Composite material structure battery based on dot matrix sandwich layer and preparation method of composite material structure battery

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, and discloses a composite material structure battery based on a dot matrix sandwich layer and a preparation method thereof. The composite material structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer comprises a top plate and a bottom plate, the dot matrix sandwich layer and the electrochemical energy storage layer are arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate; the lattice sandwich layer is embedded in the electrochemical energy storage layer, and the lattice sandwich layer has bearing capacity. The dot matrix sandwich layer is embedded in the electrochemical energy storage layer, the characteristics of light weight and high strength of the dot matrix sandwich layer are fully utilized, effective internal support is provided for the composite material structure battery based on the dot matrix sandwich layer, and by combining the arrangement of the top plate and the bottom plate, the energy storage efficiency is improved. Therefore, the composite material structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer can simultaneously have the effects of structure bearing, weight reduction and system structure stability improvement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly to a composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] By integrating the energy storage function with the load-bearing structure, structural batteries provide an innovative solution to address the weight and space limitations of traditional energy systems. Their core advantages lie in the dual improvement of lightweight and energy efficiency. For example, when electric vehicles use carbon fiber structural batteries as body components, they can reduce weight by up to 30%, significantly extend the driving range, and at the same time reduce the redundant design of independent battery installation. This technology breaks through the single role of traditional batteries as only energy carriers, enabling the device body to combine the functions of a skeleton and a power source, and is particularly suitable for fields that are extremely sensitive to weight, such as aerospace and portable electronic devices.

[0003] To demonstrate the benefits brought by composite material structure batteries, the structural stiffness efficiency Ω SE , the structural strength efficiency Ω Sσ and the energy storage efficiency Ω Eω are respectively defined.

[0004] Ω SE = E CSB ÷ E CS (1)

[0005] Ω Sσ = [σ CSB ÷ [σ CS (2)

[0006] Ω Eω = ω CSB ÷ ω B (3)

[0007] Among them, E CSB , E CS respectively represent the stiffness of the composite material structure battery and the stiffness characteristics of the conventional composite material structure, including tensile and compressive moduli, shear modulus, etc.; [σ CSB , [σ CS respectively represent the allowable values of the composite material structure battery and the conventional composite material structure, including allowable stress, allowable strain, etc.; ω CSB , ω B are the energy storage densities of the composite material structure battery and the conventional lithium battery respectively.

[0008] Currently, all technical solutions of structural batteries are based on the balance between electrochemical performance (energy density) and mechanical performance (bending strength and bending stiffness). The structural stiffness efficiency and the structural strength efficiency are each about 60%. It can be seen that the structural efficiency of existing structural batteries is not high. Therefore, the existing technology still needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer and its preparation method, aiming to solve the problem of low structural efficiency of existing structural batteries.

[0010] The technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0011] In the first aspect of this application, a composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer is provided, including:

[0012] A top plate and a bottom plate; a lattice sandwich layer and an electrochemical energy storage layer arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate; wherein, the lattice sandwich layer is embedded in the electrochemical energy storage layer, and the lattice sandwich layer has a load-bearing capacity.

[0013] Optionally, the top plate and the bottom plate include fiber boards.

[0014] Optionally, the material of the fiber board includes at least one of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, polylactic acid, nylon, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer.

[0015] Optionally, the lattice sandwich layer includes a number of unit cell struts embedded in the electrochemical energy storage layer in a lattice pattern; each unit cell strut includes a strut body and an insulating layer coated on the surface of the strut body.

[0016] Optionally, the structure of the strut body includes at least one of a tetrahedron, a cuboid, and a pentahedron.

[0017] Optionally, the electrochemical energy storage layer includes a positive electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode layer stacked in sequence.

[0018] Optionally, a positive electrode pin is provided on the positive electrode layer, and a negative electrode pin is provided on the negative electrode layer.

[0019] In the second aspect of this application, a preparation method of the composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer in the first aspect of this application is provided, including the steps of: making a number of first holes in the electrochemical energy storage layer to obtain a perforated electrochemical energy storage layer, where the first holes are used for the lattice sandwich layer to penetrate through the electrochemical energy storage layer; threading the lattice sandwich layer through the first holes; fixedly connecting one side of the electrochemical energy storage layer to the bottom plate and the other side to the top plate to obtain the composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer.

