Mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements

Abstract

The invention discloses a mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements, and relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers. 20% to 35% of sepiolite clay; 10%-25% of lepidolite tailings; 5%-10% of an immune activator; the mineral bio-fertilizer is prepared by scientifically proportioning the mineral waste material, the sepiolite clay, the lepidolite tailings, the immune activator and the PGPR, so that the reasonable resource utilization of the waste is realized, the mineral bio-organic fertilizer with comprehensive soil nutrient elements is prepared, the nutrient availability is improved, the utilization rate of the mineral waste material is increased, the utilization rate of the mineral waste material is increased, the utilization rate of the mineral waste material is increased, and the utilization rate of the mineral waste material is increased. The growth requirements of plants are better met, the rhizosphere microorganism ecological environment and the plant hormone level are improved, and the root growth and absorption capacity of the plants are promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of agricultural fertilizers and the resource utilization of mineral wastes, and specifically to a mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements. Background Art

[0002] In modern agricultural production, the supplementation of soil nutrient elements is a key link to ensure the healthy growth and high yield of crops. Traditional chemical fertilizers often only focus on the supplementation of the main nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, while ignoring the importance of trace elements for crop growth, resulting in problems such as nutritional imbalance and poor stress resistance in crops. As an important means of soil improvement and nutrient supplementation, mineral fertilizers have been widely used. Mineral fertilizers can not only provide various nutrient elements required for crop growth, but also improve soil structure, soil fertility, and water retention capacity.

[0003] Current mineral fertilizers are often prepared by grinding and mixing the tailings of the mineral processing line in the mining industry, resulting in single raw material components and unbalanced nutrient elements; the preparation process is simple and extensive, and the nutrient components are not biologically activated and are difficult to be fully absorbed and utilized by crops. In addition, mineral fertilizers may also cause side effects such as soil compaction and pH imbalance during application, which results in waste of resources and environmental pollution and is difficult to meet the requirements of modern agriculture for efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable fertilizers.

[0004] To address these problems, during the preparation of high-quality mineral biological fertilizers, mineral waste materials (calcium-based bentonite waste and trace element minerals after water purification treatment) are selected as key raw materials, and functional microorganism fermentation is combined with mineral modification, and sepiolite clay, lepidolite tailings, immune activators, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are added to comprehensively improve the nutrient content, physical structure, and biochemical activity of the mineral biological fertilizer.

[0005] Through a series of precise ratios and advanced processes, this technology develops and prepares a highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable mineral biological fertilizer, while solving the problem of resource utilization and providing strong support for the sustainable development of modern agriculture. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements. By carefully proportioning mineral waste materials, sepiolite clay, lepidolite tailings, immune activators, and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), and adopting unique microbial co-fermentation, microwave reaction, and granulation drying processes, a highly efficient and environmentally friendly fertilizer product is prepared, which can not only comprehensively supplement the nutrient elements required by the soil, improve soil fertility, but also activate the activity of plant roots.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements, which is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Mineral waste: 45%-60%; Sepiolite clay: 20%-35%; Lepidolite tailings: 10%-25%; Immune activator: 5%-10%; Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): 10%-15%.

[0008] Furthermore, the mineral waste is composed of calcium-based bentonite and trace element minerals. After the purification of urban sewage (non-industrial sewage), the non-metallic mineral waste generated has 80%-90% calcium-based bentonite and 10%-20% trace element minerals in the raw materials, and the fineness is 200-600 mesh.

[0009] Even further, the trace element minerals are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, and manganese sulfate, among which borax accounts for 20%-30% of the trace element minerals, zinc sulfate accounts for 35%-45% of the trace element minerals, and manganese sulfate accounts for 30%-40% of the trace element minerals.

[0010] Even further, the preparation of the sepiolite clay includes: manually screening to remove large particle impurities; mechanically grinding to a fineness of 100-200 mesh.

[0011] Even further, the preparation of the lepidolite tailings includes: magnetic separation to remove magnetic impurities; adding a flotation agent for flotation treatment.

[0012] Even further, the immune activator is composed of plant-derived polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polypeptides, among which plant-derived polysaccharides account for 35%-45% of the immune activator, oligosaccharides account for 30%-40% of the immune activator, and polypeptides account for 20%-30% of the immune activator.

[0013] Even further, the specific steps of the preparation method of the mineral biological fertilizer are as follows: S100, raw material mixing: Add mineral waste, sepiolite clay, and lepidolite tailings to a blender according to a set ratio and stir at a certain speed; S200, microbial co-fermentation: Spray a mixed bacterial solution onto the mixed materials, transfer the materials to a fermentation device, ferment, and stir the materials regularly during the fermentation process; S300, microwave reaction: Transfer the materials after fermentation to a microwave treatment device for heating; S400, granulation: After cooling to room temperature, add a binder, an immune activator, and Bacillus velezensis, mix evenly, and prepare granules through a granulation device; S500, Drying: Through a hot air drying equipment, dry at a low temperature until the water content ≤ 25%.

