Integrated system of electric energy management circuit and coupled solar thermoelectric generator

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric energy management circuit and an integrated system coupled with a solar thermoelectric generator, and relates to the technical field of solar power generation, the electric energy management circuit comprises a direct current input module, a power supply switching module, a first direct current conversion module, a second direct current conversion module, a first voltage stabilization module, a second voltage stabilization module and a direct current output module, according to the invention, boost and voltage stabilization control can be carried out on the direct current output by the solar thermoelectric generator, so that the finally output controlled direct current can be used for charging an electrochemical energy storage device and supplying power to electronic equipment, power supply can be carried out efficiently, continuously and stably, no extra light condensation equipment needs to be carried, and the cost is reduced. The device can be directly matched with an electrochemical energy storage device and electronic equipment, and the equipment cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of solar power generation, and particularly to a power management circuit and an integrated system coupled with a solar thermoelectric generator. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the global economy, the demand for energy continues to climb. Traditional fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas), as the main energy sources, have long supported the industrialization and modernization processes. However, the depletion of fossil fuels and the sharp rise in global energy demand have made the disadvantages of using fossil fuels as the main energy source increasingly prominent. In contrast, solar energy has the characteristics of cleanliness, renewability, and wide distribution, and is one of the most promising options for developing renewable energy technologies. Among them, solar thermoelectric power generation technology directly obtains solar thermal energy and converts it into electrical energy, with advantages such as a simple structure, no moving parts, and adaptability to low-irradiance environments, providing an efficient and flexible solution for distributed energy supply and applications in special scenarios (such as remote areas, mobile devices, etc.). However, there are still some challenges in the practical application of solar thermoelectric power generation technology. For example, the low energy density of solar energy, seasonal and diurnal variations, etc. will cause the output electrical energy of the solar thermoelectric generator to be intermittent and unstable. In addition, although the solar thermoelectric generator can directly convert solar thermal energy into electrical energy using its Seebeck effect, its output voltage and output power are usually low, and the fluctuation range is large, making it difficult to directly match electrochemical energy storage devices (such as lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, aqueous zinc-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, flow batteries, etc.), and unable to meet the urgent need for stable charging of electrochemical energy storage devices. To increase the output voltage, existing solar thermoelectric generators often require strong irradiated sunlight, which requires additional concentrating equipment (such as Fresnel lenses, parabolic troughs, etc.) to regulate the output voltage of the solar thermoelectric generator, which undoubtedly increases the equipment cost of solar thermoelectric power generation technology. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a power management circuit and an integrated system coupled with a solar thermoelectric generator, which do not require additional concentrating equipment and can be directly matched with electrochemical energy storage devices and electronic devices.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, this application provides the following solutions:

[0005] In the first aspect, this application provides a power management circuit, and the power management circuit includes:

[0006] A DC input module for receiving the direct current output by the solar thermoelectric generator;

[0007] A power supply switching module, electrically connected to the DC input module, is configured to determine whether the voltage of the direct current output by the DC input module is greater than a preset voltage. If so, it controls the first DC conversion module to operate; if not, it controls the second DC conversion module to operate.

[0008] The first DC conversion module, electrically connected to the DC input module and the power supply switching module respectively, is configured to boost the voltage of the direct current output by the DC input module.

[0009] The second DC conversion module, electrically connected to the DC input module and the power supply switching module respectively, is configured to boost the voltage of the direct current output by the DC input module.

[0010] The first voltage stabilizing module, electrically connected to the first DC conversion module, is configured to stabilize the voltage of the direct current output by the first DC conversion module.

[0011] The second voltage stabilizing module, electrically connected to the second DC conversion module, is configured to stabilize the voltage of the direct current output by the second DC conversion module.

[0012] The DC output module, electrically connected to the first voltage stabilizing module and the second voltage stabilizing module respectively, is configured to output the direct current output by the first voltage stabilizing module or the direct current output by the second voltage stabilizing module. Among them, the voltage of the direct current output by the first voltage stabilizing module is within a first voltage range, and the voltage of the direct current output by the second voltage stabilizing module is within a second voltage range; the controlled direct current output by the DC output module is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage device and / or supply power to the electronic device.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present application provides an integrated system coupled with a solar thermoelectric generator. The integrated system coupled with the solar thermoelectric generator includes: a solar thermoelectric generator, a power management circuit, an electrochemical energy storage device, and an electronic device.

[0014] The power management circuit adopts the above-mentioned power management circuit; the input end of the power management circuit is electrically connected to the output end of the solar thermoelectric generator, and the output end of the power management circuit is electrically connected to the input end of the electrochemical energy storage device and the input end of the electronic device; the power management circuit is configured to control the direct current output by the solar thermoelectric generator, output the controlled direct current, and charge the electrochemical energy storage device and supply power to the electronic device through the controlled direct current.

[0015] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present application, the present application has the following technical effects:

[0016] The present application provides a power management circuit and an integrated system coupled with a solar thermoelectric generator. The designed power management circuit includes a DC input module, a power supply switching module, a first DC conversion module, a second DC conversion module, a first voltage stabilization module, a second voltage stabilization module, and a DC output module. It can control the boost and voltage stabilization of the direct current output by the solar thermoelectric generator, so that the finally output controlled direct current can be used to charge an electrochemical energy storage device and supply power to an electronic device, enabling efficient, continuous, and stable power supply. Moreover, there is no need to carry additional light-concentrating equipment, and it can be directly matched with the electrochemical energy storage device and the electronic device, reducing the equipment cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a schematic circuit diagram of a power management circuit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the PCB circuit board of the power management circuit provided in Embodiment 1 of the present application; among them, Figure 2 in (a) is a plan view, Figure 2 in (b) is a three-dimensional view.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the working process of an integrated system coupled with a solar thermoelectric generator provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a schematic curve diagram of the output voltage of the power management circuit and the output voltage of the solar thermoelectric generator changing with time under solar irradiation conditions provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0022] Figure 5 It is a schematic decay curve diagram of the output voltage of the power management circuit and the output voltage of the solar thermoelectric generator changing with time after stopping solar irradiation provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0023] Figure 6 It is a schematic physical diagram of the solar thermoelectric generator and a commercial thermoelectric generator provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0024] Figure 7 It is a schematic test result diagram of the adhesion of the solar light-thermal conversion coating on the surface of the solar thermoelectric generator tested by the cross-cut method provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0025] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the emissivity comparison of the surface of the solar thermoelectric generator and the commercial thermoelectric generator provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0026] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the solar absorption value comparison of the surface of the solar thermoelectric generator and the commercial thermoelectric generator provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0027] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the surface morphology of the solar light - heat conversion coating on the surface of the solar thermoelectric generator provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application; wherein, Figure 10 (a) in it is the surface, Figure 10 (b) in it is the side.

[0028] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the surface roughness of the solar light - heat conversion coating on the surface of the solar thermoelectric generator provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0029] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the curve of the output voltage varying with time of the solar thermoelectric generator and the commercial thermoelectric generator under solar irradiation conditions provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0030] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the cyclic curve of the output voltage varying with time of the solar thermoelectric generator and the commercial thermoelectric generator under intermittent solar irradiation conditions provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0031] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the decay curve of the output voltage varying with time of the solar thermoelectric generator and the commercial thermoelectric generator after stopping solar irradiation provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0032] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the current - voltage characteristic curve and power density curve of the solar thermoelectric generator and the commercial thermoelectric generator when the solar irradiation conditions are stable provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0033] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the infrared images collected by the solar thermoelectric generator and the commercial thermoelectric generator under solar irradiation conditions and the variation of the hot - side surface temperature with time provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0034] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the curve of the hot - side and cold - side surface temperatures varying with time of the solar thermoelectric generator under solar irradiation conditions provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application.