[0020] Optionally, the preparation method further includes the steps of making a plurality of second holes on the bottom plate, the second holes being correspondingly arranged with the side of the first hole close to the bottom plate, and making a plurality of third holes on the top plate, the third holes being correspondingly arranged with the side of the first hole close to the top plate.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0022] In the composite material structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer of the present application, by embedding the lattice sandwich layer in the electrochemical energy storage layer and utilizing the characteristics of light weight and high strength of the lattice sandwich layer, effective internal support is provided for the composite material structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer. Combining the settings of the top plate and the bottom plate, the composite material structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer can simultaneously achieve the effects of structural load bearing, weight reduction, and improvement of system structural stability, and has wide application value in the field of lightweight of structural parts such as engine covers / doors / roofs of new energy vehicles, aircraft wing skins, UAV bodies, robot arm casings, and unmanned ship hulls. Description of the Drawings

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a bottom plate provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a pillar monomer provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a unit cell pillar provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Reference numerals in the drawings: 1, top plate; 2, electrochemical energy storage layer; 21, first hole; 3, lattice sandwich layer; 31, top surface; 32, first side surface; 33, second side surface; 34, bottom surface; 4, bottom plate. Detailed Embodiments

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application in combination with the accompanying drawings and embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, rather than all of them. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of this application. Without conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other.

[0030] It should be noted that if there are descriptions involving "first", "second", etc. in the implementation of this application, such "first", "second", etc. descriptions are only for descriptive purposes and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance and implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. Additionally, the technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the ability of those of ordinary skill in the art to implement. When the combination of technical solutions results in contradictions or inability to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by this application.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 , an embodiment of this application provides a composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer, including a top plate 1, an electrochemical energy storage layer 2, a lattice sandwich layer 3, and a bottom plate 4. Among them, the electrochemical energy storage layer 2 and the lattice sandwich layer 3 are arranged between the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 4, and the lattice sandwich layer 3 is embedded in the electrochemical energy storage layer 2. The lattice sandwich layer 3 has a load-bearing capacity in the direction perpendicular to the top plate 1 (Z-axis direction). By providing effective internal support for the composite material structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer through the lattice sandwich layer 3, combined with the settings of the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 4, the composite material structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer can simultaneously achieve the effects of structural load-bearing, weight reduction, and improvement of system structural stability.

[0032] In some embodiments, the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 4 include fiber sheets. Preferably, the fiber sheets include at least one of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, polylactic acid (PLA), nylon, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS). Further, an insulating layer is laid on one layer of the top plate 1 and the bottom plate 4 close to the electrochemical energy storage layer 2.

[0033] The lattice sandwich layer 3 is an advanced composite material design that achieves lightweight and high strength through periodically arranged microstructures. Compared with general composite material components, the composite material with a lattice sandwich layer simultaneously has microscopic components, mesoscopic rods, and macroscopic configurations, and has characteristics such as multi-material, cross-scale, and multi-functional integration.

[0034] In some embodiments, the lattice sandwich layer 3 includes a number of unit cell struts embedded in it in a lattice pattern; the unit cell struts include a strut body and an insulating layer coated on the surface of the strut body. Preferably, the structure of the strut body includes at least one of a tetrahedron, a cuboid, and a pentahedron.

[0035] In some embodiments, the material of the lattice sandwich layer includes polyetheretherketone (PEEK).

[0036] In some embodiments, the electrochemical energy storage layer 2 can be selected from a lithium-ion battery energy storage layer, a sodium-ion battery energy storage layer, a potassium-ion battery energy storage layer, a magnesium-ion battery energy storage layer, an aluminum-ion battery energy storage layer, or a zinc-ion battery energy storage layer, etc., to meet different requirements. Specifically, the electrochemical energy storage layer 2 includes a positive electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode layer. The electrolyte layer can be a solid electrolyte or a gel electrolyte, etc. A positive electrode pin is provided on the positive electrode layer, and a negative electrode pin is provided on the negative electrode layer.

