High-place pond and bighead carp pond combined circulating water culture system and method

Abstract

By designing the higher-place pond combined silver carp and bighead carp pond culture system, the circulating water combined culture method is provided and comprises the steps that high-density intensive fish culture is conducted in a higher-place pond, culture tail water of a culture unit enters a first pipeline through a pollution discharge controller and is discharged into a sedimentation pond, and after sedimentation is conducted through an ecological floating bed and a brush of the sedimentation pond, the tail water is discharged into a circulating water tank; the water enters the silver carp and bighead carp pond breeding unit through the second pipeline for silver carp and bighead carp breeding, then enters the water storage pond to be filtered and then enters the higher-place pond breeding unit again through the third pipeline, and water recycling is achieved. In the process, culture tail water discharged by the higher-place pond culture unit is rich in nutrient substances, growth of planktonic animals and plants can be promoted, bait needed by growth is provided for silver carps and bighead carps, use of chemical fertilizer is reduced, and fish manure in the higher-place pond does not need a special recovery device. Meanwhile, the silver carp and bighead carp pond culture unit replaces a plant purification pond in the prior art, and more culture area is effectively released; in addition, water in the silver carp and bighead carp pond culture unit can return to the higher-place pond culture unit through the water storage pond, and culture water circulation is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a high-level pond combined with silver carp and bighead carp pond circulating water aquaculture system and method. Background Art

[0002] China is a major country in aquaculture, with the aquaculture output accounting for more than 60% of the world's aquaculture output. Aquaculture products play a prominent role in improving the dietary structure of residents and supplying high-quality protein, and have made important contributions to ensuring China's food security. As the main production method of aquaculture in China, pond aquaculture output accounts for more than 50% of the total aquaculture output and plays a key role in aquaculture production. However, traditional intensive pond aquaculture has had an adverse impact on the surrounding environment due to the discharge of tail water; in addition, pond aquaculture has a high dependence on clean water resources, and with the reduction of available water resources, traditional pond aquaculture is also restricted. Therefore, it is imperative to explore and develop a cleaner and more efficient pond circulating water aquaculture model.

[0003] The high-level pond recirculating aquaculture system (HLP-RAS) is an intensive aquaculture method that combines modern engineering technology and ecological regulation principles. The pond body is 1.5-2 meters above the ground. This model is usually located in coastal or inland high-level areas, using the natural terrain gradient to construct stepped aquaculture units. Through the high-level difference terrain and the organic combination of the pond body and the closed-loop water treatment system, efficient recycling of water resources and precise regulation of the aquaculture environment are achieved. This model combines the spatial advantages of high-level pond aquaculture and the ecological benefits of recirculating aquaculture, using multi-level water treatment processes such as physical filtration, biological purification, and disinfection and sterilization to form a semi-closed or fully closed water circulation system, significantly reducing the dependence on external water bodies and the risk of environmental pollution. Compared with the traditional aquaculture model, HLP-RAS has the advantages of stable water quality, continuous production throughout the year, high oxygen content, and high yield. At the same time, the aquaculture tail water can be discharged up to standard or recycled after ecological treatment, without negative impact on the water ecological environment, and has high economic and ecological benefits. It is an advanced model that combines efficient production and environmental protection in the modern aquaculture field. However, this aquaculture model still has certain limitations. First, a special purification area is required to purify the aquaculture tail water, and its floor area is large (usually 15 times the aquaculture area), which greatly limits the area available for aquaculture production; second, since the aquaculture pond is above the ground, the water temperature is greatly affected by the air temperature, and the water temperature is often too high in summer, resulting in the death of aquaculture organisms; finally, additional facilities and equipment are required for the collection and treatment of fish feces in the high-level pond, increasing the aquaculture investment and operating costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on the above problems, the present application provides a recirculating aquaculture system combining a high-level pond and silver carp and bighead carp ponds. By cultivating two filter-feeding fish species, silver carp and bighead carp, in the silver carp and bighead carp ponds to form a complementary ecological niche with the fish in the high-level pond as the core, efficient utilization of resources is achieved.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the first technical solution of the present application discloses a high-level pond combined with silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture system, including a high-level pond aquaculture unit, a sewage controller, a first pipeline, a sedimentation tank, a second pipeline, a silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit, a water storage tank, and a third pipeline; wherein, both sides of the first pipeline are respectively connected to the sewage controller and the sedimentation tank, both sides of the second pipeline are respectively connected to the sedimentation tank and the silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit, the silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit is connected to the water storage tank, and both sides of the third pipeline are respectively connected to the water storage tank and the high-level pond aquaculture unit.