[0014] Furthermore, in the S200, microbial co-fermentation, the mixed bacterial liquid is composed of Bacillus aryabhattai and Enterococcus faecium, and their volume ratio is 2 - 3:1 - 2, and the bacterial liquid concentration is 3 - 6×10 10 cfu / m.

[0015] In the S200, microbial co-fermentation, Enterococcus faecium ( Enterococcus Faecium, Preservation number CGMCC.NO.32062) and Bacillus velezensis ( Bacillus velezensis, Preservation number CGMCC.NO.32064) are both amplified using a special fermentation medium, and its formulation is: tryptone 15g / L, yeast powder 5g / L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2g / L, ammonium sulfate 1g / L, magnesium sulfate 0.5g / L, trace amounts of ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc chloride, cobalt chloride; the pH is 6.5 - 7.5, sterilize at 0.105MPa pressure and 121°C for 15 - 30min, the optimal shaking culture temperature is 20 - 35°C, culture for 16 - 32 hours, and then Bacillus velezensis ( Bacillus velezensis, Preservation number CGMCC.NO.32064 bacterial liquid) is prepared into bacterial powder for use through conventional vacuum freeze-drying technology.

[0016] Furthermore, in the S400, granulation, the active bacteria concentration in the solid bacterial powder of Bacillus velezensis is 2 - 4×10 10 cfu / ml, and the addition amount is 10% - 15% of the total mass; the binder is sodium carboxymethylcellulose or polyvinyl alcohol, and the addition amount is 2% - 3% of the total mass; the addition amount of the immune activator is 5% - 10% of the total mass.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, this mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements has the following beneficial effects: The present invention uses the mineral waste after water purification as the key raw material, and reasonably adds sepiolite clay and lepidolite tailings, which not only avoids the accumulation of waste and environmental pollution, but also effectively converts these wastes into fertilizers with high nutritional value. Compared with the traditional mineral fertilizer production process, the present invention solves the problem of waste resource utilization and realizes sustainable development.

[0018] The present invention prepares a mineral bio-fertilizer by scientifically proportioning mineral waste materials, sepiolite clay, lepidolite tailings, immune activators (plant-derived polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and polypeptides), and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). It not only takes into account the content of macronutrients and micronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium required for plant growth, enriching the types of nutrient elements in the soil, but also adds immune activators and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to improve the root activity of plants and the activity of the rhizosphere microecology, comprehensively promoting the absorption and utilization of nutrients by plants and their growth and development.

[0019] In the present invention, the raw materials are fully mixed by using a high-speed mixer to ensure the uniformity of the fertilizer. Microbial co-fermentation and microwave reaction technology are used as key links to optimize the availability of nutrients by treating total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen, and minerals, converting the insoluble or difficult-to-use nutrients in mineral waste materials, sepiolite clay, and lepidolite tailings into nutrients more easily absorbed by plants, improving the biological activity of the fertilizer. Using microorganisms with the functions of ammonia nitrogen treatment and phosphorus and potassium solubilization, it promotes the release of nutrients and makes them more easily absorbed and utilized by plants. The application of microwave reaction not only sterilizes and disinfects, promotes the mechanical pulverization of the internal structure of minerals, and improves the release rate of insoluble nutrients, but also refines the particle structure of the fertilizer and promotes the uniform release of nutrients.

[0020] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the present invention will be described to some extent in the subsequent specification, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the study of the following text, or can be taught from the practice of the present invention.

[0021] Technical principle: I. Microbial synergy In the present invention, the role of microorganisms is very crucial. Especially through the co-fermentation of two microorganisms, Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus aryabhattai, it can significantly improve the conversion rate of elements such as phosphorus and nitrogen in the waste and improve the biological activity of the fertilizer.

[0022] Enterococcus faecium (Enterococcus Faecium, preservation number CGMCC.NO.32062) treats ammonia nitrogen: Enterococcus faecium is a common intestinal probiotic that can effectively degrade ammonia nitrogen in waste. Through its biochemical process, Enterococcus faecium can convert ammonia nitrogen ( ) in the waste into nitrate ( ) or nitrite ( ) that can be absorbed by plants. This process is achieved through nitrification, enhancing the effectiveness of the nitrogen source in the fertilizer. It not only provides nitrogen nutrients for other microorganisms during the fermentation process but also can stably store the nitrogen nutrients in the fertilizer. The conversion of ammonia nitrogen not only improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer but also reduces nitrogen loss and environmental pollution.

