battery module is a cylinder, or a flat strip, or a prism with n sides (the surface is close to an arc), where n is greater than a set value.

[0089] Preferably, n≥3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 12 or 32 or 64 or 128.

[0090] Preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic cable, the photovoltaic cable and its load-bearing cable are arranged in the same direction (i.e., fixed together) and suspended in the air; or, the photovoltaic cable and its load-bearing cable are arranged crosswise (i.e., fixed together) and suspended in the air; or, an erection method of high-low dislocation is adopted to stagger the photovoltaic cables and suspend them in the air, where the height difference Δh between adjacent two cables is preferably ≤0.5K or 0.25K or 0.15K; or, multiple photovoltaic cables (or together with their load-bearing cables) are crisscrossed to form a photovoltaic network and suspended in the air.

[0091] Preferably, the ecological photovoltaic cable includes any one or more of the following technical features: ① A relatively long photovoltaic cable within the span L of a single span, which is composed of multiple shorter photovoltaic cables connected; each shorter photovoltaic cable is hereinafter simply referred to as a photovoltaic rod; ② An irrigation water pipe is attached to the photovoltaic cable, and the photovoltaic cable and the irrigation water pipe (for example, integrated) share the same load-bearing cable and its high-rise support; ③ Supplementary electric lights are arranged on the photovoltaic cable, and the photovoltaic cable, the supplementary electric lights and their power supply wires (for example, integrated) share the same load-bearing cable and its high-rise support, for supplementing light to crops at night; ④ Coarse fillers are filled between the load-bearing cable and the photovoltaic cell layer, for increasing the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable, expanding the laying area of the photovoltaic cell layer, thus increasing the light-receiving area per unit length of the photovoltaic cable and reducing the power generation cost per unit length; ⑤ Electric heating elements are attached to the photovoltaic cable, and the snow, freezing rain and ice on it can be melted by electric heating (the power can be switched on when needed); or, reflectors are arranged near the bottom of the photovoltaic cable, for reflecting ambient light to the shadow area of the photovoltaic cable, thus improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cable; ⑥A speaker is installed on the photovoltaic cable. The photovoltaic cable, the speaker and its power supply wire (for example, integrated together) share the same load-bearing cable and its high-rise support to play bird or mouse repellent sounds or (play specified) music (to promote crop growth). The specified music includes music beneficial to crop growth; ⑦The load-bearing cable is arranged above the center line of the photovoltaic cable (including adding weights to lower the center of gravity) to form an inverted suspension structure. Relying on its own weight (including the added weights), the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the predetermined direction (i.e., automatically faces the sun). Preferably, the load-bearing cable is arranged at the position of the axis above the center line of the photovoltaic cable to form an inverted suspension structure, and the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun relying on its own weight. Preferably, each flat strip is respectively hung or lies flat (including being installed in a lying flat manner with a certain inclination angle) on the external load-bearing cable, without linkage fixation between each other, and each can swing independently with the wind.

[0092] Preferably, the ecological photovoltaic cable includes any one or any combination of the following technical features: ①Each flat strip is respectively pulled by a spring on the stabilizing cable to prevent the floating angle amplitude of the flat strip from exceeding the set value and keep the flat strip at the set inclination angle when there is no wind; Or, multiple flat strips are all installed in a lying flat manner (including being installed in a lying flat manner with a certain inclination angle) on the same load-bearing cable through a connecting device, so that each flat strip can swing with the wind relative to the load-bearing cable under the action of strong wind to buffer the wind force and enhance the wind resistance. Each flat strip is equipped with at least one buffering mechanism, including but not limited to springs, weights or lever mechanisms. This buffering mechanism can effectively reduce the swinging amplitude of the flat strip when encountering strong wind, thereby protecting the flat strip from excessive stress and automatically assisting the flat strip to return to the relatively static state facing the sky after the strong wind; Or, the photovoltaic rod has a spiral gap for the load-bearing cable to wind into; or, the photovoltaic rod has a groove gap for the load-bearing cable to put into; or, connecting members are respectively arranged at both ends of the photovoltaic rod, and the connecting members hook and connect the photovoltaic rods arranged in a row end to end to form a chain (structure, which is used as the load-bearing cable instead of a dedicated load-bearing cable); ②The photovoltaic rod is tubular, and the load-bearing cable passes through the tube; ③Connecting members (and connecting wires) are arranged on the photovoltaic rod, and the photovoltaic rod is hung on the external load-bearing cable or connected into a longer photovoltaic cable through the connecting members; ④One or more irrigation water pipes, also used as thickening fillers, are arranged inside the photovoltaic cable; or, the irrigation water flows over the surface of the photovoltaic cable to take away the dust on the cable surface and cool the photovoltaic cable, and then drips onto the cultivated land, so as to achieve the effects of cleaning and improving the power generation efficiency by the way; ⑤The photovoltaic cable sequentially includes a load-bearing cable, a thickening filler, a cable shell backplane layer, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a transparent protective layer from the inside to the outside; ⑥The photovoltaic rod is a rod-shaped battery module formed by splicing and combining multiple battery prefabricated components; for example, the photovoltaic rod is a cylindrical battery module formed by combining a semi-cylindrical battery prefabricated component and a semi-circular rod-shaped matrix. The load-bearing cable is located at the axis position, and the center of gravity is set below the axis to form an inverted suspension structure, and the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun by relying on its own weight.

[0093] To achieve the fourth of the above-mentioned invention purposes, the present invention provides the following technical solution for an ecological photovoltaic rod that can generate electricity normally and stably even if the photovoltaic cells move randomly.

[0094] The present invention provides an ecological photovoltaic rod, which is a linear photovoltaic cell component encapsulated in a rod shape (rods are usually divided into solid rods and hollow rods, and hollow rods are usually called tubes); this photovoltaic rod at least includes (a section of) a rod-shaped matrix, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a transparent protective layer; the photovoltaic cell layer is arranged on the rod-shaped matrix (including the front or the back of the transparent rod-shaped matrix), and the transparent protective layer covers the photovoltaic cell layer; (preferably, the photovoltaic rod has end caps and fasteners for clamping the load-bearing cable, and cable holes adapted to the load-bearing cable are preset on the end caps); the thickness dimension D of this photovoltaic rod is less than the set thickness dimension. When sold, there may be no load-bearing cable inside the photovoltaic rod, and users can select and match the load-bearing cable by themselves. Preferably, its D ≤ 10mm or 20mm or 30mm or 50mm or 100mm or 200mm or 300mm or 500mm or 680mm or 880mm or 2580mm or any other suitable thickness dimension; the optimal dimension D is 10mm to 200mm. The rod-shaped matrix described here acts as the backplane in the current photovoltaic panel and plays a role in structural support.

[0095] Preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic rod, connecting members such as hook rings are respectively arranged at both ends of the photovoltaic rod for hook-linking the head and tail of the photovoltaic rods arranged in a row to form a chain (a chain structure, which is used as a load-bearing cable instead of a special load-bearing cable); alternatively, multiple photovoltaic rods are arranged in a row, connected head to tail, and strung into a string through a (continuous) load-bearing cable.

[0096] Also preferably, for the ecological photovoltaic rod, the photovoltaic cell layer is set to be a photovoltaic cell layer that surrounds the rod-shaped matrix and is greater than the set surrounding angle range; preferably, the set surrounding angle range ≥ 120° or 181° or 198° or 216° or 240° or 270° or 359°.

[0097] Also preferably, the ecological photovoltaic rod includes any one or more of the following technical features ① - ⑧: ① The photovoltaic rod is filled with thickening fillers (including thickening fillers such as air or vacuum), which are used to increase the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic rod and expand the laying area of the photovoltaic cell layer, thereby increasing the light-receiving area per unit length of the photovoltaic rod and reducing the power generation cost per unit length. ② The photovoltaic rod has spiral gaps for the load-bearing cable to wind into; alternatively, the photovoltaic rod has groove gaps for the load-bearing cable to be placed in; alternatively, the photovoltaic rod is tubular and the load-bearing cable can pass through the tube; alternatively, the photovoltaic rod is provided with connecting members (such as hook connecting members or riveting members) and connecting wires; alternatively, the photovoltaic rod is provided with end caps or / and limiters that can fasten the photovoltaic rod to the load-bearing cable; preferably, the photovoltaic rod is fixedly parallel to the load-bearing cable, the distance Y from the photovoltaic rod to the load-bearing cable is Y≤0 or 10 mm or 25 mm or 50 mm or 500 mm, and the load-bearing cable and the photovoltaic rod are in the east-west direction. It is found that the distance Y is preferably 0. In other words, it is best for the photovoltaic rod to be closely adjacent to the load-bearing cable, and it is least likely to vibrate due to wind. ③ The photovoltaic rod is a cylinder or a prism with n sides, where n is greater than a set value; preferably, n≥3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 12 or 32 or 64 or 128 or 512. ④ A supplementary electric light is also provided on the photovoltaic rod to supplement light to crops at night to promote crop growth; alternatively, a loudspeaker is also attached to the photovoltaic cable to play the sound of driving birds or mice away or (play specified) music (to promote crop growth), and the specified music includes music beneficial to crop growth; alternatively, a reflector is provided near the bottom of the photovoltaic rod to reflect ambient light to the shadow area of the photovoltaic rod, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic rod. ⑤ The photovoltaic rod is provided with an end cap, and a cable hole adapted to the load-bearing cable is preset on the end cap. ⑥ The photovoltaic rod successively (at least) includes multiple structural layers such as a load-bearing cable, a thickening filler (the air in the hollow tube can be regarded as a thickening filler), a rod-shaped matrix (such as a cylinder), a photovoltaic cell layer, and a transparent protective layer from the inside to the outside; the photovoltaic rod is provided with end caps or / and limiters (i.e., fasteners), a cable hole adapted to the load-bearing cable is preset on the end cap, and the limiter is fastened to the load-bearing cable; ⑦ The load-bearing cable is located above the center line of the gravity of the photovoltaic rod (including the added weight) to form an inverted suspension (self-stabilizing) structure; relying on the action of its own weight, the area without the photovoltaic cell layer (i.e., the non-power generation area) always faces the ground, thereby saving the usage amount of the photovoltaic cell layer. In other words, relying on the action of its own weight, the area with the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun (which can be simply referred to as automatically facing the sun) and other predetermined directions, thereby saving the usage amount of the photovoltaic cell layer; preferably, the load-bearing cable is set at the position of the upper axis line of the center line of the gravity of the photovoltaic rod to form an inverted suspension structure, and relying on the action of its own weight, the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun. ⑧The photovoltaic rod is a rod-shaped battery module composed of multiple prefabricated battery components. For example, the photovoltaic rod is a cylindrical battery module composed of a semi-cylindrical battery prefabricated component and a semi-circular rod-shaped base. The load-bearing cable is at the axis position, and the center of gravity is set below the axis to form an inverted hanging structure, which relies on its own weight to automatically make the photovoltaic cell layer face the sun.

[0098] Baidu Wenxin Yiyan answers: Farmland, forestland, mountainous land and grassland are collectively referred to as cultivated land. Cultivated land refers to land used for agricultural production, including farmland for growing crops, grassland for breeding, forestland for planting and felling timber, and mountainous land for animal husbandry and pasture. The cultivated land described in the present invention generally refers to places where green plants can grow, including but not limited to forestland, grassland, farmland, green slopes, gullies, flower and tree orchards, and green waters and green mountains, including ditches, canals, roads and ridges in cultivated land. In addition, it also includes the green belts in the middle of the road and on both sides, and also includes the surface that needs ecological restoration.

