TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) descending construction shield cutting and drainage system, shield structure, main machine, equipment and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a TBM (tunnel boring machine) descending construction shield water interception and drainage system, a shield structure, a main machine, equipment and a method. According to the water interception and drainage structure, a water stop ring with elastic tension at least towards the outside of the ring is arranged on the lower side of the rear portion of a front shield, and the water stop ring is provided with a connecting body and a continuous skirt part connected to the connecting body; the skirt portion in the peripheral direction of the anterior shield fits the roadway wall at least during operation to limit liquid flow in the forward direction of the anterior shield. The structure is simple, the shield structure design is optimized, the water blocking and drainage design is introduced for the situation that in the TBM descending tunneling process, liquid such as underground water can be accumulated, and consequently a cutter head falls or a cutter is pasted easily, and therefore the safety and stability of underground tunneling operation are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel excavation, and specifically relates to a shield intercepting and drainage system, shield structure, host machine, equipment and method for TBM downward construction, especially a shield intercepting and drainage system, shield structure, host machine, equipment and method for TBM downward construction in mine shaft and tunnel engineering. Background Art

[0002] During TBM inclined shaft construction, when the tunnel is downhill, as the tunnel excavation depth increases, groundwater will flow forward along the water trough in the tunnel and eventually gather in front of the TBM cutterhead. When excavating in soft soil layers, the soil layer becomes soft when it comes into contact with water, causing the cutterhead to fall; when excavating in hard soil or mudstone, the mudstone expands when it comes into contact with water and sticks to the cutterhead, resulting in a decrease in excavation efficiency.

[0003] Therefore, in response to the above technical problems, it is necessary to provide a TBM downlink construction shield interception and drainage system, shield structure, main machine, equipment and method.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background technology section is only intended to enhance the understanding of the overall background of the invention and should not be regarded as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that the information constitutes the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a TBM down-construction shield interception and drainage system, a shield structure, a main machine, equipment and a method.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, a specific embodiment of the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The TBM down-going construction shield intercepting and drainage system is provided with a water-stop ring with elastic tension at least outward of the ring on the lower rear side of the front shield. The water-stop ring has a connector and a continuous skirt connected to the connector. The skirt is in contact with the tunnel wall along the outer circumference of the front shield at least during operation to limit the liquid flow toward the front of the front shield.

[0008] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a portion of the skirt facing the tunnel wall is further provided with a wear-resistant structure; and / or a portion of the skirt facing away from the tunnel wall is further provided with a support structure.

[0009] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the ring length of the skirt is at least one-third of the outer circumference of the front shield (it should be noted that the outer circumference here does not refer to the outermost edge, but the area close to the outermost edge, so as to elastically fit the tunnel wall and restrict liquid flow).

[0010] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the wear-resistant structure includes a cylinder disposed outside the skirt.

[0011] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the wear-resistant structure further includes a curved portion, which is disposed on the side of the ring body away from the front shield in a direction away from the front shield, and the curved portion is a folded structure that bends toward the skirt portion.

[0012] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the curved portion is formed with a bent structure facing the front shield, and the edge of the skirt portion extends and adheres to the bent structure.

[0013] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, a drainage device is further disposed at the lower part of the inner space of the water stop ring to drain the accumulated liquid.

[0014] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the TBM shield structure at least includes a front shield and a TBM downward construction shield water intercepting and drainage system provided on the front shield.

[0015] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the TBM main machine includes the TBM shield structure.

[0016] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, the TBM shield water intercepting and drainage equipment for mine roadway engineering includes the TBM main machine.

[0017] In one or more embodiments of the present invention, an operation method applying the TBM downward construction shield water intercepting and drainage system includes:

[0018] a. Install a water stop ring at the rear of the front shield;

[0019] b. Install a drainage device inside the shell restricted by the water stop ring;

[0020] c. During the tunneling process of the TBM equipment, groundwater reaches the water stop ring along the formed roadway and is blocked from flowing forward;

[0021] d. When the water accumulates in the water stop ring to the operating height of the drainage device, the drainage device starts to work to drain water;

[0022] e. Stop operating after dropping to a certain height.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the TBM downward construction shield water intercepting and drainage system, shield structure, main machine, equipment and method of the present invention have a simple structure. By optimizing the shield structure design, in view of the situation that liquids such as groundwater are likely to accumulate during the tunneling process, which is likely to cause the cutter head to drop or the cutter to be clogged, a water blocking and drainage design is introduced, thereby ensuring the safety and stability of underground tunneling operations. Description of the Drawings

