359results about "Cotton cultivation" patented technology

The invention discloses a comprehensive improvement method suitable for inland extreme arid area saline-alkali soil. The method is formed by integrating multiple technological innovations of levellingsoil and eliminating salt accumulation in surface soil, returning straw to field and improving a soil body structure so as to block a salinity ascending channel, additionally applying an organic fertilizer and optimizing fertilized soil to improve a crop saline-alkaline tolerance capacity, deep-plowing soil and adjusting grain compositions so as to retard salinity ascending, additionally applyingan improver and creating a low-salt rhizosphere micro-environment, covering by straw and preventing soil salt return, rationally irrigating for salt-leaching and desalting and the like. The technology can be applied for performing straw simplification on preceding crops and rapidly and directly returning to the field, relieving labor intensity of a farmer, adequately using straw nutrient resources for usage by crops in the next season, reducing an applying quantity of a chemical fertilizer, and reducing agricultural production cost. An isolating layer is formed in a soil body, so the ascending of underground water and salinity in the lower soil body is retarded, and the salt accumulation in the surface soil and the salt return are reduced. The method has multiple functions of improving the saline-alkali soil, improving production capacity of cultivated land, increasing production, saving cost and increasing income and the like, and is remarkable in economic, social and ecological environment benefits.

A material for assisting in at least one of germination, protection, hydration, and thriving of seeds and the plants originating therefrom treats a seed with a tackifier or binder, such as corn syrup or the like, which secures a layer of hydrating polymer particles thereto. Nutrients, protectants, and the like may be absorbed in the polymer before or after coating of a seed thereby. Weighting materials, extenders, flowing agents, and the like may assist in the functioning or handling of the coated seeds.

The invention discloses a production method for wide-early-superior raw cotton in a cotton region in Northwest China. The method includes the following steps of 1, fission type elite seed production,wherein variety selection,10-ten-thousand-times fission type seed reproduction, and grain selection according to the grain size are conducted; 2, planting in rows with the equal width and conducting the following matching technologies: the variety selection and rational early sowing technology, the edge film widening and lighting technology, the sowing row no-covering-soil and film no-covering-soil technology, the appropriate seedling water dropping technology, the first water late-drop technology, the plant-height increasing and appropriate tip pruning delay technology, and the cotton-flowering and boll-forming fertilizer re-application technology; 3, an early-sowing and early-ripening matching technology; 4, superior raw cotton quality control technologies which includes the technology of uncovering mulching films in the optimum period and preventing pollution, the technology of spraying an appropriate amount of disleave agent and ripener in the appropriate period, the technology ofremoving field weeds and foreign matters and the technology of harvesting in the appropriate period. The method is feasible, operation is simple and convenient, conversion from short-dense-early 'getting cotton by temperature' to tapping of the potential of light, temperature and environment resources is achieved, and support is provided for high-yield, high-efficiency and high-quality cotton.

The present invention relates to methods of improving germination rates of plants or crops, and of preventing or arresting water evaporation loss from targeted soil areas by use of soil additives, which allow for improved water utilization by crops, plants, grasses, vegetation, etc.

The invention relates to the technical field of peanut planting and cultivation in saline and alkaline land, in particular to a cottonseed intercrop-planting method for achieving dual high peanut / cotton yields in saline and alkaline land. The method comprises the following steps that (a) land preparation and salt content restraining are performed; (b) timely ploughing and land preparation are performed; (c) fertilization is performed; (d) timely sowing is performed, wherein 4:2 equal-amplitude cottonseed intercropping mode is adopted for peanuts and cotton, and the floor area is kept to 1:1; (e) film covering is performed, wherein a convention planting and film covering planting mode is adopted. The yield level of cotton monoculture in a conventional mode is kept by adopting the equal-amplitude cottonseed intercropping mode, the peanut yield of 109-159 kg / mu is increased compared with monoculture peanuts (the yield is 170.5 kg / mu) in moderate-severe saline and alkaline land, the peanut yields of 50.76 kg / mu and 31.23 kg / mu are increased by adopting the 4:2 equal-amplitude cottonseed intercropping mode of peanuts / cotton compared with the yields obtained by adopting the proportions of 2:1 and 6:3, the anti-risk capability of an agricultural planting structure in the saline and alkaline land is improved, and the dual high peanut / cotton yields in the moderate or severe saline and alkaline land are achieved.

