Straw returning, soil improving and yield increasing method for cotton planting in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and discloses a straw-returning soil-improving yield-increasing method for saline-alkali soil cotton planting, comprising the following steps: S1, collecting soil to obtain a saline-alkali soil sample; s2, determining the straw returning amount, and setting different returning amount standards such as non-returning of cotton straws, half-amount returning of the straws and full-amount returning of the straws in a cotton producing area of the coastal saline-alkali land by referring to local soil conditions and cotton planting conditions; s3, in combination with deep scarification treatment, performing deep scarification and non-deep scarification comparison treatment on the basis of different straw returning amounts; and S4, monitoring the physical and chemical properties of the soil. After the straws are returned to the field, as time goes on, the straws are gradually decomposed, abundant organic substances are added to the soil, the organic substances are beneficial to formation and stabilization of soil aggregates, so that the pore structure of the soil is improved, the soil becomes looser, the air permeability and the water permeability are remarkably improved, and the soil quality is improved. And a good soil environment is created for growth and respiration of cotton roots.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, and specifically provides a method for improving soil and increasing cotton yield by returning straw to the field in saline-alkali land cotton planting. Background Art

[0002] Due to seasonal salt return and seawater intrusion in coastal saline-alkali land, the soil salt ion concentration is too high, which not only leads to soil nutrient imbalance and nutritional disorders, but also seriously hinders the normal growth of cotton, making it difficult to increase cotton yield. The traditional method of simply relying on chemical fertilizers cannot fundamentally solve the problem of nutrient imbalance in saline-alkali land. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a conservation tillage method that combines the law of soil water and salt movement to reduce the soil salt content, optimize the cotton root growth environment, enhance the root's ability to absorb nutrients, and then promote the healthy growth of cotton plants and achieve high cotton yields.

[0003] Therefore, we propose a method for improving soil and increasing cotton yield by returning straw to the field in saline-alkali land cotton planting to solve the problem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving soil and increasing cotton yield by returning straw to the field in saline-alkali land cotton planting, which solves the problems in the above background art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for improving soil and increasing cotton yield by returning straw to the field in saline-alkali land cotton planting, comprising the following steps: S1: Conduct soil collection to obtain saline-alkali land soil samples; S2: Determine the amount of straw returned to the field. In the coastal saline-alkali land cotton production area, refer to the local soil conditions and cotton planting situation, and set different standards for the amount of straw returned to the field, such as no straw returned to the field, half of the straw returned to the field, and all of the straw returned to the field; S3: Combine subsoiling treatment. On the basis of different amounts of straw returned to the field, conduct a comparison between subsoiling and non-subsoiling; S4: Monitor the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Before cotton sowing, at the seedling stage, budding stage, flowering and boll-setting stage, and boll-opening stage, collect soil samples from the 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm soil layers, and measure physical indicators such as soil aggregates, bulk density, porosity, and chemical indicators such as salt concentration, salt ion content, cation exchange capacity, nutrient content, organic matter, and pH; S5: Pay attention to cotton growth indicators. At the budding stage, early flowering stage, full boll stage, and boll-opening stage of cotton, use professional equipment to measure morphological parameters such as the number of cotton roots, root length, root diameter, root surface area, and root volume, as well as the salt and nutrient content of the roots. Synchronously measure photosynthetic physiological characteristics such as the net photosynthetic rate of cotton leaves, record the dynamic accumulation of total dry matter and dry matter in different parts of the cotton plant, and measure the boll-bearing capacity of cotton roots.

[0006] Preferably, in the step of determining the amount of straw returned to the field, the coastal saline-alkali cotton growing area includes, but is not limited to, Bincheng District, Binzhou City, Shandong Province.

[0007] Preferably, in the step of combining subsoiling treatment, the subsoiling operation cuts off the capillary tubes in the plow sole soil, inhibits the upward return of deep-layer salts, and does not damage the tillage layer.

[0008] Preferably, in the step of paying attention to cotton growth indicators, the professional equipment includes the WinRHIZO root analysis system.

[0009] The present invention provides a method for increasing production by returning straw to the field and improving soil in saline-alkali land cotton cultivation. The method for increasing production by returning straw to the field and improving soil in saline-alkali land cotton cultivation has the following beneficial effects:

[0010] The method for increasing production by returning straw to the field and improving soil in saline-alkali land cotton cultivation can improve the soil structure: after the straw is returned to the field, as time goes by, the straw gradually decomposes, adding rich organic matter to the soil. These organic matters contribute to the formation and stability of soil aggregates, improving the pore structure of the soil, making the soil more porous, and significantly enhancing the air permeability and water permeability, creating a good soil environment for the growth and respiration of cotton roots.

