Industrial hemp planting method and crop underground pest control method

Abstract

The invention provides an industrial cannabis sativa planting method which is characterized in that during the growth period of industrial cannabis sativa, water slurry containing polygonum hydropiper juice is used for irrigating land; or planting the polygonum hydropiper in spring, turning over the polygonum hydropiper into soil after the polygonum hydropiper grows, and then planting the hemp; or planting the polygonum hydropiper after the hemp is harvested in autumn, ploughing and burying the polygonum hydropiper into the soil after the polygonum hydropiper grows, and planting the hemp in the next spring. The method provided by the invention can be popularized to a common underground pest control method. The method is economical, environmentally friendly and beneficial to soil maintenance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of agriculture, specifically relates to a method for planting plants, and more specifically relates to a method for planting industrial hemp. Background Art

[0002] Crops are always damaged by soil-dwelling pests during the planting process. Soil-dwelling pests refer to omnivorous insects that live in the soil throughout their lives or at some stage of their lives and cause damage to the underground parts of plants, seeds, seedlings, or the main stems near the soil surface. Common ones include white grubs, cutworms, wireworms, mole crickets, root maggots, bulb mites, Neoplatyptilia excavata, and yellow ants, etc. The existing methods for controlling underground pests are four types: poisonous soil, poisonous sand, poisoned bait mixing, and root irrigation. Among them, the poisonous soil method uses clothianidin granules or clothianidin lambda-cyhalothrin granules, which are evenly spread on the ground surface or plowed into the soil before crop sowing, and can effectively control pests such as white grubs, wireworms, and mole crickets; the poisonous sand method is to mix phoxim emulsifiable concentrate with fine soil to make poisonous sand and sprinkle it on the ground surface; the poisoned bait mixing method mixes fried wheat bran or soybean cake with poisoned bait and places it in a plate to lure underground pests to feed and die after being poisoned. The root irrigation method is to use fully water-soluble clothianidin for flushing and drip irrigation before crop sowing. Since chemical pesticides are used and restricted by the dosage, pesticides are often applied locally in the soil, and the insecticidal effect is limited. Ground surface trapping requires multiple insecticidal treatments. In addition, the use of chemical pesticides is not only not environmentally friendly but also causes harm to other animals.

[0003] For the industrial hemp planting areas in Yunnan, China, the common underground pests are cutworms, Macrotermes barneyi, and white grubs. Currently, the most effective method is to evenly spread 500 grams of 5% phoxim granules per mu on the planting ponds before sowing, but the effect maintained by using pesticides is short, and there are many pesticide residues. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a pollution-free planting method for industrial hemp, which uses natural plants to repel and kill insects.

[0005] One embodiment of the present invention is to irrigate the land with a water slurry containing the juice of Polygonum hydropiper during the growth period of industrial hemp.

[0006] Another embodiment of the present invention is that the planting method includes the following steps:

[0007] 1) Sow Polygonum hydropiper in March - April to obtain Polygonum hydropiper plants;

[0008] 2) Deep plow the land in May - June and bury Polygonum hydropiper in the soil;

[0009] 3) Level the plot and plant industrial hemp in place.

[0010] Another embodiment of the present invention is that the planting method includes the following steps:

[0011] 4) Plant industrial hemp in spring;

[0012] 5) Immediately sow smartweed after harvesting hemp in autumn;

[0013] 6) After the smartweed grows, plow the land and keep it until spring for hemp planting.

[0014] The above method can also be applied to pest control of other crops. This method can not only effectively prevent underground pests, but also is harmless to the environment and can enrich the soil. Specific Embodiments

[0015] The following combines specific embodiments to elaborate on the technical concept of the present invention. It is easy to understand that these embodiments described in the present disclosure are only for illustrative purposes, rather than all embodiments of the inventive concept. Those skilled in the art, after obtaining the elaboration of the basic inventive concept of the present invention in the present disclosure and combining the given embodiments, can completely obtain other ways to implement the present invention without creative labor, and can further make improvements on the basis of the basic inventive concept of the present invention. All these variant embodiments or improvements fall within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

[0016] In an embodiment of the present invention, the planting method includes the following steps:

[0017] 1) Sow smartweed in spring and obtain smartweed plants after 2 - 3 months;

[0018] 2) Deeply plow the land and bury the smartweed plants into the soil;

[0019] 3) Arrange the plot and plant industrial hemp in place.

