Wear-resistant steel ball impact test equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses wear-resistant steel ball impact test equipment which comprises a mounting bracket which is formed by splicing a plurality of sliding plates, a test channel is defined by the mounting bracket and a base, and an electromagnet array arranged in an arc shape is arranged on the inner wall of the test channel; the array comprises a first positive electrode electromagnet, a second positive electrode electromagnet, a third positive electrode electromagnet and a fourth positive electrode electromagnet, the first positive electrode electromagnet and the second positive electrode electromagnet are vertically arranged at intervals, and the third positive electrode electromagnet and the fourth positive electrode electromagnet are bilaterally symmetrically arranged. And the sum of the widths of the first positive electromagnet and the second positive electromagnet is equal to the lengths of the third positive electromagnet and the fourth positive electromagnet. According to the wear-resistant steel ball impact test equipment, the unique NS concave circulating magnetic field array design is adopted, steel ball acceleration is achieved through electromagnetic repulsive force, pre-damage caused by traditional mechanical striking is thoroughly avoided, and the authenticity and accuracy of steel ball anti-fatigue performance testing are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wear-resistant steel ball tests, and specifically to a wear-resistant steel ball impact test device. Background Technique

[0002] In the operation of a shot blasting machine, wear-resistant steel balls, as the core projectile medium, achieve process objectives such as rust removal, strengthening, or shaping by impacting the surface of metal workpieces at high speed. The steel balls need to circulate in the equipment and withstand high-frequency and high-energy impacts. For example, there are tens of thousands of cycles of projectile shooting per hour. Their anti-fatigue fragmentation ability directly affects the following key indicators. The fragmentation of steel balls will lead to uneven shot density, affecting the surface treatment quality of workpieces, such as coating adhesion and roughness. The fragments of broken steel balls accelerate the wear of components such as the impeller and guard plate of the shot blasting machine, increasing the frequency of shutdown maintenance;

[0003] Therefore, accurately evaluating the cyclic impact life of steel balls through anti-fatigue fragmentation ability tests is the core technical requirement for optimizing shot blasting process parameters, screening qualified steel ball products, and reducing industrial costs.

[0004] Currently, the anti-fatigue fragmentation test equipment for wear-resistant steel balls used in shot blasting machines generally adopts an energy-charging and impact-driven scheme. Its working principle is to release energy through mechanical energy-storing components such as springs and cylinders, directly strike the steel balls to make them accelerate, and collide with the target material at the end of the track;

[0005] However, the steel balls need to have a rigid collision with the hammer head of the striking component at the start stage of the test to obtain initial kinetic energy. However, the pre-collision process will induce microcracks on the surface of the steel balls or internal stress concentration, resulting in a lower first fragmentation threshold and shorter cyclic life of the steel balls in subsequent anti-fatigue tests. The test results cannot truly reflect the actual service performance of the steel balls in the shot blasting machine. Secondly, the movement of the steel balls on the track depends on inertial rolling, and the sliding friction resistance of their contact surface with the track, especially when the surface roughness of the steel balls used in shot blasting machines is relatively high, will cause kinetic energy loss. Therefore, a wear-resistant steel ball impact test device is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wear-resistant steel ball impact test device to solve the problems of excessive friction and insufficient power of the steel balls during the collision test proposed in the above background technique.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A wear-resistant steel ball impact test device, comprising:

[0008] The mounting bracket is composed of multiple sliding plates spliced together, and a test channel is jointly formed by copper sleeves and a base through electromagnets. An electromagnet array arranged in an arc shape is provided on the inner wall of the test channel. The array includes a first positive electromagnet, a second positive electromagnet, a third positive electromagnet, and a fourth positive electromagnet. Among them, the first positive electromagnet and the second positive electromagnet are arranged at intervals up and down, the third positive electromagnet and the fourth positive electromagnet are symmetrically arranged left and right, and the sum of the widths of the first positive electromagnet and the second positive electromagnet is equal to the length of the third positive electromagnet and the fourth positive electromagnet.

[0009] Copper sleeves distributed oppositely are provided at the top of the test channel. The copper sleeves are connected to the copper plates in the positioning grooves through conductors, and the inner surface of the copper sleeves fits the shape of the top of the wear-resistant steel balls.