[0035] Figure 18Schematic diagram of the curves of the hot-side and cold-side surface temperatures of the commercial thermoelectric generator provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application varying with time under solar irradiation conditions.

[0036] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the average values of the hot-side and cold-side surface temperatures of the solar thermoelectric generator and the commercial thermoelectric generator provided in Embodiment 2 of the present application during a stable period of sunlight irradiation. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0038] Embodiment 1

[0039] This embodiment provides a power management circuit, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown. The power management circuit includes:

[0040] A DC input module for receiving the direct current output by the solar thermoelectric generator.

[0041] A power supply switching module electrically connected to the DC input module for determining whether the voltage of the direct current output by the DC input module is greater than a preset voltage. If so, it controls the first DC conversion module to work; if not, it controls the second DC conversion module to work.

[0042] A first DC conversion module electrically connected to the DC input module and the power supply switching module respectively for boosting the voltage of the direct current output by the DC input module.

[0043] A second DC conversion module electrically connected to the DC input module and the power supply switching module respectively for boosting the voltage of the direct current output by the DC input module.

[0044] A first voltage stabilizing module electrically connected to the first DC conversion module for stabilizing the voltage of the direct current output by the first DC conversion module.

[0045] A second voltage stabilizing module electrically connected to the second DC conversion module for stabilizing the voltage of the direct current output by the second DC conversion module.

[0046] The DC output module is electrically connected to the first voltage stabilization module and the second voltage stabilization module respectively, and is used to output the direct current output by the first voltage stabilization module or the direct current output by the second voltage stabilization module. Among them, the voltage of the direct current output by the first voltage stabilization module is within the first voltage range, the voltage of the direct current output by the second voltage stabilization module is within the second voltage range, and the controlled direct current output by the DC output module is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage device and / or supply power to the electronic device.

[0047] The power management circuit of this embodiment includes a DC input module, a power supply switching module, a first DC conversion module, a second DC conversion module, a first voltage stabilization module, a second voltage stabilization module, and a DC output module. The DC input module is selectively electrically connected to the first DC conversion module or the second DC conversion module through the power supply switching module. The first voltage stabilization module is electrically connected to the first DC conversion module, the second voltage stabilization module is electrically connected to the second DC conversion module, and the DC output module is electrically connected to the first voltage stabilization module and the second voltage stabilization module. The DC input module can receive the direct current (also called electrical energy) output by the solar thermoelectric generator (which can also be called a functional solar thermoelectric generator), and after input impedance matching, input the direct current into the power supply switching module. The power supply switching module can determine whether to input the direct current into the first DC conversion module or the second DC conversion module according to the magnitude of the output voltage of the DC input module. Specifically, when the output voltage of the DC input module is less than 20 mV, both the first DC conversion module and the second DC conversion module are in the sleep state. When the output voltage of the DC input module is 20 - 250 mV, the direct current will be input into the second DC conversion module. Therefore, the second DC conversion module can also be called a low-voltage DC conversion module. When the output voltage of the DC input module is greater than 250 mV, the direct current will be input into the first DC conversion module. Therefore, the first DC conversion module can also be called a medium-voltage DC conversion module. The first DC conversion module can convert the received low voltage to a higher voltage and output it to the first voltage stabilization module. Therefore, the first voltage stabilization module can also be called a medium-voltage voltage stabilization module. The second DC conversion module can convert the received low voltage to a higher voltage and output it to the second voltage stabilization module. Therefore, the second voltage stabilization module can also be called a low-voltage voltage stabilization module. The first voltage stabilization module can adjust the output voltage of the first DC conversion module to a voltage of 1 - 5 V for output. The second voltage stabilization module can adjust the output voltage of the second DC conversion module to a voltage of 1.25 - 5 V for output. The DC output module can receive the output voltage from the first voltage stabilization module or the second voltage stabilization module, and after output impedance matching, charge the electrochemical energy storage device and supply power to the corresponding electronic device. Therefore, the DC output module can also be called a voltage stabilization output module.

[0048] The output voltage of the solar thermoelectric generator is greatly affected by the solar irradiance intensity, and connecting multiple solar thermoelectric generators in series will also significantly affect the overall output voltage. Therefore, two sets of modules, namely the first DC conversion module, the first voltage stabilization module, the second DC conversion module, and the second voltage stabilization module, are set up to match the output voltage of the solar thermoelectric generator according to the actual situation to achieve a higher conversion efficiency.

[0049] Next, Figure 1 a detailed introduction to the power management circuit of this embodiment will be given. Figure 1 In it, H1, H2, and H3 are all 1*4P pin headers, specifically including:

[0050] (1) DC input module

[0051] The DC input module is used to receive the direct current output by the solar thermoelectric generator.

[0052] The DC input module includes a first potentiometer R1 and a second potentiometer R2. The direct current output by the solar thermoelectric generator received at the input terminal VIN of the DC input module is subjected to input impedance matching through the first potentiometer R1 and the second potentiometer R2. The output terminal IN of the DC input module is connected to the source electrode of the first field effect transistor Q1 in the power supply switching module.

[0053] At this time, in this embodiment, the DC input module includes: a first potentiometer R1 and a second potentiometer R2. The first fixed terminal and the sliding terminal of the first potentiometer R1 are connected, serving as the input terminal VIN of the DC input module. The second fixed terminal of the first potentiometer R1, as well as the first fixed terminal and the sliding terminal of the second potentiometer R2, are connected, serving as the output terminal IN of the DC input module. The second fixed terminal of the second potentiometer R2 is grounded. Among them, the first potentiometer R1 and the second potentiometer R2 are used for input impedance matching.

[0054] (2) Power supply switching module

[0055] The power supply switching module is electrically connected to the DC input module and is used to determine whether the voltage of the direct current output by the DC input module is greater than a preset voltage. If so, it controls the first DC conversion module to work. If not, it controls the second DC conversion module to work. Preferably, the power supply switching module is also used to determine whether the voltage of the direct current output by the DC input module is less than the voltage lower limit. If so, it controls both the first DC conversion module and the second DC conversion module not to work. Among them, the voltage lower limit can be 20 mV, and the preset voltage can be 250 mV. The values of the voltage lower limit and the preset voltage can be determined according to user requirements, and this embodiment does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0056] The power supply switching module includes a first field-effect transistor Q1, a sixth capacitor C6, and a first resistor R8. Since a potentiometer and a resistor are both essentially resistors, and a potentiometer is just a resistor with an adjustable resistance value, in this embodiment, both the potentiometer and the resistor are represented by R. When the output voltage of the DC input module is 20 - 250 mV, the first DC converter U1 in the first DC conversion module is in a sleep state, and the PGOOD interface of the first DC converter U1 is at a low level. At this time, the first field-effect transistor Q1 in the power supply switching module conducts, and the direct current is input to the second DC conversion module. When the output voltage of the DC input module is greater than 250 mV, the first DC converter U1 in the first DC conversion module is in a working state, and the PGOOD interface of the first DC converter U1 is at a high level. At this time, the first field-effect transistor Q1 in the power supply switching module is cut off, and the direct current is input to the first DC conversion module.