[0006] Further, the number of high-level pond aquaculture units ≥ 1, and each aquaculture unit is independently provided with a sewage outlet at the bottom to communicate with the sewage controller.

[0007] Further, the sedimentation tank contains n, n ≥ 1 water channels, and retaining walls are staggered between each channel for separation. A biological floating bed is placed in the center of each channel, with a vegetable planting area on the upper part and brushes hanging on the lower part.

[0008] Further, the depth of the side of the silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit connected to the second pipeline is lower than the side connected to the water storage tank, and the depth difference is 2 - 3 meters.

[0009] Further, the water storage tank includes water storage tank a and water storage tank b. An isolation dam is provided in water storage tank a, and its water flows out after being filtered by the isolation dam. A water pump is provided in water storage tank a to pump the water in water storage tank a into water storage tank b. The water in water storage tank b flows into the high-level pond aquaculture unit through the third pipeline.

[0010] Further, the system also includes a control pipe and a fourth pipeline, and the fourth pipeline is used to drain the water in the high-level pond aquaculture unit.

[0011] The second technical solution of the present application discloses a high-level pond combined with silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture method, using the above system, including: discharging the culture tail water of the high-level pond aquaculture unit into the first pipeline through the sewage controller, discharging it into the sedimentation tank, and after being precipitated by the ecological floating bed and brushes in the sedimentation tank, entering the silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit through the second pipeline for the culture of silver carp and bighead carp, and then entering the water storage tank for filtration, and then entering the high-level pond aquaculture unit through the third pipeline to realize the recycling of water.

[0012] Further, when the water in the high-level pond aquaculture unit needs to be drained, open the control pipe and the fourth pipeline for draining.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0014] 1. Use silver carp and bighead carp culture ponds to replace plant purification ponds, increasing the proportion of culture area by 90%;

[0015] 2. Reduce the water temperature in high-level ponds in summer by 3 - 5°C, with the maximum water temperature not exceeding 31°C;

[0016] 3. Reduce the cost of feces collection and treatment in high-level ponds by more than 60%;

[0017] 4. Reduce the chemical fertilizer usage in silver carp and bighead carp culture ponds by more than 80%;

[0018] 5. Save more than 90% of the culture water in high-level ponds;

[0019] 6. High-level ponds can produce marketable fish at 20,000 - 26,000 kg per mu per year, and silver carp and bighead carp culture ponds can produce silver carp and bighead carp at 1,000 - 1,500 kg per mu, significantly increasing the yield per unit area. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system of this application;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the high-level pond culture unit;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sedimentation tank;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the silver carp and bighead carp pond culture unit;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the reservoir. Detailed Embodiments

[0025] The present invention will be specifically described below in conjunction with embodiments for the understanding of those skilled in the art. It is necessary to specifically point out here that the embodiments are only used to further illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art, based on the above-mentioned invention content, make non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention, which should still fall within the protection scope of the present invention. At the same time, for those raw materials not described in detail, they are all commercially available products; for those process steps or preparation methods not mentioned in detail, they are all process steps or preparation methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0026] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, the present application provides a high-level pond combined silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture system, including a high-level pond aquaculture unit 1, a sewage controller 2, a first pipeline 7, a sedimentation tank 4, a second pipeline 8, a silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit 10, a reservoir 11, and a third pipeline 3; wherein, both sides of the first pipeline 7 are respectively connected to the sewage controller 2 and the sedimentation tank 4, both sides of the second pipeline 8 are respectively connected to the sedimentation tank 4 and the silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit 10, the silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit 10 is connected to the reservoir 11, and both sides of the third pipeline 3 are respectively connected to the reservoir 11 and the high-level pond aquaculture unit 1.