[0037] The embodiment of the present application also provides a preparation method of the composite material structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer as described above, including the steps:

[0038] S1. Make a number of first holes in the electrochemical energy storage layer to obtain a perforated electrochemical energy storage layer, and the first holes are used for the lattice sandwich layer to pass through the electrochemical energy storage layer. For example, taking a single unit cell strut as an example, when the structure of the unit cell strut is a tetrahedron, the distribution positions of the first holes correspond to the positions of the unit cell struts, that is, one side of the electrochemical energy storage layer has three holes, and the other side parallel to it has one hole. In some embodiments, polyetheretherketone can be used to prepare the unit cell struts to make them insulating.

[0039] S2. Fix one side of the perforated electrochemical energy storage layer to the bottom plate, and insert the unit cell struts into the first holes.

[0040] For example, when the unit cell strut is a tetrahedron structure, the strut monomers constituting the tetrahedron unit cell struts are batch-produced by the mold method as Figure 3 shown. The bottom surface 34 of the strut monomer is circular, the top surface 31 is one-third of a complete circle, the surfaces of the first side 33 and the second side 34 are smooth and can be connected to other two strut monomers, and any three unit cell struts can form a complete tetrahedron unit cell strut (as Figure 4 shown). The diameter d of the strut monomer and the thickness t of the battery cell need to satisfy d / t < 1 / 3 to ensure the electrochemical performance of the electrochemical energy storage layer.

[0041] In some embodiments, an insulating material can be coated in the first holes and then the unit cell struts are inserted into the first holes to insulate the electrochemical energy storage layer from the unit cell struts.

[0042] S3. Fix the other side of the perforated electrochemical energy storage layer to the top plate to obtain the composite structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer.

[0043] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the composite structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer further includes the steps of: making a plurality of second holes on the bottom plate, the second holes corresponding to the side of the first hole close to the bottom plate, and making a plurality of third holes on the top plate, the third holes corresponding to the side of the first hole close to the top plate. When the electrochemical energy storage layer is fixedly connected to the top plate and the bottom plate, the top and bottom of the unit cell struts can be respectively inserted into the second holes and the third holes, and interlocked to form a mechanical connection, so as to more stably fix the unit cell struts on the top surface and the bottom surface through adhesive bonding and mechanical connection.

[0044] The preparation method provided by the embodiments of the present application does not damage the lattice sandwich layer structure, the structural efficiency is close to 1, and it has better load-bearing performance.

[0045] The present application also provides an application of the composite structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer as described above in the preparation of a vehicle, which can be applied in the field of lightweight of structural parts such as the engine cover / door / roof of a new energy vehicle, the fuselage of a drone, the wing of an aircraft, the housing of a robot arm, and the hull of an unmanned ship.

[0046] The following is further illustrated by specific embodiments.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] (1) Preparation of the top plate and the bottom plate: The top plate and the bottom plate are made of carbon fiber composite panels, about 2 mm thick, and laser burns are made at the connection points between the top plate and the bottom plate and the unit cell struts to form points with a diameter of about 0.5 mm, as Figure 2 shown.

[0049] (2) Preparation of the electrochemical energy storage layer: Utilizing the processable characteristics of the solid-state battery, a punching machine is used to process corresponding holes on the electrochemical energy storage layer according to the size of the unit cell struts (strut monomers). Taking one unit cell strut as an example, the distribution positions of the holes correspond to the positions of the unit cell struts, that is, one side of the electrochemical energy storage layer has three holes, this surface is defined as the lower surface, and the other side parallel to it has one hole, which is defined as the upper surface. A layer of epoxy resin is evenly coated on the lower surface of the electrochemical energy storage layer, align the holes on this surface with the points on the lower panel, place a 5 kg weight above the electrochemical energy storage layer, and use the weight of the weight to press the solid-state battery on the bottom plate to ensure good bonding between the electrochemical energy storage layer and the bottom plate.

[0050] (3) Preparation of the unit cell struts: Batch production is carried out by the mold method as Figure 3The strut monomer that constitutes the strut of the polyether ether ketone tetrahedral unit cell is shown. The bottom surface 34 of the strut monomer is circular, and the top surface 31 is one-third of a complete circle. The surfaces of the first side 33 and the second side 34 are smooth and can be connected to two other strut monomers. Any three unit cell struts can form a complete tetrahedral unit cell strut (as shown in Figure 4 ). The diameter d of the strut monomer and the thickness t of the battery unit need to satisfy d / t < 1 / 3 to ensure the electrochemical performance of the electrochemical energy storage layer.