[0057] At this time, in this embodiment, the power supply switching module includes: a first resistor R8, a sixth capacitor C6, and a first field-effect transistor Q1. The first end of the first resistor R8, the first end of the sixth capacitor C6, and the first end of the first field-effect transistor Q1 are connected together as the control terminal PSW of the power supply switching module. The control terminal PSW of the power supply switching module is connected to the control terminal PSW of the first DC conversion module. The second end of the first resistor R8 is grounded, the second end of the sixth capacitor C6 is grounded, the second end of the first field-effect transistor Q1 is used as the input terminal IN of the power supply switching module. The input terminal IN of the power supply switching module is connected to the output terminal IN of the DC input module. The third end of the first field-effect transistor Q1 is used as the output terminal of the power supply switching module.

[0058] When the voltage of the direct current output by the DC input module is greater than the preset voltage, the control terminal PSW of the first DC conversion module is at a high level, the first field-effect transistor Q1 is cut off, and the first DC conversion module works. When the voltage of the direct current output by the DC input module is less than or equal to the preset voltage, the control terminal PSW of the first DC conversion module is at a low level, the first field-effect transistor Q1 conducts, and the second DC conversion module works.

[0059] (3) The first DC conversion module

[0060] The first DC conversion module is electrically connected to the DC input module and the power supply switching module respectively, and is used to boost the voltage of the direct current output by the DC input module.

[0061] The first DC conversion module includes a first DC converter U1, an inductor L1, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, and a fifth potentiometer R5. The output voltage of the DC input module is amplified by the first capacitor C1, the inductor L1, and the first DC converter U1 and then output through the VOUT interface of the first DC converter U1. By adjusting the value of the fifth potentiometer R5, the current of the inductor L1 can be dynamically adjusted to keep the output voltage of the DC input module at the optimal operating voltage. U1 is a DC / DC converter. Among them, the FB interface is the feedback input pin, which is connected to the VOUT interface and the GND interface through two potentiometers respectively to adjust the output voltage of this chip; the LDO interface is the fixed regulated output pin and has no specific function in this circuit; the FBLDO interface is the regulated output feedback pin and has no specific function in this circuit; the SHDN# interface is the logic control shutdown input pin, which makes this chip in the working state under high-level input; the MPPC interface is the setting pin for maximum power point control, and the optimal operating voltage of the power supply can be set by grounding through a potentiometer; the GND interface is the ground pin; the VIN interface is the power input pin, which can receive the output voltage from the solar thermoelectric generator; the SW interface is the switch pin, and an inductor needs to be connected between this pin and the VIN interface; the PGOOD interface is the power good indication pin, which outputs a high level when the output of the VOUT interface is stable and is used to control the power supply switching module; the VOUT interface is the boost output pin and can output a voltage of 1 to 5V; the AUX interface is the auxiliary voltage pin, and a capacitor needs to be connected between this pin and the GND interface to start the circuit.

[0062] At this time, in this embodiment, the first DC conversion module includes: a first DC converter U1, an inductor L1, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, and a fifth potentiometer R5. The VIN interface and the SHDN# interface of the first DC converter U1, the first end of the inductor L1, and the first end of the first capacitor C1 are connected together as the input terminal IN of the first DC conversion module. The input terminal IN of the first DC conversion module is connected to the output terminal IN of the DC input module. The SW interface of the first DC converter U1 is connected to the second end of the inductor L1. The second end of the first capacitor C1 is grounded. The MPPC interface of the first DC converter U1 is connected to the first fixed terminal and the sliding terminal of the fifth potentiometer R5. The second fixed terminal of the fifth potentiometer R5 is grounded. The AUX interface of the first DC converter U1 is connected to the first end of the second capacitor C2. The second end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded. The VOUT interface of the first DC converter U1 serves as the first output terminal of the first DC conversion module. The FB interface of the first DC converter U1 serves as the second output terminal of the first DC conversion module. The LDO interface of the first DC converter U1 is connected to the first end of the third capacitor C3. The second end of the third capacitor C3 is grounded. The FBLDO interface of the first DC converter U1 is grounded. The PGOOD interface of the first DC converter U1 serves as the control terminal PSW of the first DC conversion module. Among them, the fifth potentiometer R5 is used to keep the output voltage of the DC input module at the optimal operating voltage.

[0063] (IV) Second DC Conversion Module

[0064] The second DC conversion module is electrically connected to the DC input module and the power supply switching module respectively, and is used to boost the voltage of the direct current output by the DC input module.

[0065] The second DC conversion module includes a second DC converter U2, a mutual inductance coil T1, a seventh capacitor C7, an eighth capacitor C8, a ninth capacitor C9, a tenth capacitor C10, an eleventh capacitor C11, and a twelfth capacitor C12. The output voltage of the DC input module is amplified by the mutual inductance coil T1 and the second DC converter U2, and then output through the VOUT interface of the second DC converter U2. U2 is a DC / DC converter. Among them, the VAUX interface is the internal rectifier circuit pin of this chip. By changing the connection method of this pin to the VS1 interface and the VS2 interface, the output voltage of this chip can be adjusted; the VSTORE interface is floating and has no specific function in this circuit; the VOUT interface is the main output pin of this chip and can output four fixed voltage values of 2.35V, 3.3V, 4.1V, and 5V; the VOUT2 interface is the secondary output pin of this chip and is used to regulate the second voltage regulation module; the VLDO interface is a fixed regulated output pin and has no specific function in this circuit; the PGD interface is a power good indication pin and outputs a high level when the VOUT interface outputs stably. This pin is connected to the VOUT2_EN interface to make the VOUT2 interface generate an output voltage; the VS2 interface is a selection pin, and this pin is connected to the GND interface or the VAUX interface to change the output voltage of the VOUT interface; the VS1 interface is a selection pin, and this pin is connected to the GND interface or the VAUX interface to change the output voltage of the VOUT interface; the VOUT2_EN interface is the enable pin of the VOUT2 interface, and the VOUT2 interface generates an output voltage when this pin receives a high level; the C1 interface is the pin of the internal rectifier circuit of this chip, and this pin is connected to the secondary winding of the mutual inductance coil T1 through a capacitor; the C2 interface is the pin of the internal N-channel gate drive circuit of this chip, and this pin is connected to the secondary winding of the mutual inductance coil T1 through a capacitor; the SW interface is the drain pin of the internal N-channel switch of this chip, and this pin needs to be connected to the primary winding of the mutual inductance coil T1; the GND interface is the ground pin.

[0066] At this time, in this embodiment, the second DC conversion module includes: a second DC converter U2, a mutual inductance coil T1, a seventh capacitor C7, an eighth capacitor C8, a ninth capacitor C9, a tenth capacitor C10, an eleventh capacitor C11, and a twelfth capacitor C12. The SW interface of the second DC converter U2 is connected to the first end of the primary coil of the mutual inductance coil T1. The second end of the primary coil of the mutual inductance coil T1 is connected to the first end of the seventh capacitor C7, serving as the input end of the second DC conversion module. The input end of the second DC conversion module is connected to the output end of the power supply switching module. The second end of the seventh capacitor C7 is grounded. The C2 interface of the second DC converter U2 is connected to the first end of the ninth capacitor C9. The C1 interface of the second DC converter U2 is connected to the first end of the eighth capacitor C8. The second ends of the eighth capacitor C8 and the ninth capacitor C9 are connected to the first end of the secondary coil of the mutual inductance coil T1. The second end of the secondary coil of the mutual inductance coil T1 is grounded. The VOUT2_EN interface of the second DC converter U2 is connected to the PGD interface of the second DC converter U2. The VS1 interface, the VS2 interface of the second DC converter U2, and the first end of the tenth capacitor C10 are all connected to the VAUX interface of the second DC converter U2. The second end of the tenth capacitor C10 is grounded. The VSTORE interface of the second DC converter U2 is left floating. The VOUT interface of the second DC converter U2 is connected to the first end of the eleventh capacitor C11, serving as the first output end of the second DC conversion module. The second end of the eleventh capacitor C11 is grounded. The VOUT2 interface of the second DC converter U2 serves as the second output end of the second DC conversion module. The VLDO interface of the second DC converter U2 is connected to the first end of the twelfth capacitor C12. The second end of the twelfth capacitor C12 is grounded.

