Intelligent agricultural platform based on big data and Internet of Things

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of smart agriculture, and provides a smart agriculture platform based on big data and Internet of Things, comprising an agricultural environment detection device; a data acquisition and transmission module; an intelligent decision module; the agricultural execution equipment comprises but is not limited to a fan, an insecticidal lamp, an irrigation system and a fertilization system, and the agricultural execution equipment performs automatic operation according to the instruction of the intelligent decision module; the display device is used for displaying the environment monitoring data, the intelligent decision result and the state information of the agricultural execution equipment in real time; the intelligent decision-making module comprises a machine learning algorithm and is used for predicting crop growth conditions and potential pest and disease damage risks according to historical data and current environment data and adjusting agricultural management strategies according to the crop growth conditions and the potential pest and disease damage risks. According to the intelligent agricultural platform, a machine learning algorithm is set in the intelligent decision-making module, and an agricultural management strategy can be adjusted and improved in time, so that the prediction and judgment capability of the intelligent agricultural platform is improved, and healthy growth of crops is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of smart agriculture, and particularly to a smart agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of information technology, the application of big data and Internet of Things technology in the agricultural field has gradually emerged. The Internet of Things technology can collect various agricultural-related data, including soil texture, acidity and alkalinity, moisture content, meteorological conditions, and crop physiological and ecological indicators, in real-time and continuously through a sensor network deployed throughout the farmland, providing a comprehensive and detailed information basis for agricultural production.

[0003] The invention patent with the publication number CN118411060B discloses a smart agriculture 5G platform system, including a remote monitoring module, a land division module, a data collection module, a growth calculation module, a value evaluation and crop recommendation module, a data analysis module, an automatic adjustment module, and a control monitoring and testing module. The remote monitoring module includes a camera for monitoring the land under the platform and obtaining video signals. The land division module plans and divides the land under the platform based on division conditions, sets labels, and establishes files according to the land labels. This smart agriculture 5G platform system of the invention can realize land area division, land data collection, related parameter adjustment, crop growth prediction, existing crop value evaluation and crop recommendation, and control monitoring data collection, making agricultural production management more intelligent, efficient, and sustainable, and improving the economic benefits of farmers.

[0004] In the above technical solution, in order to achieve agricultural intelligence, a data collection module for collecting land-related data is set up, and the growth state of crops is predicted by using a calculation module, a data analysis module, and an automatic adjustment module, and operation instructions are issued to relevant agricultural equipment. However, its prediction of crop growth is highly subjective and cannot be improved with the accumulation of crop cultivation experience, which is not conducive to improving the prediction ability of the agricultural platform. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention proposes a smart agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things, which can improve and adjust agricultural management strategies according to actual working conditions and enhance the prediction and judgment ability of this agricultural platform.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows: The present invention provides a smart agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things, including:

[0007] An agricultural environment detection device for real-time monitoring of pest situation, spores, meteorology, and soil moisture data in farmland;

[0008] A data collection and transmission module, which is used to receive data from the agricultural environment detection device and transmit the data to a remote server through communication technology;

[0009] An intelligent decision-making module, which is set on the remote server and is used to receive and analyze the data, and generate agricultural management decisions according to a preset algorithm;

[0010] Agricultural execution equipment, including but not limited to fans, insecticidal lamps, irrigation systems, and fertilization systems, and the agricultural execution equipment performs automated operations according to the instructions of the intelligent decision-making module;

[0011] A display device, which is used to display the environmental monitoring data, intelligent decision-making results, and status information of the agricultural execution equipment in real time;

[0012] Among them, the intelligent decision-making module includes a machine learning algorithm, which is used to predict the crop growth status and potential pest and disease risks according to historical data and current environmental data, and adjust agricultural management strategies accordingly.

[0013] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, in the intelligent decision-making module, the preset algorithm includes the following steps:

[0014] S1, data preprocessing: Clean the data, remove data with duplicates, missing values, or outliers, and convert data with different dimensions to the same scale for comparison and analysis;

[0015] S2, machine learning model selection: Use classification algorithms to predict the occurrence probability of pests and diseases, use regression algorithms to predict crop growth status, and use clustering algorithms to group similar farmlands or crop areas to formulate targeted management strategies;

[0016] S3, model training and verification: Divide historical data into training sets, validation sets, and test sets, use the training set data to train the machine learning model, use the validation set data to adjust the model parameters to avoid overfitting, and use the test set data to evaluate the model performance to ensure the accuracy and generalization ability of the model;

[0017] S4, decision generation and optimization: Preprocess and analyze the real-time collected environmental data, use the trained machine learning model for prediction, generate agricultural management decisions according to the prediction results, and continuously optimize the decision-making strategy in combination with historical decision-making effects and user feedback to improve agricultural production efficiency and yield.

[0018] Even more preferably, the intelligent decision-making module further includes a user interface, which allows users to customize monitoring parameters, warning thresholds, and agricultural management strategies.

