Impact test device
By designing the impact test device of the box structure, heating components and clamping structure, the problem of the inability to conduct external impact tests on large-sized composite components in the prior art at high temperatures is solved, and the simulation of complex external objects and high-speed imaging observation is realized, which improves the reliability and accuracy of the test.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510667189.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-25
AI Technical Summary
The prior art cannot conduct external impact tests on large-sized composite components under high temperature environments, and cannot use complex external objects such as blades for simulation, and lacks high-speed imaging observation methods.
An impact test device including a box structure, a heating component and a clamping structure is designed. The box is equipped with a test interval. The clamping structure is used to fix the composite material component. The heating component provides a high temperature environment. The incident hole is used for external objects to impact, and the observation window is used for high-speed imaging observation.
It realizes external object impact test on large-sized composite components under high temperature environments, which can simulate the impact of complex external objects such as blades, and observe them through high-speed imaging devices, improving the reliability and accuracy of the test.
Smart Images
Figure CN120369496A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of test devices, and particularly relates to an impact test device. Background Art
[0002] A high thrust-to-weight ratio / power-to-weight ratio is the development trend of aero-engines. Among them, structural weight reduction is one of the key ways. For large single parts such as the compressor casings in aero-engines, if lightweight composite materials can be used to replace traditional metal materials, huge weight reduction benefits can be achieved. Resin-based composite materials are regarded as ideal structural materials for cold-end components such as the fan casings and compressor casings of aero-engines because of their advantages such as low density, high strength, strong structural designability, good fatigue resistance, and excellent damping and vibration reduction performance. As a key component of aero-engines, the containment performance of the casing is a necessary condition to ensure flight safety. Compared with carrying out component containment tests on a rotating test bench, the foreign object impact target test has low cost and short cycle, and can preliminarily evaluate the impact resistance of materials and structures, which is of great significance for evaluating the casing containment and improving the material structure design.
[0003] In the prior art, devices for simulating foreign object impact tests in the laboratory are mostly carried out at room temperature without a high-temperature heating device; the only technology with a high-temperature heating device is mainly for conducting tests on metal specimens. The heating device has a small size, resulting in only a small projectile being able to be used for impact, and it is impossible to use complex foreign objects such as simulated blades for impact tests, and it is also impossible to observe through a high-speed camera. In order to avoid the influence of processing on the material properties of composite components, they must be processed into large-size components as much as possible (the size is generally at least more than 250 mm in length × 250 mm in width). The prior art cannot achieve foreign object impact tests on large-size composite components under high-temperature environments.
[0004] Content of the Application
[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide an impact test device to solve the problem in the above background art that there is a lack of a device for foreign object impact tests on large-size composite components under high-temperature environments in the prior art.
[0006] To achieve the above purpose, this application provides the following technical solution: An impact test device, comprising:
[0007] A box structure, within which a test area is defined, and an incident hole and an observation window are provided on the side wall of the box structure;
[0008] A heating component, arranged within the test area;
[0009] The clamping structure is disposed within the test section and includes a first clamping unit and a second clamping unit that are mirror-symmetrically arranged in the first direction. Both the first clamping unit and the second clamping unit include a clamping plate body and two rod structures that are spaced apart in the second direction. The rod structure includes:
[0010] A moving block configured to linearly move in the first direction;
[0011] A first rod, one end of the first rod is rotatably connected to the moving block, and the other end is rotatably mounted on the clamping plate body.
[0012] Further, the rod structure further includes a second rod. One end of the second rod is rotatably connected to the moving block, and the other end is rotatably mounted on the clamping plate body. The connection point of the first rod and the clamping plate body and the connection point of the second rod and the clamping plate body are spaced apart in the third direction.
[0013] Further, the clamping plate body is provided with a hollow hole, and the clamping plate body forms a notch extending to the hollow hole on the side adjacent to the observation window.
[0014] Further, the box body structure includes a first side wall and a second side wall spaced apart in the first direction, a third side wall and a fourth side wall spaced apart in the second direction, and a top wall and a bottom wall spaced apart in the third direction.