[0023] Bacillus aryabhattai's treatment of total phosphorus and phosphorus and potassium solubilization: Bacillus aryabhattai is widely used in the agricultural field and has the functions of phosphorus and potassium solubilization. By secreting phosphatases and organic acids, it can convert the total phosphorus in waste into inorganic phosphorus that can be absorbed by plants. Bacillus aryabhattai can also solubilize phosphorus and potassium, releasing the insoluble phosphorus and potassium in the soil or fertilizers to ensure that crops can effectively absorb the required nutrients. The role of Bacillus aryabhattai in fertilizers not only improves the effectiveness of nutrients but also promotes the long-term improvement of soil fertility.

[0024] The synergistic transformation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium by two functional bacteria: Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus aryabhattai can complement each other's functions through co-fermentation. Enterococcus faecium treats ammonia nitrogen, while Bacillus aryabhattai treats total phosphorus and phosphorus and potassium solubilization. The synergistic effect of the two enhances the overall functionality of the fertilizer, not only optimizing the transformation of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium but also ensuring the efficient supply of these nutrients to crops and promoting the healthy growth of plant roots. Through this microbial synergy, the nutrient utilization rate of mineral waste can be more comprehensively improved.

[0025] II. Microwave action

[0026] The role of microwave heating in the present invention is mainly to promote the conversion efficiency of minerals in fertilizers and increase their bioavailability through physical and chemical reactions. Microwave reactions can also kill harmful microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria in fertilizers to ensure the hygiene and safety of fertilizers.

[0027] Promote the mechanical comminution of the internal structure of minerals

[0028] Microwave reactions can promote the physical fragmentation of mineral particles through rapid heating and thermal stress generated by temperature gradients. Mineral particles will rapidly absorb heat during microwave heating, resulting in the expansion and contraction of mineral particles. Due to the different thermal expansion coefficients of different mineral components during heating, this temperature difference will generate stress inside the mineral particles, leading to the formation of microcracks and the fragmentation of particles.

[0029] Refine the fertilizer particle structure

[0030] Microwave heating can promote the refinement of fertilizer particles, change their physical structure, and make the fertilizer particles more uniform and finer. This helps the distribution of fertilizers in the soil, enabling more uniform release and diffusion of nutrients and avoiding uneven plant nutrition caused by excessive local concentration. Through microwave heating, the specific surface area of minerals increases, and the particle surface becomes more active, thus enhancing its contact and interaction with the soil, microorganisms, or plant roots and promoting nutrient absorption and utilization.

[0031] Immunostimulants and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

[0032] Immunostimulants and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are important components in the present invention. They act on the nutrients in fertilizers through different mechanisms, enhancing the effectiveness of fertilizers and strengthening the growth potential of plants.

[0033] Immunostimulants include plant-derived polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polypeptides, which can stimulate the plant immune system and improve its resistance to pests and diseases. By activating the plant immune system, immunostimulants not only enhance the stress resistance of plants but also promote their healthy growth, especially when dealing with diseases and environmental stresses. The addition of immunostimulants helps improve the nutrient absorption capacity of plants from fertilizers and enhances the overall growth vigor of crops.

[0034] Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), namely Bacillus velezensis ( Bacillus velezensis, Accession No. CGMCC.NO.32064) promotes root branching and elongation by secreting auxin, helping plants obtain more nutrients during growth and enhancing the stress resistance and disease resistance of plants. At the same time, for mineral waste materials, lepidolite tailings, and sepiolite clay, Bacillus velezensis ( Bacillus velezensis, Accession No. CGMCC.NO.32064) has a significant dependence on Ca in the rhizosphere effect on mineral materials. 2+ In the plant rhizosphere and inside the plant, the transport of auxin relies on PIN proteins, and its functional domains include AGC-class protein kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs), and calcium signal-dependent protein kinases (CRK5). Calcium 2+ signal-dependent protein kinases can directly regulate the polar localization and distribution of PIN proteins on the cell membrane, ensuring that auxin can move and be transported accurately along plant tissues. Mineral waste materials, lepidolite tailings, and sepiolite clay, through microbial synergistic action and microwave action, provide a rich Ca 2+ source for the plant rhizosphere environment, and together with the auxin of Bacillus velezensis ( Bacillus velezensis, Accession No. CGMCC.NO.32064), regulate the transport of plant auxin and the plant's response to auxin, enhancing plant growth and development.

[0035] Bacillus velezensis of the present invention has been deposited at the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC). The address of the depository unit is: No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing. The deposit number is: CGMCC.NO.32064, and the deposit date is September 25, 2024.

[0036] The Bacillus aryabhattai of the present invention has been deposited at the General Microbiology Center of the China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms (CGMCC). The address of the depository is: No. 3, Yard 1, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing. The deposit number is CGMCC.NO.32597, and the deposit date is November 12, 2024. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0038] Figure 1 It is a process flow diagram for the preparation of a mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0039] To further elaborate on the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following will, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, describe in detail the specific embodiments, structures, features and their effects of the present invention as follows.