[0067] (V) First voltage regulation module

[0068] The first voltage regulation module is electrically connected to the first DC conversion module and is used to regulate the voltage of the direct current output by the first DC conversion module.

[0069] The first voltage regulation module includes a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth potentiometer R6, and a seventh potentiometer R7. By adjusting the magnitudes of the sixth potentiometer R6 and the seventh potentiometer R7, the output voltage of the first DC conversion module can be adjusted to a voltage of 1 - 5V and output to the DC output module.

[0070] At this time, in this embodiment, the first voltage stabilizing module includes: a fourth capacitor C4, a fifth capacitor C5, a sixth potentiometer R6, and a seventh potentiometer R7. The first end of the fourth capacitor C4, the first output end of the first DC conversion module, the first fixed end and the sliding end of the sixth potentiometer R6, and the first end of the fifth capacitor C5 are connected together as the output end OUT of the first voltage stabilizing module. The second end of the fourth capacitor C4 is connected to the second output end of the first DC conversion module, the second fixed end of the sixth potentiometer R6, and the first fixed end and the sliding end of the seventh potentiometer R7. The second fixed end of the seventh potentiometer R7 is grounded, and the second end of the fifth capacitor C5 is grounded. Among them, the sixth potentiometer R6 and the seventh potentiometer R7 are used to determine the output voltage of the first voltage stabilizing module.

[0071] (VI) Second voltage stabilizing module

[0072] The second voltage stabilizing module is electrically connected to the second DC conversion module and is used to stabilize the voltage of the direct current output by the second DC conversion module.

[0073] The second voltage stabilizing module includes a voltage regulator U3, a second field effect transistor Q2, a thirteenth capacitor C13, a fourteenth capacitor C14, a fifteenth capacitor C15, an eighth potentiometer R9, a second resistor R10, and a third resistor R11. When the second DC converter U2 in the second DC conversion module has no output, the VOUT2 interface of the second DC converter U2 is at a low level, and the second field effect transistor Q2 in the second voltage stabilizing module is cut off. The second voltage stabilizing module is in a sleep state because it is not grounded. When the second DC converter U2 in the second DC conversion module outputs normally, the PGD interface of the second DC converter U2 is at a high level, making the VOUT2_EN interface of the second DC converter U2 at a high level. At this time, the VOUT2 interface of the second DC converter U2 is at a high level, and the second field effect transistor Q2 in the second voltage stabilizing module is turned on. The second voltage stabilizing module is in a working state because it is grounded. By adjusting the size of the eighth potentiometer R9 in the second voltage stabilizing module, the output voltage of the second DC conversion module can be adjusted to a voltage of 1.25 - 5V and output to the DC output module. U3 is a linear voltage regulator. Among them, the IN interface is the input pin and can receive the output voltage from the second DC conversion module; the ADJ interface is the output regulation pin and can adjust the output voltage of this chip; the OUT interface is the output pin and can deliver the output voltage of this chip to the DC output module.

[0074] At this time, in this embodiment, the second voltage stabilizing module includes: a voltage regulator U3, a second field effect transistor Q2, a thirteenth capacitor C13, a fourteenth capacitor C14, a fifteenth capacitor C15, an eighth potentiometer R9, a second resistor R10, and a third resistor R11. The IN interface of the voltage regulator U3 is connected to the first output terminal of the second DC conversion module and the first end of the thirteenth capacitor C13. The ADJ interface of the voltage regulator U3 is connected to the first fixed terminal, the sliding terminal of the eighth potentiometer R9, and the first end of the second resistor R10. The second fixed terminal of the eighth potentiometer R9 is connected to the second end of the thirteenth capacitor C13, the first end of the second field effect transistor Q2, and the first end of the fifteenth capacitor C15. The OUT interface of the voltage regulator U3, the second end of the second resistor R10, and the second end of the fifteenth capacitor C15 are connected together as the output terminal OUT of the second voltage stabilizing module. The second end of the second field effect transistor Q2 is connected to the first end of the fourteenth capacitor C14, the first end of the third resistor R11, and the second output terminal of the second DC conversion module. The second end of the fourteenth capacitor C14 is grounded, and the second end of the third resistor R11 is grounded. The third end of the second field effect transistor Q2 is grounded. Among them, the eighth potentiometer R9 is used to determine the output voltage of the second voltage stabilizing module.

[0075] (VII) DC Output Module

[0076] The DC output module is electrically connected to the first voltage stabilizing module and the second voltage stabilizing module respectively, and is used to output the direct current output by the first voltage stabilizing module or the direct current output by the second voltage stabilizing module. Among them, the voltage of the direct current output by the first voltage stabilizing module is within the first voltage range, and the voltage of the direct current output by the second voltage stabilizing module is within the second voltage range. The controlled direct current output by the DC output module is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage device and / or supply power to the electronic device. The first voltage range can be 1 - 5V, and the second voltage range can be 1.25 - 5V.

[0077] The DC output module includes a third potentiometer R3 and a fourth potentiometer R4. The input terminal OUT of the DC output module can receive the output voltage from the first voltage stabilizing module or the second voltage stabilizing module, perform output impedance matching through the third potentiometer R3 and the fourth potentiometer R4, and output the controlled direct current through the output terminal VOUT of the DC output module to charge the electrochemical energy storage device and supply power to the corresponding electronic device.

[0078] At this time, in this embodiment, the DC output module includes: a third potentiometer R3 and a fourth potentiometer R4. The first fixed end of the third potentiometer R3, and the first fixed end and the sliding end of the fourth potentiometer R4 are connected together, serving as the input terminal OUT of the DC output module. The input terminal OUT of the DC output module is connected to the output terminal OUT of the first voltage stabilization module and the output terminal OUT of the second voltage stabilization module. The second fixed end and the sliding end of the third potentiometer R3 are connected together, serving as the output terminal VOUT of the DC output module. The second fixed end of the fourth potentiometer R4 is grounded. Among them, the third potentiometer R3 and the fourth potentiometer R4 are used for output impedance matching.

[0079] By designing the power management circuit, the solar thermoelectric generator, the power management circuit, the electrochemical energy storage device, and the electronic device can be integrally coupled. Under the action of sunlight, the power management circuit can, according to the magnitude of the output voltage of the solar thermoelectric generator, manage and control the output voltage of the solar thermoelectric generator in real time through the first DC conversion module or the second DC conversion module, and perform voltage stabilization output through the first voltage stabilization module or the second voltage stabilization module, so as to realize the adaptation of the power generation behavior of the solar thermoelectric generator to the power storage behavior of the electrochemical energy storage device and the charging behavior of the electronic device, ensuring that under sunlight irradiation scenarios, especially under unstable sunlight irradiation conditions, safe, efficient, and stable power conversion and storage utilization can still be achieved, which will surely provide new ideas and new solutions for the development of the "light-storage" technology.