The present invention relates generally to the field of plant breeding and concerns a method for determining the point at which a plant starts to flower. More specifically, the invention concerns a method for determining the start of flowering on an individual plant basis by measuring the reproductive structures of plants from digital images of these structures and deducing the start of flowering from the measurements and average growth rates. The invention also concerns apparatus for determining the start of flowering in plants, particularly in a high-throughput manner.

A material for assisting in at least one of germination, protection, hydration, and thriving of seeds and the plants originating therefrom treats a seed with a tackifier or binder, such as corn syrup or the like, which secures a layer of hydrating polymer particles thereto. Nutrients, protectants, and the like may be absorbed in the polymer before or after coating of a seed thereby. Weighting materials, extenders, flowing agents, and the like may assist in the functioning or handling of the coated seeds.

The invention provides a cotton planting method for increasing yield and improving water utilization efficiency in arid early-maturing cotton areas. The method includes steps of seed selection; pre-sowing moisturizing and ploughing for soil preparation; timely sowing and high-density planting; intertillage weeding, warming and soil moisture preservation; water regulation supplemented by chemical regulation; shallow application of base fertilizers and topdressing; standard disleaving, timely harvesting and the like. By adoption of the method, problems of low water-fertilizer utilization efficiency, unfavorable-delayed senescence of cotton, poor mechanical harvesting quality and the like caused by nonstandard techniques in dripping time and quantity, fertilizing time and quantity, chemical regulation time and quantity and the like are solved.

The subject invention provides novel and advantageous materials and methods for controlling phytopathogenic and / or soil-dwelling nematodes by attaching an effective amount of Pasteuria spores to a seed and delivering the seeds to the situs of nematodes.

The invention discloses a jujube and cotton intercrop moisture adjusting device and moisture adjusting method. The jujube and cotton intercrop moisture adjusting device comprises an irrigation system,a moisture maintaining system and a drainage system. The moisture adjusting device is provided with a first pipeline and a second pipeline, and can conditionally irrigate jujube trees and cotton according to different requirements for moisture at different growth stages of the jujube trees and the cotton; the moisture maintaining system is used for maintaining intercrop field moisture and reducemoisture dissipation; the drainage system is used for timely draining excessive moisture of fields; the soil structure in the intercrop fields is changed, bottom-layer soil, a clay layer, a mixed soillayer, a surface layer, subgrade soil and upper-layer soil are set, so that the water holding capacity of the soil in the intercrop fields is improved; and besides, according to the characteristic ofbeing high in amount of water required for later stage of the cotton, improved clay is paved in a cotton planting ridge, the water holding capacity of the cotton planting ridge is further improved, and the necessary irrigation frequency is reduced.

The invention discloses a method and a system for recognizing a cotton area in Xinjiang on the basis of satellite image data, belonging to the technical field of remote-sensing crop classification andrecognition. The invention solves the problem of low recognition accuracy of the cotton area in the prior art. The method for recognizing the cotton area in Xinjiang on the basis of the satellite image data comprises the following steps: acquiring the satellite image data of a seedling stage, a flowering and boll setting stage and a harvesting period of cotton, and respectively performing data pre-processing on the satellite image data of the seedling stage, the flowering and boll setting stage and the harvesting period of the cotton; performing normalized differential vegetation index calculation on the processed satellite image data so as to obtain a normalized vegetation index value NDVI; determining a vegetation area and a non-vegetation area according to the normalized vegetation index value NDVI, determining a crop area according to the difference in spectral reflectance between the crop area and a non-crop area in the vegetation area, and determining a cotton planting area according to the difference in the spectral reflectance difference values between the cotton area and the non-cotton area in the crop area. The method provided by the invention the recognition accuracy ofthe cotton area.