[0040] Embodiment 1

[0041] A mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements S100, raw material mixing: The material ratios in the fertilizer are carried out according to the proportions of mineral waste, sepiolite clay, lepidolite tailings, immune activator and rhizosphere promoting bacterium agent being 50%, 20%, 10%, 10%, 10%. Add the mineral waste, sepiolite clay and lepidolite tailings into a high-speed mixer according to the set ratio and stir at a speed of 1000 r / min for 45 minutes.

[0042] The selected mineral waste is calcium-based bentonite waste after urban sewage treatment, collected from the sedimentation tank of the sewage treatment plant at No. 188, Gongnong South Road, Chongchuan District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province (collection method: scraping the surface sediment); the lepidolite tailings are collected from the tailings pond of the No. 9 lepidolite ore dressing plant in Fengtian Industrial Park, Fengxin County, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province (collection method: mechanically excavating the surface tailings).

[0043] S200, microbial co-fermentation: The bacterial liquid concentrations of commercially available Bacillus aryabhattai and Enterococcus faecium (deposit number CGMCC.NO.32062) are 4.55×10 10 cfu / ml and 5.24×10 10cfu / ml, prepare a mixed bacterial solution at a volume ratio (in liquid state) of 2:1, spray it onto the mixed materials at a mass ratio of 2% - 6% and mix well. Transfer the materials to a fermentation tank, control the fermentation temperature at 32.5 °C and the humidity at 67%, and conduct fermentation for 5 days. During the fermentation process, stir the materials once every 6 hours; Enterococcus faecium (preservation number CGMCC.NO.32062) is amplified using a special fermentation medium, and its formulation is: tryptone 15 g / L, yeast powder 5 g / L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2 g / L, ammonium sulfate 1 g / L, magnesium sulfate 0.5 g / L, trace amounts of ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc chloride, cobalt chloride; the pH is 7.1, sterilize at a pressure of 0.105 MPa and a temperature of 121 °C for 20 min, and the shaking culture temperature is 25 °C for 16 hours. Bacillus aryabhattai can be cultured in the conventional manner. The strain characteristics and functions of Bacillus aryabhattai (preservation number CGMCC.NO.32597) have been disclosed in Patent CN120097758A.

[0044] S300, microwave reaction: Transfer the materials after fermentation to a microwave reaction device, heat to 145 °C at a frequency of 2450 MHz and a power of 10 kW, and maintain for 30 minutes.

[0045] S400, granulation: After cooling to room temperature, add a binder, an immune activator, and Bacillus velezensis (preservation number CGMCC.NO.32064), mix evenly and prepare granules with a particle size of 3 - 5 mm through a granulator; the binder is sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, and the addition amount is 2% of the total mass; the addition amount of the immune activator is 10% of the total mass; the active bacteria concentration in the solid bacterial powder of Bacillus velezensis (preservation number CGMCC.NO.32064) is 3.53×10 10 cfu / ml.

[0046] Bacillus velezensis (with deposit number CGMCC.NO.32064) is amplified using a special fermentation medium, and its formulation is as follows: tryptone 15 g / L, yeast powder 5 g / L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2 g / L, ammonium sulfate 1 g / L, magnesium sulfate 0.5 g / L, trace amounts of ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc chloride, cobalt chloride; the pH is 6.7, sterilized at a pressure of 0.105 MPa and a temperature of 121 °C for 20 min, the shaking culture temperature is 26 °C, and after culturing for 28 hours, the bacterial liquid is prepared into bacterial powder using conventional vacuum freeze-drying technology for later use. The said Bacillus velezensis (with deposit number CGMCC.NO.32064) has been disclosed in patent CN119930348A.

[0047] S500, drying: Use a hot air dryer to dry at 35 °C for 6 hours to reduce the water content of the fertilizer to 22.6%.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] The difference from Example 1 is as follows: The proportion of each material in the fertilizer is carried out according to the ratio of mineral waste, sepiolite clay, lepidolite tailings, immune activator and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria agent being 45%, 20%, 15%, 5%, 15%.

[0050] The bacterial liquid concentrations of commercially available Bacillus aryabhattai and Enterococcus faecium (with deposit number CGMCC.NO.32062) are 5.11× cfu / ml and 4.89× cfu / ml respectively, and the volume ratio is 3:1.

[0051] The active bacteria concentration in the solid bacterial powder of Bacillus velezensis (with deposit number CGMCC.NO.32064) is 2.11× cfu / ml.