[0019] Based on the above technical solutions, preferably, the irrigation system in the agricultural execution device includes a water purification device, a pumping device, and a sprinkler and drip irrigation device. The water in the reservoir flows into the farmland through the water purification device, the pumping device, and the sprinkler and drip irrigation device in sequence. Among them,

[0020] The water purification device includes a machine body, two limit rings, an annular filter screen, and a driving mechanism. An inlet is provided on the machine body; the two limit rings are relatively fixed inside the machine body; both ends of the annular filter screen are respectively sleeved on the two limit rings and are slidably connected to them, and the inlet is communicated with the inside of the annular filter screen; the driving mechanism includes a chain and a sprocket. The chain is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the annular filter screen; the sprocket is rotatably arranged on the machine body and meshes with the chain, and the sprocket abuts against the side of the chain away from the limit ring.

[0021] More preferably, the limit ring includes a lower U-shaped frame, an upper U-shaped frame, and a connecting rod. The lower U-shaped frame is fixedly arranged below the inside of the machine body; the upper U-shaped frame is fixedly arranged above the inside of the machine body and is relatively and spaced apart from the lower U-shaped frame; both ends of the connecting rod are respectively fixedly arranged between one end of the lower U-shaped frame and one end of the upper U-shaped frame. The length direction of the connecting rod is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the sprocket is located between the other end of the lower U-shaped frame and the other end of the upper U-shaped frame.

[0022] More preferably, the outer diameter of the lower U-shaped frame is larger than the outer diameter of the upper U-shaped frame. One end of the upper U-shaped frame away from the connecting rod is located between the two ends of the lower U-shaped frame; the sprocket is located between the lower U-shaped frame and the upper U-shaped frame near one end of the upper U-shaped frame.

[0023] More preferably, it further includes a collecting hopper and a backwashing mechanism. Among them,

[0024] The collecting hopper is fixedly arranged on the machine body and is located inside the annular filter screen;

[0025] The backwashing mechanism is arranged outside the annular filter screen and is used to spray water flow to blow the impurities on the inner wall of the annular filter screen into the collecting hopper;

[0026] The backwashing mechanism includes a water inlet pipe, a water spraying tank, and a connecting pipe. The water inlet pipe penetrates and is fixedly arranged on the machine body; a water spraying port is provided on one side of the water spraying tank close to the annular filter screen; both ends of the connecting pipe are respectively fixedly arranged on the water inlet pipe and the water spraying tank and are communicated with their interiors;

[0027] The driving mechanism further includes a rotating shaft. There are two chains and two sprockets, which correspond to each other one by one. The rotating shaft is fixedly arranged between the two sprockets and is coaxially arranged with them. The rotating shaft penetrates and rotates in a sealed manner on the water spraying tank.

[0028] More preferably, there are multiple groups of water spraying nozzles, and each group has multiple nozzles; the multiple groups of water spraying nozzles are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rotating shaft; the multiple nozzles in the same group are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the water spraying tank;

[0029] The backwashing mechanism further includes a flow limiting cylinder. The flow limiting cylinder is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft and is rotationally connected with the inner wall of the water spraying tank in a sealed manner; multiple groups of control holes are formed in the flow limiting cylinder. The multiple groups of control holes correspond to the multiple groups of water spraying nozzles one by one, and the control holes can communicate with one or more of the water spraying nozzles in the corresponding group.

[0030] More preferably, each group of the control holes includes an arc-shaped hole and two circular holes. The arc-shaped hole and the circular holes are both formed in the flow limiting cylinder. The span of the arc-shaped hole is not less than the span of the multiple water spraying nozzles in the same group. The distance between the two circular holes is less than the inner diameter of the water spraying nozzle, and the distances between the two circular holes and the arc-shaped hole are both equal to the span of the multiple water spraying nozzles in the same group;

[0031] The multiple groups of control holes are arranged in a spiral shape along the axial direction of the rotating shaft.

[0032] More preferably, the chain includes a plurality of chain plates and chain shafts. The plurality of chain plates enclose an annular structure; the chain shafts are rotatably arranged between two adjacent chain plates and are meshed with the sprockets;

[0033] The annular filter screen includes a plurality of fixed shafts, rollers, a plurality of hard plates, a plurality of soft plates and rake tooth rods. The fixed shafts are coaxially fixed on the chain shafts; the rollers are rotatably arranged on the fixed shafts and are in rolling connection with the limiting ring; the hard plates are fixedly arranged between two fixed shafts connected to the same chain plate. Filter holes are formed in the hard plates, and the plurality of hard plates are arranged at intervals; the soft plates are fixedly arranged between two adjacent hard plates. The plurality of soft plates and the plurality of hard plates are arranged alternately and enclose an annular structure together; the rake tooth rods are fixedly arranged on the side of the hard plate away from the machine body.