[0080] Embodiment 2

[0081] This embodiment provides an integrated system coupled with a solar thermoelectric generator, as Figure 3 shown. The integrated system coupled with the solar thermoelectric generator includes: a solar thermoelectric generator, a power management circuit, an electrochemical energy storage device, and an electronic device.

[0082] The power management circuit adopts the power management circuit described in Embodiment 1. The input terminal of the power management circuit is electrically connected to the output terminal of the solar thermoelectric generator. The output terminal of the power management circuit is electrically connected to the input terminals of the electrochemical energy storage device and the electronic device. The power management circuit is used to control the direct current output by the solar thermoelectric generator, output the controlled direct current, and charge the electrochemical energy storage device and supply power to the electronic device through the controlled direct current.

[0083] This embodiment provides an integrated system that couples an electric energy management circuit with a solar thermoelectric generator to charge an electrochemical energy storage device and supply power to an electronic device, achieving the integration of electric energy conversion, storage, and utilization. The integrated system constructs a solar thermoelectric generator using a solar light-absorbing coating. The solar thermoelectric generator can directly utilize solar thermal energy for power generation through its own photo-thermal conversion effect, that is, converting solar thermal energy into electric energy for power generation. At the same time, the designed electric energy management circuit controls the output voltage of the solar thermoelectric generator to charge electrochemical energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, aqueous zinc-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and flow batteries, and supply power to electronic devices, thereby constructing a functional solar thermoelectric power generation and electric energy management integrated system for "production-storage" electric energy regulation, realizing the conversion, control, storage, and utilization of solar thermal energy to electric energy, and providing a new technology for the efficient conversion, control, storage, and utilization of solar thermal energy to electric energy. During the implementation process, the integrated system can adjust the output power of the integrated system according to the number of integrated solar thermoelectric generators, and output a voltage of 1 - 5V or 1.25 - 5V through the electric energy management circuit. Further, according to the output current intensity and output power of the integrated system, it is possible to select to charge electrochemical energy storage devices with different types, quantities, and series and parallel integration methods, and supply power to the corresponding electronic devices.

[0084] Connect the positive electrode of the solar thermoelectric generator to the interface VIN of the electric energy management circuit, ground the negative electrode of the solar thermoelectric generator, connect the positive electrode of the lithium-ion battery to the interface VOUT of the electric energy management circuit, and ground the negative electrode of the lithium-ion battery to design and construct a functional solar thermoelectric power generation and electric energy management integrated system for "production-storage" electric energy regulation. Its working process is as Figure 3 shown. Measure the voltages of the interface VIN and the interface VOUT with respect to ground, and obtain that the output voltage of the solar thermoelectric generator at this time is 57 mV, and the steady-state output voltage after boosting and voltage stabilization through the electric energy management circuit is 3.3V, as Figure 4 shown. After stopping solar irradiation, the output voltage of the solar thermoelectric generator rapidly decays to 0 mV, and the steady-state output voltage after boosting and voltage stabilization through the electric energy management circuit can still be maintained for a relatively long time, as Figure 5 shown. This indicates that the integrated system can continue the charging process of the electrochemical energy storage device and extend the power supply time for the electronic device.

[0085] In this embodiment, a solar light-to-thermal conversion coating is provided on the hot side of the solar thermoelectric generator, and a radiator is provided on the cold side of the solar thermoelectric generator. The radiator can be a metal aluminum heat sink. The solar light-to-thermal conversion coating is formed by spraying a solar light-absorbing coating on the hot side. The solar light-absorbing coating is prepared from a spinel-type solar light-absorbing pigment, an organic resin, a diluent, and a curing agent. The spinel-type solar light-absorbing pigment is one of CuCr2O4, CuCrFeO4, CuCrCoO4, CuCrMnO4, and Cu(Cr 0.25 Mn 0.25 Co 0.25 Fe 0.25 )2O4. Specifically, when preparing the solar light-absorbing coating from the spinel-type solar light-absorbing pigment, the organic resin, the diluent, and the curing agent, the spinel-type solar light-absorbing pigment, the organic resin, the diluent, and the curing agent can be mixed according to the mass fraction of the spinel-type solar light-absorbing pigment being 6-8%, the mass fraction of the organic resin being 8-10%, the mass fraction of the diluent being 80-85%, and the mass fraction of the curing agent being 1-3% to obtain a mixed sample, and then the mixed sample is ball-milled and dispersed to prepare the spinel-type solar light-absorbing coating. Preferably, the spinel-type solar light-absorbing pigment is CuCr2O4, the organic resin is an epoxy-modified silicone resin, the mass fraction of the spinel-type solar light-absorbing pigment is 6.5%, the mass fraction of the organic resin is 8.5%, the mass fraction of the diluent is 83%, the mass fraction of the curing agent is 2%, and the ball-milling time is 9 h.

[0086] The prepared solar light-absorbing coating is sprayed on the surface of a commercial thermoelectric generator to obtain a solar thermoelectric generator. Specifically, the size (length × width) of the commercial thermoelectric generator can be 2.3 × 2.3-55 × 55 mm, and the thickness can be 1.13-4.5 mm. The prepared solar light-absorbing coating is sprayed on the hot-side surface of the commercial thermoelectric generator to prepare a solar light-to-thermal conversion coating, and a solar thermoelectric generator is constructed. The solar light-to-thermal conversion coating on the surface of the commercial thermoelectric generator is evenly coated, without cracks, and the thickness is controlled at about 4-8 μm. Preferably, the product model of the commercial thermoelectric generator is SP1848-27145 SA, the size is 40 × 40 mm, the thickness is 3.4 mm, and the thickness of the solar light-to-thermal conversion coating on the surface is 5 μm.

[0087] Under sunlight irradiation conditions, the solar thermal-electric generator's solar photo-thermal conversion coating on the hot side of the surface can rely on the photo-thermal conversion effect to directly heat the hot side of the solar thermal-electric generator. At the same time, with the help of the metal aluminum heat sink on the cold side of the solar thermal-electric generator's surface, direct refrigeration of the cold side of the solar thermal-electric generator is achieved. Through the interaction of the energy differences between the hot and cold sides, a temperature difference is obtained inside the device. Under sunlight irradiation intensities of 60 to 2000 mW / cm 2 , the temperature difference obtained inside the device is 5 to 80 °C.

[0088] The solar thermal-electric generator receives sunlight irradiation and forms a temperature difference between the hot and cold sides. Under the driving action of the temperature difference, based on the Seebeck effect inside the device, direct conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy is achieved. Specifically, the solar photo-thermal conversion coating on the hot side surface of the solar thermal-electric generator can efficiently convert solar irradiation into thermal energy and conduct the thermal energy to the hot side surface of the solar thermal-electric generator for temperature increase. The cold side of the solar thermal-electric generator maintains a low temperature through the radiator, thereby forming a temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the device. Further, under the driving action of the temperature difference inside the device, the carriers (holes in the P-type semiconductor and electrons in the N-type semiconductor) inside the P / N-type semiconductors in the device move to both sides of the device respectively, and then a thermoelectric potential is formed between the hot and cold sides of the device. After that, when a load is connected to the hot and cold sides of the device, a current will be generated in the closed loop. Under the driving action of the temperature difference, the power transmission performance (voltage, current, and power) generated inside the device can be regulated according to the magnitude of the sunlight irradiation intensity, the number of solar thermal-electric generators, and the series and parallel connection methods.