[0052] The field test is as follows: Fertilizer product quality test one Select a mining chemical plant in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province to carry out the preparation test, and all material ratios are carried out according to Example 1. A total of 1600 kg of mineral waste, sepiolite clay powder and lepidolite tailings are dried in an oven (temperature control range is 60 - 80 °C) to ensure moderate moisture content for subsequent processing. After removing impurities from these mineral materials, they are ground to 150 mesh by a Raymond mill and then mixed evenly using a high-efficiency mixer. After spraying Bacillus aryabhattai and Enterococcus faecium, they are evenly mixed, and microbial fermentation is completed in a 5000 L fermentation tank. Then, the fermented materials are subjected to microwave treatment in a medium-sized industrial microwave chemical reactor, and after completion, they are naturally cooled to room temperature. After adding an immune activator and Bacillus velezensis to the materials and mixing them evenly, the fertilizer is granulated by a granulator with a size of 3 - 5 mm; finally, a hot air dryer and a screening machine are used to complete the drying and screening of the granulated fertilizer to ensure uniform particles and prepare for subsequent performance testing and application. The same batch of materials is selected for each mineral raw material, and each treatment is repeated 3 times.

[0053] Treatment group 1: The preparation process of Example 1, with both microbial co-fermentation and microwave treatment steps.

[0054] Treatment group 2: The preparation process of Example 1, only without completing the microbial co-fermentation step, replaced by static standing for the same number of days.

[0055] Treatment group 3: The preparation process of Example 1, only without completing the microwave treatment step, replaced by static standing for the same number of days.

[0056] Treatment group 4: The preparation process of Example 1, without completing the microbial co-fermentation step and the

[0057] microwave treatment step, replaced by static standing for the same number of days.

[0058] Treatment group 5: "Multi-micro mineral fertilizer" of Inner Mongolia Lanjing Ecological Technology Co., Ltd. (Registration number: Agricultural fertilizer (2025) Zhunzi No. 0125).

[0059] Treatment group 6: "Yitongmeite microbial fertilizer" of Beijing Fuyuan Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd. (Registration number: Microbial fertilizer (2024) Zhunzi No. 0882).

[0060] For the mineral biological fertilizers prepared in Treatment groups 1 - 4, in each treatment repetition, 5 times are randomly selected by batch, 200 g each time, mixed evenly, and the parameters are measured together with Treatment groups 5 and 6.

[0061]

[0062] Table 1

[0063] The national standard is "NY / T798 - 2015 Compound Microbial Fertilizer"

[0064] As can be seen from Table 1, Treatment Groups 1, 5, and 6 met the agricultural industry standard of "Compound Microbial Fertilizer NY / T 798-2015". The organic matter content of Treatment Group 2 was significantly lower than that of Treatment Groups 1, 3, and 4, indicating that microbial co-fermentation promoted the fixation of organic matter in the materials. During the microwave treatment process, high temperatures would cause the volatilization of unstable ammonia nitrogen, resulting in nitrogen loss. The total nutrient content of Treatment Groups 1 and 3 was significantly higher than that of Treatment Groups 2 and 4, indicating that Enterococcus faecium (preservation number CGMCC.NO.32062) absorbed and stably transformed nitrogen in the materials, reducing nutrient loss and improving fertilizer quality. Since Bacillus velezensis (preservation number CGMCC.NO.32064) was added in the final step, there was no significant difference in the effective viable count among Treatment Groups 1, 2, and 3. The significant decrease in the effective viable count of Treatment Group 4 compared to other groups was due to the complex microbial community in the materials without microbial co-fermentation and microwave treatment, which competitively inhibited Bacillus velezensis (preservation number CGMCC.NO.32064). The heterotrophic bacteria rate and fecal coliform count of Treatment Groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than those of Treatment Groups 3 and 4, and the ascarid mortality rate of Treatment Groups 1 and 2 was significantly higher than that of Treatment Groups 3 and 4, confirming that microwave treatment played a decisive role in killing pathogenic bacteria and eggs in the materials. Since the mineral waste was previously used for urban sewage purification, strict high-temperature and high-frequency disinfection processes were necessary to ensure the biosafety of the fertilizer. The content of available phosphorus was ranked in descending order of significance as Treatment Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, indicating not only that Bacillus aryabhattai promoted the effective activation of insoluble phosphorus during microbial co-fermentation but also that microwave treatment could promote the release of phosphorus in minerals. In summary, Treatment Group 1 met the national standard, and the comprehensive quality of the fertilizer was better than that of Treatment Groups 2, 3, and 4. Perhaps due to differences in process and composition, the total nutrient and effective viable count of Treatment Group 1 were not significantly higher than those of Treatment Groups 5 and 6, but the available phosphorus content of Treatment Group 1 was significantly higher than that of 5 and 6. The specific usage effects still need to be verified later.