[0034] The intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0035] (1) By setting machine learning algorithms in the intelligent decision-making module, the agricultural management strategies can be adjusted and improved in a timely manner, thereby improving the prediction and judgment ability of this intelligent agriculture platform and ensuring the healthy growth of crops;

[0036] (2) By arranging both the chain and the sprocket on the outer side of the annular filter screen, interference between the impurities inside the annular filter screen and the driving mechanism can be avoided. By having the sprocket hold the chain, the chain can be kept in a taut state, thus ensuring the normal operation of the water purification device;

[0037] (3) By providing a flow-limiting cylinder and arranging arc-shaped holes and round holes on the flow-limiting cylinder, the spraying direction and spraying pressure of the backwashing medium can be adjusted in coordination with the operation of the driving mechanism, improving the washing effect of the backwashing mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following-described drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0039] Figure 1 It is a system block diagram of the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of the preset algorithm in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional view of the water purification device in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the water purification device in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 5 It is a side view of the limit ring in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional view of the driving mechanism in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 7 It is a side view of the backwashing mechanism in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional view of the spray water tank in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 9Stereogram of the flow-limiting cylinder in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 10 Cross-sectional view of the flow-limiting cylinder when the water purification device is in the first state in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 11 Cross-sectional view of the flow-limiting cylinder when the water purification device is in the second state in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 12 Cross-sectional view of the flow-limiting cylinder when the water purification device is in the third state in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 13 Cross-sectional view of the flow-limiting cylinder when the water purification device is in the fourth state in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 14 Cross-sectional view of the flow-limiting cylinder when the water purification device is in the fifth state in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 15 Stereogram of the chain in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 16 Stereogram of the hard plate and the soft plate in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 17 Cross-sectional view of the soft plate in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 18 Top view of the usage state of the water purification device in the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention.

[0057] Wherein: 1. Machine body; 101. Water inlet; 2. Limiting ring; 21. Lower U-shaped frame; 22. Upper U-shaped frame; 23. Connecting rod; 3. Annular filter; 31. Fixed shaft; 32. Roller; 33. Hard plate; 34. Soft plate; 35. Rake tooth rod; 301. Filter hole; 4. Driving mechanism; 41. Chain; 411. Chain plate; 412. Chain shaft; 42. Sprocket; 43. Rotating shaft; 5. Aggregate hopper; 6. Backwashing mechanism; 61. Water inlet pipe; 62. Spray water tank; 63. Connecting pipe; 64. Flow-limiting cylinder; 601. Water spray port; 602. Control hole; 6021. Arc-shaped hole; 6022. Round hole. Detailed implementation manner

[0058] Next, in combination with the specific embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0059] As Figure 1 shown, the intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things of the present invention includes: an agricultural environment detection device, a data collection and transmission module, an intelligent decision-making module, agricultural execution equipment, and a display device.

[0060] The agricultural environment detection device is used to monitor the pest situation, spores, meteorology, and soil moisture data in the farmland in real time. The data from the agricultural environment detection device is received by the data collection and transmission module, and the data is transmitted to the remote server through communication technology. The intelligent decision-making module is set on the remote server, which analyzes the received data and generates agricultural management decisions according to the preset algorithm, so that the agricultural execution equipment performs automated operations according to the instructions of the intelligent decision-making module. Its automated operations include a fan, an insecticidal lamp, an irrigation system, a fertilization system, etc.

[0061] The intelligent decision-making module includes a machine learning algorithm. The machine learning algorithm predicts the crop growth status and potential pest and disease risks based on historical data and current environmental data, and accordingly improves and adjusts the agricultural management strategy to make the agricultural management strategy more reasonable.

[0062] The steps of the preset algorithm include: S1, data preprocessing: cleaning the data, removing data with duplicates, missing values, or outliers, and converting data with different dimensions into the same scale for comparison and analysis; S2, machine learning model selection: using classification algorithms such as logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), and random forest to predict the occurrence probability of pests and diseases, using regression algorithms such as linear regression, decision tree regression, and gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT) to predict the crop growth status, and using clustering algorithms such as K-means clustering and DBSCAN to group similar farmlands or crop areas for formulating targeted management strategies; S3, model training and verification: dividing the historical data into a training set, a validation set, and a test set, using the training set data to train the machine learning model, using the validation set data to adjust the model parameters to avoid overfitting, and using the test set data to evaluate the model performance to ensure the accuracy and generalization ability of the model; S4, decision generation and optimization: preprocessing and analyzing the real-time collected environmental data, using the trained machine learning model for prediction, generating agricultural management decisions according to the prediction results, and continuously optimizing the decision-making strategy in combination with historical decision-making effects and user feedback to improve agricultural production efficiency and yield.