[0099] The wind vibration mentioned in the present invention generally refers to various uncontrollable fluctuations of photovoltaic cables caused by wind, such as shaking, vibration, swinging, shaking, flipping, and turbulence.

[0100] The load-bearing rope described in the present invention comprises a series of ultra-short load-bearing ropes such as a chain formed by connecting two adjacent connecting members in series.

[0101] The amount of light received in the present invention refers to the total amount of light energy received per unit time, that is, the luminous flux. The cylindrical surface in the present invention includes the cylindrical surface of a cylinder and a polygonal prism, and also includes the cylindrical surface of a semi-cylinder, which has such a geometric optical characteristic: the total amount of sunlight energy received per unit time is stable and unchanged, and will not fluctuate, and will not change with the swing of the photovoltaic cable, etc., so that the photovoltaic cell layer can generate electricity stably, and will not generate fluctuating current with the fluctuation of the photovoltaic cable.

[0102] Baidu Encyclopedia: The size of a photovoltaic cell is 4-100cm 2 , working voltage is 0.45-0.50V, working current is 20-25mA / cm 2 , so it cannot be used as a power source alone; in the photovoltaic power generation system, its monomers need to be connected in series, in parallel and packaged to form a solar cell module. Photovoltaic cells are small modules composed of multiple photovoltaic cell monomers; photovoltaic panels are large plate-like structures assembled from multiple photovoltaic cells. The photovoltaic cell layer described in the present invention can be a photovoltaic cell layer, or a photovoltaic cell layer, or a photovoltaic cell panel layer, or a thin-film photovoltaic cell, etc., which can directly convert solar energy into electrical energy.

[0103] It is generally understood by R & D personnel in the industry that the R & D directions of photovoltaic panels mainly include five key aspects. First is to improve the conversion efficiency, which has always been the goal that researchers strive for. They are committed to continuously enhancing the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic panels to increase their energy output. Second is to reduce costs, which is a crucial goal and requires innovation in multiple aspects such as material costs, production processes, and design optimization. The third direction is to improve durability and stability because photovoltaic panels need to operate stably for a long time under various environmental conditions. Researchers are committed to enhancing the wind vibration resistance, wind sway resistance, and anti - overturning ability of photovoltaic panels to ensure that the photovoltaic panels cannot move randomly and can only "generate electricity in a stationary state", enabling them to operate reliably in the long term and output stable electrical energy. The fourth direction is to carry out an integrated design, that is, to integrate photovoltaic panels with buildings or other devices to achieve more efficient energy utilization. This requires optimizing the design of photovoltaic panels to adapt to specific installation scenarios and requirements. The last direction is intelligence and networking. With the continuous development of intelligent technologies, researchers are exploring how to endow photovoltaic panels with intelligent functions to achieve more effective energy management and monitoring.

[0104] The inventor of the present invention breaks through the traditional thinking limitation that photovoltaic panels must "generate electricity in a stationary state", abandons the R & D direction of enhancing the wind vibration resistance (wind sway resistance) and anti - overturning ability of photovoltaic panels, and first proposes a reverse R & D direction and theory that allows photovoltaic panels to move randomly (including wind sway and overturning), achieving the technical goal of "stable power generation during random movement" of photovoltaic panels.

[0105] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects.

[0106] First, "stable power generation during random movement": The present invention can use a single load - bearing cable, abandoning the traditional method of using multiple load - bearing cables and stabilizing cables to build a flexible support to maintain the stability of photovoltaic panels. The present invention allows the photovoltaic cable to swing and vibrate (caused by the wind), saving a large amount of "stabilization costs" and achieving the technological innovation of "stable photovoltaic power generation during random movement", thus overcoming many technical defects caused by the necessity of stability maintenance in the current technical solutions of flexible photovoltaic supports with cable structures.

[0107] Second, no need for workers to work at high altitudes: The photovoltaic cable in the present invention is easy to install and construct. Just like installing electric wires, only need to lift its two ends and fix them to the tall support towers, without the time - consuming and laborious use of workers for high - altitude operations as in hundreds of existing patents; thus, the installation and construction costs can be reduced by more than 30%.

[0108] Thirdly, the round cable has excellent performance: It is found that the photovoltaic cable with a circular cross-section in the present invention can only swing (or sway) horizontally and cannot swing vertically. No wind force in any direction can make it twist. Regardless of the amplitude and frequency of the horizontal swing, the area and incident angle of sunlight on its circular photovoltaic cell layer always remain unchanged. Therefore, it can "generate electricity stably during random movement" and there is no power fluctuation during power generation. For this reason, it has the advantages of being easy to install at high altitudes, having low installation labor costs, being easy to clean and maintain, having a long service life, being difficult to twist, having a small wind resistance, no wind noise, no "stability maintenance costs", very small power generation fluctuations, a very large span, a very narrow shadow, very few pile foundations, not interfering with large agricultural machinery operations, not affecting crop growth, allowing normal farming of arable land, having a wide range of applications, and being able to easily exploit and utilize the surplus solar energy resources above arable land at low cost. All in all, the round cable photovoltaic power generation solution has overcome almost all nearly fifteen technical defects of the background technology (such as hundreds of patents). On the contrary, for photovoltaic cables with non-circular cross-sections such as triangular or square cross-sections, as long as they swing or vibrate horizontally, their light-receiving amount and incident angle will change accordingly, and they "cannot" generate electricity stably during random movement, and their power generation fluctuations are relatively larger, and it is slightly more difficult to output and use.

[0109] Fourthly, the span is very large: Especially when D is a narrow size of 10 mm to 200 mm, the wind resistance is very small. Therefore, the (single-span) span L in the photovoltaic power generation solution of the present invention can be made very large (for example, greater than 120 meters or 500 meters), and it can even be more than five times larger than the maximum span (59.3 meters) in the current flexible support photovoltaic power generation solution. The span L can even reach 1.76 kilometers. In comparison, the photovoltaic power generation solution of the present invention basically does not interfere with large-scale agricultural mechanization production and will not cause any ecological environment impact on the original crops in the arable land.

[0110] It is found that the reason why the maximum span in the current flexible support photovoltaic power generation solution cannot be too large is that after the span exceeds 60 meters, it is difficult for the stabilizing cable to stabilize the planar photovoltaic panel. The planar photovoltaic panel will sway with the wind, and its sunlight incident angle will change suddenly and greatly with the wind, easily forming a suddenly changing fluctuating current, resulting in a very small output power and a very low power generation efficiency. On the contrary, the photovoltaic cable in the present invention does not need to be stabilized and is not afraid of swaying with the wind. No matter how it sways, the light-receiving amount of the photovoltaic cable always remains unchanged. Therefore, a suddenly changing fluctuating current will not be formed and the power generation efficiency is normal. So, the span in the present invention can be very large.

[0111] Although the span of the solution of the present invention can be very large, in specific implementation, it can also be used in some places with very small spans according to local conditions. In other words, large spans can be compatible with small spans, while small spans cannot be compatible with large spans. The thickness of the photovoltaic cable can also be adjusted according to the actual needs of the span size. If a large span is required, a thinner photovoltaic cable can be used. If a small span is required, a thicker photovoltaic cable can be used. The inventor of the present invention recently asked Wenxin Yiyan of Baidu how many meters is the maximum span that has been achieved for the flexible photovoltaic support of the cable structure in China at present, and how many kilometers is the maximum single-span of the cable used in the suspension bridge in China. The answer is that the maximum spans of the flexible photovoltaic support of the cable structure and the cable are constantly developing and improving. Specifically, quite large spans have been achieved in some projects. For example, in the distributed photovoltaic power station project of A sewage treatment plant, the maximum single-span of its flexible support is 59.3 meters, which is the largest single-span within the known area in the flexible support system. The maximum single-span of the cable used in the suspension bridge is 1.76 kilometers. The cross-river bridge using it is the suspension bridge with the largest span in the region. The main bridge adopts a single-span integral steel box girder suspension bridge with a main span of 1.76 kilometers.

[0112] Fifth, power generation and irrigation are combined into one: An irrigation water pipe is added to the photovoltaic cable of the present invention, so that photovoltaic power generation and water conveyance and irrigation are skillfully and organically combined together, sharing the load-bearing cable and the high support, acting as a thickening filler, and can be invested and constructed at one time, with the comprehensive cost greatly reduced.

[0113] Sixth, power generation, irrigation and supplementary photosynthesis are combined into one: A night supplementary light is added to the photovoltaic cable of the present invention, so that photovoltaic power generation, water conveyance and irrigation, and the installation of supplementary lights are organically combined together, sharing the load-bearing cable and the high support, and can be invested and constructed at one time, with the comprehensive cost greatly reduced. Research shows that the investment costs of separately installing irrigation water pipes, separately installing supplementary lights, and separately installing photovoltaic cables are all relatively high. After the present invention combines the three organically and comprehensively utilizes them, the cost is shared by the three, and the functions are complementary and mutually beneficial, and obvious beneficial technical effects can be obtained.

[0114] Seventh, it does not occupy arable land, does not affect farming, and is environmentally friendly: The photovoltaic power generation solution of the present invention, like erecting high-voltage wires, basically does not occupy arable land (the pile foundation can be set on the ridge, in the ditch, and by the small road according to local conditions), basically does not block sunlight, does not affect the growth of crops, the photovoltaic cable has a large span, can be relaxed (unlike the current flexible photovoltaic support of the cable structure that can only be tightened), has a high height, a narrow shadow, and a sparse density, does not block wind, rain, or light, does not affect the growth and yield of crops, does not affect the normal farming of arable land, and belongs to an environmentally friendly solar power generation method, which can enable the current arable land and mountain forests to produce additional clean energy and other added values without being affected.

[0115] VIII. Utilizing the land in two ways, complementary use of agriculture and solar energy, complementary use of fishery and solar energy: The most beneficial technical effect of the present invention is that it ingeniously develops and utilizes the surplus solar energy resources above the cultivated land and water surface. It not only does not occupy cultivated land or water surface and does not affect agricultural and forestry production, but can also irrigate the cultivated land and increase the output value of cultivated land and aquatic products. It can improve the single agricultural and forestry use of land, enhance the land value, alleviate the contradiction of the shortage of photovoltaic land use, and promote the innovative development of the complementarity between agriculture, forestry and clean energy.

[0116] Data shows that excessive sunlight exposure can affect the normal growth of some crops, and shading nets or other shading facilities are needed to adjust the light level. For example, vegetable crops such as lettuce, lettuce, spinach, cabbage, mustard, celery, etc., for example, flower crops such as violet, primrose, etc., for example, mushrooms, for example, some fruits such as strawberries, blueberries, etc., for example, root vegetable crops such as potatoes, carrots, beets. The data also shows that most crops can reduce about 10% of the light without causing a reduction in production.

[0117] Thus, the popularization and application of the present invention can excavate free photovoltaic land equivalent to 10% of the surface area of cultivated land, which is equivalent to adding tens of billions of mu of free photovoltaic land, and can additionally increase the photovoltaic power generation income for the operators of these lands. Moreover, the photovoltaic cables of the present invention can also be erected above places that do not require much sunlight, such as roads, rivers, gullies, between buildings, etc., so as to make full use of the surplus solar energy resources at high altitudes. It can be said that with one line rising into the air, the photovoltaic does not occupy land. All in all, the present invention has opened up a broad new world where photovoltaic power generation does not hinder cultivated land planting, providing a unique technical solution for ensuring the dual security of energy and food.

[0118] IX. Generating electricity locally without the need to transmit electricity from afar: There is no need to build large-scale centralized photovoltaic power stations in the remote western deserts and then spend huge amounts of money to transmit the electricity to the east for use. Instead, centralized photovoltaic power plants can be built above the cultivated land (even above non-cultivated land such as mountain streams and rivers) in areas with high electricity demand in the east, and the clean energy such as photovoltaic power generated can be consumed locally and nearby.