[0027] In this embodiment, the high-level pond aquaculture unit 1 (as Figure 2 shown) is a circular or square pond. The circular pond framework is welded by steel pipes, and the pool wall and the pond bottom are made of canvas, with a diameter of 16m - 24m, a depth of 2.5m, and a water depth of 2m; the square pond is made of materials such as bricks, sediment, and steel bars, the pool slope has hard soil, the side length of the fish pond is 16m - 20m, the depth is 2.5m, and the water depth is 2m. The pond is built above the ground, 1.5 - 2m higher than the ground, facilitating the inflow of aquaculture tail water into the sedimentation tank or the silver carp and bighead carp aquaculture pond. The bottom of the pond is a slope with an inclined angle of about 10 - 15° to the horizontal position, so that feces can gather towards the center of the pond bottom. A sewage outlet 14 with a diameter of 0.2m is set at the bottom center of the fish pond, and a pipeline is laid to connect to the sewage controller 2. The aquaculture species in the high-level pond aquaculture unit can be tilapia, Micropterus salmonides, Channa argus, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Siniperca chuatsi, and the aquaculture density is 15 - 20kg / m 3 , and the number of high-level pond aquaculture units can be set to multiple, each unit is independently cultured, and a sewage outlet is independently set at the bottom to connect with the sewage controller.

[0028] The sedimentation tank 2 (as Figure 3 shown) is a rectangular pond, about 20m long and about 12m wide, with a pond depth of 1.7m, and a water depth of 1.5m. The sedimentation tank is equally divided into n (n≥1) water channels, each channel is 2m wide and 20m long, and retaining walls 15 are staggered between the channels, so that the aquaculture tail water flows in a zigzag shape. An ecological floating bed 16 is placed in the center of each channel, the ecological floating bed is about 1.6m wide and about 16m long, aquatic vegetables are planted on it, and brushes 17 are hung below, the brushes are about 1.4m long, and the spacing between the brushes is about 1cm. The aquatic vegetables can be: water spinach (25 - 30 plants / m 2 ), water celery (35 - 40 plants / m 2 ), lettuce (25 - 30 plants / m 2 ). The aquaculture tail water is discharged into the sedimentation tank and flows between the retaining walls. The feces gradually settle, and then through physical interception by the brushes and biological purification by the ecological floating bed, certain nutrients and suspended particles are removed. The vegetables planted on the ecological floating bed can be picked at regular intervals and have certain economic value; in the specific implementation, the water channels in the sedimentation tank are preferably 6.

[0029] The silver carp and bighead carp pond farming unit 10 (as Figure 4 shown) is a rectangular pond with a length of about 100 m and a width of about 80 m. The depth on the side connected to the second pipeline 8 is lower than the depth on the side connected to the reservoir 11, and the depth difference is 2 - 3 m. In a preferred embodiment, the water depth of the 80 m width near the second pipeline is about 3 m, and the water depth of the other 20 m width is about 5 m. The aquaculture tail water after preliminary treatment in the sedimentation tank flows into the silver carp and bighead carp farming pond through the second pipeline 8 via the drainage holes 9. Silver carp and bighead carp are cultured in the pond, which feed on phytoplankton and zooplankton. The fatter the water, the richer the plankton it contains, which is more beneficial to the growth of silver carp and bighead carp. The aquaculture tail water discharged from the high-level pond is rich in nutrients, which can promote the growth of planktonic animals and plants, provide bait for silver carp and bighead carp, and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. The stocking density of silver carp and bighead carp: 1000 - 1500 kg / mu, and the ratio of silver carp to bighead carp is 3:1 to 5:1. A water pump 18 with adjustable depth is installed at the outlet of the silver carp and bighead carp aquaculture pond, and its depth can be adjusted manually. When the water temperature of the upper layer is relatively high in summer, the low-temperature water body at the bottom layer of 4 - 5 m can be pumped out and transported to the high-level pond farming unit to reduce the water temperature of the high-level pond by adjusting the height of the water pump.