[0015] Further, the incident hole is provided on the first side wall, the observation window is provided on the third side wall, and both the second side wall and the third side wall are rotatably mounted on the bottom wall.
[0016] Further, the heating assembly is provided on the third side wall, the fourth side wall, the top wall and the bottom wall.
[0017] Further, the heating assembly includes a heat insulation layer attached to the inner wall of the box body structure and a heating member provided on the surface of the heat insulation layer.
[0018] Further, the clamping structure further includes two slide rail members spaced apart in the second direction. A single slide rail member extends in the first direction, and the moving block is configured to slide on the slide rail member.
[0019] Further, the moving block is provided with a through hole for the slide rail member to pass through, and a threaded hole extending to the position of the through hole is provided on the side wall of the moving block.
[0020] Further, fixing blocks are provided at both ends of the slide rail member, and the fixing blocks are fixed to the bottom wall.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:
[0022] By designing a test device composed of a box structure, a heating component, and a clamping structure, the present application can realize the test process of a large-sized composite material component impacted by complex foreign objects such as blades in a high-temperature environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic external view of the box structure;
[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic overall structure view of the box structure;
[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic view of the clamping unit structure;
[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic internal view of the box structure.
[0027] In the figures:
[0028] 10. Box structure; 101. First side wall; 102. Second side wall; 103. Third side wall; 104. Fourth side wall; 105. Top wall; 106. Bottom wall; 107. Incident hole; 108. Observation window; 109. Inner fastening ring; 110. Outer fastening ring;
[0029] 20. Heating component; 201. Heat insulation layer; 202. Heating member;
[0030] 30. First clamping unit; 31. Second clamping unit; 301. Clamping plate body; 302. Hollow hole; 303. Notch; 304. First rod body; 305. Second rod body; 306. Moving block body; 307. Slide rail member; 308. Fixed block body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0031] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
[0032] An impact test device (hereinafter referred to as the test device) is applicable to the impact test of large-sized composite material components. Refer to Figure 2, The main body of the above test device is composed of a box structure 10, a clamping structure, and a heating component 20. The box structure 10 is made of a metal material and serves as the installation carrier for the above clamping structure and heating component 20, that is, the above clamping structure and heating component 20 are assembled within the box structure 10. In some embodiments, the box structure 10 is generally configured as a rectangular box, and a test interval for accommodating the clamping structure is defined therein. During the test, the composite material component is clamped and fixed within the test interval by the clamping structure, and a high-temperature test interval environment is constructed by the heating component 20 to conduct an external object impact test. For the convenience of description, in the subsequent description, the direction is described with reference to the box structure 10, and correspondingly, the length direction of the box structure 10 is denoted as the first direction, the width direction is denoted as the second direction, and the height direction is denoted as the third direction.
[0033] Referring to Figure 2 , and in combination with Figure 1 , the above box structure 10 includes a first side wall 101 and a second side wall 102 spaced apart in the first direction, a third side wall 103 and a fourth side wall 104 spaced apart in the second direction, and a top wall 105 and a bottom wall 106 spaced apart in the third direction. In some embodiments, one of the first side wall 101 and the second side wall 102 and one of the third side wall 103 and the fourth side wall 104 are configured to be openable or closable to facilitate the insertion and removal of the composite material component and the injection and ejection of external objects. Specifically, when all the side walls of the box component are in a closed state, based on the action of the heating component 20, the temperature of the test interval can be rapidly increased to reach the test temperature, thereby shortening the test time and ensuring a high-temperature test environment. When a part of the side wall of the box structure 10 is in an open state, it is convenient to place and fix the composite material sample.