[0119] X. From two dimensions to one dimension: Compared with the photovoltaic power generation solutions using cable structure flexible photovoltaic brackets in the background technology (many patents), the present invention abandons the rigid two-dimensional plane fixed photovoltaic panels that are difficult to fix, have large wind resistance and are easy to damage; and it has pioneered a one-dimensional linear flexible photovoltaic cable solution - a linear photovoltaic product that only needs to be fixed at both ends and allows swinging in the middle, with small wind resistance and extremely large span. Therefore, the photovoltaic cables in the present invention do not need to be fixed in two dimensions as in the background technology, which is time-consuming and laborious, to prevent the wind vibration such as the twisting of photovoltaic panels. Thus, the "stabilization costs" such as the bracket materials, manufacturing and erection labor costs can be saved. The measurement shows that compared with the background technology, the present invention integrates the photovoltaic components and the brackets to make a linear photovoltaic product, and the material cost used is reduced by more than one-third.

[0120] 11. Small wind resistance, no strong vibration, and typhoon resistance: Since the photovoltaic cable is very thin and narrow, and the windward area is very small, the wind resistance is very small. Especially for the circular photovoltaic cable, even in the event of a typhoon, the photovoltaic cable will not undergo violent twisting and vibration, thus avoiding internal hidden crack damage to the photovoltaic cell layer. Compared with the current cable structure flexible photovoltaic support system, the typhoon resistance cost is lower.

[0121] 12. Intermittent light and high-frequency and fast shadow movement: When reducing the aspect ratio K / H and the shading coefficient D / K and suspending the photovoltaic cable in the north-south direction, its shadow can quickly move away from the crops. Some vegetable test experiments conducted by the inventor show that blocking sunlight for a while at regular intervals, for example, blocking sunlight for 1-5 minutes every 20-30 minutes, and repeating this cycle of blocking and releasing sunlight, so that the shadow of the photovoltaic cable blocks and releases sunlight multiple times and quickly every day, enabling the crops under the photovoltaic cable to receive intermittent light multiple times and for a long time, which can basically meet the growth needs of having sunlight throughout the day. Experimental data show that this intermittent light method not only does not affect photosynthesis, but can also increase the yield of vegetables and other crops, truly achieving a win-win situation for "agriculture" and "photovoltaics". This discovery is an accidental technical gain, and the principle of yield increase by intermittent light is not yet clear. It remains to be further tested and verified in practice in the future which other crops will also have such application technical effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0122] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic diagram of an application of the ecological photovoltaic system (Example 1) of the present invention on a cultivated land.

[0123] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the horizontal projection of seven photovoltaic cables on the cultivated land in

[0124] Figure 3 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the hierarchical anatomical structure of a section of a circular photovoltaic cable in

[0125] Figure 4 a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cable structure with a circular cross-section.

[0126] Figure 5 a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cable structure with an elliptical cross-section (self-stabilizing structure with the load-bearing cable directly above the center of gravity) in the present invention (Example 2).

[0127] Figure 6 a schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cable structure with a triangular cross-section in the present invention (Example 3).

[0128] Figure 7 a schematic diagram of the outer shape of a square photovoltaic cable in the present invention (Example 4).

[0129] Figure 8 The Figure 7 schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the square photovoltaic cable in

[0130] Figure 9 schematic diagram of a photovoltaic rod and its connection structure in the present invention (Example 5).

[0131] Figure 10 schematic diagram of a photovoltaic rod with spiral slits (when not yet threaded onto the load-bearing cable) in the present invention (Example 6).

[0132] Figure 11 The Figure 10 schematic diagram of the series connection structure of multiple photovoltaic rods (after being threaded onto the load-bearing cable) in

[0133] Figure 12 schematic diagram of a photovoltaic rod with groove slits (i.e., straight slits) (when not yet threaded onto the load-bearing cable) in the present invention (Example 6).

[0134] Figure 13 schematic diagram of a structure of a (hanging type) photovoltaic rod in the present invention (Example 7).

[0135] Figure 14 The Figure 13 schematic diagram of a structure in which multiple photovoltaic rods are hung on an external load-bearing cable in

[0136] Figure 15 schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a photovoltaic cable in which multiple drip irrigation water pipes are embedded in the present invention (Example 8).

[0137] Figure 16 schematic diagram of a structure in which a drip irrigation water pipe is hung on a photovoltaic cable in the present invention (Example 8).

[0138] Figure 17 schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a structure in which seven photovoltaic cables are erected with height offsets.

[0139] Figure 18 schematic diagram of the structure of a lightweight and high-tensile-strength carbon fiber load-bearing cable.

[0140] Figure 19 schematic diagram of a structure in which a supplementary photoelectric lamp is installed on a photovoltaic rod in the present invention (Example 9).

[0141] Figure 20 schematic diagram of the structure of a tubular photovoltaic rod in the present invention (Example 5).

[0142] Figure 21 The Figure 20A schematic structural diagram when the three tubular photovoltaic rods are threaded on the load-bearing cable and connected for use.

[0143] Figure 22 A schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of a photovoltaic cable in which eight irrigation water pipes are buried and used as low-density fillers at the same time.

[0144] Figure 23 A schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic cable in which a cylindrical battery module or a flat strip (battery module) is suspended below a load-bearing cable (i.e., the load-bearing cable and the flat strip are arranged in the same direction).

[0145] Figure 24 A schematic structural diagram of a (photovoltaic grid) in which the photovoltaic cable and the load-bearing cable are cross-tied and fixed.

[0146] Figure 25 For Figure 12 A schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the photovoltaic rod in (when it has ridden onto the load-bearing cable).

[0147] Figure 26 An application schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cable covering the high altitude of ten thousand mu of cultivated land.

[0148] Figure 27 A schematic structural diagram of an octagonal prism-shaped photovoltaic rod in the present invention (Example Ten).

[0149] Figure 28 A schematic structural diagram of a limiting structure for preventing the photovoltaic rod from sliding.

[0150] Figure 29 An application schematic diagram of borrowing a street lamp pole as a high-rise support in the present invention (Example Eleven).

[0151] Figure 30 For Figure 6 A schematic structural diagram of the triangular photovoltaic cable sleeve after a circular transparent protection tube is put on in .

[0152] Figure 31 A schematic structural diagram of a semi-cylindrical photovoltaic rod in the present invention.

[0153] Figure 32 A schematic diagram of a water-making machine in the present invention (Example Twelve) using a photovoltaic power generation system to supply power for water making and irrigation.

[0154] Figure 33 For Figure 25 A schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the photovoltaic rod in after the groove gaps are filled with sealing strips.

[0155] Figure 34 A schematic cross-sectional structural diagram of the upper and lower two semi-cylindrical battery prefabricated parts after being buckled into a cylindrical battery module for use.

[0156] Figure 35 It is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram for use after a semi-cylindrical battery prefabricated component and another semi-cylindrical rod-shaped base are buckled into a semi-cylindrical battery module.

[0157] Figure 36 It is a schematic structure diagram of a tubular photovoltaic rod.

[0158] Figure 37 For Figure 36 It is a schematic diagram of an end cap of the tubular photovoltaic rod in

[0159] Figure 38 It is a schematic diagram of a current connecting member (shackle).

[0160] Figure 39 It is a schematic structure diagram of a cylindrical photovoltaic rod.

[0161] Figure 40 It is a schematic structure diagram of a triangular prism-shaped photovoltaic rod.

[0162] Figure 41 It is a schematic diagram of the different moving distances of photovoltaic cables at different heights and their noon shadows in the same period.

[0163] Figure 42 For Figure 16 It is a schematic diagram of a drip irrigation water pipe in coated with a reflective object.

[0164] Figure 43 It is a schematic structure diagram of a flat strip-shaped photovoltaic cable formed by multiple flat strips (battery modules) that can be hung under an external load-bearing cable and shaken with the wind.

[0165] Figure 44 For Figure 43 It is a schematic structure diagram of multiple flat strips in pulled by springs on a stabilizing cable respectively.

[0166] Figure 45 It is a schematic diagram of a section of a structure where many flat strips are horizontally installed on a load-bearing cable and can be shaken with the wind.

[0167] Figure 46 It is a schematic diagram of another section of a structure where many flat strips are horizontally installed on a load-bearing cable and can be shaken with the wind.

[0168] Figure 47 It is a schematic structure diagram of a double-load-bearing cable linkage for stabilizing a photovoltaic panel in a current flexible photovoltaic support.

[0169] Explanation of the attached reference numerals: 1 - photovoltaic cable, 2 - load-bearing cable, 201 - external load-bearing cable, 202 - cable hole, 203 - stabilizing cable, 3 - photovoltaic cell layer, 4 - transparent protective layer, 5 - thickening filler, 501 - cable shell backplane layer, 6 - tall support, 601 - support crossbeam, 7 - crop, 8 - cultivated land, 9 - shadow, 10 - sun, 11 - photovoltaic rod, 12 - connecting wire, 13 - connecting member, 14 - spiral gap, 15 - groove gap, 16 - hanging member, 17 - sunlight, 18 - water pipe, 19 - water droplet, 20 - sprayed water, 21 - supplementary photovoltaic lamp, 22 - photovoltaic cell, 23 - R-corner guard strip, 24 - thin-film photovoltaic cell, 25 - large agricultural machinery, 26 - power supply wire, 27 - non-power generation area, 28 - limiting member (i.e., fastener / clamp, etc.), 29 - rod-shaped base, 30 - flat strip (battery module), 31 - circular transparent protection tube, 32 - air water maker, 33 - seal, 34 - battery prefabricated component, 35 - end cap, 36 - heavy object, 37 - air (space), 38 - reflector, 39 - spring, 40 - lever, 41 - connecting device, 42 - (wide-width) photovoltaic panel. Detailed implementation manners

[0170] To make the technical means, creative features, achieved purposes and functions of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the specific implementation manners.

[0171] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be construed as a limitation to the present invention. It should also be noted that for the convenience of description, the present invention defines the length direction of the photovoltaic cable as the longitudinal direction, and the direction perpendicular thereto as the transverse direction or left and right.

[0172] It should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", "communication", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "communication" can be electrical communication or direct connection. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0173] Example 1.

[0174] As Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 26As shown, thousands of photovoltaic cables 1 are set up in the sky at a distance of 30-50 meters from the ground and 0.5-1 meter apart in the north-south direction over a thousand mu of cultivated land 8 (such as a wheat field, a vegetable field, a corn field, or an orchard).

[0175] The first step is to wrap a layer of photovoltaic cells 3 (in other words, to lay a plurality of photovoltaic cells in an angle range of 360° around the (special) load-bearing cable 2) (preferably a special load-bearing cable with a high tensile strength greater than 1200 MPa), such as a galvanized prestressed steel strand of φ15.2×3, a high-strength fiber rope, a carbon fiber cable, an aramid cable, a glass fiber cable, a steel wire rope, a lightweight pipe, etc.), preferably a thin-film photovoltaic cell as the photovoltaic cell layer 3, to make a cylindrical cell module (built into a special load-bearing cable 2) - a photovoltaic cable 1. Thin-film photovoltaic cells (also called thin-film solar cells) are very flexible photovoltaic cells that can be cut into various shapes and sizes. Common shapes include long strips (such as Figure 27 As shown), circular, or even complex curved shapes. Cadmium telluride thin film photovoltaic cells are a mature thin film photovoltaic cell technology and product, usually composed of cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin film, which can be made into a very thin layer on the substrate, making the cell flexible and bendable. This feature allows cadmium telluride thin film photovoltaic cells to be used in the manufacture of flexible solar panels, suitable for application scenarios that require curved or curved designs. The invention patented technology product "Cadmium Telluride Thin Film Solar Cell (CN111341859B)" of Zhejiang University and Longyan Energy Technology (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., and the patented product "Thin Film Battery Module, Perovskite Battery Module and Photovoltaic System (CN117295349A)" of Trina Solar Co., Ltd. (Changzhou, Jiangsu), as well as CIGS thin film solar cells, have all been mass-produced and are mature commercial products, which will not be repeated here. When implementing it specifically, it can be customized from its manufacturer. It is worth looking forward to that "Nature" published Longi's latest scientific research results that "thinner than A4 paper" high-toughness and high-power solar cells have been manufactured. The battery can be rolled up at will, and is particularly suitable for packaging the photovoltaic cable 1 of the present invention. During specific implementation, it can be customized from the manufacturer.