[0010] The mounting bracket spliced by plates and the base form a closed test channel. The electromagnet array generates a uniform magnetic field through the up-and-down and left-and-right symmetrical layouts to drive the steel balls to accelerate. The copper sleeves match the shape of the steel balls to ensure the conductivity and stability of the contact surface. The conductors connect the copper plates to achieve current transmission and provide power for the electromagnets.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the electromagnet array adopts an NS magnetic pole concave circular arrangement structure, and the magnetic pole surfaces of the first positive electromagnet, the second positive electromagnet, the third positive electromagnet, and the fourth positive electromagnet form an alternating magnetic field gradient along the axis direction of the test channel.

[0012] Adopting the above technical solution, through the concave circular arrangement (attached Figure 9 ), the magnetic poles of adjacent electromagnets alternate (N-S-N-S), forming a continuous magnetic field gradient in the channel. This design maximizes the magnetic field intensity (the magnetic force reaches 8710g in the embodiment), enables the steel balls to be accelerated by a uniform repulsive force, avoids speed fluctuations, and improves the test accuracy.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the copper sleeve is composed of a semi-circular copper shell, and the copper sleeve forms a detachable connection structure with the partition through a connecting seam.

[0014] Adopting the above technical solution, the semi-circular copper sleeve (attached Figure 4 、 5 ) fits the top of the steel balls, increases the contact area, and reduces the resistance loss. The detachable design facilitates the replacement of worn parts or the adjustment of the copper sleeve spacing to adapt to steel balls of different diameters (such as adjusting to D + 0.1mm in step 2).

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a cable routing channel perpendicular to the conductor is provided on the side wall of the mounting bracket. This cable routing channel forms a cross-distributed cable routing network with the copper plate through a bridging structure, and the outer surface of the cable is coated with a graphite lubricating coating. The side wall of the mounting bracket is provided with a cable routing channel perpendicular to the conductor. This cable routing channel forms a cross-distributed cable routing network with the copper plate through a bridging structure, and the outer surface of the cable is coated with a graphite lubricating coating.

[0016] Adopting the above technical solution, the cable routing channel (attached Figure 6 ) optimizes the cable layout and avoids wire entanglement. The cross distribution reduces electromagnetic interference, and the graphite coating reduces the risk of cable friction and electric sparks, ensuring stable power transmission (such as monitoring current fluctuations in step 4).

[0017] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a sliding groove that slidably cooperates with the base is provided at the bottom of the sliding plate. The sliding groove is filled with a cold welding agent and covered with a graphite lubricating layer. A reinforcing rib structure perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding plate is provided at the bottom of the base. The height of the reinforcing rib is twice the thickness of the base, and the spacing of the reinforcing ribs is equal to the width of the sliding plate.

[0018] Adopting the above technical solution, the cold welding agent in the sliding groove enhances the bonding strength between the sliding plate and the base, and the graphite layer reduces sliding friction (the speed is increased to 107.69 km / h in the embodiment). The reinforcing rib structure (such as the vertical ribs at the bottom of the base) improves rigidity, prevents deformation, and ensures that the horizontal error of the test channel is ≤0.1° (step 1).

[0019] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a wire management board with a spring buckle is provided at the connection between the conductor and the copper plate. The spacing of the wire management boards is equal to the width of the cable routing channel, and a gasket for preventing electric sparks and insulation is provided on the surface of the wire management board.

[0020] Adopting the above technical solution, the spring buckle facilitates the quick installation or adjustment of the cable position (attached Figure 6 ), and the gasket (such as insulating material) prevents electric sparks from damaging the circuit, ensuring the safety of high-current transmission (such as the initial current of 30 A in step 2).

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the connection seam between the partition plate and the copper sleeve is filled with a cold welding agent, and a graphite lubricating layer with a thickness of 2 mm is coated on the surface of the cold welding agent.

[0022] Adopting the above technical solution, the cold welding agent fills the gap to prevent loosening. The graphite layer reduces the frictional loss between the steel ball and the connection seam (the speed is significantly increased after lubrication in the embodiment), and at the same time avoids energy loss caused by poor electrical contact.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, infrared velocity measurement modules are arranged at equal intervals on the inner wall of the test channel, the distance between adjacent velocity measurement modules is 10 cm, and the detection surface of the velocity measurement module is arranged flush with the magnetic pole surface of the electromagnet.