[0034] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 4 the above heating component 20 is disposed on the inner wall of the box structure 10 and is composed of a heat insulation layer 201 and a heating member 202. The heat insulation layer 201 is attached to the inner wall of the box structure 10. Correspondingly, the above heating member 202 is disposed on the surface of the heat insulation layer 201. Based on the action of the heat insulation layer 201, the heat loss in the test interval can be slowed down. In some embodiments, the above heating component 20 is disposed on the third side wall 103, the fourth side wall 104, the top wall 105, and the bottom wall 106. Correspondingly, there are multiple heating members 202. Each single heating member 202 extends along the first direction, and adjacent heating members 202 are spaced apart in the second direction or the third direction. Based on this design, the heating range of the heating member 202 can cover the entire test interval, enabling each position in the test interval to be heated synchronously to ensure a uniform temperature distribution within the test interval. In some embodiments, the above heat insulation layer 201 is an asbestos heat insulation layer 201, and correspondingly, the heating member 202 is a resistance wire.
[0035] In some embodiments, during the test, a thermocouple is fixed to the surface of the composite material member by means such as bonding. Based on this thermocouple, the temperature of the composite material member can be obtained in real time, that is, the test temperature can be obtained in real time.
[0036] Referring to Figure 3 , and in combination with Figure 2 , the above-mentioned clamping structure includes a first clamping unit 30 and a second clamping unit 31. The first clamping unit 30 and the second clamping unit 31 are symmetrically arranged in a mirror image in the first direction. Specifically, both the first clamping unit 30 and the second clamping unit 31 include a clamping plate body 301 and two rod structures spaced apart in the second direction. Based on the mirror image design of the first clamping unit 30 and the second clamping unit 31 in the first direction, clamping forces can be applied to both sides of the composite material member in the first direction to realize the clamping of the composite material member (exemplarily, the composite material member is a plate structure. At this time, both the first clamping unit 30 and the second clamping unit 31 include a clamping plate body 301 that contacts the two end faces of the composite material member respectively to realize the clamping of the composite material member). In some embodiments, the above-mentioned clamping plate body 301 is provided with a hollow hole 302, that is, a part of the above-mentioned clamping plate body 301 is designed to be hollow. Based on this design, when the clamping plate body 301 clamps the composite material member, the composite material member at the position of the hollow hole 302 of the clamping plate body 301 is not covered by the clamping plate body 301, that is, it is exposed to the outside, so that the composite material member can contact the foreign object incident from the subsequent incident hole 107 to complete the impact test. Exemplarily, the above-mentioned composite material member is a circular plate member. Correspondingly, the hollow hole 302 on the clamping plate body 301 is a circular hole. Further, in order to facilitate the observation of the composite material member during the test, the above-mentioned clamping plate body 301 forms a notch 303 extending to the hollow hole 302 on the side close to the subsequent observation window 108. At this time, the above-mentioned clamping plate body 301 is generally configured as a "C"-shaped plate structure. In some embodiments, the above-mentioned clamping plate body 301 is provided with a plurality of threaded holes along the edge of the hollow hole 302. Correspondingly, the composite material member can be pre-set with a through-hole structure. After the clamping plate bodies 301 of the first clamping unit 30 and the second clamping unit 31 initially clamp the composite material member, the connection between the composite material member and the clamping plate body 301 can be strengthened by fasteners such as bolts to ensure the stability of the composite material member during the impact test, that is, the composite material member will not shake due to the impact of the foreign object during the impact test.
[0037] Referring to Figure 3, the composition of the above rod structure will be described in detail with reference to this figure. Specifically, the above single rod structure includes a first rod 304, a second rod 305, and a moving block 306, where the moving block 306 is configured to linearly move along a first direction and can be fixed at any position. Exemplarily, the above clamping structure further includes two slide rail members 307 spaced apart in a second direction. A single slide rail member 307 extends along the first direction, and the above moving block 306 is configured to be able to slide on the slide rail member 307, that is, the position adjustment of the moving block 306 in the first direction is realized by the sliding of the moving block 306 on the slide rail member 307. In some embodiments, the above slide rail member 307 is a rod member, and fixed blocks 308 are fixedly connected to both ends of the slide rail member 307. The fixed blocks 308 are fixed to the bottom wall 106 of the box structure 10, and the assembly of the slide rail member 307 and the box structure 10 is realized based on the supporting effect of the fixed blocks 308. Correspondingly, the above moving block 306 is sleeved on the slide rail member 307, that is, a through hole for the slide rail member 307 to pass through is provided in the moving block 306, and a threaded hole communicating with the through hole is provided on the side wall of the moving block 306, that is, a threaded hole extending to the through hole is provided on the side wall of the moving block 306. At this time, the fixing of the moving block 306 on the slide rail member 307 can be realized by screwing in a bolt.