[0176] It is best to use Figure 18 The circular high-performance fiber rope with a cross-sectional diameter of 80 mm shown is, for example, a carbon fiber rope. Carbon fiber is a new material with excellent mechanical properties. Its specific gravity is less than 1 / 4 of that of steel. The tensile strength of carbon fiber resin composite materials is generally above 350OMpa, which is 7-9 times that of steel. The tensile elastic modulus is 23000-43000Mpa, which is also higher than that of steel. Therefore, Figure 18As shown, the low-density filler 5 can be omitted, and only the load-bearing cable 2 and its cable shell backplane layer 501 are retained. Such high-performance fiber ropes are mature commercially available products and will not be elaborated here. When needed, it can be customized or purchased from relevant manufacturers.

[0177] In the second step, a transparent protective layer 4 is laid on the photovoltaic cell layer 3. For example, a transparent outer layer such as the transparent protective layer 4 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene material. The polytetrafluoroethylene material has excellent properties such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and high toughness. It can not only protect the photovoltaic cell module and receive light, but also has flexibility and can be bent, which helps to realize the bending of the battery module. Such a polytetrafluoroethylene transparent outer layer can use a circular transparent protection tube 31, which is also a mature commercially available product and will not be elaborated here. When needed, it can be customized or purchased from relevant manufacturers.

[0178] In the third step, referring to the current production process of 100 mm thick cables, a photovoltaic cable 1 with a thickness dimension of D (preferably a diameter D of 100 mm) is produced, and all cylindrical surfaces can receive light. No matter how the photovoltaic cable 1 vibrates in the wind (how it twists, how it sways, how it moves randomly), there is always a photovoltaic cell layer 3 facing the sun 10 that can receive light for power generation, that is, a (circular) cylindrical battery module. In this way, a cable-shaped photovoltaic battery pack - the photovoltaic cable 1 is encapsulated; the photovoltaic cable 1 at least includes (a dedicated) load-bearing cable 2 and a photovoltaic cell layer 3 and a transparent protective layer 4 that surround the (dedicated) load-bearing cable 2 by 360°. It does not have the problem that the random movement of the photovoltaic cable 1 will cause the solar incidence angle to change suddenly. The cross-section of the photovoltaic cable 1 is preferably a perfect circle as Figure 4 shown. It can also be (but it is not recommended to use) Figure 5 shown in the ellipse, Figure 6 shown in the triangle, Figure 8 shown in the square, (polygon approaching a circle), or a figure approaching a circle with the (dedicated) load-bearing cable 2 as the center line, etc.; where D ≤ 10 mm or 20 mm or 30 mm or 50 mm or 100 mm or 200 mm or 300 mm or 500 mm or 680 mm or 880 mm or 2580 mm or any other suitable thickness dimension; the best dimension D is from 10 mm to 100 mm. According to specific uses and application scenarios, various series of specifications of the photovoltaic cable 1 can also be produced. For example, a photovoltaic cable 1 as thin as a chopstick (such as 10 mm thick) or as thick as a bucket (such as 300 mm thick) can be produced.

[0179] It should be specifically noted here that research has found that only the electricity generated by the photovoltaic cable 1 with a cross-section being a perfect circle (i.e., a cylindrical battery module) is the most stable in terms of output voltage and current, and will not generate unstable fluctuating voltage and current due to the twisting and wind vibration (including fluctuations such as shaking and swaying) of the photovoltaic cable 1 caused by the wind, and can deliver stable current to the power grid. The reason is that the light-receiving amount of the photovoltaic cable 1 on the cylindrical surface will not change suddenly due to shaking or other random movements. On the contrary, if the photovoltaic cable 1 with a cross-section being an ellipse, triangle, square, polygon or other non-circular shapes is adopted, when the photovoltaic cable 1 is blown around by the wind, it will lead to the problem that the sunlight incident angle changes suddenly, and the electricity generated will inevitably fluctuate with the wind vibration (shaking and swaying) of the photovoltaic cable 1, making it necessarily difficult to transmit and use. Thus, it can be seen that in specific implementation, it is strongly recommended to adopt the photovoltaic cable 1 with a cross-section approaching a perfect circle, rather than the photovoltaic cable 1 with a non-circular cross-section.

[0180] Of course, the photovoltaic cable 1 with a cross-section being a triangle, square, polygon or other non-circular shapes is not completely unusable and can still be used in some scenarios. For example, when the span L is very small, such as 10 - 20m, the inclination angle of a certain photovoltaic cell layer 3 on the photovoltaic cable 1 can be set to 20° manually so that it will not be affected by the wind, etc., and thus can be used for power generation in small-span L scenarios. In other words, in large-span L scenarios, it is impossible for humans to adjust and fix the orientation of the photovoltaic cable 1, so it is not suitable to adopt the photovoltaic cable 1 with a non-circular shape.

[0181] On the other hand, even if the wind force is very strong, the photovoltaic cable 1 with a cross-section being a perfect circle will only swing and shake at a low frequency because it is an axisymmetric structure, so the wind forces from all directions will not form a torque on the photovoltaic cable 1. In this way, the photovoltaic cable 1 will be very durable, and can ensure no fatigue, no aging, and not easy to break for more than 20 years, and the generated current is stable and easy to use.

[0182] In comparison, in the cable structure flexible photovoltaic support technology in the background art, two (special) load-bearing cables and one stabilizing cable are used to support the two-dimensional planar photovoltaic panel. When the planar photovoltaic panel is subjected to wind forces from all directions at high altitude, it will inevitably form a torque, resulting in easy twisting, easy wind vibration, sudden changes in the sunlight incident angle, and large instantaneous current fluctuations. All in all, only the photovoltaic cable 1 with a cross-section being a perfect circle can overcome many defects such as difficult high-altitude erection, high installation labor costs, difficult cleaning and maintenance, short service life, easy twisting / vibration, large power generation fluctuations, and difficult low-cost exploitation of the surplus solar energy resources over cultivated land.

[0183] Fourth step, hang the numerous photovoltaic cables 1 made in the previous steps over the cultivated land 8 through towering supports 6 such as support columns or sling towers higher than 50 meters (similar to wire towers / poles), just like erecting high-voltage transmission lines. The height H between the photovoltaic cable 1 and the top of the crop 7 (such as coconut trees, etc.) can be set to 20 meters. The span L of a single span of the photovoltaic cable 1 can be set to 500 - 1000 meters. The distance K between the horizontal projections (on the cultivated land 8) of the photovoltaic cables 1 is preferably set to 1.2 - 2.4 meters. For example, H can be made ≥5m or 10m or 20m or 30m or 50m. In short, the height H should be high enough to ensure that the top of the crop 7 does not touch the photovoltaic cable 1. Also, L can be made ≥10m or 20m or 50m or 100m or 500m or 1000m. In short, the span L should be large enough to reduce the number of towering supports 6, reduce the surface area occupied by the pile foundation, and avoid seriously hindering the operation of large agricultural machinery 25. Preferably, K can be made ≥1m or 2m or 3m or 5m or 10m. In short, the thickness and shadow 9 width of the photovoltaic cable 1 should be appropriately reduced, the light requirements for the growth of the crop 7 should be guaranteed to the minimum extent, and the reduction in production due to uneven light should be avoided.

[0184] In order to reduce the number of pile foundations and save the surface area occupied, and also to ensure that the photovoltaic cable 1 can be erected along the north-south direction, during specific implementation, the support crossbeam 601 in the towering support 6 can also use a flexible crossbeam instead of a rigid crossbeam, such as a very thick steel cable (not shown in the figure).

[0185] It should be noted that during specific implementation, the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable 1 should be appropriately reduced, and the horizontal spacing of the photovoltaic cable 1 should be appropriately increased to ensure that the ratio of the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable 1 to the distance K between the horizontal projections (on the cultivated land 8) of the photovoltaic cable 1: D / K ≤ 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.03 or 0.05 or 0.10 or 0.20 or 0.30 or 0.5 or 1 or 2 or 3, so that the shadow 9 of the same photovoltaic cable 1 quickly (such as within 5 minutes) passes over the same crop 7 as the sun 10 moves (preferably moving a distance of one thickness dimension D within 5 minutes), to avoid the same crop 7 staying in the shadow 9 of the same photovoltaic cable 1 for a long time (such as more than 30 minutes) and reducing photosynthesis, and to avoid crop 7 production reduction due to uneven light. Research has found that the duration of the shadow 9 staying on (i.e., covering) the same crop 7 is inversely proportional to H and directly proportional to D. Thus, it can be seen that in order to reduce the impact of shadow and uneven light on crop growth, the hanging height of the photovoltaic cable 1 and H should be increased as much as possible, and the thickness D of the photovoltaic cable 1 should be reduced as much as possible. Preferably, H is selected as 2 - 30m, and the thickness dimension D is selected as 3 - 10cm.

[0186] Preferably, in order to ensure that the distance K between the horizontal projections (i.e., the shadow 9) of the photovoltaic cables 1 on the cultivated land 8 is relatively small, and at the same time to avoid mutual collision when the strong wind blows and makes them swing significantly left and right, the following measures can be taken Figure 17The three-dimensional erection method with high and low dislocation as shown makes them stagger from each other. To avoid the higher photovoltaic cable 1 covering the sun of the lower photovoltaic cable 1 at a certain moment of the day, resulting in intermittent fluctuations in the output current of the power generation system, it is best to make the height difference Δh between adjacent cables ≤ 0.5K or 0.25K or 0.15K, where K is the horizontal spacing of the photovoltaic cable 1. In this way, only when the morning light just appears in the early morning and the setting sun shines obliquely in the evening, it is possible for the upper cable to cover the sun of the lower cable. At this time, the photovoltaic power generation system has not started generating electricity yet, so it doesn't matter whether it is covered or not.

[0187] Preferably, in order to set a photovoltaic cell layer 3 with as large an area as possible within a unit length of the photovoltaic cable 1 to reduce the cost per kilowatt-hour of electricity, some thickening fillers 5 (such as filling with low-density and high-hardness polyurethane rigid foam, air, vacuum and other low-density thickening fillers) can be filled between the (special) load-bearing cable 2 and the photovoltaic cell layer 3. By increasing the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable 1, the settable area of the photovoltaic cell layer 3 can be expanded, thereby maximizing the light-receiving area per unit length of the photovoltaic cable 1 and reducing the power generation cost per unit length.