The invention relates to application of herbicide-tolerance protein. A method for controlling weeds comprises the following steps: applying a herbicide with an effective dosage of tribenuron-methyl to a plant growing environment with at least one transgenic plant, wherein the transgenic plant comprises a nucleotide sequence of encoded thifensulfuron methyl hydrolytic enzyme in a genome, and the transgenic plant has alleviated plant damage and / or increased plant yield when being compared with other plants without the nucleotide sequence of the encoded thifensulfuron methyl hydrolytic enzyme. The invention discloses that the thifensulfuron methyl hydrolytic enzyme has relatively high tolerance to a tribenuron-methyl herbicide for a first time, plants with the nucleotide sequence of the encoded thifensulfuron methyl hydrolytic enzyme are relatively high in tolerance to the tribenuron-methyl herbicide, and the land concentration of at least 1 time can be tolerated. Therefore, the herbicide-tolerance protein is wide in application prospect for plants.

A material for assisting in at least one of germination, protection, hydration, and thriving of seeds and the plants originating therefrom treats a seed with a tackifier or binder, such as corn syrup or the like, which secures a layer of hydrating polymer particles thereto. Nutrients, protectants, and the like may be absorbed in the polymer before or after coating of a seed thereby. Weighting materials, extenders, flowing agents, and the like may assist in the functioning or handling of the coated seeds.

The invention discloses a drought-resistant saline-alkaline-tolerant high-yield efficient cultivation method for cotton. The drought-resistant saline-alkaline-tolerant high-yield efficient cultivationmethod sequentially comprises the steps: selecting and preparation soil; applying a base fertilizer; cutting and treating seed potatoes; carrying out ridging and shaping; carrying out sowing and paving a drip irrigation pipeline; and mulching a film and fully covering soil with the thickness of 5-7cm, wherein the soil covering is best performed on the sowing day or is centrally finished within 5-7d after sowing; and field management comprises water irrigation, topdressing, pest prevention and control and the like. Due to the adoption of the method for fully covering soil on a mulching film after sowing, the fertilizer and water condition of the soil is effectively improved; the effects of preventing high wind from breaking the mulching film in spring and inhibiting grass growth on a ridged surface are achieved; and compared with a method by which soil covering is not needed and the film is artificially broken to release seedlings, the method has the advantages that the ground temperature can be raised by 2-3 DEG C, seedlings are emergent 5-7d beforehand, and cotton can be harvested 7-12d beforehand. In addition, potatoes can voluntarily break a film and come up out of the ground,and artificially breaking the film to release the seedlings is not needed, so that manpower is greatly saved, the operation cost is reduced, and the economic benefit of the potato production is increased.

The invention provides an aviation spraying operation method for a cotton defoliating agent under a three-film twelve-row cultivation mode. In comparison with the prior art, the method of the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) it is ensured from technical point of view that the effective spraying span of a plant protection drone just covers or slightly goes beyond the average width of 12 rows of cotton plants in the width direction of adjacent three mulching films during the single-line operation flight process. Farmers do not want to spray the agent too much on the wider transfer line to waste the agent or pollute the soil, and their realistic demand is satisfied. The above mode is also corresponding to the 12 rows of cotton plants formed by single-width operation of a large planter. Thereby, the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy in the spraying process of the plant protection drone is realized, which is in line with the state's general requirement onthe integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy; and (2) the invention also provides a referential operation specifications for the precise aviation spraying of other pest control agents in the cotton field management process.

The invention discloses a method suitable for chemical maturation acceleration and defoliation of machine-harvested cotton in a desert arid area. The method sequentially comprises the steps: selectingand preparing soil; applying a base fertilizer; treating seeds; carrying out sowing and paving a drip irrigation pipeline; carrying out field management; and carrying out timely chemically-controlledmaturation acceleration and defoliation. According to the chemical maturation acceleration and defoliation method adopted by the invention, adopted agents, a proportioning scheme, a pesticide application dosage, an application period and an application frequency are provided; determined by experiments in a cotton field, compared with a conventional cotton planting method, the time chemically-controlled maturation acceleration and defoliation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the growth period of a cotton boll is effectively prolonged, the central boll opening of the cotton boll is realized, the boll opening period of the cotton boll is shortened, a cotton plant is enabled to defoliate before being harvested by using a machine so that it is convenient to realize machine harvest, the quality and yield of commodity cotton are increased, the manpower investment is greatly reduced, the operation cost is reduced, and the economic benefit of cotton production is increased. In addition, the defoliated cotton plants can be used as feeds, so that the utilization rate of crop straws is increased.