[0063] The intelligent decision-making module also includes a user interface, in which users are allowed to customize monitoring parameters, warning thresholds, and agricultural management strategies, so as to make the agricultural management strategy more adaptable to the growth of crops and ensure the accuracy of the prediction and judgment capabilities of this agricultural platform.

[0064] A display device, preferably a touch screen, is used to display environmental monitoring data, intelligent decision-making results, and status information of agricultural execution equipment in real time, and facilitate users to customize relevant data.

[0065] The irrigation water is usually the stored water in the reservoir. However, there will be impurities and silt in the stored water in the reservoir, which will damage the pumping equipment, sprinkler and drip irrigation equipment, and farmland. Therefore, the irrigation system in the agricultural execution equipment is set to include a water purification equipment, a pumping equipment, and a sprinkler and drip irrigation equipment. As Figure 18 shown, a ditch is opened on one side of the reservoir, and the water purification equipment is installed in this ditch, so that the water in the reservoir flows through the water purification equipment, the pumping equipment, and the sprinkler and drip irrigation equipment in sequence and then flows into the farmland to realize the irrigation of the farmland.

[0066] The water purification equipment includes a body 1, two limit rings 2, an annular filter screen 3, a driving mechanism 4, a collecting hopper 5, and a backwashing mechanism 6, which is used to filter out impurities in the water in the reservoir, so as to protect the water purification equipment, the pumping equipment, the sprinkler and drip irrigation equipment, and the farmland.

[0067] The body 1 is composed of a cuboid frame structure and multiple plates. The annular filter screen 3 is arranged inside the body 1. The two ends of the annular filter screen 3 are blocked by the peripheral side of the body 1, but the peripheral side of the annular filter screen 3 is not blocked. An inlet 101 is opened on the peripheral side of the body 1, and the inlet 101 is communicated with the inside of the annular filter screen 3. When the sewage in the reservoir flows into the inside of the annular filter screen 3 from the inlet 101, the impurities in the sewage are blocked by the annular filter screen 3, and the clean water body passes through the annular filter screen 3 and flows into the pumping equipment.

[0068] The two limit rings 2 are relatively fixed on two opposite side walls inside the body 1. The two ends of the annular filter screen 3 are respectively sleeved outside the two limit rings 2. The driving mechanism 4 drives the annular filter screen 3 to slide with the limit rings 2, so that the annular filter screen 3 rotates. The sewage in the body 1 submerges the lower half of the annular filter screen 3, so that the position of the annular filter screen 3 that rotates to the lower part blocks the impurities in the sewage, while the position of the annular filter screen 3 that rotates to the upper part can be cleaned in real time.

[0069] The collecting hopper 5 is fixedly arranged on the body 1 and is located inside the annular filter screen 3. The backwashing mechanism 6 is arranged outside the annular filter screen 3 and is used to spray water. After the water is sprayed to the outside of the annular filter screen 3, the impurities on the inner wall of the annular filter screen 3 will be blown into the collecting hopper 5, and then the conveying device in the collecting hopper 5 is used to centrally process the impurities and flow back to the reservoir together.

[0070] As a preferred embodiment, the driving mechanism 4 includes a chain 41 and a sprocket 42. The chain 41 is fixedly arranged on the annular filter screen 3. The sprocket 42 is rotatably arranged on the machine body 1 and meshes with the chain 41. After the sprocket 42 is fixedly connected to the output end of a driving device such as a speed reducer, by using the driving of the speed reducer on the sprocket 42 and the meshing of the sprocket 42 with the chain 41, the annular filter screen 3 can be driven to rotate.

[0071] Since the sewage first flows into the inside of the annular filter screen 3 for filtration and the impurities are isolated on the inner wall of the annular filter screen 3, in order to prevent the impurities on the inner wall of the annular filter screen 3 from detaching and interfering with the driving mechanism 4, as Figure 4 shown, the chain 41 is arranged on the outside of the annular filter screen 3, and the sprocket 42 abuts against the side of the chain 41 away from the limit ring 2, so as to prevent the driving mechanism 4 from contacting the impurities in the annular filter screen 3, which helps to ensure the normal operation of the driving mechanism 4 and extend the service life of the driving mechanism 4.

[0072] The limit ring 2 includes a lower U-shaped frame 21, an upper U-shaped frame 22 and a connecting rod 23. The lower U-shaped frame 21 is fixedly arranged below inside the machine body 1, and the upper U-shaped frame 22 is fixedly arranged above inside the machine body 1 and is opposite and spaced from the lower U-shaped frame 21. Two ends of the connecting rod 23 are respectively fixedly arranged between one end of the lower U-shaped frame 21 and one end of the upper U-shaped frame 22, that is, the limit ring 2 is enclosed to form a C-shaped structure, and the sprocket 42 is located between one end of the lower U-shaped frame 21 away from the connecting rod 23 and one end of the upper U-shaped frame 22 away from the connecting rod 23. The position on the chain 41 that abuts against the sprocket 42 will not be abutted by the limit ring 2, so that the sprocket 42 can tighten the chain 41, achieving the effects of preventing the annular filter screen 3 from loosening and improving the moving stability of the annular filter screen 3.