[0030] As Figure 5 shown, a filter dam 12 is arranged in the center of the reservoir 11, with a length of 6 m, a width of 2 - 3 m, and a height of 2 m, which is built with hollow bricks. The matrix filled in the middle of the filter dam 12 is zeolite 19, ceramsite 20, volcanic rock 21, and cobblestone 22 from top to bottom in sequence, and the height of the 4 matrix materials is 0.5 m each. The reservoir is divided into reservoir a and reservoir b by the filter dam, and the water flow direction is from a to b. Among them, reservoir a is a rectangular pond with a length of about 20 m, a width of about 6 m, a height of about 2 m, and a water depth of about 1.5 m. Reservoir b is a circular or square pond. The square has a length of about 3 m, a width of about 1 m, a pond height of 1 m, and a water depth of 0.8 m; the diameter of the circular pond is about 2 m, the pond height is 1 m, and the water depth is 0.8 m. The water in reservoir a is filtered by the filter dam 12 and then flows to reservoir b through a water pump. The water in reservoir b flows back to the high-level pond farming unit through the third pipeline 3 for recycling.

[0031] In a further embodiment, the system further includes a liquid oxygen tank 13 with a volume of about 20 - 30 m 3 , which fills liquid oxygen into the third pipeline 3 to ensure sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water.

[0032] In a further embodiment, the system further includes a control pipe 5 and a fourth pipeline 6, and the fourth pipeline 6 is used to drain the water in the high-level pond farming unit.

[0033] In this embodiment, the pond silver carp and bighead carp farming takes the ecological niche complementarity of filter-feeding fish as the core, and realizes the efficient utilization of resources through polyculture or monoculture modes. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) feed on phytoplankton (algae) and zooplankton respectively, forming the vertical utilization of the water food chain. In order to increase the yield of silver carp and bighead carp, during the farming process, organic fertilizers (such as 200 - 300 kg / mu / month of chicken manure) or inorganic fertilizers (3 - 5 kg / mu of urea) are applied to promote the proliferation of plankton. When the plankton is insufficient, vegetable feeds such as soybean meal and wheat bran are also fed (feed conversion ratio is 1.5 - 2.0). The silver carp and bighead carp farming has many advantages. First, for every 1 ton of silver carp and bighead carp produced, 6 - 8 kg of nitrogen and 1 - 1.5 kg of phosphorus can be absorbed, showing significant ecological advantages. Second, the feed cost accounts for less than 30% (usually more than 50% for bottom fish farming). In addition, silver carp and bighead carp are highly adaptable and can be farmed in small ponds of 0.5 mu to large ponds of 50 mu. However, the use of organic fertilizers in the process of pond silver carp and bighead carp farming is likely to cause heavy metal and antibiotic pollution, and the use of inorganic fertilizers will increase the farming cost and easily lead to water eutrophication.

[0034] Based on this, this application designs a high-level pond combined with silver carp and bighead carp pond farming system and provides a combined farming method: the aquaculture tail water of the high-level pond farming unit 1 enters the first pipeline 7 through the sewage controller 2, is discharged into the sedimentation tank 4, and after being precipitated by the ecological floating bed and brush in the sedimentation tank 4, enters the silver carp and bighead carp pond farming unit 10 through the second pipeline 8 for the farming of silver carp and bighead carp, and then enters the water storage tank 11 for filtration, and then re-enters the high-level pond farming unit 1 through the third pipeline 3 to realize the recycling of water.