[0089] In this embodiment, the solar thermal-electric generator, the power management circuit, the electrochemical energy storage device, and the electronic device are coupled and integrated through wires to form a functional solar thermal-electric power control integrated system for "power generation - energy storage" power regulation. During operation, this integrated system can regulate the power transmission performance (including output voltage, output power, and output current intensity) of the integrated system according to the sunlight irradiation intensity, series and parallel connection methods, and the number of solar thermal-electric generators that the solar thermal-electric generator undergoes. The power management circuit can perform step-up and voltage stabilization processing on the output voltage generated by the solar thermal-electric generator to achieve effective utilization of electrical energy. Specifically, multiple solar thermal-electric generators can be selected to be connected in series and parallel according to actual electricity consumption requirements for integration to obtain a solar thermal-electric generator group, so as to increase the overall output power of the generator group, and through the voltage stabilization circuit in the power management circuit, increase the output current intensity and output power of the integrated system, thereby improving the charging efficiency of electrochemical energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, aqueous zinc-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and flow batteries, and meeting the electricity consumption requirements of electronic devices.

[0090] Next, this embodiment gives an example of a solar thermoelectric generator. Weigh 21.744 g of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and 72.027 g of Cr(NO3)3·9H2O, dissolve them in about 200 ml of absolute ethanol according to a molar ratio of 1:2, and stir magnetically for 20 min until completely dissolved. Add 38 ml of polyethylene glycol 200 and 45 g of C6H8O7·H2O to the solution, and stir magnetically for about 2 h to fully dissolve it. Then slowly add ammonia water to adjust the pH value of the solution to about 7.0 to obtain a precursor solution. Ignite the precursor solution in the air, collect the combustion residue, and grind it thoroughly to obtain a precursor powder. Anneal the precursor powder in a high-temperature sintering furnace at 600 °C for 3 h to form a CuCr2O4 spinel-type solar light-absorbing pigment. Mix 2 g of CuCr2O4 with 2 g of epoxy-modified polyurethane resin, 2.5 g of binder, and 25 g of diluent to form a mixed solution. Put the mixed solution into a ball mill and mill for 9 h to obtain a highly dispersed coating. Then add 0.5 g of curing agent to the coating and mill it until evenly dispersed to obtain a spinel-type solar light-absorbing coating. Spray the prepared spinel-type solar light-absorbing coating onto a single surface (hot side) of a commercial thermoelectric generator to prepare a spinel-type solar photo-thermal conversion coating, thereby obtaining a functional solar thermoelectric generator. The physical pictures of the functional solar thermoelectric generator (black) and the commercial thermoelectric generator (white) are as shown in Figure 6 shown. The adhesion of the solar photo-thermal conversion coating was tested by the cross-cut method, and the test results are as shown in Figure 7 shown. The test results show that the adhesion grade of the solar photo-thermal conversion coating reaches level 1, meeting the requirement of "a little coating peeling off at the intersection of the cuts, but the affected cross-cut area is not more than 5%" in the standard (National Standard GB / T 9286-2021 "Cross-Cut Test for Paints and Varnishes"). Therefore, this result proves that the solar photo-thermal conversion coating on the surface of the functional solar thermoelectric generator has excellent adhesion.

[0091] As shown in Figure 8 shown, by comparing the emissivity (which can also be called the reflection spectrum) of the surfaces of the two devices, the coating on the surface of the functional solar thermoelectric generator has a lower reflection spectrum in the wavelength range of 0.3 - 2.5 μm. This also means that the coating on the surface of the functional solar thermoelectric generator has a higher sunlight absorption characteristic. Further, based on the reflection spectra of the surfaces of the two devices, the solar absorption value of the surface of the functional solar thermoelectric generator is calculated to be 0.931, and the solar absorption value of the surface of the commercial thermoelectric generator is 0.249, as shown in Figure 9 shown. The morphology of the coating on the surface of the functional solar thermoelectric generator was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, as shown in Figure 10As shown, the results show that the coating is evenly deposited on the surface of the device, and the coating thickness is 5.1 μm. The morphology of the coating was characterized by atomic force microscopy over an area of 1.0 μm × 1.0 μm, as Figure 11 shown. The surface morphology of the coating on the surface of the solar thermoelectric generator shows several protruding columnar structures, and its root mean square surface roughness value is 45.5 nm.

[0092] Under a solar irradiance of 100 mW / cm 2 , the thermoelectric power generation tests were carried out on the functional solar thermoelectric generator and the commercial thermoelectric generator. In the absence of solar irradiance, both the functional solar thermoelectric generator and the commercial thermoelectric generator showed the same minimum voltage (0 - 3 mV). Once the two devices received solar irradiance, the voltages of the devices rose rapidly and reached their respective peaks, and then remained stable at the peak voltages. Among them, the steady-state output peak voltage of the functional solar thermoelectric generator was 132 mV, which was significantly higher than the steady-state output peak voltage of 31 mV of the commercial thermoelectric generator. As Figure 12 shown, this directly proves that the solar light-to-heat conversion coating on the surface of the functional solar thermoelectric generator can absorb more sunlight by virtue of its own light-to-heat conversion characteristics and convert it into heat energy for direct heating of the hot side surface of the device. Under the condition that the thermoelectric material and the cold side refrigeration of the device are fixed, a larger temperature difference can be obtained inside the functional solar thermoelectric generator, and then a larger steady-state output peak voltage can be obtained. In addition, the cyclic curves of the output voltage versus time of the functional solar thermoelectric generator and the commercial thermoelectric generator under intermittent solar irradiance conditions are as Figure 13 shown. The functional solar thermoelectric generator can still maintain a stable peak voltage after multiple cycles, showing good cycle stability. The voltage decay curves of the functional solar thermoelectric generator and the commercial thermoelectric generator after stopping solar irradiance are as Figure 14 shown. Both of them rapidly decayed to the minimum voltage after stopping solar irradiance, and the decay rate of the functional solar thermoelectric generator was less than that of the commercial thermoelectric generator. The current-voltage curves of the functional solar thermoelectric generator and the commercial thermoelectric generator under solar irradiance conditions are as Figure 15 shown. The research results show that the current-voltage curves of the two have similar slopes, indicating that the internal resistances of the devices are similar. The functional solar thermoelectric generator exhibits significant thermoelectric power generation output characteristics. According to the power-voltage curves calculated from the current-voltage curves of the two devices, the maximum output power density of the functional solar thermoelectric generator is 13 times that of the commercial thermoelectric generator. The dynamic temperature changes on the hot side surfaces of the functional solar thermoelectric generator and the commercial thermoelectric generator were characterized using an infrared thermal imager during 2000 s of solar irradiance, as Figure 16As shown, the results indicate that the temperature increase on the surface of the functional solar thermoelectric generator is significantly better than that on the surface of the commercial thermoelectric generator, which is mainly attributed to the higher photo-thermal conversion effect of the surface coating of the functional solar thermoelectric generator. Similarly, under solar irradiation conditions, the temperature changes on the hot and cold sides of the surfaces of the two devices were measured using thermocouples. As Figure 17 and Figure 18 shown, the results show that within a short period of solar light irradiation, the surface temperatures of the hot sides of both devices increase rapidly. The increase in the surface temperature of the hot side of the functional solar thermoelectric generator is significantly greater than that of the commercial thermoelectric generator. Moreover, the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the functional solar thermoelectric generator reaches 5.75 °C, while the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the commercial thermoelectric generator is only 2.2 °C. As Figure 19 shown, this also means that under the same solar light irradiation, with the same thermoelectric material properties of the thermoelectric device and a fixed refrigeration system, due to the photo-thermal conversion effect of the surface coating, the functional solar thermoelectric generator can obtain a higher internal temperature difference and thus a larger output voltage.