[0051] (4) Insertion, combination of strut monomers and preparation of unit cell struts: Apply glue to the bottom surface, top surface, first side and second side of the strut monomer. Insert three unit cell struts into the holes of the electrochemical energy storage layer in sequence. The top surfaces of the three strut monomers form a complete circle to form a unit cell strut, and its top is slightly higher than the electrochemical energy storage layer. The height of the protruding part is the same as the thickness of the point position obtained by laser burning on the top surface, so that the top of the unit cell strut array can be inserted into the top plate.

[0052] (5) Assembly of the top plate: Drop a drop of epoxy resin into the point position obtained by laser burning on the top plate. At the same time, evenly coat a layer of epoxy resin on the surface of the electrochemical energy storage layer close to the top plate. Then align the point position of the top plate with the top of the unit cell strut, bond the top plate, the top of the unit cell strut and the electrochemical energy storage layer together, and place weights or other heavy objects on the top plate to apply pressure to ensure firm bonding between the top surface of the top plate and the electrochemical energy storage layer and the top surface of the unit cell strut, and manufacture a composite structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer.

[0053] In summary, in this application, by embedding a lattice sandwich layer in the electrochemical energy storage layer and utilizing the light weight and high strength characteristics of the lattice sandwich layer, effective internal support is provided for the composite structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer. Combining the settings of the top plate and the bottom plate enables the composite structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer to simultaneously have the effects of structural load bearing, weight reduction, and improvement of system structural stability, and has broad application value in the field of lightweighting of structural parts such as engine covers / doors / roofs of new energy vehicles, aircraft wing skins, UAV bodies, robot arm casings, and unmanned ship hulls.

[0054] It should be understood that the application of this application is not limited to the above examples. For those of ordinary skill in the art, improvements or transformations can be made according to the above description, and all such improvements and transformations should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of this application.

Claims

1. A composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer, characterized in that, Comprising: A top plate and a bottom plate; A lattice sandwich layer and an electrochemical energy storage layer disposed between the top plate and the bottom plate; Wherein, the lattice sandwich layer is embedded in the electrochemical energy storage layer, and the lattice sandwich layer has a load-bearing capacity perpendicular to the direction of the top plate.

2. The composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer according to claim 1, characterized in that The top plate comprises a fiber board, and the bottom plate comprises a fiber board.

3. The composite material structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer according to claim 2, wherein, The material of the fiber board comprises at least one of carbon fiber, aramid fiber, basalt fiber, polylactic acid, nylon, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer.

4. The composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer according to claim 1, wherein The lattice sandwich layer comprises a plurality of unit cell struts embedded in the electrochemical energy storage layer in a lattice pattern; The unit cell strut comprises a strut body and an insulating layer coated on the surface of the strut body.

5. The composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The structure of the strut body comprises at least one of a tetrahedron, a cuboid, and a pentahedron.

6. The composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer according to claim 4, characterized in that The structure of the strut body is a tetrahedron structure, comprising three strut monomers, and the tops of the three strut monomers abut against each other to form a tetrahedron structure.

7. The composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrochemical energy storage layer comprises a positive electrode layer, an electrolyte layer, and a negative electrode layer stacked in sequence.

8. The composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer according to claim 7, wherein A positive electrode pin is provided on the positive electrode layer, and a negative electrode pin is provided on the negative electrode layer.

9. A method for preparing a composite material structure battery based on a lattice sandwich layer according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Including steps: Making a plurality of first holes in the electrochemical energy storage layer to obtain a perforated electrochemical energy storage layer, and the first holes are used for the lattice sandwich layer to penetrate through the electrochemical energy storage layer; Inserting the lattice sandwich layer into the first holes; Fixing one side of the electrochemical energy storage layer with the lattice sandwich layer inserted therein to the bottom plate, and the other side to the top plate, to obtain the composite structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer.

10. The preparation method of the composite material structure battery based on the lattice sandwich layer according to claim 9, characterized in that, The preparation method further includes the step: making a plurality of second holes in the bottom plate, the second holes are correspondingly arranged with the side of the first holes close to the bottom plate, and making a plurality of third holes in the top plate, the third holes are correspondingly arranged with the side of the first holes close to the top plate.

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