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the TBM shield structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the wear-resistant structure in the TBM shield structure in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] In order to enable those skilled in the art of the present technology to better understand the technical solutions in the present invention, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions of the present invention in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] In a TBM downhole construction shield water intercepting and draining system, shield structure, main machine, equipment and method in an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 shown, a schematic structural diagram of the cutter head 1 and the TBM shield structure including the front shield 2 is shown. The TBM downhole construction shield water intercepting and draining system may include at least a water stop ring 3 with elastic tension outward in the lower part of the rear of the front shield 2. The water stop ring 3 has a connecting body and a continuous skirt connected to the connecting body. Along the circumferential direction of the front shield 2, the skirt at least fits against the roadway wall during operation to restrict the liquid flow in the direction of the front of the front shield 2. At this time, the connecting body can be connected to the front shield 2 through a connecting structure such as bolts and screws. The skirt and the connecting body may be integral; they may also be detachable. When the two are detachable (the two can also be connected by bolts cooperating with the connecting holes arranged on the two, or combined in other ways), it only needs to meet that the skirt cooperates with structures such as the front shield 2 to prevent the groundwater and other liquids accumulated at this place from flowing to the cutter head 1.

[0029] In the above solution for the restriction of the liquid, the restriction structure can be: when the connecting body has an extension part extending along the rear surface of the front shield 2 on the side away from the skirt, the restriction can be a closed structure mainly defined by the extension part and the skirt to restrict the liquid flow; when the function of the connecting body only plays a connecting role and has no extension to the rear surface of the front shield 2, the restriction can also be a closed structure mainly defined by the rear surface of the front shield 2 and the skirt to restrict the liquid flow.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, considering the groundwater risks that the TBM is prone to encounter during tunneling and facilitating the normal operation of drainage equipment such as water pumps, it is required to limit the liquid depth defined by the limiting structure within a certain safe range and have a certain redundancy in dealing with groundwater risks. Therefore, the circumferential length of the skirt can be set to at least one-third of the outer circumference of the front shield 2, so that the maximum water depth that can be tolerated is at least half of the radius (R) of the front shield 2, that is, 0.5R. It should be noted that, in order to obtain a good water-blocking effect, the skirt is arranged on the front shield 2 with the plumb direction as the symmetry line. Figure 1 Only half of its structure is shown in. Specifically, in order to prevent groundwater from flowing into the front end of the cutter head 1, a rubber water stop ring 3 is arranged behind the main machine shield, with a circumferential length of one-third of the shield circumference and connected to the tail of the shield body. The rubber water stop ring 3 is made of rubber and is firmly connected to the shield tail through bolts.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, in order to prevent the skirt from being worn, a wear-resistant structure 4 is also provided on the part of the skirt facing the roadway wall, that is, an outer protection structure for protecting the skirt is formed on the periphery of the skirt to effectively reduce the direct wear of the roadway wall on the skirt, thereby extending the service life. As Figure 2 shown in a-c in, where the skirt in a is shorter and completely within the protection range of the cylinder. The wear-resistant structure 4 can be a grid structure, which has the advantages of light weight and good isolation effect; it can also be a continuous cylinder 41, and this straight cylinder structure can provide full coverage of the outside of the skirt, thereby forming support.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 2 shown in b-c in, the cylinder 41, as a part of the wear-resistant structure 4, is provided with a curved portion 42 in the direction away from the front shield 2 and forms a folded-back shape that bends towards the skirt, and the end of the folded-back shape has a tendency towards the skirt. Further, as Figure 2As shown in Fig. b, the bent-back portion 42 is formed with a bent structure facing the front shield 2, and its bending direction is the same as curling towards the cylinder body 41. The edge of the skirt extends and fits to the bent structure, so as to form an appropriate overlap at least in the end region of the folded-back form and the edge region of the skirt. Thus, in the working state, the cylinder body 41, the bent-back portion 42 and the skirt together form a slit-shaped space. After water accumulates in the skirt, at this time, the skirt and the bent-back portion 42 may be in a well-fitted state. At this time, the accumulated water will press the fitting part of the two, so as to meet the fitting protection and support requirements between the two; when there is a gap formed due to the poor fitting between the skirt and the bent-back portion 42 (since the skirt is mainly made of rubber and has good elasticity, and at the same time the sizes of the skirt and the wear-resistant structure 4 are matched with each other, the gap formed between the two must be relatively small when there is no damage or deformation), the accumulated water will enter the slit-shaped space from the gap, so as to complete the evacuation and filling of the entire space by osmosis. At this time, the liquid in the space plays a buffering and wear-resistant effect, and can also strengthen the fixation between the skirt and the wear-resistant structure 4 through the adsorption effect of the wetting surface to adapt to the high-vibration, high-temperature and other environments of underground tunneling. The wear-resistant structure 4 can be prepared from wear-resistant copper sheets. Further, as Figure 2As shown in Fig. c, in order to strengthen the sealing and fitting effect of the curved part 42, at the end parts with opposite bending directions, at this time the end parts are completely covered by the skirt part, and the skirt part further overlaps the curved part 42. In this way, the reverse bending of the end parts forms a lock with the edge position of the skirt part overlapping the curved part 42 under the pressure-bearing state of the skirt part. It is required that the skirt part has good deformation characteristics and forms a good step-by-step fitting from the reverse bending to the curved part 42 with the reverse bending and the curved part 42 when water gradually accumulates. And this design combining the reverse bending and the curved part 42 is also beneficial to restricting the overflow of the accumulated liquid during the operation. Further, in order to enhance the combined effect of the part near the edge of the skirt part with the combination of the reverse bending and the curved part 42, the radius of curvature of the reverse bending of the end part is also restricted to be slightly smaller than the radius of curvature of the adjacent part (the part overlapping with the skirt part) of the curved part 42. Further, in order to achieve this optimized combined effect, the radius of curvature of the reverse bending of the end part is 15 - 50 mm, and the corresponding radian is π / 6 - 2π / 3. The radius of curvature of the part of the curved part 42 overlapping with the skirt part is 25 - 100 mm, and the corresponding radian is π / 6 - π / 3. For example, in the following combination, the radius of curvature of the reverse bending of the end part is 20 mm, and the corresponding radian is 15π / 36; the radius of curvature of the part of the curved part 42 overlapping with the skirt part is 25 mm, and the corresponding radian is π / 4: When there is no liquid filling in the slit-shaped space, the continuous working time of the skirt part without replacement reaches 3 months, and basically no liquid leaks to the cutter head 1 during the operation. At this time, the wear mainly considers the salt erosion of groundwater, the high temperature during the operation, and the wear between the skirt part and the cylinder 41, etc. caused by the high-intensity vibration during the operation; when there is liquid filling in the slit-shaped space, the continuous working time of the skirt part without replacement reaches more than 6 months, and basically no liquid leaks to the cutter head 1 during the operation. At this time, the maintenance reasons mainly consider the salt erosion of groundwater, the high temperature during the operation, and the wear between the edge of the skirt part and the reverse bending, etc. caused by the high-intensity vibration during the operation. For example, the outside of the skirt part is protected by the cylinder 41 with wear-resistant copper sheets added.