[0093] This embodiment discloses an integrated technology for an electric energy management circuit to couple a solar thermoelectric generator for charging an electrochemical energy storage device and powering an electronic device. It involves a functional solar thermoelectric generator coupled with an electric energy management circuit, an electrochemical energy storage device, and an electronic device, and realizes the conversion, control, storage, and utilization technologies of solar thermal energy into electrical energy under sunlight irradiation conditions. It belongs to the field of comprehensive development and utilization technologies of renewable energy sources such as solar thermal energy, electrical energy, and electrochemical energy. The technical problem to be solved is to construct a functional solar thermoelectric generator using a solar light-absorbing coating. The device directly utilizes solar thermal energy for power generation by means of its own photo-thermal conversion effect. At the same time, the designed and constructed electric energy management circuit controls the output voltage of the solar thermoelectric generator to charge electrochemical energy storage devices such as lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, aqueous zinc-ion batteries, lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and flow batteries, and to power electronic devices, thereby realizing the conversion, control, storage, and utilization from solar thermal energy to electrical energy, and then providing new technical support for the integrated conversion and storage utilization of solar energy into electrical energy. The technical solution of this embodiment is to design and construct a functional solar thermoelectric generator using the prepared spinel-type solar light-absorbing coating and a commercial thermoelectric generator, and then integrate and couple the functional solar thermoelectric generator with the designed and constructed electric energy management circuit to obtain a functional solar thermoelectric power control integration system that can realize "production-storage" electric energy regulation, and then charge the electrochemical energy storage device and power the electronic device to achieve effective storage and conversion utilization of solar energy into electrical energy. This technology not only realizes the direct thermal power generation of the solar thermoelectric generator using solar thermal energy, but also effectively solves the problems that the solar thermoelectric generator cannot be matched with the electrochemical energy storage device for electricity storage due to its low output voltage, and cannot directly power the electronic device. In other words, it solves the problems of efficient conversion of solar thermal energy into electrical energy, and effective storage and utilization of electrical energy, and then provides new technical support for the efficient comprehensive development and utilization of new clean energy sources.

[0094] This embodiment has the following remarkable advantages:

[0095] (1) In this embodiment, the prepared solar light-absorbing coating is sprayed on the surface of a commercial thermoelectric generator to construct a functional solar thermoelectric generator. Under sunlight irradiation conditions, the solar photo-thermal conversion coating on the surface of the functional solar thermoelectric generator can efficiently convert solar irradiation into thermal energy by means of the photo-thermal conversion effect of the coating, and conduct the thermal energy to the hot-side surface of the functional solar thermoelectric generator for direct heating. At the same time, a metal aluminum heat sink is used to cool the cold side of the device to solve the problem of forming a temperature difference inside the device. The spinel-type solar light-absorbing coating on the surface of the functional solar thermoelectric generator has the advantages of low cost and easy preparation, shows a high solar light absorption value (≥93%) in the wavelength range of 0.3 - 2.5 μm, and has excellent adhesion performance and stability.

[0096] (2) In this embodiment, a power management circuit is designed and integrated and coupled with a functional solar thermoelectric generator and an electrochemical energy storage device to construct a functional solar thermoelectric power generation energy management integrated system for "production-storage" power regulation, which solves the problems of intermittency and instability of the output power of the solar thermoelectric generator caused by conditions such as solar energy flux density, seasonal and diurnal variations, as well as the problems of low output voltage and power of the thermoelectric power generation technology, large fluctuation range, and difficulty in directly matching with the electrochemical energy storage device for charging the electrochemical energy storage device. Therefore, the power management circuit can regulate the original power output by the solar thermoelectric generator, and ensure safe, efficient, and stable charging of the electrochemical energy storage device by the solar thermoelectric generator under sunlight irradiation scenarios, especially under unstable sunlight irradiation conditions.

[0097] (3) In the process of designing and constructing the functional solar thermoelectric power generation energy management integrated system for "production-storage" power regulation in this embodiment, the solar light-thermal conversion utilization technology, thermoelectric device power generation technology, power management technology, and electrochemical energy storage technology are effectively combined. First, the efficient conversion of solar thermal energy into electrical energy is achieved, and through the boost and voltage regulation of the power management circuit, the original power output by the functional solar thermoelectric generator is efficiently converted into a stable output voltage, and then the safe, reliable, and effective charging of the electrochemical energy storage device is completed. This technology well makes up for some defects of the solar thermoelectric power generation coupled with the electrochemical energy storage technology, and is expected to promote the application of this technology in special scenarios (such as gobi, desert, sea, polar region, outer space, planet, etc.).

[0098] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data for analysis, stored data, displayed data, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use, and processing of relevant data need to comply with relevant regulations.

[0099] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity of description, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, it should be considered as the scope described in this specification.

[0100] In this article, specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementation manners of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for helping to understand the method and its core idea of this application. At the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation to this application.

Claims

1. An electric energy management circuit, characterized in that, The power management circuit includes: A DC input module for receiving the DC power output by the solar thermoelectric generator; A power supply switching module electrically connected to the DC input module, for determining whether the voltage of the DC power output by the DC input module is greater than a preset voltage. If so, it controls the first DC conversion module to work; if not, it controls the second DC conversion module to work; The first DC conversion module is electrically connected to the DC input module and the power supply switching module respectively, for boosting the voltage of the DC power output by the DC input module; The second DC conversion module is electrically connected to the DC input module and the power supply switching module respectively, for boosting the voltage of the DC power output by the DC input module; A first voltage stabilizing module is electrically connected to the first DC conversion module, for stabilizing the voltage of the DC power output by the first DC conversion module; A second voltage stabilizing module is electrically connected to the second DC conversion module, for stabilizing the voltage of the DC power output by the second DC conversion module; A DC output module is electrically connected to the first voltage stabilizing module and the second voltage stabilizing module respectively, for outputting the DC power output by the first voltage stabilizing module or outputting the DC power output by the second voltage stabilizing module; wherein, the voltage of the DC power output by the first voltage stabilizing module is within a first voltage range, and the voltage of the DC power output by the second voltage stabilizing module is within a second voltage range; the controlled DC power output by the DC output module is used to charge the electrochemical energy storage device and / or supply power to the electronic device.

2. The power management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC input module includes: a first potentiometer and a second potentiometer; the first fixed end and the sliding end of the first potentiometer are connected, serving as the input end of the DC input module, the second fixed end of the first potentiometer, and the first fixed end and the sliding end of the second potentiometer are connected, serving as the output end of the DC input module, and the second fixed end of the second potentiometer is grounded; wherein, the first potentiometer and the second potentiometer are used for input impedance matching; The DC output module includes: a third potentiometer and a fourth potentiometer; the first fixed end of the third potentiometer, and the first fixed end and the sliding end of the fourth potentiometer are connected, serving as the input end of the DC output module, the input end of the DC output module is connected to the output ends of the first voltage stabilizing module and the second voltage stabilizing module, the second fixed end and the sliding end of the third potentiometer are connected, serving as the output end of the DC output module, and the second fixed end of the fourth potentiometer is grounded; wherein, the third potentiometer and the fourth potentiometer are used for output impedance matching.