[0065] Fertilizer Product Quality Test II

[0066] The preparation test was carried out in a laboratory in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and all material ratios were carried out according to Example 2. A total of 500 kg of mineral waste, sepiolite clay powder and lepidolite tailings were dried in an oven (temperature control range of 60 - 80 °C) to ensure moderate moisture content for subsequent processing. After removing impurities from these mineral materials, they were ground to 150 mesh by a Raymond mill and then mixed evenly using a high-efficiency mixer. After spraying Bacillus aryabhattai and Enterococcus faecium, they were evenly mixed and microbial fermentation was completed in a 1000 L fermentation tank. Then, the fermented material was subjected to microwave treatment in a medium-sized industrial microwave chemical reactor and naturally cooled to room temperature after completion. The material was mixed evenly after adding an immune activator and Bacillus velezensis, and the fertilizer was granulated by a granulator to a size of 3 - 5 mm; finally, a hot air dryer and a screening machine were used to complete the drying and screening of the granulated fertilizer to ensure uniform particles and prepare for subsequent performance testing and application. The same batch of materials was selected for each mineral raw material, and each treatment was repeated 3 times.

[0067] Treatment group 1: The preparation process of Example 2.

[0068] Treatment group 2: The preparation process of Example 2, only without adding mineral waste, and replacing it with the same amount of sepiolite clay powder and lepidolite tailings.

[0069] Treatment group 3: The preparation process of Example 2, only without adding sepiolite clay powder and lepidolite tailings, and replacing it with the same amount of mineral waste.

[0070] Treatment group 4: The preparation process of Example 2, only without adding Bacillus velezensis (deposit number CGMCC.NO.32064), and replacing it with commercially available Bacillus velezensis.

[0071] Treatment group 5: The preparation process of Example 2, only without adding an immune activator, and replacing it with a commercially available conventional plant nutrient solution.

[0072] Treatment group 6: "Yiwangnong Mineral Fertilizer" of Hebei Wangnong Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd. (registration number: Hebei Agricultural Fertilizer (2023) Approval No. 3057).

[0073]

[0074] Table 2

[0075] As can be seen from Table 2, the ratios of mineral waste, sepiolite clay powder, and lepidolite tailings in Treatment Groups 1, 4, and 5 are the same, so there are basically no significant differences in the material compositions. The silicon mass fraction in Treatment Groups 1, 4, and 5 is significantly lower than that in Treatment Group 2 and significantly higher than that in Treatment Group 3, which proves that the silicon content in the mineral waste raw material itself is lower than that in sepiolite clay powder and lepidolite tailings; similar comparisons can also confirm that, relative to sepiolite clay powder and lepidolite tailings, the calcium content in the mineral waste raw material itself is higher, while the magnesium and potassium contents are lower. The reasonable ratio of the three materials can adjust the contents of various nutrients. However, the available phosphorus content in Treatment Groups 1, 4, and 5 is significantly higher than that in Treatment Group 2, which proves that the mineral waste can greatly guarantee the available phosphorus content of the fertilizer; at the same time, the total porosity content in Treatment Groups 1 and 4 is significantly higher than that in Treatment Group 3, which proves that sepiolite clay powder and lepidolite tailings can effectively improve the total porosity of the fertilizer, which is beneficial to loosening the physical structure of the soil, improving aeration, and promoting plant root growth.

[0076] Fertilizer Planting Effect Test 1

[0077] According to the fertilizer treatment in Example 2, in mid-May 2024, a net room test plot in Hangzhou, Zhejiang was selected to carry out a sweet potato planting experiment. The tested variety was Xushu 18 to test the planting performance of the fertilizer in Example 2. A vegetable planting base in Hangzhou, Zhejiang was selected, and the experimental plots were divided. The plot size was 6m×2m, the row spacing was 80cm, and the plant spacing was 25cm. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each experimental plot was separated by oiled paper between the microplots to ensure the independence of the fertilization effects of each plot. Before the experiment started, the ground was uniformly cleared and the plot was leveled. At the same time, the organic matter, available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents of the treated soil were adjusted to be basically the same (soil conditions were consistent). Before planting sweet potato seedlings, the prepared mineral biological fertilizer was evenly plowed and applied to the soil at a rate of 50 kg per mu, and watering and weeding operations were carried out in the same way as the conventional planting management method. Samples were taken twice at 84 days after planting and at the harvest stage, divided into leaves, petioles, stems, and tubers, and various indicators in each treatment group were detected.

[0078] Treatment Group 1: No fertilization.

[0079] Treatment Group 2: The preparation process of Example 2.

[0080] Treatment Group 3: The preparation process of Example 2, only without adding mineral waste, and replacing it with the same amount of sepiolite clay powder and lepidolite tailings.

[0081] Treatment Group 4: The preparation process of Example 2, only without adding sepiolite clay powder and lepidolite tailings, and replacing it with the same amount of mineral waste.