[0011] The method for increasing production by returning straw to the field and improving soil in saline-alkali land cotton cultivation can adjust the soil salinity: the subsoiling operation cuts off the soil capillaries, effectively hindering the upward movement of deep-layer soil salts with water to the surface layer, thus reducing the phenomenon of soil salt return. The covering layer formed in the soil tillage layer after straw returning can slow down the evaporation rate of soil water, indirectly inhibiting the accumulation of salts on the soil surface layer, reducing the salt concentration of the soil, and alleviating the harm of salts to cotton growth.

[0012] (0) The method for increasing production by returning straw to the field and improving soil in saline-alkali land cotton cultivation can improve soil fertility: cotton straw itself is rich in macro elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as various trace elements. In the soil, as the straw decomposes, these nutrients are gradually released into the soil, increasing the content of nutrients such as inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil, providing an abundant nutrient source for the growth of cotton. Straw returning increases the organic matter content of the soil. Organic matter can not only adsorb and preserve nutrient ions, improve the cation exchange capacity of the soil, enhance the fertilizer-holding capacity of the soil, but also further improve the soil structure, increase the soil porosity, improve the water-holding capacity of the soil, reduce the loss of nutrients and water in the soil, and continuously improve soil fertility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the process structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, the specific implementation manners of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0015] A preferred embodiment of the method for improving soil and increasing yield by returning crop straw in cotton planting in saline-alkali land provided by the present invention is as Figure 1 shown: A method for improving soil and increasing yield by returning crop straw in cotton planting in saline-alkali land includes the following steps: S1: Obtain soil samples from saline-alkali land. In the selected coastal saline-alkali cotton-growing area, collect soil according to scientific sampling methods to provide basic samples for subsequent comprehensive analysis of soil physical and chemical properties. S2: Determine the amount of straw returned to the field. Taking the coastal saline-alkali cotton-growing areas such as Maoli Village, Liangcai Township, Bincheng District, Binzhou City, Shandong Province as the research objects, comprehensively consider local soil conditions such as soil texture, fertility, salt content, as well as cotton varieties, planting density, etc., and set different standards for the amount of straw returned to the field, such as no straw returned to the field, half of the straw returned to the field, and all of the straw returned to the field. Through long-term field experiments and data analysis, compare the differences in the effects of different amounts of straw returned to the field on soil improvement and cotton yield formation, so as to provide suggestions for local farmers on the selection of the amount of straw returned to the field that conforms to the actual situation. S3: Combine subsoiling treatment. On the basis of different amounts of straw returned to the field, set up a comparative test treatment of subsoiling and non-subsoiling. Subsoiling operations use professional agricultural machinery to cut off the soil capillaries in the plow layer, which is beneficial for the salts in the soil to leach downward with water, and at the same time effectively inhibits the salts in the deep soil from rising to the soil surface with water, reducing the phenomenon of soil salt return. Subsoiling operations will not damage the tillage layer and reduce the negative impact on the ecological environment. Subsoiling and straw returning to the field cooperate with each other and play an important role in reducing soil salt return and optimizing the cotton root growth environment, jointly promoting the increase of cotton yield.

[0016] S4: Monitor soil physical and chemical properties. During the entire growth period of cotton, namely at key stages such as before sowing, seedling stage, budding stage, flowering and boll stage, and boll opening stage, collect soil samples from the soil layers of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm respectively. Use professional soil detection equipment and methods to measure physical indicators such as soil aggregates, bulk density, porosity, as well as chemical indicators such as salt concentration, content of various salt ions (Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cl - , SO4 2- , HCO3 - , etc.), cation exchange capacity, content of nutrients (inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium), organic matter content, pH value, etc. According to the data obtained from the monitoring, keep track of the dynamic changes in soil salinity and fertility in real time, so as to timely adjust subsequent planting management measures. S5: Monitor cotton growth indicators. During the budding stage, full-bloom stage, peak boll stage, and boll-opening stage of cotton, use professional equipment such as the WinRHIZO root analysis system to measure morphological parameters of cotton roots, such as the number of roots, root length, root diameter, root surface area, and root volume. At the same time, detect root vitality and nutrient content. Synchronously measure photosynthetic physiological characteristics such as the net photosynthetic rate of cotton leaves, record the accumulation dynamics of the total dry matter of cotton plants and the dry matter of each part, and measure the boll-bearing capacity of cotton roots. Through comprehensive analysis of these indicators, comprehensively evaluate the effects of straw returning to the field and subsoiling on cotton growth and development and yield formation.

[0017] In summary, through a series of technical means, the invention has achieved soil improvement of saline-alkali land and increased cotton yield, providing an effective solution for cotton planting in coastal saline-alkali land. Specifically:

[0018] Optimize the soil environment: Collect soil samples to provide a basis for subsequent measures. Determine the amount of straw returned to the field and combine it with subsoiling to improve the soil structure, cut off soil capillaries, inhibit salt return, and at the same time increase soil organic matter, improve soil aeration, water permeability, fertilizer retention, and water retention capabilities.