[0020] In step 1), the sowing time is preferably completed between March 10th and April 15th, and in warm climates, it can be planted in February. It is preferably completed before the end of March, so as to obtain smartweed fresh grass with a longer growth period. Typical steps for planting grass include plowing the land, sowing, and irrigating. The plowing work is preferably carried out 1 to 2 months before planting grass, for example, in late January or February; if planting grass in April, the plowing work can be carried out in February or even early March. It is beneficial for the soil to fully receive air, sunlight, and rain before planting grass.

[0021] Prepare the land, preferably by rotary tillage. The rotary tillage depth can be 12 - 15 cm. Usually, no base fertilizer needs to be applied. When the soil fertility is insufficient, applying base fertilizer is the best, which can promote the rapid growth of Polygonum hydropiper. The base fertilizer can be mixed in a ratio of, for example, phosphate fertilizer to urea of 1:1, and 20 - 30 kg is applied per mu. Prepare the land to make it flat and loose. In the sowing process, the seeds are preferably soaked in water at 15 - 20 °C for 3 - 5 days, and 1.5 - 3 kg of seeds are sown per mu. After sowing, harrow the land so that the seeds are shallowly buried by 1 - 2 cm, and then fully irrigate. If conditions permit, use flood irrigation. When using other irrigation methods, the planting beds should be soaked with water. Cover the film to keep warm and moisturize before emergence, and uncover the film after emergence. Through these planting methods, Polygonum hydropiper plants with the expected yield can be obtained in 2 - 3 months.

[0022] In step 2), usually between May and June, when Polygonum hydropiper grows to a plant height of 40 - 70 cm, plow the land and bury the Polygonum hydropiper plants underground. As a preferred method, cut or crush the Polygonum hydropiper after cutting it close to the ground, and then turn it into the soil by plowing.

[0023] In step 3), land preparation includes crushing the soil, leveling, opening beds, and digging ponds. The density of the ponds can be selected according to the cannabis variety, which is well-known to those skilled in the art.

[0024] Water, top-dress, and weed as needed during this period. Harvest the plants in October. When harvesting for the purpose of flowers and leaves, dry the branches of the plants separately and then process and harvest the flower spikes.

[0025] This method is simpler in operation compared to the first embodiment, and has better pest control effect, and can also provide more persistent fertility for the soil.

[0026] In the third embodiment of the present invention, after harvesting industrial hemp, sow a crop of autumn Polygonum hydropiper. After the Polygonum hydropiper grows to the predetermined plant height, plow the land for winter soil cultivation, and plant industrial hemp on this land in the coming spring.

[0027] In a specific embodiment, the planting method includes the following steps:

[0028] 4) Sow and plant industrial hemp in spring;

[0029] 5) Sow Polygonum hydropiper after harvesting hemp in autumn;

[0030] 6) After the Polygonum hydropiper grows, plow the land and turn the Polygonum hydropiper plants into the soil to prepare for the next year's hemp planting.

[0031] In this embodiment, the hemp planting time is preferably carried out in March - April, so as to reserve the longest possible growth period for the subsequent Polygonum hydropiper planting. In places where the climate conditions permit, hemp can be planted in March. When planting hemp in April, it is preferably to harvest the hemp in mid-September and immediately sow Polygonum hydropiper.