[0073] The outer diameter of the lower U-shaped frame 21 is larger than that of the upper U-shaped frame 22. One end of the upper U-shaped frame 22 away from the connecting rod 23 is located at the position between the two ends of the lower U-shaped frame 21. The sprocket 42 is located between the lower U-shaped frame 21 and the upper U-shaped frame 22 and close to one end of the upper U-shaped frame 22. As Figure 4 and Figure 5 shown, by using this structural design, not only can a region be vacated above inside the machine body 1 for installing the backwashing mechanism 6 and the driving mechanism 4 to optimize the layout of each component inside the machine body 1, but also the chain 41 at the backwashing mechanism 6 can be arranged in an inclined shape, so that the impurities can more easily detach from the inner wall of the annular filter screen 3, thereby accelerating the efficiency of the impurities entering the aggregate hopper 5 and improving the cleaning efficiency and filtration efficiency of the annular filter screen 3.

[0074] Preferably, the length direction of the connecting rod 23 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, that is, the annular filter screen 3 at the connecting rod 23 is arranged vertically, so as to ensure the uniformity of water flow and improve its filtration effect.

[0075] To maintain the moving stability of the annular filter screen 3, it is preferably to provide two chains 41 and two sprockets 42. The two chains 41 and the two sprockets 42 correspond to each other one by one and are respectively located at both ends of the annular filter screen 3. At the same time, a rotating shaft 43 is provided in the driving mechanism 4. The rotating shaft 43 is fixedly arranged between the two sprockets 42 and is coaxially arranged with the two sprockets 42. The rotating shaft 43 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of a driving device such as a speed reducer, so that the speed reducer can drive the two sprockets 42 to rotate synchronously.

[0076] The backwashing mechanism 6 includes a water inlet pipe 61, a water spraying tank 62, a connecting pipe 63 and a current-limiting cylinder 64. The water inlet pipe 61 penetrates and is fixedly arranged on the machine body 1. The water spraying tank 62 is arranged inside the machine body 1. Both ends of the connecting pipe 63 are fixedly arranged on the water inlet pipe 61 and the water spraying tank 62 respectively, and the inside of the connecting pipe 63 is communicated with the inside of the water inlet pipe 61 and the inside of the water spraying tank 62. A water spraying port 601 is opened on one side of the water spraying tank 62 close to the annular filter screen 3. After the backwashing medium is input into the device and communicated with the water inlet pipe 61, the backwashing medium is injected into the water inlet pipe 61, flows into the water spraying tank 62 along the connecting pipe 63, and then sprays out along the water spraying port 601 to wash the outer wall of the annular filter screen 3, so that the impurities on the inner wall of the annular filter screen 3 are separated from the annular filter screen 3 and enter the aggregate hopper 5.

[0077] As Figure 8 shown, in order to improve the backwashing effect of the backwashing medium, multiple groups of water spraying ports 601 are provided. Each group has multiple water spraying ports 601. The multiple groups of water spraying ports 601 are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 43, and the multiple water spraying ports 601 in the same group are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the water spraying tank 62, so as to expand the scouring range of the backwashing medium.

[0078] When backwashing the annular filter screen 3, in order to improve its backwashing effect, the backwashing medium can also scour the annular filter screen 3 unevenly in a way that the injection pressure changes in real time or the injection direction changes in real time. For this purpose, the rotating shaft 43 penetrates and rotates in a sealed manner on the water spraying tank 62. The current-limiting cylinder 64 is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft 43 and is in sealed rotational connection with the inner wall of the water spraying tank 62. Multiple groups of control holes 602 are opened on the current-limiting cylinder 64. The multiple groups of control holes 602 correspond to the multiple groups of water spraying ports 601 one by one, and the control holes 602 can be communicated with one or more of the water spraying ports 601 in a corresponding group. When the current-limiting cylinder 64 rotates synchronously with the rotating shaft 43, some of the water spraying ports 601 can be selectively blocked to make the backwashing medium spray unevenly and strengthen the washing effect of the backwashing mechanism 6.

[0079] As Figure 9As shown, each group of control holes 602 includes an arc-shaped hole 6021 and two circular holes 6022. The cross-section of the arc-shaped hole 6021 is oblong, and the cross-section of the circular hole 6022 is circular. Both the arc-shaped hole 6021 and the circular holes 6022 are formed on the flow-limiting cylinder 64. Figures 9 - 12 They respectively represent five states when the flow-limiting cylinder 64 rotates. Assume that the span of the arc-shaped hole 6021 is a, the distances between the two circular holes 6022 and the arc-shaped hole 6021 are b1 and b2 respectively, the distance between the two circular holes 6022 is c, the span of multiple spray nozzles 601 in the same group is m, and the inner diameters of the spray nozzle 601 and the circular holes 6022 are both n. The following elaborates on the influence of the five states of the flow-limiting cylinder 64 on the backwashing medium.