[0038] Referring to Figure 3 , the description of the composition of the rod structure will be continued. One end of each of the first rod 304 and the second rod 305 is rotatably connected to the moving block 306, and the other end is rotatably installed on the clamping plate body 301. Moreover, the connection point of the first rod 304 and the clamping plate body 301 and the connection of the second rod 305 and the clamping plate body 301 are spaced apart in a third direction. Exemplarily, the connection point of the first rod 304 and the clamping plate body 301 is located on the upper side of the clamping plate body 301, and the connection point of the second rod 305 and the clamping plate body 301 is located on the lower side of the clamping plate body 301. Based on this design, on the one hand, pressure can be applied synchronously on the upper and lower sides of the clamping plate body 301. In cooperation with the spacing design of the two rod structures in the second direction in the first clamping unit 30 (second clamping unit 31), pressure can be applied synchronously to the composite material member in the second direction to maintain the stability of the composite material member during the test. On the other hand, the position design of the connection points of the first rod 304 and the second rod 305 with the clamping plate body 301 can be adapted to the design of the notch 303 in the above clamping plate body 301, and at the same time, the influence on the line of sight of the observation window 108 can be reduced.
[0039] In some embodiments, an incident hole 107 for foreign objects to enter is provided on the first side wall 101. Exemplarily, the incident hole 107 is a circular hole and corresponds to the hollow hole 302 on the clamping plate body 301. Specifically, the line connecting the centers of the incident hole 107 and the hollow hole 302 on the clamping plate body 301 is parallel to the first direction. Corresponding to the structure of the incident hole 107 provided on the first side wall 101, in some embodiments, the second side wall 102 is configured to be openable or closable. Exemplarily, the second side wall 102 and the bottom wall 106 of the box structure 10 are rotatably connected, that is, the opening or closing of the second side wall 102 can be realized by the rotation of the second side wall 102. Specifically, during the heating stage of the test interval, the second side wall 102 can be closed to cooperate with the heat insulation layer 201 to reduce heat loss. During the process of foreign objects entering, the second side wall 102 is opened so that the foreign objects can enter.
[0040] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 2 , an observation window 108 is opened on the third side wall 103, and the third side wall 103 is configured to be openable or closable. Exemplarily, the third side wall 103 is rotatably mounted on the bottom wall 106. In some embodiments, the observation window 108 is made of a high-temperature resistant glass material and is configured as a circular window. Exemplarily, a circular hole for accommodating the observation window 108 is opened on the second side wall 102, and a plurality of through holes are provided along the edge of the circular hole and are distributed in a circular array. Correspondingly, an inner fastening ring 109 is provided on the inner wall of the third side wall 103 at the position of the through hole, and an outer fastening ring 110 is provided on the inner wall of the third side wall 103 at the position of the through hole. Both the inner fastening ring 109 and the outer fastening ring 110 are provided with round holes at the position of the through hole. When assembling the observation window 108, one end of the bolt passes through the round hole of the outer fastening ring 110, the through hole of the second side wall 102, and the round hole of the inner fastening ring 109 in sequence and is then connected to the nut to realize the connection of the outer fastening ring 110, the observation window 108, and the inner fastening ring 109, that is, to realize the installation of the observation window 108 on the third side wall 103.