The invention discloses a method for improving a saline and alkaline land by utilizing alfalfa-beet-cotton-maize rotation. By the method, the saline and alkaline land is improved by ditching and draining, pressing salt into fresh water, adding improved fertilizer or compound fertilizer, performing ploughing and rotary tillage, planting alfalfa, beet, cotton and maize year by year and returning straws. The method has prominent improvement effect on the whole saline and alkaline land, and the improvement process is environment-friendly and pollution-free. Therefore, the method is an applicationtechnology worthy of large-area popularization.

The invention discloses a cultivation method for rape and cotton continuous cropping, and belongs to the field of crop cultivation. The cultivation method of rape and cotton continuous cropping with both no-tillage, stubble direct seeding and no-uprooting cotton stalks is adopted, and the rape and the cotton are selected from early-maturing varieties; rapeseeds are directly spread between cotton stubble rows before the cotton is harvested, cotton stalks are free from uprooting after the cotton is harvested, the rape grows freely between the cotton rows, when the rape is harvested in summer, the cotton stalks are harvested, smashed and returned to field, and then the cotton is seeded directly in stubble in summer. According to the cultivation method for the rape and cotton continuous cropping, new varieties and new technologies are utilized, so that the symbiotic period of the rape and the cotton in the field is shortened, production in two seasons in a year and harvesting twice in a farmland are realized, thereby improving the annual benefits and increasing the multiple-cropping index; and the light simplified and mechanized operation is facilitated, the labor cost is reduced, andthe economic benefit is improved, and therefore the cultivation method is suitable for popularization and application.

The invention discloses a method for intercropping oilseed rape in a cotton field to serve as green manure. The method comprises the steps of A, variety selection, wherein oilseed rape varieties suitable for local ecological conditions and planting systems are selected; B, field preparation, wherein after cotton is harvested, cotton stalks are reserved; C, direct seeding of the oilseed rape, wherein the stage when the relative humidity of soil of the cotton field is 60%-80% is selected to conduct no-tillage, direct seeding and intercropping on the oilseed rape serving as the green manure, andduring seeding, oilseed rape seeds and dry soil or fine sand are uniformly mixed according to the proportion of 1:1, and then the mixture is sowed to the cotton field; D, application of fertilizer, wherein urea applied per mu serves as base fertilizer; E, smash and field returning, wherein from the last ten days of March to the first ten days of April of next year, the oilseed rape in the full-blossom stage and the cotton stalks are mechanically smashed on the spot to be returned into soil to serve as the green manure. The method is feasible and convenient to operate, multiple defects of the single application of fertilizer of current farmland are overcome, virtuous cycle of nutrients in a cotton field ecosystem is achieved, and the purposes of using land while maintaining the land, and reducing fertilizer and increasing the effect are achieved.

The invention discloses a method for soil improvement and crop planting in saline-alkali soil, and aims to improve the physical and chemical properties of the saline-alkali soil and the physiologicalmetabolic ability of crops planted in the saline-alkali soil. The method disclosed by the invention comprises the steps of applying base fertilizer, applying topdressing, and spraying biopesticide. Compared with the prior art, a soil conditioner, bio-organic fertilizer, compound amino acid biological liquid fertilizer, organic liquid fertilizer, Fuhuanong, and compound plant source nano-pesticideare adopted without consuming fresh water to leach and eliminate salt; environment-protection and pollution-free effects are achieved; three-dimensional fertilization and field management are realized; comprehensive soil improvement measures and planting are implemented; the physical and chemical properties of the saline-alkali soil are effectively improved; the salt tolerance and survival rate of the crops are improved, so that the crops can grow and develop healthily in the saline-alkali soil, thereby obtaining higher harvest, and ensuring the yield and quality; meanwhile, a good ecologicalenvironment for soil is created, and the method is suitable for different types of the saline-alkali soil including saline alkali soil in coastal areas and soda saline alkali soil on the plain in thenorthwest inland areas.