[0033] In an embodiment of the present invention, considering that the skirt part is mainly made of materials with wear resistance and elasticity such as rubber, in order to make the skirt part and other structures fully fit the roadway wall during the operation, or during the operation, when there is bump or vibration, the skirt part and other structures will not collapse in the direction away from the roadway wall. A support structure is also provided on the part (inner side) of the skirt part away from the roadway wall to support the skirt part to always be in a normal extended state to meet the effective fitting requirement of the roadway wall. For example, a metal sheet bent outward is provided on the inner side of the skirt part to support it to expand outward and tightly fit the formed roadway wall to prevent water from flowing through. When there are protrusions on the roadway wall, the metal sheet can rebound to avoid being damaged.

[0034] In an embodiment of the present invention, in the space formed by the restricting structure for restricting liquids such as groundwater, etc., the lower part, especially the lower position, can beFigure 1 At the lowest point corresponding to the front shield 2 shown, a drainage device 5 for draining liquid can be provided, so that the accumulated liquid such as groundwater can be drained quickly, as much as possible and sufficiently, avoiding long-term accumulation and deepening the erosion of the skirt, and being disadvantageous to using the groundwater condition to avoid the sudden increase in the liquid accumulation volume in a short period of time and affecting the safety of the cutter head 1. For example, at the lowest part inside the front shield 2, a water pump is provided at the position where the water flows together. When the accumulated water reaches a certain depth, the water pump automatically starts to work and pumps out the water. In an embodiment as described above, a rubber water stop ring 3 is used in combination with the water pump to achieve the functions of automatically intercepting and draining water.