[0082] Treatment group 5: The preparation process of Example 2, except that Bacillus velezensis (deposit number CGMCC.NO.32064) is not added, and a commercially available Bacillus velezensis is used as a substitute.

[0083] Treatment group 6: The preparation process of Example 2, except that the immune activator is not added, and a commercially available conventional plant nutrient solution is used as a substitute.

[0084] Treatment group 7: "Yitongmeite microbial fertilizer" of Beijing Fuyuan Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd. (registration number: microbial fertilizer (2024) Zhunzi No. 0882), at a rate of 2 kg / mu according to the regulations.

[0085] Treatment group 8: "Multi-micro mineral fertilizer" of Inner Mongolia Lanjing Ecological Technology Co., Ltd. (registration number: agricultural fertilizer (2025) Zhunzi No. 0125), at a rate of 20 kg / mu according to the regulations.

[0086]

[0087] Table 3

[0088] As can be seen from Table 3, Treatment group 2 was significantly higher than other treatment groups in terms of aboveground dry weight, tuber dry weight, and fresh sweet potato yield, which proved that Treatment group 2 effectively increased the yield of sweet potatoes. Except for the index of total soluble sugar content in the stem, Treatment groups 3 and 4 were significantly lower than Treatment group 2 in all aspects, which proved that only by reasonably matching mineral waste materials, sepiolite clay powder, and lepidolite tailings and comprehensively improving air permeability and nutrient content could the growth and development of sweet potatoes be promoted. All indexes of Treatment group 5 were significantly lower than those of Treatment group 2, proving that the addition of Bacillus velezensis (deposit number CGMCC.NO.32064) could effectively increase the yield of sweet potatoes and the ability of sugar transportation. Except that there was no significant difference in leaf sucrose content, all indexes of Treatment group 6 were significantly lower than those of Treatment group 2, indicating that the immune activator could effectively promote plant growth. Further, it was found that the fresh sweet potato yield, sucrose content in leaves, petioles, and stems, and total soluble sugar content in leaves of Treatment group 5 were significantly lower than those of Treatment group 6, indicating that Bacillus velezensis (deposit number CGMCC.NO.32064) had a greater promoting effect on plants than the immune activator. The indexes of Treatment groups 7 and 8 were not significantly higher than those of Treatment group 2. As a microbial fertilizer, the aboveground dry weight and petiole sucrose content of Treatment group 7 were significantly lower than those of Treatment group 8 and there were no significant differences in other indexes, indicating that the use of microbial fertilizers needed to be combined with balanced nutrients. In summary, the addition and reasonable matching of each component in Treatment group 2 were necessary to achieve the best use effect.

[0089] The detection methods of the relevant parameters involved in Tables 1 - 3 are as follows: 1. Detection methods for basic physical and chemical indicators Indicator name Testing standards Calculation method Organic matter content (g / kg) NY / T1121.6-2006 Potassium dichromate oxidation-external heating method, result = oxidant consumption × correction factor × 1000 <![CDATA[Total nutrients (N + P2O5 + K2O) (%)]]> NY / T1977-2010 Nitrogen (Kjeldahl method) + Phosphorus (vanadium molybdenum yellow colorimetry) + Potassium (flame photometry) Effective viable bacteria count (billion / g) NY / T2321-2013 <![CDATA[Plate counting method, number of colonies × dilution factor × 10⁻ 8 > Miscellaneous bacteria rate (%) NY / T2321-2013 (Number of non-target colonies / total number of colonies) × 100% Moisture (%) GB / T8576-2010 105℃ constant weight method, (weight loss / sample mass)×100% Available phosphorus (%) NY / T1498-2008 Sodium bicarbonate extraction-molybdenum antimony colorimetric method pH NY / T1377-2007 Water-soil ratio 5:1 suspension, pH meter measurement Fecal coliform count (units / g) GB / T19524.2-2004 MPN method (most probable number method) Ascaris egg mortality rate (%) GB / T19524.1-2004 (Number of dead eggs / total number of eggs) × 100% 2. Detection methods for mineral elements Indicator name Testing standards Calculation method Silicon (Si) mass fraction (%) GB / T14506.3-2010 XRF spectrometry or alkali fusion-molybdenum blue colorimetry Calcium (Ca) mass fraction (%) GB / T176-2017 EDTA titration or atomic absorption spectrometry Magnesium (Mg) mass fraction (%) GB / T176-2017 Atomic absorption spectroscopy <![CDATA[Mass fraction of potassium (K2O) (%)]]> GB / T176-2017 Flame photometry Total porosity (%) LY / T1215-1999 Ring knife method, [(saturated weight - dry weight) / ring knife volume] × 100% 3. Detection methods for bioactivity indicators Indicator name Testing standards Calculation method Sucrose content (% of dry weight) NY / T2742-2015 Anthrone colorimetric method: Calculate the concentration using the standard curve method × (extract volume / sample dry weight) × 100% Total soluble sugar (% of dry weight) NY / T2742-2015 Phenol-sulfuric acid method: Calculate the concentration using the standard curve method × (extract volume / sample dry weight) × 100% 4. Calculation methods for agronomic traits Indicator name Calculation formula Dry weight above ground (g / plant) (Drying weight of aboveground part of single plant) Root dry weight (g / plant) (Drying mass of single root tuber) Fresh potato yield (t / ha) (Total weight of fresh potatoes in the plot × 10,000) / (Area of plot × 1,000) 5. Key parameters of experimental design Significance test: Letter marking method (a, b, c...): Duncan's new multiple range test (p < 0.05); Judgment of compliance with national standards, based on the limits of "NY / T 798-2015 Compound Microbial Fertilizer": Effective viable count ≥ 0.20 × 10^8 / g; Mixed bacteria rate ≤ 30%; Mortality rate of Ascaris eggs ≥ 95%