[0080] When the flow-limiting cylinder 64 is in Figure 10 the position shown, only the first spray nozzle 601 from top to bottom is connected to the inside of the flow-limiting cylinder 64, so that the backwashing medium can only be ejected along this spray nozzle 601. When the flow-limiting cylinder 64 rotates clockwise, multiple spray nozzles 601 below can be sequentially connected to the inside of the flow-limiting cylinder 64 one by one, achieving the effect of ejecting the backwashing medium from multiple spray nozzles 601 one by one to change the ejection direction of the backwashing medium. Since there are two circular holes 6022, when c < n, as Figure 10 and Figure 11 shown, when the position where the lower circular hole 6022 is connected to the first spray nozzle 601 from top to bottom rotates to a position where it is not connected to this spray nozzle 601, because the distance between the two circular holes 6022 is less than the inner diameter of the spray nozzle 601, before the lower circular hole 6022 is connected to the second spray nozzle 601 from top to bottom, the upper circular hole 6022 will be connected to the first spray nozzle 601 from top to bottom, thus avoiding the problem that the backwashing medium cannot be ejected during this process; at the same time, during this process, the two circular holes 6022 are respectively connected to multiple spray nozzles 601 one by one, and the inner diameters of the channels connecting them to multiple spray nozzles 601 are also changing in real time. Therefore, this structural design also changes the ejection pressure of the backwashing medium.

[0081] Since the cross-section of the arc-shaped hole 6021 is oblong, when a ≥ m, when the flow-limiting cylinder 64 rotates clockwise from the position shown in Figure 12 to the position shown in Figure 13 it can first connect the first spray nozzle 601 from top to bottom to the inside of the flow-limiting cylinder 64, then connect the two spray nozzles 601 above to the inside of the flow-limiting cylinder 64, then connect the three spray nozzles 601 above to the inside of the flow-limiting cylinder 64, until all four spray nozzles 601 are connected to the inside of the flow-limiting cylinder 64. During this process, the flow-limiting cylinder 64 not only changes the ejection direction of the backwashing medium but also changes the ejection pressure of the backwashing medium.

[0082] When b1 = b2 = m, as Figure 12 shown, the two round holes 6022 are not in communication with the water spray nozzle 601. Continuing to rotate the flow-limiting cylinder 64 clockwise can make the arc-shaped hole 6021 communicate with the water spray nozzle 601, as Figure 14 shown. When the arc-shaped hole 6021 is not in communication with the water spray nozzle 601, continuing to rotate the flow-limiting cylinder 64 clockwise can make the round hole 6022 communicate with the water spray nozzle 601, thus avoiding the problem that the backwashing medium cannot be sprayed during this process and ensuring the flushing effect of the backwashing mechanism 6.

[0083] Multiple groups of control holes 602 can be arranged parallel and spaced along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 43, or can be arranged spirally along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 43. As Figure 9 shown, by using the spiral distribution mode of multiple groups of control holes 602, as the rotating shaft 43 drives the flow-limiting cylinder 64 to rotate, the backwashing medium can be ejected more unevenly, thereby enhancing the flushing effect of the backwashing mechanism 6.

[0084] As Figure 15 shown, the chain 41 includes multiple chain plates 411 and chain shafts 412. The multiple chain plates 411 are connected end to end in sequence and enclose a ring structure. The chain shafts 412 are rotatably arranged between two adjacent chain plates 411 and are meshed with the sprocket 42. Two chain shafts 412 are arranged on each chain plate 411.

[0085] As Figure 15 shown, the annular filter screen 3 includes multiple fixed shafts 31, rollers 32, multiple hard plates 33, multiple soft plates 34 and multiple rake teeth rods 35. The fixed shafts 31 are coaxially fixed on the chain shafts 412. The rollers 32 are rotatably arranged on the fixed shafts 31 and are in rolling connection with the limiting ring 2. By using the rolling cooperation between the rollers 32 and the limiting ring 2, the movement of the annular filter screen 3 is made more stable.

[0086] As Figure 15 and Figure 16 shown, the hard plates 33 are fixedly arranged between two fixed shafts 31 connected to the same chain plate 411. Filter holes 301 are formed in the hard plates 33, and the multiple hard plates 33 are arranged at intervals. The soft plates 34 are fixedly arranged between two adjacent hard plates 33. The multiple soft plates 34 and the multiple hard plates 33 are arranged alternately and enclose a ring structure. The hard plates 33 can be made of metal materials, and the soft plates 34 can be made of flexible plastic or rubber materials. This combination of hard and soft can not only ensure that the filter holes 301 will not be stretched or shrunk, strengthen the fixing firmness between the hard plates 33 and the fixed shafts 31, but also avoid problems such as tearing due to the bending of the annular filter screen 3 during the rotary movement, thereby maintaining the filtering quality of the device.