3. The power management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first DC conversion module includes: a first DC converter, an inductor, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, a third capacitor, and a fifth potentiometer; the VIN interface and the SHDN# interface of the first DC converter, the first end of the inductor, and the first end of the first capacitor are connected together as the input end of the first DC conversion module, the input end of the first DC conversion module is connected to the output end of the DC input module, the SW interface of the first DC converter is connected to the second end of the inductor, the second end of the first capacitor is grounded, the MPPC interface of the first DC converter is connected to the first fixed end and the sliding end of the fifth potentiometer, the second fixed end of the fifth potentiometer is grounded, the AUX interface of the first DC converter is connected to the first end of the second capacitor, the second end of the second capacitor is grounded, the VOUT interface of the first DC converter is used as the first output end of the first DC conversion module, the FB interface of the first DC converter is used as the second output end of the first DC conversion module, the LDO interface of the first DC converter is connected to the first end of the third capacitor, the second end of the third capacitor is grounded, the FBLDO interface of the first DC converter is grounded, and the PGOOD interface of the first DC converter is used as the control end of the first DC conversion module; wherein, the fifth potentiometer is used to keep the output voltage of the DC input module at the optimal working voltage.

4. The power management circuit according to claim 1, wherein The first voltage regulation module includes: a fourth capacitor, a fifth capacitor, a sixth potentiometer, and a seventh potentiometer; the first end of the fourth capacitor, the first output end of the first DC conversion module, the first fixed end and the sliding end of the sixth potentiometer, and the first end of the fifth capacitor are connected together as the output end of the first voltage regulation module, the second end of the fourth capacitor is connected to the second output end of the first DC conversion module, the second fixed end of the sixth potentiometer, and the first fixed end and the sliding end of the seventh potentiometer, the second fixed end of the seventh potentiometer is grounded, and the second end of the fifth capacitor is grounded; wherein, the sixth potentiometer and the seventh potentiometer are used to determine the output voltage of the first voltage regulation module.

5. The power management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply switching module includes: a first resistor, a sixth capacitor, and a first field effect transistor; the first end of the first resistor, the first end of the sixth capacitor, and the first end of the first field effect transistor are connected together as the control end of the power supply switching module, the control end of the power supply switching module is connected to the control end of the first DC conversion module, the second end of the first resistor is grounded, the second end of the sixth capacitor is grounded, the second end of the first field effect transistor is used as the input end of the power supply switching module, the input end of the power supply switching module is connected to the output end of the DC input module, and the third end of the first field effect transistor is used as the output end of the power supply switching module; When the voltage of the direct current output by the DC input module is greater than the preset voltage, the control end of the first DC conversion module is at a high level, the first field effect transistor is cut off, and the first DC conversion module works; when the voltage of the direct current output by the DC input module is less than or equal to the preset voltage, the control end of the first DC conversion module is at a low level, the first field effect transistor is turned on, and the second DC conversion module works.

6. The power management circuit according to claim 1, wherein The second DC conversion module includes: a second DC converter, a mutual inductance coil, a seventh capacitor, an eighth capacitor, a ninth capacitor, a tenth capacitor, an eleventh capacitor, and a twelfth capacitor; the SW interface of the second DC converter is connected to the first end of the primary coil of the mutual inductance coil, the second end of the primary coil of the mutual inductance coil is connected to the first end of the seventh capacitor, serving as the input end of the second DC conversion module, the input end of the second DC conversion module is connected to the output end of the power supply switching module, the second end of the seventh capacitor is grounded, the C2 interface of the second DC converter is connected to the first end of the ninth capacitor, the C1 interface of the second DC converter is connected to the first end of the eighth capacitor, the second ends of the eighth capacitor and the ninth capacitor are connected to the first end of the secondary coil of the mutual inductance coil, the second end of the secondary coil of the mutual inductance coil is grounded, the VOUT2_EN interface of the second DC converter is connected to the PGD interface of the second DC converter, the VS1 interface, the VS2 interface of the second DC converter, and the first end of the tenth capacitor are all connected to the VAUX interface of the second DC converter, the second end of the tenth capacitor is grounded, the VSTORE interface of the second DC converter is left floating, the VOUT interface of the second DC converter is connected to the first end of the eleventh capacitor, serving as the first output end of the second DC conversion module, the second end of the eleventh capacitor is grounded, the VOUT2 interface of the second DC converter serves as the second output end of the second DC conversion module, the VLDO interface of the second DC converter is connected to the first end of the twelfth capacitor, and the second end of the twelfth capacitor is grounded.

7. The power management circuit according to claim 1, wherein The second voltage regulation module includes: a voltage regulator, a second field effect transistor, a thirteenth capacitor, a fourteenth capacitor, a fifteenth capacitor, an eighth potentiometer, a second resistor, and a third resistor; the IN interface of the voltage regulator is connected to the first output end of the second DC conversion module and the first end of the thirteenth capacitor, the ADJ interface of the voltage regulator is connected to the first fixed end, the sliding end of the eighth potentiometer, and the first end of the second resistor, the second fixed end of the eighth potentiometer is connected to the second end of the thirteenth capacitor, the first end of the second field effect transistor, and the first end of the fifteenth capacitor, the OUT interface of the voltage regulator, the second end of the second resistor, and the second end of the fifteenth capacitor are connected together, serving as the output end of the second voltage regulation module, the second end of the second field effect transistor is connected to the first end of the fourteenth capacitor, the first end of the third resistor, and the second output end of the second DC conversion module, the second end of the fourteenth capacitor is grounded, the second end of the third resistor is grounded, and the third end of the second field effect transistor is grounded; wherein, the eighth potentiometer is used to determine the output voltage of the second voltage regulation module.

8. The power management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that The power supply switching module is further configured to determine whether the voltage of the direct current output by the direct current input module is less than the lower voltage limit, and if so, control both the first DC conversion module and the second DC conversion module not to work; Wherein, the lower voltage limit is 20 mV, the preset voltage is 250 mV, the first voltage range is 1 - 5 V, and the second voltage range is 1.25 - 5 V.

9. An integrated system coupling a solar thermoelectric generator, characterized in that, The integrated system of the coupled solar thermoelectric generator includes: a solar thermoelectric generator, a power management circuit, an electrochemical energy storage device, and an electronic device; The power management circuit adopts the power management circuit described in any one of claims 1-8; the input end of the power management circuit is electrically connected to the output end of the solar thermoelectric generator, and the output end of the power management circuit is electrically connected to the input end of the electrochemical energy storage device and the input end of the electronic device; the power management circuit is used to control the direct current output by the solar thermoelectric generator, output the controlled direct current, and charge the electrochemical energy storage device with the controlled direct current and supply power to the electronic device.

10. The integrated system of the coupled solar thermoelectric generator according to claim 9, characterized in that, The hot side of the solar thermoelectric generator is provided with a solar photo-thermal conversion coating, and the cold side of the solar thermoelectric generator is provided with a radiator. The solar photo-thermal conversion coating is formed by spraying a solar light-absorbing coating on the hot side. The solar light-absorbing coating is prepared from a spinel-type solar light-absorbing pigment, an organic resin, a diluent, and a curing agent. The spinel-type solar light-absorbing pigment is one of CuCr2O4, CuCrFeO4, CuCrCoO4, CuCrMnO4, and Cu(Cr 0.25 Mn 0.25 Co 0.25 Fe 0.25 )2O4.

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