[0032] In step 4), land preparation includes soil crumbling, leveling, bed making, and pond digging. The row spacing can be 50 - 150 cm, and the pond spacing can be 50 - 120 cm. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the row spacing is 150 cm, the pond spacing is 120 cm, and the cannabis variety selected is Zhongma Zhiya No. 1, which is the seed cultivated by the applicant's company.

[0033] During this period, water, top dressing, and weeding are carried out as needed. When top dressing, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer or compound fertilizer can be selected. The plants are harvested in September to October. When harvesting for the purpose of flower and leaf, the branches of the plants are dried separately and then the flower spikes are processed for harvesting.

[0034] In step 5), the land after harvesting cannabis can be rotary tilled to a depth of 12 - 15 cm. After fertilizing and leveling, the pre-soaked seeds are mixed with fine soil at a density of 1.5 - 3 kg of dry seeds per mu and evenly spread on the ground. The seeds are preferably soaked in water at 20 - 30 °C for 2 - 5 days. After sowing, harrow the land so that the seeds are shallowly buried by 1 - 2 cm, and then water thoroughly so that the planting bed is soaked with water. Cover the film if necessary. Uncover the film after the seedlings enter the growth period.

[0035] In November - December, when the water pepper grows to a plant height of 40 - 60 cm, plow the land and bury the water pepper plants underground. As a preferred method, cut or crush the water pepper after cutting it close to the ground and then turn it into the soil by plowing.

[0036] Compared with other solutions, this implementation method can effectively kill the overwintering insect eggs, and through the long fermentation in winter, it can provide sufficient organic fertilizer for the soil.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present invention, the planting method includes the following steps:

[0038] Industrial hemp is planted in spring. From May to August, it is irrigated with a water slurry containing water pepper juice.

[0039] In this embodiment, the planting method can be open-field planting or greenhouse planting. In the case of open-field planting, the seedling transplantation is preferably carried out in May - June. If planted too early, it may be difficult to obtain mature water pepper plants; if transplanted too late, it may miss the best growth season of hemp. In a specific embodiment, the water pepper water slurry is irrigated 15 - 30 days after transplanting the seedlings so that the seedlings take firm root in the soil. If the irrigation is too late, the best insecticidal period of pests will be missed. In this case, the irrigation is preferably to fully soak the entire planting bed with the water pepper water slurry, preferably watering twice. The interval between the two waterings is preferably 10 - 20 days.

[0040] In another embodiment, 10 - 30 days before planting cannabis, the land is irrigated with the water slurry of Polygonum hydropiper. In this case, it is preferable to use flood irrigation to irrigate the land. For example, after 2 - 5 days of flood irrigation, the excess water is drained, and then cannabis is planted 10 - 30 days later. The planting can be sowing or transplanting the cultivated seedlings. The advantage of this method is to kill the larvae before transplanting the seedlings, and it can also allow sufficient fermentation time for the Polygonum hydropiper biomass to provide basal fertilizer for the soil.

[0041] To obtain the irrigation water containing the water slurry of Polygonum hydropiper, Polygonum hydropiper with a growth period of 2 - 3 months and a plant height of 30 - 60 cm is made into a water slurry. Preferably, a green grass pulper is used to crush the fresh material into fragments, and then it is placed in water with a weight 5 - 20 times that of the material to obtain the water slurry. This water slurry can be used immediately. The crushed forage by the pulper is easy to produce slurry. With a gentle squeeze with water, the grass slurry can be extruded. This water slurry can also be used after being placed at 20 - 30 °C for 10 - 72 hours. In the case of no pulper, Polygonum hydropiper can be cut into sections of 5 - 15 cm, placed in water and stirred, rubbed or pounded to make the juice of Polygonum hydropiper enter the water phase as much as possible. It can be irrigated immediately after pulping in the field. A water storage pool can also be set up at the corner of the field, and Polygonum hydropiper is soaked in the water storage pool for 1 - 5 days before irrigating the cannabis. When irrigating, the residue of Polygonum hydropiper is also evenly spread on the ground as much as possible, so that nutrients can continuously penetrate into the land during subsequent rainfall and irrigation. In this embodiment, the dosage of fresh Polygonum hydropiper can be between 0.5 - 1.5 kg per square meter, preferably 0.8 - 1.2 kg.