[0035] Including but not limited to the TBM downward construction shield water interception and drainage system with the above-mentioned technical solutions, it can be widely applied to the front shield 2 structure, the main machine and the whole machine equipment of the hard rock and soft soil TBM tunneling machine.

[0036] During the operation process, as Figure 1 shown, a water stop rubber ring (maximum water depth 0.5R) can be installed at the rear part of the lower one-third of the shield tail of the front shield. The rubber water stop ring is made of rubber and is firmly connected to the shield tail through bolts. An outward-bent metal sheet is arranged inside the water stop rubber ring to support the rubber ring to expand outwards and tightly adhere to the formed roadway wall to prevent water from flowing through. When there are protrusions on the roadway wall, the metal support sheet can rebound to avoid damage to the rubber ring. The outside of the water stop rubber ring is provided with a wear-resistant copper sheet as shown in Figure 2 c. When the radius of curvature of the reverse bend at the end part is 20 mm and the corresponding radian is 15π / 36, and the radius of curvature of the overlapping part between the curved return part 42 and the skirt is 25 mm and the corresponding radian is π / 4, the rubber ring can be prevented from being worn during the long-term operation process. Compared with the Figure 2 schemes a and b in, the maintenance cycle can be extended to more than 4 months on average, and the maintenance frequency of the cutter head is reduced by more than 80%, effectively extending the continuous operation cycle of the underground tunneling operation; a water pump is installed at the lowest part inside the shield tail shell; during the tunneling process of the tunneling machine, the groundwater reaches the shield tail rubber ring along the formed roadway and is blocked from flowing forward; when the water accumulates in the shield tail to the safe operation height of the water pump, such as 0.3R, the water pump starts to work to lower the water level; after the water level drops to the lowest operation height, the water pump stops running and waits for the accumulated water to continue to accumulate and then repeats the operation of lowering the water level.

[0037] For those skilled in the art, it is obvious that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-mentioned exemplary embodiments, and without departing from the spirit or basic characteristics of the present invention, the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms. Therefore, in any regard, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Therefore, it is intended to include all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims in the present invention.

[0038] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to embodiments, not every embodiment only contains an independent technical solution. This narrative way of the specification is only for clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A drainage system for the shield of TBM during downward construction, characterized in that, A water stop ring with at least elastic tension towards the outside of the ring is arranged on the lower side of the rear part of the front shield. The water stop ring has a connecting body and a continuous skirt connected to the connecting body. Along the circumferential direction of the front shield, the skirt is at least attached to the roadway wall during operation to restrict the liquid flow in the direction of the front part of the front shield.

2. The TBM descending construction shield water intercepting and drainage system according to claim 1, wherein, A wear-resistant structure is further arranged on the part of the skirt facing the roadway wall; and / or a support structure is further arranged on the part of the skirt facing away from the roadway wall.

3. The TBM downhole construction shield water intercepting and drainage system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circumferential length of the skirt is at least one-third of the outer circumference of the front shield.

4. The TBM downward construction shield water intercepting and drainage system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wear-resistant structure includes a cylinder arranged on the outer side of the skirt.

5. The TBM descending construction shield water interception and drainage system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The wear-resistant structure further includes a curved part. In the direction away from the front shield, the curved part is arranged on the side of the ring body away from the front shield. The curved part is a folded structure curved towards the skirt.

6. The TBM downhole construction shield water intercepting and drainage system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, A drainage device is further arranged at the lower part of the inner space of the water stop ring to discharge the accumulated liquid.

7. TBM shield structure, characterized in that, It at least includes a front shield and a TBM downward construction shield water intercepting and drainage system according to any one of claims 1-6 arranged on the front shield.

8. TBM mainframe, characterized in that, It includes a TBM shield structure according to claim 7.

9. TBM shield water intercepting and drainage equipment for mine roadway engineering, characterized in that It includes a TBM main machine according to claim 8.

10. The operation method of applying the TBM downhole construction shield water intercepting and drainage system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, It includes: a. Install a water stop ring at the rear part of the front shield; b. Install a drainage device in the shell restricted by the water stop ring; c. During the tunneling process of the TBM equipment, when the groundwater reaches the water stop ring along the formed roadway, the forward flow is blocked; d. When the water accumulates in the water stop ring to reach the operating height of the drainage device, the drainage starts; e. Stop operating after dropping to a certain height.

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