[0188] Preferably, a 0.5-mm-thick shell made of plastic or other materials with a certain stiffness (which can be called a cable shell) is extruded around the thickening filler 5 by a plastic extruder, so as to serve as the base for laying the photovoltaic cell layer 3 - the cable shell backplane layer 501. In short, the photovoltaic cable 1 preferably includes at least multiple structural layers such as the (special) load-bearing cable 2, thickening filler 5, cable shell backplane layer 501, photovoltaic cell layer 3, and transparent protective layer 4 from the inside to the outside. The advantage of this structure is that the two parts of the filler 5 and the cable shell backplane layer 501 can be used as thickened load-bearing cables - rod (cable)-shaped substrates 29. Order and purchase from professional load-bearing cable manufacturers, and then wrap and attach the flexible thin-film photovoltaic cells 24 purchased back to the rod-shaped substrate 29, and finally cover with the transparent protective layer 4 to encapsulate and make a photovoltaic cable 1. It should be noted that the thickening filler 5 is preferably a thick low-density filling material, and of course it can also be other strong and non-thick materials.

[0189] Preferably, in order to stabilize the tall support 6, referring to the 5 patents in the background technology, necessary facilities such as load-bearing stay cables and wind-resistant stay cables should be added to it according to the convention. In order to stabilize the photovoltaic cable 1 and improve its wind resistance, several horizontal elastic thin ropes - commonly known as elastic bands - can also be pulled, and used as dampers to prevent resonance and collective collapse.

[0190] Research shows that the duration of the shadow 9 staying on (i.e., covering) the same crop 7 is also approximately inversely proportional to H and directly proportional to D. Taking Xiuying District, Haikou City as an example, see Figure 41, the shadow of the 50-meter-high north-south photovoltaic cable 1 moves at a speed of 68 cm / minute at noon on March 4 (11 o'clock), and the moving distance during the same period is s2; if the height h1 of the photovoltaic cable 1 is reduced to 4.6 meters, the shadow 9 moving speed will be reduced to 2.5 cm / minute, and the moving distance during the same period is s1. From Figure 41 It can be seen that during the same noon period, the moving distance S2 of the shadow 9 of the higher h2 photovoltaic cable 1 is obviously much greater than the moving distance S2 of the shadow 9 of the lower h1 photovoltaic cable 1. In order to enable the crops 7 under the photovoltaic cable 1 to receive sunlight 10 evenly for a long time and grow normally, the shading coefficient D / K can be minimized and the erection height H of the photovoltaic cable 1 can be maximally increased.

[0191] To ensure the lighting duration and intensity to meet the normal photosynthesis needs of the crops 1, the height H of the photovoltaic cable 1 can be increased to 15 meters, D is selected as 200 mm, K is 800 mm, and the shading coefficient D / K is minimized so that the shading coefficient D / K = 0.25. As Figure 1-2 shown, the shadows 9 of multiple adjacent (such as 7) north-south photovoltaic cables 1 move from west to east every day and block the sunlight of the same crop 7 multiple times (such as 7 times), so that the crop 7 can be intermittently illuminated multiple times and for a long time (such as more than 80% of the daytime hours per day). Research has found that continuously blocking, releasing, blocking again, and releasing again to intermittently illuminate the crops every day not only does not affect growth, but instead increases production.

[0192] Example two.

[0193] As Figure 5 shown, referring to the steps of the above example, a photovoltaic cable 1 or a photovoltaic rod 11 in the shape of an elliptical cylinder (or a regular cylinder or a triangular prism, etc.) with a (special) load-bearing cable 2 directly above the center of gravity is manufactured (as Figure 25 shown) to form an inverted suspension (self-stabilizing) structure; relying on the action of its own weight, the area without the photovoltaic cell layer 3 (i.e., the non-power generation area 27) always faces the ground and will not be blown over by the wind and turn towards the sun, thereby saving the usage of the photovoltaic cell layer 3 and reducing the cost of the photovoltaic cable 1.

[0194] Preferably, as Figure 33 shown, after the photovoltaic rod 11 is placed on the (special) load-bearing cable 2, a sealing strip 33 made of a material such as rigid foam is prefabricated and stuffed into the groove gap 15 to block the groove gap 15 and squeeze and fix the (special) load-bearing cable 2. The sealing strip 33 described here can be any component that can block or plug or seal or cover its gap.

[0195] Example three.

[0196] As Figure 6As shown in the figure, referring to the steps of the above two examples, a flexible thin-film photovoltaic cell 24 can be wrapped around more than two-thirds of the surface (i.e., the surrounding angle range is ≥ 240° or more) of the triangular prism-shaped rod-shaped substrate 29 (such as a plastic hollow triangular prism), preferably on the entire surface (i.e., the surrounding angle range is 360°) as the photovoltaic cell layer 3. For example, the thin-film photovoltaic cell 24 is laid on more than 67% or even 100% of the surface. Of course, the photovoltaic cell layer 3 may not be laid on the bottom of the triangular prism.

[0197] In order to simply, quickly, and low-cost start the photovoltaic power generation project of the present invention and avoid affecting the construction speed due to the long cycle of producing, developing, and finalizing the cylindrical photovoltaic cable 1, narrow-width photovoltaic panels currently available can be pasted on the two waist sides of the triangular prism as the photovoltaic cell layer 3. Then, as Figure 30 shown, a circular transparent protective tube 31 is sleeved as the transparent protective layer 4, thereby encapsulating and manufacturing a cylindrical battery module - a cylindrical photovoltaic cable 1 with a triangular prism-shaped photovoltaic cell layer 3 inside and a circular transparent protective tube 31 outside. In this way, the photovoltaic cable 1 with a cylindrical outer surface has many of the aforementioned advantages such as small wind resistance, not easily vibrating in the wind, and not easily swinging. Even when the wind is very strong, the wind from all directions will not form a torque on the photovoltaic cable 1, so it will only swing and shake at a low frequency and will not generate torsion, thus enabling stable power generation.

[0198] Example 4.

[0199] As Figure 7 、 Figure 8 shown, referring to the steps of the above Examples 1 to 3, photovoltaic cells 22 are pasted around the square prism-shaped rod-shaped substrate 29 (such as a plastic square tube) with a side width of 130 mm (i.e., the surrounding angle range is 360°) and connected in series to form the photovoltaic cell layer 3 (i.e., the photovoltaic cells are laid on 100% of its surface) to manufacture a square prism-shaped photovoltaic cable 1.

[0200] In specific implementation, some photovoltaic cell wafers 22 with a built-in transparent protective layer 4 in the specification of 125mm×125mm and their special structural adhesive (RTV) can be purchased from current photovoltaic cell manufacturers. Then, they are pasted around the rod-shaped substrate 29 in the shape of a regular square prism one by one with the special structural adhesive, and then connected in series or / and in parallel to form a photovoltaic cell group. Preferably, R-angle protection strips 23 with a certain curvature are pasted on the four corners of the rod-shaped substrate 29. Of course, if a thinner photovoltaic cable 1 in the shape of a regular square prism needs to be made, for example, a photovoltaic cable 1 with a side width of 60mm, some photovoltaic cell wafers 22 in the specification of 55mm×125mm and their special structural adhesive can be ordered from current photovoltaic cell manufacturers. Then, they are pasted around the rod-shaped substrate 29 in the shape of a regular square prism one by one with the special structural adhesive, and then connected in series or / and in parallel to form a photovoltaic cell group, thus a photovoltaic cable 1 in the shape of a regular square prism can be made.

[0201] Embodiment 5.

[0202] As Figure 9 、 Figure 39 、 Figure 40 shown, referring to the steps of the above Examples 1 to 4, a rod-shaped (i.e., stick-shaped) cylindrical or triangular prism-shaped battery module - photovoltaic rod 11 is encapsulated; the photovoltaic rod 11 at least includes three parts: a rod-shaped substrate 29, a photovoltaic cell layer 3, and a transparent protective layer 4. It can also be made into a cylindrical or triangular prism-shaped photovoltaic rod 11 (i.e., a cylindrical surface battery module) or a semi-cylindrical photovoltaic rod 11 that is shorter (for example, 1 to 10 meters per section) (see Figure 31 ). Connecting members 13 (shackles as shown in Figure 38 ) are respectively provided at both ends of the photovoltaic rod 11 for hook-linking and stringing the photovoltaic rods 11 arranged in a row end to end into a (locked) chain structure. This design, like a nunchaku, does not require connection with a conventional (special) load-bearing cable 2. It can be supported by a (locked) chain formed by linking adjacent two connecting members 13, that is, a section of ultra-short load-bearing cable 2 to support the entire photovoltaic cable 1 with a span of L. It should be particularly emphasized that the load-bearing cable 2 described in the present invention includes a section of ultra-short load-bearing cable 2 such as a (locked) chain formed by linking adjacent two connecting members 13. Each shorter photovoltaic rod 11 is a cylindrical surface battery module, and the present invention can also be called a photovoltaic power generation tube or a photovoltaic power generation cylinder, etc. It can also be made into a structure as shown in Figure 7 、 Figure 8 referring to Figure 20 、 Figure 21The photovoltaic power generation tube or photovoltaic power generation cylinder shown. This photovoltaic power generation tube can be regarded as a photovoltaic rod 11 with the thickened filler 5 being air (commonly known as hollow). Such a tubular or pipe-shaped photovoltaic rod 11 can facilitate low-investment equipment production in small-scale photovoltaic cell factories. For example, purchasing some thin-film photovoltaic cells 24 from professional manufacturers, wrapping them around a plastic pipe with an outer diameter of 80 mm (such as a cylinder formed by buckling two or three tile-shaped battery panels), and then putting on a transparent outer cover, a photovoltaic rod 11 that is convenient for small users in each household to purchase and use can be simply manufactured. Desirably, as Figure 36 and Figure 37 shown, end caps 35 are respectively provided at both ends of the photovoltaic rod 11, and cable holes 202 adapted to the (special) load-bearing cable 2 are preset on the end caps 35; the end caps 35 are used to block the ports to prevent rats and birds from drilling into the photovoltaic rod 11 to build nests. In order to prevent the photovoltaic rod 11 from twisting / sliding and turning / breaking the wires, a limiting member 28 can be used to clamp the photovoltaic rod 11 to fix it to the (special) load-bearing cable 2.

[0203] Example six.

[0204] As Figure 10 and Figure 11 and Figure 12 shown, referring to the above example five, for the convenience of production and installation, a spiral gap 14 for the (special) load-bearing cable 2 to wind into or a groove gap 15 for it to be installed can be opened on the photovoltaic rod 11. In this way, it can facilitate low-investment equipment production in small-scale photovoltaic cell factories, and it can facilitate small users in each household to purchase the photovoltaic rod 11 for power generation. For example, after an individual user buys it home, several ropes can be pulled in front of and behind the house, and ropes such as clotheslines can be inserted into the spiral gap 14 or the groove gap 15 for use. The use is very simple and convenient, without fixation, not afraid of the wind, and does not occupy space. Of course, it can also be as Figure 34 shown, prefabricating two or three battery prefabricated parts 34 that can form a cylindrical battery module after being assembled and buckled, and assembling them on the (special) load-bearing cable 2 for use. It can also be as Figure 35 shown, prefabricating a semi-cylindrical battery prefabricated part 34 and a semi-circular rod-shaped base body 29, buckling them into a circular photovoltaic rod 11, enabling the (special) load-bearing cable 2 to pass through its axis, and adding a heavy object 36 at its bottom to lower the center of gravity of the photovoltaic rod 11, so as to form a self-stable inverted suspension structure. In other words, the photovoltaic rod 11 is a cylindrical battery module composed of a semi-cylindrical battery prefabricated part 34 and a semi-circular rod-shaped base body 29, the (special) load-bearing cable 2 is at the axis position, and the center of gravity is set below the axis to form an inverted suspension structure, and the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun by relying on its own weight.

[0205] Example seven.