[0042] During the growth period of industrial cannabis, this irrigation can be carried out 1 - 3 times. In the embodiment of flood irrigation, when discharging natural water into the field, the water flow containing the water slurry of Polygonum hydropiper is discharged into the field.

[0043] Compared with the traditional chemical insecticidal method, the method of the present invention protects the soil, is completely harmless to the environment, can also increase soil organic matter, reduce the usage amount of chemical fertilizers, and improve the crop yield and quality.

[0044] The following examples were implemented in Yuanmou County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] The test field area is 0.5 mu. In mid - February, the soil is turned over, harrowed, and basal fertilizer is applied. The basal fertilizer is mixed in the ratio of phosphate fertilizer: urea (1∶1), and 20 - 30 kg is applied per mu.

[0047] Between March 1 and 10, 3 kg of Polygonum hydropiper seeds per mu are pre - soaked in water at 15 - 20 °C for 5 days, mixed evenly with an appropriate amount of rare earth, evenly scattered on the ground, covered with a thin layer of soil, and then fully irrigated until the soil is completely wet and there is 5 - 10 cm of accumulated water in the furrow. Cover with a film and remove the film after 15 days.

[0048] Between June 10th and 15th, the water pepper grows into plants about 50-70cm tall. Use a grass return machine or straw return machine to harvest the plants and crush them and return them to the field.

[0049] Deeply plow the land 20-30cm, turn the broken water pepper into the ground, break up the soil, rake it flat, and level the beds. Dig beds 1.2m wide with furrows 20-30cm wide. Dig ponds with one row per bed and a distance of 1.2m between them. Plant 1-3 seedlings per pond and do not apply basal fertilizer. The seedlings were grown using Zhongma Zhiya No. 1 seeds. After transplanting, observe whether the stem base and tender leaf stems have been cut by cutworms, causing the plants to fall over. Observe whether the roots and underground stems have been damaged by white grubs, causing the plants to wilt. No seedlings in the area were damaged by underground pests within 2 days of transplanting.

[0050] During this period, pay attention to weeding and irrigation. Topdress once around the beginning of autumn, using 6 grams of nitrogen fertilizer per pond. Harvest the entire plant's flower spikes by mid-October. Dry the fresh flowers and leaves at 50°C for 6 hours to obtain 65.5 kg of dried flowers and leaves, with a yield of 131 kg per mu.

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] The experimental field area was 0.5 mu, located on the same plot as the experimental field in Example 1. Industrial hemp was planted according to the same procedures as in Example 2, except that water pepper was not planted in the spring. The inflorescences of the entire plant were harvested during the same period. Fresh flowers and leaves were dried at 50°C for 6 hours to obtain 59.5 kg of dried flowers and leaves, with a yield of 119 kg per mu. Plants were observed to have fallen over due to cutworms cutting off the stem base and tender leaf stems. Plants with damaged roots due to grubs wilted.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] The experimental field covers an area of 0.5 mu. Polygonum hydropiper was planted from September 15th to 20th. The process is as follows: the land was rotary tilled to a depth of 10-15 cm, raked flat, and no bed was opened. Base fertilizer was applied, mixing phosphate fertilizer and urea (1:1), with 20-30 kg per mu. 3 kg of seeds per mu were pre-soaked in 20-25 ° C water for 2-3 days, mixed with an appropriate amount of fine soil, and evenly spread on the ground. The seeds were covered with a thin layer of soil and then irrigated. Cover with film. When the seedlings reached a height of about 3 cm, the film was removed and the plants were allowed to grow naturally. By mid-December, the Polygonum hydropiper plants were 40-60 cm tall. The Polygonum hydropiper was plowed into the soil and overwintered.