[0041] The test process of the above test device will now be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The specific steps are as follows:
[0042] Step 1: Open the second side wall 102 and the third side wall 103 of the box structure 10 outward;
[0043] Step 2: Move the two moving blocks 306 of the first clamping unit 30 so that the clamping plate body 301 of the first clamping unit 30 is in a set position for easy observation through the observation window 108. Then, by tightening the fastening bolts on the two moving blocks 306 in the first clamping unit 30, the two moving blocks 306 of the first clamping unit 30 are respectively fixed on the two slide rail members 307;
[0044] Step 3: Attach the composite material component to the clamping plate body 301 of the first clamping unit 30. Move the two moving block bodies 306 of the second clamping unit 31 towards the first clamping unit 30 to clamp the composite material component between the clamping plate bodies 301 of the first clamping unit 30 and the second clamping unit 31. Then, fix the composite material component through the fastening bolts on the clamping plate body 301. By tightening the fastening bolts on the two moving block bodies 306 in the second clamping unit 31, fix the two moving block bodies 306 of the second clamping unit 31 on the two slide rail components 307 respectively;
[0045] Step 4: Close the second side wall 102 and the third side wall 103 of the box body structure 10. Heat the interior of the device through the heating component 202, keep warm through the heat preservation layer 201, and monitor the surface temperature of the component by pasting a thermocouple on the composite material component;
[0046] Step 5: When the temperature reaches the set value, open the second side wall 102 of the box body structure 10 outwards;
[0047] Step 6: Use a light gas gun device to launch a simulated blade. The simulated blade enters the interior of the device through the incident hole 107 to conduct a high-speed impact on the composite material component. At the same time, use a high-speed camera device to take pictures and observe the damage process of the composite material through the observation window 108;
[0048] Step 7: Open the third side wall 103 of the box body structure 10 outwards, loosen the fastening bolts on the clamping plate body 301, and remove the impacted composite material component.
[0049] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present application. The scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. An impact test device, characterized in that, Comprising: A box structure (10) which defines a test area therein, and an incident hole (107) and an observation window (108) are provided on the side wall of the box structure (10); A heating assembly (20) provided within the test area; A clamping structure provided within the test area and including a first clamping unit (30) and a second clamping unit (31) symmetrically arranged in a mirror image in a first direction. Both the first clamping unit (30) and the second clamping unit (31) include a clamping plate body (301) and two rod structures spaced apart in a second direction. The rod structure includes: A moving block body (306) configured to linearly move in the first direction; A first rod body (304), one end of the first rod body (304) is rotatably connected to the moving block body (306), and the other end is rotatably mounted on the clamping plate body (301).
2. The impact test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rod structure further includes a second rod body (305). One end of the second rod body (305) is rotatably connected to the moving block body (306), and the other end is rotatably mounted on the clamping plate body (301). And the connection point of the first rod body (304) and the clamping plate body (301) and the connection point of the second rod body (305) and the clamping plate body (301) are spaced apart in a third direction.
3. The impact test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The clamping plate body (301) is provided with a hollow hole (302), and a notch (303) extending to the hollow hole (302) is formed on the side of the clamping plate body (301) adjacent to the observation window (108).
4. The impact test device according to claim 1, wherein: The box structure (10) includes a first side wall (101) and a second side wall (102) spaced apart in a first direction, a third side wall (103) and a fourth side wall (104) spaced apart in a second direction, and a top wall (105) and a bottom wall (106) spaced apart in a third direction.
5. The impact test device according to claim 4, wherein: The incident hole (107) is provided on the first side wall (101), the observation window (108) is provided on the third side wall (103), and both the second side wall (102) and the third side wall (103) are rotatably mounted on the bottom wall (106).
6. The impact test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heating assembly (20) is provided on the third side wall (103), the fourth side wall (104), the top wall (105) and the bottom wall (106).
7. An impact test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating assembly (20) includes a heat insulation layer (201) attached to the inner wall of the box structure (10) and a heating member (202) provided on the surface of the heat insulation layer (201).
8. The impact test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The clamping structure further includes two slide rail members (307) spaced apart in a second direction. A single slide rail member (307) extends along the first direction, and the moving block body (306) is configured to slide on the slide rail member (307).
9. An impact test device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The moving block body (306) is provided with a through hole for the slide rail member (307) to pass through, and a threaded hole extending to the position of the through hole is provided on the side wall of the moving block body (306).
10. The impact test device according to claim 8, characterized in that: Fixed block bodies (308) are provided at both ends of the slide rail member (307), and the fixed block bodies (308) are fixed to the bottom wall (106).