[0206] As Figure 13 and Figure 14As shown, referring to Example 6 above, for the convenience of production and installation, an internal (special) load-bearing cable 2 can be made close to the upper-side eccentric photovoltaic rod 11 to form an inverted suspension structure, which is fixed in orientation by its own weight, and is hung (i.e., fixed) in the same direction as the external (special) load-bearing cable 201 through a suspension member 16, and the connecting wire 12 is connected for use. Both ends of the photovoltaic rod 11 are provided with (suspension) connecting members 16 and connecting wires 12. The photovoltaic rod 11 is basically parallel to the external (special) load-bearing cable 201. Preferably, the distance Y from the photovoltaic rod 11 to the external (special) load-bearing cable 201 is Y ≤ 0 or 10 mm or 25 mm or 50 mm or 500 mm. It is found that the distance Y is preferably 0. In other words, it is best that the photovoltaic rod 11 closely abuts against the external (special) load-bearing cable 201, and it is least likely to vibrate due to wind. Although this solution can be implemented, it is not an optimal implementation solution. In this way, it is convenient for small-scale photovoltaic cell factories to produce with low-investment equipment, and it is convenient for small users in each household to purchase and use the photovoltaic rod 11 to generate electricity.

[0207] Of course, it can also be like Figure 23 As shown, cylindrical battery modules or flat strip 30 (i.e., flat strip or tile surface) battery modules without an internal (built-in special) load-bearing cable 2 are longitudinally hung (i.e., one of the load-bearing methods) below the external (special) load-bearing cable 201 through a suspension member 16, so that they can flutter with the wind to reduce wind resistance. In other words, as Figure 43 As shown, a large number of flat strips 30 are connected in series by an external load-bearing cable 201 to form a photovoltaic cable 1 that can each flutter with the wind (around the external load-bearing cable 201). In other words, each flat strip 30 is respectively hung on the external load-bearing cable 201, and there is no linkage fixation between them. Each can flutter with the wind alone; the flutter of one flat strip 30 will not cause another flat strip 30 to flutter synchronously with it. That is to say, each can flutter with the wind alone, without linkage, only asynchronously fluttering, thus avoiding resonance damage. Most preferably, as Figure 44 As shown, each flat strip 30 is respectively pulled by a spring 39 on a stabilizing cable 203 to prevent the fluttering angular amplitude of the flat strip 30 from exceeding the set value and to keep the flat strip 30 at a set inclination angle when there is no wind.

[0208] Preferably, as Figure 45As shown, a plurality of flat strips 30 are installed flatly (including a flat installation method with a certain inclination angle) on the same load-bearing cable 2 through a connecting device 41, so that each flat strip 30 can sway with the wind relative to the load-bearing cable 2 under the action of strong winds, so as to buffer the wind force and enhance the wind resistance. Each flat strip 30 is equipped with at least one buffer mechanism, including but not limited to a spring 39 or a lever 40 mechanism. The buffer mechanism can effectively reduce the shaking amplitude of the flat strip 30 when encountering strong winds, thereby protecting the flat strip 30 from excessive stress, and automatically assisting the flat strip 30 to return to a relatively static state facing the sky after the strong wind.

[0209] It is desirable that Figure 46 As shown, a plurality of flat strips 30 are installed flatly (including a flat installation method with a certain inclination angle) on the same load-bearing cable 2 through a connecting device 41, so that each flat strip 30 can sway with the wind relative to the load-bearing cable 2 under the action of strong winds, so as to buffer the wind force and enhance the wind resistance. Each flat strip 30 is equipped with at least one buffer mechanism, including but not limited to a weight 43 and a lever 40 mechanism. This mechanism can effectively reduce the shaking amplitude of the flat strip 30 when encountering strong winds, thereby protecting the flat strip 30 from excessive stress, and automatically assisting the flat strip 30 to return to a relatively static state facing the sky after the strong wind (relying on the gravity of the weight 43).

[0210] In summary, the various flat strips 30 that make up the photovoltaic cable 1 in the present application are separate structures, and there is no linkage connection between them. The violent swing of a flat strip 30 will not be transmitted to other flat strips 30 through a load-bearing cable 2. In a photovoltaic cable 2 that is hundreds of meters long, each flat strip 30 will inevitably be affected by multiple strands, multiple phases, and multiple directions of strong winds at the same time. Their directions and combined forces will inevitably offset each other, and it is difficult to superimpose and enhance each other, and it is difficult to form destructive force. Therefore, the dynamic wind resistance cost of the present application is extremely low. The background technology "A rocky desertification control system for a large-span flexible support photovoltaic power station (CN219812768U)" and other current flexible support photovoltaic power station solutions, such as Figure 47 As shown in the figure, they all use "two load-bearing cables" to stabilize the photovoltaic panels 42. The photovoltaic panels 42 are linked to each other, and the photovoltaic panels 42 do not have their own freedom to swing. The twisting of one photovoltaic panel 42 will inevitably affect the linkage and resonance of another photovoltaic panel 42, making it difficult to resist strong winds and easy to be damaged. It is worth emphasizing that the attached photovoltaic panels 42 of this application Figure 44 The implementation plan shown has passed the actual test of Super Typhoon Makar No. 11 in 2024.

[0211] Of course, you can also Figure 24As shown, a plurality of photovoltaic cables 1 (with thinner built-in dedicated load-bearing cables 2 or without built-in dedicated load-bearing cables 2) are horizontally installed (such as hanging, placing, bundling or other bearing methods) on the external (dedicated) load-bearing cable 201. That is, the photovoltaic cables 1 and the external (dedicated) load-bearing cable 201 are cross-fixed to form a photovoltaic network; in short, multiple photovoltaic cables 1 (or their load-bearing cables 2) can be crisscrossed (also known as intertwined) to form a photovoltaic network and be suspended in the air (also known as hung in the air). This technical solution of combining internal and external cables can reduce the diameter of the built-in (dedicated) load-bearing cable 2 and lower the cost, which is an optimized implementation scheme.

[0212] Embodiment VIII.

[0213] As Figure 15 , Figure 16 As shown, an irrigation water pipe 18 is attached (externally hung or pre-buried) to the photovoltaic cable 1 and connected to the existing drip irrigation / sprinkler irrigation system to achieve the complementary function of agricultural light and photovoltaic power generation and water conveyance and irrigation. The existing drip irrigation / sprinkler irrigation system is also a mature commercially available product and will not be elaborated here. When in use, it can be customized from its relevant manufacturers or professional manufacturers can be invited to cooperate in construction. In this way, the technical solution of the present invention can not only generate photovoltaic power by using the surplus sunlight 17 above the cultivated land 8, but also conveniently irrigate the cultivated land 8 by using the water pipe 18 inside the photovoltaic cable 1. For example, a very thin and light plastic water pipe 18 with an inner diameter of 8 mm can be used for drip irrigation of crops, realizing the complementary functions of agricultural light and irrigation. It is worth mentioning that when the photovoltaic cable 1 is high enough, for example, when H is 10 - 100 meters, the dripping water droplets 19 will float down evenly like a gentle rain to moisten the cultivated land 8.

[0214] Preferably, as Figure 22 As shown, a measure of making one thing serve three purposes and having complementary functions is adopted. A batch of national standard PE drip water pipes 18 with a diameter of 16 mm and seven spare drip water pipes 18 are purchased and used as the low-density thickening filler 5 and buried in the photovoltaic cable 1 together to increase the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable 1 and expand the settable area of the photovoltaic cell layer 3. Since the water pipes are prone to blockage, in order to ensure that the photovoltaic cable 1 can be used for irrigation all the time during its 20-year life cycle, the seven spare irrigation water pipes 18 also play the role of the low-density filler 5 and the spare tire. This design does not adopt the simple method of burying a thick water pipe, but adopts the ingenious method of burying multiple thin water pipes 18 for backup, which can be described as a wonderful idea and produces the beneficial technical effect of making one thing serve three purposes.

[0215] Preferably, as Figure 42As shown in the figure, a reflective material 38 such as white matte paint is applied to the drip irrigation water pipe 18 hanging near the bottom of the photovoltaic rod 11 to reflect ambient light to the bottom of the photovoltaic rod 11 (i.e., the shaded area), thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic rod 11. In specific implementation, the reflective material 38 can also be a separately attached thin and light reflective material, such as aluminum foil, white cloth, foam board, aluminized film, etc. Of course, it is best to serve two purposes with one object and use a water pipe with a reflective surface as the reflective material.

[0216] Embodiment Nine.

[0217] As Figure 15 , Figure 16 , Figure 19 As shown in the figure, some supplementary electric lights 21 (commonly known as plant growth lights) and their power supply wires 26 are attached (hung externally or inlaid) to the photovoltaic cable 1, connected to the agricultural power grid, simulating sunlight, to help crops carry out photosynthesis and promote growth, so as to realize the four-in-one agricultural-light complementary function of photovoltaic power generation, night supplementary lighting, and water conveyance and irrigation. In this way, the technical solution of the present invention can not only utilize the surplus sunlight 17 above the cultivated land 8 for photovoltaic power generation, but also conveniently use the water delivery pipe in the photovoltaic cable 1 to irrigate the cultivated land 8, and can also use the supplementary electric lights 21 to supplement light to the light-loving crops 7 at night to promote the crops 7 to carry out photosynthesis and grow.

[0218] Preferably, heating elements such as electric heating films (not shown in the figure) are attached to the photovoltaic cable 1, connected to the power grid, and when necessary, used to melt the snow, freezing rain, and ice cubes on it by passing an electric current to prevent it from being crushed.

[0219] Preferably, speakers such as ceramic chips (not shown in the figure) are attached to the photovoltaic cable 1, connected to the broadcasting system, and when necessary, used to play sounds (including harassment sounds such as ultrasonic waves and natural enemy calls) to drive away birds or mice, or play music liked by the crops to promote the growth of the crops 7.

[0220] Embodiment Ten.

[0221] As Figure 27 As shown in the figure, order a batch of octagonal prism-shaped (preferably 16 - 128 prism-shaped injection-molded) tube barrels - rod-shaped substrates 29 with a diameter D of 100 mm and a length of 1200 mm, and their transparent outer sleeves from a plastic manufacturer. Then order a batch of flat strips 30 with a width of 35 mm and a length of 210 mm from a photovoltaic cell manufacturer. Then paste them one by one onto the eight faces of the octagonal prism-shaped (injection-molded or blow-molded) tube barrel (i.e., the rod-shaped substrate 29) (i.e., the circumferential angle range is 360°), put on a transparent outer sleeve as the transparent protective layer 4, and then connect them in parallel and in series to form a cylindrical battery module, and then a photovoltaic rod 11 can be made. In this way, users can pass it through the cable hole 202 to the (special) load-bearing cable 2 and connect the connecting wire 12 to form a long photovoltaic cable 1.

[0222] To prevent the photovoltaic rod 11 from sliding driven by the wind and prevent the connection wire 12 from being torn off, as shown in Figure 28 , at intervals, a limiting member 28 is installed on the (special) load-bearing cable 2, such as fasteners like a limiting clip, a limiting nail, a limiting fixture, a limiter, etc.

[0223] Embodiment XI.

[0224] To save the construction cost of the tall support 6, in specific implementation, existing utility poles, transmission towers, street lamp poles, mountain terrains, river embankments, high-rise buildings, dams and other existing buildings can be borrowed to erect the photovoltaic cable 1. As shown in Figure 29 , to save the construction and use costs of street lamps, multiple photovoltaic cables 1 can be installed side by side on the street lamp support poles in the city, borrowing the street lamp support poles as the tall support 6 to realize the integrated application of street lamp construction, use, and photovoltaic power generation. In this way, not only the construction and use costs of street lamps are saved, but also the land for photovoltaic power generation can be used for free.

[0225] Embodiment XII.