[0055] In the coming April 10 - 15th, plow the land, harrow it flat, form beds, make beds with a width of 1m, the bed width is 20 - 30cm, dig ponds with a pond spacing of 1.2m and a pond depth of 10 - 15cm, one row per bed, and 1 - 3 seedlings per pond. The seedlings are grown from the seeds of Zhongma Zhiya No.1. When transplanted, the seedling height is 12 - 15cm. Water after transplantation. Observe whether the base of the stem and the young leaf stems are cut by cutworms resulting in plant lodging, and whether the roots and underground stems are damaged by grubs causing root defects and plant wilting. No damage to the seedlings by underground pests was found within 20 days after transplantation.

[0056] During this period, pay attention to weeding and irrigation, top - dress once around July 15th, with 6 grams of nitrogen fertilizer per pond. Harvest the whole plant by mid - September. Dry the fresh flower leaves at 50°C for 6 hours to obtain 68.5 kg of dry flower leaves, with a yield of 137 kg per mu.

[0057] Control Example 2

[0058] The test field area is 0.5 mu and is in the same plot as the test field in Example 2. Plant industrial hemp according to the same operation as in Example 2, except that smartweed is not planted in the previous autumn. Obtain 59.1 kg of dry flower leaves, with a yield of 118.2 kg per mu. Observe that the base of the stem and the young leaf stems are cut by cutworms resulting in plant lodging, and there are wilting plants with grub - damaged roots.

[0059] The technical solutions of the present invention have been described above in combination with the embodiments. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical concept of the present disclosure, using other similar implementation means based on the technical idea of the present disclosure also belongs to the protection scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating industrial hemp, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: 1) Sow Polygonum hydropiper in spring and obtain Polygonum hydropiper plants after 2 - 3 months; 2) Deeply plow the land and bury the Polygonum hydropiper plants into the soil; 3) Level the plot and plant industrial hemp in the original place.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Rototill the land to a depth of not less than 12 - 15 cm 1 to 2 months before sowing the grass.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Apply base fertilizer before sowing the grass. The base fertilizer is phosphate fertilizer and urea in a ratio of 1∶1, and 20 - 30 kg is applied per mu.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein Irrigate the land after sowing. Preferably, soak the Polygonum hydropiper seeds in water at 15 - 20 °C for 3 - 5 days before sowing the grass.

5. A cultivation method of industrial hemp, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: 4) Sow and plant industrial hemp in spring; 5) Sow Polygonum hydropiper after harvesting hemp in autumn; 6) After the Polygonum hydropiper grows, plow the land and turn the Polygonum hydropiper plants into the ground to prepare for the next year's hemp planting.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein Carry out step 4) in April, step 5) in September, and step 6) in December.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step 6), the dosage of Polygonum hydropiper seeds is 1.5 - 3 kg per mu, and preferably soak them in water at 20 - 30 °C for 2 - 5 days in advance.

8. The method according to claim 5, wherein In step 4), topdress nitrogen fertilizer 1 - 2 times between July and August.

9. A method for cultivating industrial hemp, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: Irrigate the land with water containing Polygonum hydropiper pulp during the growth period of industrial hemp or before planting.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein Transplant seedlings in mid - May to mid - June, and irrigate with Polygonum hydropiper pulp 15 days after transplanting the seedlings.

11. The method according to claim 9, wherein Irrigate the land with Polygonum hydropiper pulp 15 - 30 days before planting.

12. The method according to claim 3, wherein Irrigate the land by flood irrigation, drain the excess water 2 - 5 days after flood irrigation, and plant hemp 10 - 30 days later.

13. A method for controlling underground pests of crops, characterized in that, Sow Polygonum hydropiper in spring, turn it into the soil after it grows, and sow crops.

14. A method for preventing and controlling underground pests of crops, characterized in that, Sow Polygonum hydropiper in autumn, turn the Polygonum hydropiper into the soil in December, maintain the land, and sow crops in the coming spring.