[0035] Application Example: In 2022, a high-level pond combined with silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture system was established in Group 2, Niuxinshan Village, Hefeng Town, Jianyang City, Chengdu. The total area of this system is about 50 mu, including 8 high-level ponds with an area of about 3 mu for culturing largemouth bass; 2 silver carp and bighead carp aquaculture ponds (reconstructed from the original ecological purification ponds) with an area of about 45 mu; and the sedimentation ponds, water storage ponds, etc. cover an area of about 2 mu. Through continuous monitoring from 2022 to 2024, it was found that the aquaculture tail water discharged from the high-level pond aquaculture unit is rich in nutrients, which can promote the growth of planktonic animals and plants, provide the bait needed for the growth of silver carp and bighead carp, thus reducing the use of chemical fertilizers, and the chemical fertilizer usage has been reduced by more than 80% (compared with silver carp and bighead carp intensive culture ponds). Moreover, the fish feces in the high-level ponds can be directly discharged into the sedimentation ponds without the need for special recycling devices, reducing the feces collection and treatment costs by more than 60% (the effect after replacing the feces separation and collection device with a sedimentation pond). At the same time, the silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit replaces the plant purification pond in the prior art, effectively releasing more aquaculture area, increasing the aquaculture area ratio by more than 90% (the effect after replacing the purification pond with a silver carp and bighead carp intensive culture pond); and reducing the water temperature in the high-level ponds by 3 - 5 °C in summer, with the highest water temperature not exceeding 31 °C (the monitoring results in summer after 2 years). Furthermore, the water in the silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit can return to the high-level pond aquaculture unit through the water storage pond, realizing the recycling of aquaculture water, and saving more than 90% of the aquaculture water in the high-level ponds (compared with high-level ponds without circulating water); finally, the high-level ponds in this system can produce marketable fish at 20,000 - 26,000 kg / mu per year, and the silver carp and bighead carp aquaculture ponds can produce 1,000 - 1,500 kg / mu of silver carp and bighead carp, significantly increasing the yield per unit area.

[0036] In this article, specific examples are used to elaborate on the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core idea; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, based on the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation on the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-level pond combined with silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture system, characterized in that, It includes a high-level pond aquaculture unit, a sewage controller, a first pipeline, a sedimentation tank, a second pipeline, a silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit, a reservoir, and a third pipeline. Among them, both sides of the first pipeline are respectively connected to the sewage controller and the sedimentation tank, both sides of the second pipeline are respectively connected to the sedimentation tank and the silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit, the silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit is connected to the reservoir, and both sides of the third pipeline are respectively connected to the reservoir and the high-level pond aquaculture unit.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein The number of the high-level pond aquaculture units ≥ 1, and a sewage outlet is independently arranged at the bottom of each aquaculture unit and is connected to the sewage controller.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein The sedimentation tank contains n, n ≥ 1 water channels. Retaining walls are staggered between each channel for separation. A biological floating bed is placed in the center of each channel, with a vegetable planting area on the upper part and brushes hanging on the lower part.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein The depth of the side of the silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit connected to the second pipeline is lower than the side connected to the reservoir, and the depth difference is 2 - 3 meters.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein The reservoir includes reservoir a and reservoir b, which are connected by a water pump and a water pipe. The water in reservoir a flows out through an isolation dam. There is a water pump in reservoir a, which is used to pump the water in reservoir a into reservoir b. The water in reservoir b flows into the high-level pond aquaculture unit through the third pipeline.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein The system further includes a control pipe and a fourth pipeline. The fourth pipeline is used to drain the water in the high-level pond aquaculture unit.

7. A high-level pond combined with silver carp and bighead carp pond culture method, using the system described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It includes: The aquaculture tail water of the high-level pond aquaculture unit enters the first pipeline through the sewage controller and is discharged into the sedimentation tank. After sedimentation by the ecological floating bed and brushes in the sedimentation tank, it enters the silver carp and bighead carp pond aquaculture unit through the second pipeline for the aquaculture of silver carp and bighead carp, and then enters the reservoir for filtration, and then enters the high-level pond aquaculture unit through the third pipeline to realize the recycling of water.

8. The breeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the water in the high-level pond aquaculture unit needs to be drained, open the control pipe and the fourth pipeline for draining.

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