[0087] As Figure 17As shown, the hard board 33 and the flexible board 34 are preferably connected by snap connection. The rake tooth rod 35 is fixedly arranged on the side of the hard board 33 away from the machine body 1. Preferably, the fixed position of the rake tooth rod 35 is located at the snap connection position of the hard board 33 and the flexible board 34, and rivets are used to reinforce the three. This not only ensures that the rake tooth rod 35 does not shake during movement but also can enhance the connection strength between the hard board 33 and the flexible board 34.

[0088] The working principle of the water purification device is as follows: The operation of the water purification device is controlled by the agricultural management decision-making. When the sewage in the reservoir flows into the inside of the annular filter screen 3 from the water inlet 101, the impurities in the sewage are blocked by the filter holes 301, and the purified water body passes through the filter holes 301 and flows out to the outside of the device to enter the subsequent process. At the same time, with the cooperation of the driving device and the driving mechanism 4, the annular filter screen 3 can be driven to rotate. At this time, by introducing the backwashing medium into the water inlet pipe 61, the backwashing medium can be ejected from the water spraying port 601, and the ejected backwashing medium can blow the impurities on the inner wall of the annular filter screen 3 into the aggregate hopper 5 to flow back into the reservoir. During this period, since the rotating shaft 43 drives the flow-limiting cylinder 64 to rotate at the same time, the spraying pressure and spraying direction of the backwashing medium can be adjusted in real time to enhance the washing effect of the backwashing mechanism 6. The purified water body is then irrigated to the crops in the farmland through the pumping equipment and the sprinkler and drip irrigation equipment. Of course, the operation of the pumping equipment and the sprinkler and drip irrigation equipment is also controlled by the agricultural management decision-making.

[0089] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A smart agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things, characterized in that, Comprising: An agricultural environment detection device for real-time monitoring of pest conditions, spores, meteorological conditions, and soil moisture data in farmland; A data acquisition and transmission module for receiving data from the agricultural environment detection device and transmitting the data to a remote server through communication technology; An intelligent decision-making module disposed on the remote server for receiving and analyzing the data and generating agricultural management decisions according to a preset algorithm; Agricultural execution equipment including, but not limited to, a fan, an insecticidal lamp, an irrigation system, and a fertilization system, and the agricultural execution equipment performs automated operations according to the instructions of the intelligent decision-making module; A display device for real-time displaying the environmental monitoring data, the intelligent decision-making results, and the status information of the agricultural execution equipment; Wherein, the intelligent decision-making module includes a machine learning algorithm for predicting the crop growth status and potential pest and disease risks according to historical data and current environmental data, and adjusting the agricultural management strategy accordingly.

2. The smart agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the intelligent decision-making module, the preset algorithm includes the following steps: S1, Data preprocessing: Cleaning the data, removing data with duplicates, missing values, or outliers, and converting data with different dimensions to the same scale for comparison and analysis; S2, Machine learning model selection: Using a classification algorithm to predict the occurrence probability of pests and diseases, using a regression algorithm to predict the crop growth status, and using a clustering algorithm to group similar farmlands or crop areas for formulating targeted management strategies; S3, Model training and verification: Dividing the historical data into a training set, a validation set, and a test set, using the training set data to train the machine learning model, using the validation set data to adjust the model parameters to avoid overfitting, and using the test set data to evaluate the model performance to ensure the accuracy and generalization ability of the model; S4, Decision generation and optimization: Preprocessing and analyzing the real-time collected environmental data, using the trained machine learning model for prediction, generating agricultural management decisions according to the prediction results, and continuously optimizing the decision-making strategy in combination with historical decision-making effects and user feedback to improve agricultural production efficiency and yield.

3. The intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent decision-making module further includes a user interface that allows users to customize monitoring parameters, warning thresholds, and agricultural management strategies.

4. The intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation system in the agricultural execution equipment includes a water purification device, a pumping device, and a sprinkler and drip irrigation device, and the water body in the reservoir flows into the farmland through the water purification device, the pumping device, and the sprinkler and drip irrigation device in sequence. Among them, The water purification device includes a body (1), two limit rings (2), an annular filter screen (3) and a driving mechanism (4). An inlet (101) is formed on the body (1); the two limit rings (2) are relatively fixed inside the body (1); both ends of the annular filter screen (3) are sleeved on the two limit rings (2) respectively and are slidably connected thereto, and the inlet (101) is communicated with the inside of the annular filter screen (3); the driving mechanism (4) includes a chain (41) and a sprocket (42), the chain (41) is fixedly arranged on the outer side of the annular filter screen (3); the sprocket (42) is rotatably arranged on the body (1) and meshes with the chain (41), and the sprocket (42) abuts against the side of the chain (41) far away from the limit ring (2).