[0226] As shown in Figure 32 , on the basis of the above example, an air water maker 32 is installed in or beside the cultivated land 8 (such as on the ridge). The output end of the photovoltaic power generation system is electrically connected to the air water maker 32 through a power supply wire 26, and the irrigation water pipe 18 is communicated with the air water maker 32, so that the produced air water can be used to irrigate the crops 7 in the cultivated land 8. Just as the saying goes: Receive sunlight in the sky to generate electricity, produce air water for irrigation, moisten the growth of crops on the earth, and ensure the double safety of energy and food. The air water maker 32 is a mature commodity, and products such as the "improved air water maker (CN207865768U)" produced by Shenzhen Funengda Air and Water Technology Development Co., Ltd. can be purchased for supporting. The specific technical details are not elaborated here.

[0227] The above-disclosed are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. The drawings are only structural schematic diagrams and are not drawn according to the actual size ratio, and cannot be used to limit the scope of the rights of the present invention. Equivalent changes based on the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological photovoltaic method, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: ① Set the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer on the load-bearing cable, and encapsulate and manufacture a linear photovoltaic cell module supported by the load-bearing cable - a photovoltaic cable; the thickness and width dimensions of the photovoltaic cable are D; ② Suspend multiple photovoltaic cables at intervals above the ground through high-rise supports; set the height of the photovoltaic cable as H, the span of a single span of the photovoltaic cable as L, and the horizontal projection spacing of the photovoltaic cable as K; among them, H is greater than the set height dimension, L is greater than the set span dimension, and K is greater than the set spacing dimension; ③ Make the ratio of the thickness and width dimension D of the photovoltaic cable to the horizontal projection spacing K of the photovoltaic cable - the shading coefficient: D / K less than the set coefficient value.

2. The ecological photovoltaic method according to claim 1, wherein: Surround the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer around the load-bearing cable to form an in-load-bearing-cable-type photovoltaic cable; or, fix the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer to the load-bearing cable to form an out-load-bearing-cable-type photovoltaic cable; or, encapsulate and manufacture the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer into a flat strip and fix it to the load-bearing cable to form a flat strip-type photovoltaic cable supported by the load-bearing cable.

3. The ecological photovoltaics method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Make the photovoltaic cable into a cylinder, or into a flat strip, or into a prism with n sides, where n ≥ 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 12 or 32 or 64 or 128 or 512.

4. The ecological photovoltaics method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Set the photovoltaic cable in the same direction as its load-bearing cable and suspend it in the air; or, adopt an erection method with high and low dislocation to stagger the photovoltaic cables from each other and suspend them in the air.

5. The ecological photovoltaics method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, characterized in that, It includes any one or any combination of the following technical measures: ① Connect a longer photovoltaic cable within the span L of a single span with multiple shorter photovoltaic cables; each shorter photovoltaic cable is hereinafter simply referred to as a photovoltaic rod; ② Attach an irrigation water pipe to the photovoltaic cable, so that the photovoltaic cable and the irrigation water pipe share the same load-bearing cable and its high-rise supports; ③ Install supplementary lighting lamps on the photovoltaic cable, so that the photovoltaic cable and the supplementary lighting lamps and their power supply wires share the same load-bearing cable and its high-rise supports, for supplementing light to crops at night; ④ Fill thickening fillers between the load-bearing cable and the photovoltaic cell layer to increase the thickness and width dimension D of the photovoltaic cable and expand the laying area of the photovoltaic cell layer; ⑤ Raise the height H of the photovoltaic cable, reduce the shading coefficient D / K, and use the shadows of adjacent multiple photovoltaic cables to continuously block, release, block again, and release again to intermittently illuminate the crops, so that the crops can receive sunlight more frequently, for a long time, and intermittently every day; ③ Install a speaker on the photovoltaic cable, so that the photovoltaic cable and the speaker and its power supply wires share the same load-bearing cable and its high-rise supports, for playing bird or mouse repelling sounds or music; ④ Set the load-bearing cable above the center line of the gravity of the photovoltaic cable to form an inverted suspension structure, and rely on the action of its own weight to make the photovoltaic cell layer automatically face the sun; Or, set the load-bearing cable at the position of the axis above the center line of the gravity of the photovoltaic cable to form an inverted suspension structure, and rely on the action of its own weight to make the photovoltaic cell layer automatically face the sun; ⑧ Hang or lay each flat strip on the external load-bearing cable separately, without linkage fixation between them, so that they can swing independently with the wind; ⑨D ≤ 10 mm or 20 mm or 30 mm or 50 mm or 100 mm or 200 mm or 300 mm or 500 mm or 680 mm or 880 mm, or 2580 mm, H ≥ 1 m or 2 m or 3 m or 5 m or 10 m or 20 m or 30 m or 50 m, L ≥ 10 m or 20 m or 50 m or 80 m or 150 m or 500 m or 1000 m, K ≥ 0.05 m or 0.1 m or 0.2 m or 0.5 m or 1 m or 2 m or 3 m or 5 m or 10 m, D / K ≤ 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.03 or 0.05 or 0.10 or 0.20 or 0.30 or 0.50 or 1 or 2 or 3; ⑩Suspend the photovoltaic cable above the cultivated land so that the noon shadow moves a distance equal to the width of one noon shadow every 1 - 20 minutes or every 1 - 5 minutes; or, the time for the noon shadow to move a distance equal to the width of one noon shadow does not exceed 30 minutes.

6. The ecological photovoltaics method according to claim 5, wherein It includes any one or any combination of the following technical measures: ①Each flat strip is respectively pulled by a spring on the stabilizing cable to prevent the lifting angle of the flat strip from exceeding the set value and keep the flat strip at the set inclination angle when there is no wind. Alternatively, multiple flat strips are all horizontally installed on the same load-bearing cable through a connecting device, so that each flat strip can swing with the wind relative to the load-bearing cable under strong wind conditions. Each flat strip is equipped with at least one buffering mechanism, including but not limited to springs, weights, or lever mechanisms. This buffering mechanism is used to slow down the swinging amplitude of the flat strip when encountering strong wind and automatically assist the flat strip to reset to a relatively stationary state facing the sky after the strong wind. ②The photovoltaic rod has a tubular shape, with the load-bearing cable passing through the tube; or, connecting members are respectively provided at both ends of the photovoltaic rod, and the photovoltaic rods arranged in a row are hooked and strung together into a chain with the connecting members. ③Connecting members are provided on the photovoltaic rod, and the photovoltaic rod is hung on an external load-bearing cable or connected into a longer photovoltaic cable through the connecting members. ④One or more irrigation water pipes are used as thickening fillers and buried in the photovoltaic cable; or, the irrigation water flows over the surface of the photovoltaic cable. ⑤The photovoltaic rod includes at least, from the inside to the outside, a load-bearing cable, a thickening filler, a cable shell back panel layer, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a transparent protective layer; end caps or / and limiters are provided on the photovoltaic rod. Cable holes adapted to the load-bearing cable are preset on the end caps, and the limiters are fastened on the load-bearing cable. ⑥Make L ≥ 80 m, D ≤ 0.235 m, D / K ≤ 0.25; or, make D ≤ 0.15 m, D / K ≤ 0.15; ⑦Erect the photovoltaic cable along the north-south direction, which includes all directions with an angle less than 39 degrees with the meridian; or, only one load-bearing cable is used to carry one photovoltaic cable. ⑧Install an air water maker in the cultivated land or beside the cultivated land, electrically connect the output end of the photovoltaic power generation system to the air water maker, and connect the irrigation water pipe to the air water maker for irrigating the crops in the cultivated land. ⑨The photovoltaic rod is a rod-shaped battery module composed of multiple prefabricated battery components spliced together. ⑩Set a reflector near the bottom of the photovoltaic cable to reflect ambient light to the shadow area of the photovoltaic cable.

7. An ecological photovoltaic system, characterized in that it Include: ① The linear photovoltaic cell module formed by encapsulation - photovoltaic cable; the photovoltaic cable at least includes a load - bearing cable, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a transparent protective layer; the photovoltaic cell layer is disposed on the load - bearing cable, and the transparent protective layer covers the photovoltaic cell layer; the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable is less than the set thickness dimension; ② Tall supports and numerous photovoltaic cables arranged at intervals hanging above the ground surface; the height of the photovoltaic cable is H, the single - span of the photovoltaic cable is L, and the horizontal projection spacing of the photovoltaic cable is K; among them, H is greater than the set height dimension, L is greater than the set span dimension, and K is greater than the set spacing dimension; ③ The shadow projected by the photovoltaic cable on the ground surface, including the horizontal projection; among them, the ratio of the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable to the horizontal projection spacing K of the photovoltaic cable - shading coefficient: D / K is less than the set coefficient value.

8. The ecological photovoltaic system according to claim 7, wherein: The photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer surround the load - bearing cable, thus forming an in - load - bearing - cable - type photovoltaic cable; or, the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer are fixed on the load - bearing cable, thus forming an out - load - bearing - cable - type photovoltaic cable; or, the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer are encapsulated and manufactured into a flat strip and fixed on the load - bearing cable, thus forming a flat - strip - type photovoltaic cable supported by the load - bearing cable.

9. The ecological photovoltaic system according to claim 8, characterized in that: The photovoltaic cable is a cylinder, or a flat strip, or a prism with n sides, where n≥3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 12 or 32 or 64 or 128 or 512.

10. The ecological photovoltaic system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The photovoltaic cable is arranged in the same direction as its load - bearing cable and hangs in the air; or, an erection method of high - low dislocation is adopted to stagger the photovoltaic cables and hang them in the air, where the height difference Δh between adjacent two cables ≤0.5K or 0.25K or 0.15K.

11. The ecological photovoltaic system according to claim 7 or 8 or 9 or 10, which includes any one or any combination of the following technical features: ① A relatively long photovoltaic cable within the span L of a single - span, which is composed of multiple shorter photovoltaic cables connected; each shorter photovoltaic cable is hereinafter simply referred to as a photovoltaic rod; ② An irrigation water pipe is attached to the photovoltaic cable, and the photovoltaic cable and the irrigation water pipe share the same load - bearing cable and its tall supports; ③ Supplementary electric lights are arranged on the photovoltaic cable, and the photovoltaic cable, the supplementary electric lights, and their power supply wires share the same load - bearing cable and its tall supports, for supplementing light to light - loving crops at night; ④ A thickening filler is filled between the load - bearing cable and the photovoltaic cell layer, for increasing the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable and expanding the laying area of the photovoltaic cell layer; ⑤ Raise the height H of the photovoltaic cable, reduce the shading coefficient D / K, and use the shadows of adjacent multiple photovoltaic cables to continuously block, release, block again, and release again to intermittently illuminate the crops, so that the crops can receive sunlight more frequently, for a longer time, and intermittently every day; ⑥ A loudspeaker is installed on the photovoltaic cable, and the photovoltaic cable, the loudspeaker, and its power supply wires share the same load - bearing cable and its tall supports, for playing the sound or music of bird - repelling or mouse - repelling; ⑦ The load - bearing cable is arranged above the center - of - gravity line of the photovoltaic cable to form an inverted - suspension structure, and the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun by relying on its own weight; or, the load - bearing cable is arranged at the position of the axis above the center - of - gravity line of the photovoltaic cable to form an inverted - suspension structure, and the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun by relying on its own weight; ⑧ Each flat strip is respectively hung or lies flat on the external load-bearing cable, without interlocking fixation with each other, and each sways independently with the wind; ⑨ D ≤ 10mm or 20mm or 30mm or 50mm or 100mm or 200mm or 300mm or 500mm or 680mm or 880mm, or 2580mm, H ≥ 1m or 2m or 3m or 5m or 10m or 20m or 30m or 50m or 100m, L ≥ 10m or 20m or 50m or 80m or 150m or 500m or 1000m, K ≥ 0.05m or 0.1m or 0.2m or 0.5m or 1m or 2m or 3m or 5m or 10m, D / K ≤ 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.03 or 0.05 or 0.10 or 0.20 or 0.30 or 0.50 or 1 or 2 or 3, n ≥ 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 12 or 32 or 64 or 128 or 512; ⑩ The photovoltaic cable is suspended above the cultivated land, and the noon shadow moves a distance equal to the width of one noon shadow every 1 - 20 minutes or every 1 - 5 minutes; or, the noon shadow moves a distance equal to the width of one noon shadow in no more than 30 minutes.