[0019] Precision planting management: Monitor soil physical and chemical properties and cotton growth indicators at different growth stages of cotton, adjust planting management measures in a timely manner according to the data, scientifically evaluate the effects of straw returning to the field and subsoiling, achieve precision planting, promote cotton growth, and increase cotton yield.

[0020] Experimental examples Conduct experimental demonstrations in the coastal saline-alkali cotton fields of Maoli Village, Liangcai Township, Bincheng District, Binzhou City, Shandong Province 1. Soil collection: Before the start of the experiment, according to the standard sampling method, collect soil samples from multiple points in the selected cotton field plots in the 0-60 cm soil layer, mix them evenly, and conduct preliminary soil physical and chemical property analysis to provide a basis for subsequent determination of the amount of straw returned to the field and subsoiling treatment plan.

[0021] 2. Set up treatment groups: According to the previous investigation and analysis, set up the following treatment groups: (1) No cotton straw is returned to the field and no subsoiling; (2) Half of the cotton straw is returned to the field and no subsoiling; (3) All of the cotton straw is returned to the field and no subsoiling; (4) No cotton straw is returned to the field but subsoiling; (5) Half of the cotton straw is returned to the field and subsoiling; (6) All of the cotton straw is returned to the field and subsoiling. Set 4 replicates for each treatment to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the experimental data.

[0022] 3. Implement straw returning to the field and subsoiling operations: After cotton harvest, according to the set treatment groups, evenly spread the cotton straw on the field according to the corresponding amount of straw returned to the field. For the treatment groups that require subsoiling, use professional subsoiling machinery for subsoiling operations, and control the subsoiling depth within an appropriate range to ensure that the capillary tubes in the plow sole soil layer are cut off and the tillage layer is not damaged.

[0023] 4. Monitor the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the growth indicators of cotton: At each growth stage of cotton, collect soil samples strictly according to the methods described above, and measure various soil physical and chemical property indicators; at the same time, use professional equipment to measure and record the growth indicators of cotton, such as root morphological parameters, photosynthetic physiological characteristics, and dry matter accumulation.

[0024] 5. Data analysis and result application: Conduct statistical analysis on the collected data, and compare the differences in soil improvement effects and cotton yields between different treatment groups. According to the analysis results, summarize the optimal straw return amount and subsoiling treatment combination plan suitable for cotton planting in local coastal saline-alkali land, and popularize this plan to local and other similar coastal saline-alkali cotton-growing areas to guide farmers in scientific planting and achieve increased production and income of cotton in saline-alkali land.

[0025] The above are only the illustrative specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Moreover, it should be noted that the components of the present invention are not limited to the above overall application. Each technical feature described in the specification of the present invention can be individually adopted according to actual needs or multiple features can be combined for use. Therefore, the present invention should reasonably cover other combinations and specific applications related to the inventive points of this case.

Claims

1. A method for improving soil and increasing cotton yield by returning straw to the field in saline-alkali land cotton cultivation, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: Conduct soil collection to obtain saline-alkali soil samples; S2: Determine the amount of straw returning to the field. In the cotton-growing area of coastal saline-alkali land, refer to the local soil conditions and cotton planting situation, and set different standards for the amount of straw returning to the field, such as no straw returning to the field, half straw returning to the field, and full straw returning to the field; S3: Combine subsoiling treatment. On the basis of different amounts of straw returning to the field, conduct a comparison between subsoiling and non-subsoiling; S4: Monitor the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Before cotton sowing, at the seedling stage, budding stage, flowering and boll-setting stage, and boll-opening stage, collect soil samples from the soil layers of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, and 40-60 cm, and measure physical indicators such as soil aggregates, bulk density, porosity, and chemical indicators such as salt concentration, salt ion content, cation exchange capacity, nutrient content, organic matter, and pH value; S5: Pay attention to the cotton growth indicators. At the budding stage, full-bloom stage, peak boll stage, and boll-opening stage of cotton, use professional equipment to measure morphological parameters such as the number of cotton roots, root length, root diameter, root surface area, and root volume, as well as root activity, synchronously measure photosynthetic physiological characteristics such as the net photosynthetic rate of cotton leaves, record the dynamic accumulation of total dry matter and dry matter in different parts of the cotton plant, and measure the boll-bearing capacity of cotton roots.

2. The straw returning to the field, soil improvement and yield increasing method for cotton planting in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein: In the step of determining the amount of straw returning to the field, the cotton-growing area of coastal saline-alkali land includes, but is not limited to, Bincheng District, Binzhou City, Shandong Province.

3. The straw returning to the field, soil improvement and yield increasing method for cotton planting in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of combining subsoiling treatment, the subsoiling operation cuts off the capillary tubes in the plow sole soil, inhibits the upward return of deep-layer salts, and does not damage the tillage layer.

4. A straw returning to the field, soil improvement and yield increasing method for cotton planting in saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step of paying attention to the cotton growth indicators, the professional equipment includes the WinRHIZO root analysis system.

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