[0090] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to equivalent embodiments by using the disclosed technical content within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any brief modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements, characterized in that, This fertilizer is composed of the following components by mass percentage: Mineral waste: 45% - 60%; Sepiolite clay: 20% - 35%; Lepidolite tailings: 10% - 25%; Immune activator: 5% - 10%; Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria agent: 10% - 15%.

2. The mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements according to claim 1, characterized in that The mineral waste is composed of calcium-based bentonite and trace element minerals. Calcium-based bentonite accounts for 80% - 90% of the mineral waste, and trace element minerals account for 10% - 20% of the mineral waste, with a fineness of 200 - 600 mesh.

3. The mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements according to claim 2, wherein The trace element minerals are composed of borax, zinc sulfate, and manganese sulfate. Among them, borax accounts for 20% - 30% of the trace element minerals, zinc sulfate accounts for 35% - 45% of the trace element minerals, and manganese sulfate accounts for 30% - 40% of the trace element minerals.

4. A mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation of the sepiolite clay includes: screening and removing large particle impurities; grinding to a fineness of 100 - 200 mesh.

5. A mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation of the lepidolite tailings includes: magnetic separation to remove magnetic impurities; adding a flotation agent for flotation treatment.

6. A mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements according to claim 1, characterized in that, The immune activator is composed of plant-derived polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polypeptides. Among them, plant-derived polysaccharides account for 35% - 45% of the immune activator, oligosaccharides account for 30% - 40% of the immune activator, and polypeptides account for 20% - 30% of the immune activator.

7. A mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific steps of the preparation method of the mineral bio-fertilizer are as follows: S100, raw material mixing: Add the mineral waste, sepiolite clay, and lepidolite tailings to a mixer according to the set ratio and stir at a certain speed; S200, microbial co-fermentation: Spray the mixed bacterial solution onto the mixed materials, transfer the materials to a fermentation device for fermentation, and regularly stir the materials during the fermentation process; S300, microwave reaction: Transfer the materials after fermentation to a microwave treatment device for heating; S400, granulation: After cooling to room temperature, add a binder, an immune activator, and Bacillus velezensis, mix evenly, and prepare granules through a granulation device; S500, drying: Dry at a low temperature through a hot air drying device until the water content ≤ 25%.

8. A mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements according to claim 7, characterized in that, For the S200, the mixed bacterial liquid in the microbial co-fermentation is composed of Bacillus aryabhattai and Enterococcus faecium, and the volume ratio thereof is 2-3:1-2, and the bacterial liquid concentration is 3-6×10 10 cfu / ml.

9. A mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the S200, microbial co-fermentation, Enterococcus faecium and Bacillus velezensis are both amplified using a special fermentation medium. The ratio is: tryptone 15 g / L, yeast powder 5 g / L, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2 g / L, ammonium sulfate 1 g / L, magnesium sulfate 0.5 g / L, trace amounts of ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, zinc chloride, cobalt chloride; the pH is 6.5 - 7.5, sterilize at 0.105 MPa pressure and 121 °C for 15 - 30 min, the shaking culture temperature is 20 - 35 °C, culture for 16 - 32 hours, and prepare the bacterial powder of Bacillus velezensis through the conventional vacuum freeze-drying technology for later use.

10. A mineral biological fertilizer for supplementing soil nutrient elements according to claim 7, characterized in that, For the S400, the concentration of viable bacteria in the solid bacterial powder of *Bacillus velezensis* during granulation is 2 - 4×10 10 cfu / ml, and the addition amount is 10% - 15% of the total mass; the binder is sodium carboxymethylcellulose or polyvinyl alcohol, and the addition amount is 2% - 3% of the total mass; the addition amount of the immune activator is 5% - 10% of the total mass.

Images