5. The intelligent agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things according to claim 4, characterized in that: The limit ring (2) includes a lower U-shaped frame (21), an upper U-shaped frame (22) and a connecting rod (23). The lower U-shaped frame (21) is fixedly arranged below inside the body (1); the upper U-shaped frame (22) is fixedly arranged above inside the body (1) and is opposite and spaced from the lower U-shaped frame (21); both ends of the connecting rod (23) are fixedly arranged between one end of the lower U-shaped frame (21) and one end of the upper U-shaped frame (22), the length direction of the connecting rod (23) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the sprocket (42) is located between the other end of the lower U-shaped frame (21) and the other end of the upper U-shaped frame (22).

6. The smart agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the lower U-shaped frame (21) is larger than that of the upper U-shaped frame (22), and one end of the upper U-shaped frame (22) far away from the connecting rod (23) is located between the two ends of the lower U-shaped frame (21); the sprocket (42) is located between the lower U-shaped frame (21) and the upper U-shaped frame (22) near one end of the upper U-shaped frame (22).

7. The smart agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things according to claim 4, characterized in that: It further includes an aggregate hopper (5) and a backwashing mechanism (6), wherein the aggregate hopper (5) is fixedly arranged on the body (1) and is located inside the annular filter screen (3); the backwashing mechanism (6) is arranged outside the annular filter screen (3) and is used for spraying water flow to blow the impurities on the inner wall of the annular filter screen (3) into the aggregate hopper (5); the backwashing mechanism (6) includes a water inlet pipe (61), a water spraying tank (62) and a connecting pipe (63). The water inlet pipe (61) penetrates and is fixedly arranged on the body (1); a water spraying port (601) is formed on one side of the water spraying tank (62) close to the annular filter screen (3); both ends of the connecting pipe (63) are fixedly arranged on the water inlet pipe (61) and the water spraying tank (62) respectively and are communicated with their interiors; the driving mechanism (4) further includes a rotating shaft (43). There are two chains (41) and two sprockets (42) respectively, and they are in one-to-one correspondence. The rotating shaft (43) is fixedly arranged between the two sprockets (42) and is coaxially arranged with them. The rotating shaft (43) penetrates and is rotationally sealed on the water spraying tank (62).

8. The smart agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things according to claim 7, characterized in that: The water spraying ports (601) are provided in multiple groups, each group having multiple ports; the multiple groups of water spraying ports (601) are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rotating shaft (43); the multiple water spraying ports (601) in the same group are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the water spraying box (62); The backwash mechanism (6) further comprises a flow limiting cylinder (64), which is fixedly arranged on the rotating shaft (43) and is sealed and rotatably connected to the inner wall of the water spray box (62); the flow limiting cylinder (64) is provided with a plurality of control holes (602), the plurality of control holes (602) corresponding one-to-one to the plurality of water spray outlets (601), and the control holes (602) can be connected to one or more of the water spray outlets (601) in the corresponding group.

9. The smart agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things according to claim 8, characterized in that: Each group of control holes (602) includes an arc-shaped hole (6021) and two circular holes (6022); the arc-shaped hole (6021) and the circular holes (6022) are both provided on the flow-limiting cylinder (64); the span of the arc-shaped hole (6021) is not less than the span of the plurality of water spraying ports (601) in the same group; the distance between the two circular holes (6022) is less than the inner diameter of the water spraying ports (601); and the distance between the two circular holes (6022) and the arc-shaped hole (6021) is equal to the span of the plurality of water spraying ports (601) in the same group; A plurality of groups of control holes (602) are spirally arranged along the axial direction of the rotating shaft (43).

10. The smart agriculture platform based on big data and the Internet of Things according to claim 4, characterized in that: The chain (41) includes a plurality of chain plates (411) and a chain shaft (412), wherein the plurality of chain plates (411) enclose a ring structure; the chain shaft (412) is rotatably disposed between two adjacent chain plates (411) and meshes with the sprocket (42); The annular filter screen (3) comprises a plurality of fixed shafts (31), a roller (32), a plurality of hard plates (33), a plurality of soft plates (34) and a rake tooth rod (35), wherein the fixed shaft (31) is coaxially fixed on the chain shaft (412); the roller (32) is rotatably arranged on the fixed shaft (31) and is rollingly connected to the limit ring (2); the hard plate (33) is fixedly arranged between two fixed shafts (31) connected to the same chain plate (411), a filtering hole (301) is opened on the hard plate (33), and a plurality of the hard plates (33) are arranged at intervals; the soft plate (34) is fixedly arranged between two adjacent hard plates (33), and a plurality of the soft plates (34) and the plurality of the hard plates (33) are alternately arranged and enclosed with the hard plates (33) to form an annular structure; the rake tooth rod (35) is fixedly arranged on the side of the hard plate (33) away from the machine body (1).

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