The invention discloses a cotton tip pruning method based on a tracked robot, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the distribution of branches and leaves at the upper part of a cotton plantthrough a binocular camera, and determining the position of a terminal bud of the plant; matching a planned motion path of the mechanical arm; controlling the mechanical arm to move, so as to ensure that side leaves are not touched to cause plant damage, and the distance needs to guarantee effective tip pruning; controlling the mechanical arm to extend a claw cylindrical rotary cutter to the headof a bud tip, and cutting off a terminal bud to complete tip pruning work of the cotton plant; controlling the mechanical arm to retract, and continuing tip pruning operation according to the steps; controlling the tracked robot to advance to the next working point, and controlling a lifting rod in real time according to the cotton plant height to adjust the height of the binocular camera until areasonable topping operation position is reached; the cotton field tip pruning device effectively solves the problems of low working efficiency and high labor intensity of manual topping in a cotton field, and achieves the purpose of topping in a low-cost and high-efficiency mechanical mode.

The invention discloses a biostimulant compounded agent suitable for cotton, and a preparation method and application of the biostimulant compounded agent. The biostimulant compounded agent consists of amino acids, polyglutamic acid, potassium humate and water. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) carrying out fermenting to prepare a polyglutamic acid fermentation liquor, and then carrying out ultraviolet inactivation; 2) preparing potassium humate capable of being dissolved in water; 3) adding amino acid powder into a polyglutamic acid solution; and 4) adding the preparedpotassium humate into the solution obtained in the step 3), and carrying out emulsifying by an ultrasonic oscillator to form a suspended biostimulant compound. Foliage spray is carried out for 1-2 times by using the biostimulant compounded agent at a seedling stage, and then seedlings can be protected and strengthened; foliage spray is carried out for 1-2 times at a bud stage, and then budding canbe promoted; foliage spray is carried out for 1-2 times on at a flowering stage, and then falling of flower buds can be reduced; foliage spray is carried out for 2-3 times at a boll maturation stage,and then growth of cotton bolls can be promoted, and the single boll weight is increased; and foliage spray is carried out for 3-4 times at a full growing stage, so that growth of cotton plants can be promoted, stress resistance is improved, balance between nutrition growth and reproduction growth is adjusted, the boll-forming amount in a single plat is increased, and the yield is improved.

The invention discloses a cotton-garlic double-cropping simplified cultivation method. The method has the advantages that a traditional method which interplants spring cotton in a garlic field about one month before garlic harvesting or transplants spring cotton after garlic harvesting is changed into a method which directly sows short-season cotton after garlic harvesting, mechanical cotton sowing is achieved, and the mu manpower of cotton sowing is less than 1; the direct short-season cotton sowing does not need pruning cultivation, mu manpower is only about 2, manpower is saved, and high efficiency is achieved; only 20kg / mu of nitrogen-potassium compound fertilizer is applied once from the bud flourishing period to the initial flowering period, cost is saved, and chemical fertilizer pollution is reduced; manual harvesting is performed once when cotton boll opening reaches 30-50%, then a corn harvester is used to harvest the cotton bolls which do not open, and the garlic is harvestedmechanically; by the double-cropping simplified cultivation method, simplified and mechanical cotton sowing, management and harvesting can be achieved.