12. The ecological photovoltaic system according to claim 11, which includes any one or any combination of the following technical features: ① Each flat strip is respectively pulled by a spring on the stabilizing cable to prevent the lifting angle of the flat strip from exceeding the set value and to keep the flat strip at the set inclination angle when there is no wind; Or, multiple flat strips are all horizontally installed on the same load-bearing cable through a connecting device, so that each flat strip can sway with the wind relative to the load-bearing cable under the action of strong wind. Each flat strip is equipped with at least one buffering mechanism, including but not limited to springs, weights, or lever mechanisms. This buffering mechanism is used to slow down the swaying amplitude of the flat strip when encountering strong wind and automatically assist the flat strip to reset to a relatively stationary state facing the sky after the strong wind; ③ The photovoltaic rod is provided with a connecting member, and the photovoltaic rod is hung on the external load-bearing cable or connected into a longer photovoltaic cable through the connecting member; or, connecting members are respectively provided at both ends of the photovoltaic rod, and the connecting members hook and connect the photovoltaic rods arranged in a row end to end to form a chain; ② One or more irrigation water pipes, also used as thickening fillers, are buried in the photovoltaic cable; or, the irrigation water flows over the surface of the photovoltaic cable; ④ From the inside to the outside, the photovoltaic rod at least includes a load-bearing cable, a thickening filler, a cable shell back panel layer, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a transparent protective layer in sequence; the photovoltaic rod is provided with an end cap or / and a limiting member, and a cable hole adapted to the load-bearing cable is preset on the end cap, and the limiting member is used to fasten the photovoltaic rod on the load-bearing cable; ⑤ L ≥ 80m, D ≤ 0.235m, D / K ≤ 0.25; or, D ≤ 0.15m, D / K ≤ 0.15; ⑥ The photovoltaic cable is erected along the north-south direction, and this north-south direction includes all directions with an included angle less than 39 degrees with the meridian; or, only one load-bearing cable is used to carry one photovoltaic cable; ⑦ An air water maker is installed in or beside the cultivated land, the output end of the photovoltaic power generation system is electrically connected to the air water maker, and the irrigation water pipe is communicated with the air water maker for irrigating the crops in the cultivated land; ⑧The photovoltaic rod is a cylindrical battery module composed of multiple prefabricated battery components; ⑨The photovoltaic cable is arranged in the same direction as the load-bearing cable and is suspended in the air by a load-bearing cable; ⑩A reflector is arranged near the bottom of the photovoltaic cable to reflect ambient light to the shadow area of the photovoltaic cable, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cable.

13. An ecological photovoltaic cable, characterized in that: It is a linear photovoltaic cell module - a photovoltaic cable; the photovoltaic cable at least includes a load-bearing cable, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a transparent protective layer; the photovoltaic cell layer is arranged on the load-bearing cable, and the transparent protective layer covers the surface of the photovoltaic cell layer; the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable is less than the set thickness dimension.

14. The ecological photovoltaic cable according to claim 13, characterized in that: The photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer surround the load-bearing cable, thereby forming an in-built load-bearing cable type photovoltaic cable; or, the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer are fixed on the load-bearing cable, thereby forming an external load-bearing cable type photovoltaic cable; or, the photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer are encapsulated into a flat strip and fixed on the load-bearing cable, thereby forming a flat strip type photovoltaic cable supported by the load-bearing cable.

15. The ecological photovoltaic cable according to claim 14, wherein: The photovoltaic cable is a cylinder, or a flat strip, or a prism with n sides, where n≥3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 12 or 32 or 64 or 128 or 512.

16. The ecological photovoltaic cable according to claim 15, wherein: The photovoltaic cable is arranged in the same direction as its load-bearing cable and is suspended in the air; or, the photovoltaic cables are staggered from each other in a high-low staggered installation method and are suspended in the air.

17. The ecological photovoltaic cable according to claim 13 or 14 or 15 or 16, characterized in that, It includes any one or any combination of the following technical features: ①A relatively long photovoltaic cable within the span L of a single span, which is composed of multiple shorter photovoltaic cables connected; each shorter photovoltaic cable is hereinafter simply referred to as a photovoltaic rod; ②An irrigation water pipe is attached to the photovoltaic cable, and the photovoltaic cable and the irrigation water pipe share the same load-bearing cable and its high-rise support; ③A supplementary electric light is arranged on the photovoltaic cable, and the photovoltaic cable, the supplementary electric light, and its power supply wire share the same load-bearing cable and its high-rise support to supplement light to light-loving crops at night; ④A thickening filler is filled between the load-bearing cable and the photovoltaic cell layer to increase the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic cable and expand the laying area of the photovoltaic cell layer; ⑤An electric heating element is attached to the photovoltaic cable to melt the snow and freezing rain ice on it through electric heating; or, a reflector is arranged near the bottom of the photovoltaic cable to reflect ambient light to the shadow area of the photovoltaic cable; ⑥A speaker is installed on the photovoltaic cable, and the photovoltaic cable, the speaker, and its power supply wire share the same load-bearing cable and its high-rise support to play the sound or music of bird or mouse repellent; ⑦The load-bearing cable is arranged above the center line of gravity of the photovoltaic cable to form an inverted suspension structure, and the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun by relying on its own weight; Or, the load-bearing cable is arranged at the position of the axis above the center line of gravity of the photovoltaic cable to form an inverted suspension structure, and the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun by relying on its own weight; ⑧Each flat strip is respectively hung or lies flat on the external load-bearing cable, without interlocking fixation between them, and each sways independently with the wind; ⑨D ≤ 10 mm or 20 mm or 30 mm or 50 mm or 100 mm or 200 mm or 300 mm or 500 mm or 680 mm or 880 mm, or 2580 mm, H ≥ 1 m or 2 m or 3 m or 5 m or 10 m or 20 m or 30 m or 50 m, L ≥ 10 m or 20 m or 50 m or 80 m or 150 m or 500 m or 1000 m, K ≥ 0.05 m or 0.1 m or 0.2 m or 0.5 m or 1 m or 2 m or 3 m or 5 m or 10 m, D / K ≤ 0.01 or 0.02 or 0.03 or 0.05 or 0.10 or 0.20 or 0.30 or 0.50 or 1 or 2 or 3.

18. The ecological photovoltaic cable according to claim 17, characterized in that It includes any one or any combination of the following technical features: ① Each flat strip is respectively pulled by a spring on the stabilizing cable to prevent the lifting angle of the flat strip from exceeding the set value and keep the flat strip at the set inclination angle when there is no wind. Alternatively, multiple flat strips are all horizontally installed on the same load-bearing cable through a connecting device, so that each flat strip can swing with the wind relative to the load-bearing cable under strong wind conditions. Each flat strip is equipped with at least one buffer mechanism, including but not limited to a spring, a weight, or a lever mechanism. This buffer mechanism is used to effectively reduce the swinging amplitude of the flat strip when encountering strong wind and automatically assist the flat strip to reset to a relatively static state facing the sky after the strong wind. ② The photovoltaic rod is tubular, and the load-bearing cable passes through the tube; alternatively, connecting members are respectively provided at both ends of the photovoltaic rod, and the connecting members hook and string together the photovoltaic rods arranged in a row end to end to form a chain. ③ Connecting members are provided on the photovoltaic rod, and the photovoltaic rod is hung on the load-bearing cable or connected into a longer photovoltaic cable through the connecting members. ④ One or more irrigation water pipes, which also serve as thickening fillers, are buried in the photovoltaic cable; alternatively, irrigation water flows over the surface of the photovoltaic cable. ⑤ The photovoltaic cable sequentially includes a load-bearing cable, a thickening filler, a cable shell backplane layer, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a transparent protective layer from the inside to the outside. ⑥ The photovoltaic rod is a cylindrical battery module composed of a semi-cylindrical battery prefabricated part and a semi-circular rod-shaped matrix. The load-bearing cable is at the axis position, and the center of gravity is set below the axis to form an inverted suspension structure, and the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun by relying on its own weight.

19. An ecological photovoltaic rod, characterized in that: It is a linear photovoltaic cell module - a photovoltaic rod - encapsulated in a rod shape; the photovoltaic rod at least includes a rod-shaped matrix, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a transparent protective layer; the photovoltaic cell layer is arranged on the rod-shaped matrix, and the transparent protective layer covers the photovoltaic cell layer; the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic rod is less than the set thickness dimension.

20. The ecological photovoltaic rod according to claim 19, wherein: Connecting members are respectively provided at both ends of the photovoltaic rod for hooking and stringing together the photovoltaic rods arranged in a row end to end to form a chain; alternatively, multiple photovoltaic rods are arranged in a row, connected end to end, and strung together into a string through a load-bearing cable.

21. The ecological photovoltaic rod according to claim 19 or 20, which includes any one or any combination of the following technical features: ① Coarse fillers are filled in the photovoltaic rod to increase the thickness dimension D of the photovoltaic rod and expand the layable area of the photovoltaic cell layer. ②The photovoltaic rod has a spiral gap for the load-bearing cable to wind into; or, the photovoltaic rod has a groove gap for the load-bearing cable to be placed into; or, the photovoltaic rod is tubular, and the load-bearing cable can pass through the tube; or, the photovoltaic rod is provided with end caps and / or limit members that can fasten the photovoltaic rod to the load-bearing cable; ③The photovoltaic rod is a cylinder or a prism with n sides, where, n ≥ 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 8 or 12 or 32 or 64 or 128 or 512; ④A supplementary photoelectric lamp is further provided on the photovoltaic rod for supplementing light to light-loving crops at night; or, a loudspeaker is further attached to the photovoltaic cable for playing the sound or music of bird repelling or mouse repelling; or, a reflector is provided near the bottom of the photovoltaic rod for reflecting ambient light to the shadow area of the photovoltaic rod; ⑤The photovoltaic rod is provided with end caps, and the end caps are preset with cable holes adapted to the load-bearing cable; ⑥The photovoltaic rod sequentially includes a load-bearing cable, a thickening filler, a rod-shaped matrix, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a transparent protective layer from the inside to the outside; ⑦The load-bearing cable is positioned above the center line of the gravity of the photovoltaic rod to form an inverted suspension structure, and the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun by relying on its own weight; Or, the load-bearing cable is arranged at the position of the axis above the center line of the gravity of the photovoltaic rod to form an inverted suspension structure, and the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun by relying on its own weight; ⑧The photovoltaic cell layer and its transparent protective layer surround the load-bearing cable, and the surrounding angle range ≥ 120° or 181° or 198° or 216° or 240° or 270° or 359°; ⑨The photovoltaic rod is a cylindrical surface battery module composed of a semi-cylindrical battery prefabricated part and a semi-circular rod-shaped matrix. The load-bearing cable is at the axis position, and the center of gravity is set below the axis to form an inverted suspension structure, and the photovoltaic cell layer automatically faces the sun by relying on its own weight; ⑩D ≤ 10mm or 20mm or 30mm or 50mm or 100mm or 200mm or 300mm or 500mm or 680mm or 880mm or 2580mm.

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