The invention discloses a cotton yield prediction method and system. The method comprises the following steps: measuring a leaf area index, a chlorophyll value and a net photosynthetic rate of a leafof a cotton plant to be predicted; determining the dry matter weight of the overground part of the cotton plant to be predicted by adopting a drying method; Obtaining the cotton boll shedding rate ofthe cotton plant to be predicted; obtaining a nitrogen fertilizer application amount, a phosphorus fertilizer application amount and a potassium fertilizer application amount in the planting soil of the cotton plant to be predicted; Detecting the organic matter content of the planting soil of the cotton plant to be predicted; And according to the leaf area index, the chlorophyll value, the net photosynthetic rate, the dry matter weight, the shedding rate, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount, the phosphorus fertilizer application amount, the potassium fertilizer application amount and the organic matter content, predicting the cotton yield through an optimal regression equation of a yield predicted value. According to the method, the cotton yield can be objectively and accurately predicted, the prediction period is shortened, and the method has important significance for guiding cotton production.

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop intercropping rotation, and discloses a peanut / cotton equal-width intercropping alternate rotation planting method in saline-alkali land. The method comprises the following steps: analyzing the effects of peanut / cotton intercropping rotation on the growth, yield and economic benefits of peanuts and cotton; measuring the chlorophyll and componentcontent, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of cotton and peanut functional leaves, and measuring agronomic traits, yield and yield composition factors of the peanuts and the cotton; calculating the economic benefits and land equivalent ratio of the peanut / cotton intercropping rotation; analyzing the diversity change characteristics of rhizosphere soil microorganismflora of the peanuts and the cotton under the conditions of the peanut / cotton intercropping rotation; and analyzing root exudates, soil enzyme activity and soil water and salt transport change characteristics under the conditions of the peanut / cotton intercropping rotation. The method clarifies the soil micro-ecological mechanism of the peanut / cotton equal-width intercropping rotation planting mode in the saline-alkali land for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles, and provides theoretical basis and technical support for the large-area application and promotion of the mode in the saline-alkali land.

The present invention relates to methods of improving germination rates of plants or crops, and of preventing or arresting water evaporation loss from targeted soil areas by use of soil additives, which allow for improved water utilization by crops, plants, grasses, vegetation, etc.

The invention provides a labor-lightened and simplified high-yield and highly-efficient planting mode for a cotton field. The planting mode provided by the invention adopts two different planting manners of transplanting or direct sowing of cotton, and further defines the variety selection and sowing amount of wheat (rape), fertilizer application to the wheat (the rape), variety selection of the cotton, sowing and seedling-raising of the cotton, fertilizer application and weeding in the cotton field, planting density of the cotton, chemical adjustment, and disease and pest control. According to the invention, a traditional planting mode of wheat (rape) and cotton continuous cropping is changed, so problems of decreased yield and quality of the cotton due to shortened effective flowering and boll-setting periods of the cotton are solved; whole-crop wheat (rape) is used as a source of green fodder and has high forage nutritive value, so development of a silage wheat (rape)-cotton continuous cropping mode has far-reaching significance on promotion of development of animal husbandry, improvement of profits of the cotton field and promotion of income increase of cotton farmers; meanwhile, the yield and quality of the cotton are greatly improved, and conservation of labor is saved.

The invention relates to a cultivation method applicable to fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement of cotton growing in Xinjiang saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps that (1) the soil salinity range is 1-1.5 ms / cm, and the pH values of the soil and irrigation water are both 7-8; (2) base fertilizer is applied according to soil salinity; (3) the number of protected seedlings is 12,000-14,000 plants / mu; (4) a water fertilizer scheme for seedling output is adopted at the seedling stage in early May; (5) the nutrient control indexes of the growth period of the cotton include the budding period, the flowering period, the full flowering period and the flowering and boll forming period, and the fertilizer application amount of corresponding fertilizer is determined according to each detection index; (6) watering time and frequency are determined; (7) ripening acceleration is carried out for boll opening; (8) a defoliating agent is sprayed when the boll stage of bolls on the top of the cotton reaches 45 days or above or the boll opening rate of the cotton in a field reaches 30%-40%. According to the method, reasonable functional fertilizer is adopted according to the growth fertilizer requirement rule of the cotton; meanwhile, the fertilizer is scientifically formulated and applied according to the soil and the actual growth conditions of cotton, application of the fertilizer to the cotton is carried out along with the pressurization of water in a drip irrigation process, and the yield of the cotton is increased.