[0024] With the above technical solution, the infrared module monitors the speed of the steel ball in real time (sampling frequency 1 kHz in step 4), and the data is used to generate a speed decay curve. The flush arrangement avoids magnetic field interference and ensures the velocity measurement accuracy (such as the target speed ≥ 100 km / h in step 3).

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the contact surface between the copper sleeve and the conductor is inclined at an angle of 45°, and a coil column that is in interference fit with the positioning hole is provided at the end of the conductor, and the clearance tolerance between the diameter of the coil column and the diameter of the positioning hole does not exceed 0.05 mm.

[0026] With the above technical solution, the 45° inclination angle optimizes the current transmission path and reduces the contact resistance. The interference-fitted coil column (attached Figure 6 ) ensures a tight connection and prevents current interruption caused by loosening (such as the calculation of the energy loss rate in step 4).

[0027] A wear-resistant steel ball impact test method, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0028] Step 1: Fix the mounting bracket to the base to ensure that the level error of the test channel ≤ 0.1°;

[0029] Check the NS surface concave circular array arrangement state of the electromagnet group, and verify that the magnetic field intensity difference between adjacent electromagnets ≤ 5% through a magnetometer;

[0030] Uniformly coat a graphite lubricating layer on the inner surface of the copper sleeve and the surface of the slide plate, and control the thickness within 0.3 ± 0.05 mm;

[0031] Calibrate the infrared velocity measurement module, set the sampling frequency to 1 kHz, covering the entire length of the test channel.

[0032] Step 2: Select a steel ball sample to be tested, measure its diameter D, and adjust the copper sleeve spacing to (D + 0.1 mm) to form a clearance fit;

[0033] Place the steel ball in the initial acceleration section of the test channel, and position it through the chute so that the central axis of the steel ball coincides with the center line of the electromagnet group;

[0034] Set the electromagnet drive parameters according to the steel ball material. The current in the initial acceleration stage is 30 A, the pulse width is 5 ms, and the current in the maintenance stage is 15 A, with continuous power supply.

[0035] Step 3: Start the electromagnet group, activate it in the NS alternating order, and accelerate the steel ball in the test channel to the target speed V (V ≥ 100 km / h);

[0036] The steel ball enters the impact area through the slide plate and makes a direct collision with the target material (tungsten carbide alloy plate), and the collision angle error ≤ 1°;

[0037] Circular control. After each collision is completed, the steel ball returns to the initial position through the reverse electromagnetic field, and the acceleration - collision cycle is repeated until surface cracks or breakage occur on the steel ball.

[0038] Step 4: Use the infrared velocity measurement module to record the instantaneous velocity of the steel ball after each acceleration in real time and generate a velocity decay curve;

[0039] Use a high - speed camera with a frame rate ≥ 10 - 4fps to capture the deformation characteristics of the steel ball at the moment of collision and analyze the maximum contact stress;

[0040] Monitor the current fluctuation at the contact surface between the copper sleeve and the steel ball, calculate the energy loss rate, and record the number of cycles when the first crack appears on the steel ball and the number of complete breakages.

[0041] Step 5: Turn off the power supply of the electromagnet and clean the steel ball fragments in the test channel;

[0042] Check the wear conditions of the surfaces of the copper sleeve and the slide plate. If the loss of the graphite layer > 50%, it needs to be recoated;

[0043] Export the test data and generate an anti - fatigue life distribution map and an energy loss comparison report.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the anti - wear steel ball impact test equipment of the present invention are as follows:

[0045] Adopt a unique NS concave - shaped circular magnetic field array design, realize the acceleration of the steel ball through electromagnetic repulsion, completely avoid the pre - damage caused by traditional mechanical hitting, ensure the authenticity and accuracy of the anti - fatigue performance test of the steel ball. Through the synergistic effect of the curved - surface contact conductive structure, the graphite lubricating layer and the cold - welding agent filling, significantly reduce the frictional resistance and energy loss during the movement of the steel ball, improve the acceleration efficiency and test stability. The modular design of the detachable copper sleeve and the chute reinforcing rib supports the rapid adaptation of different - sized steel balls, simplifies the equipment debugging process, enhances the versatility and operation flexibility of the test equipment. Integrate high - precision infrared velocity measurement and high - speed deformation capture functions, realize the synchronous monitoring of the movement parameters and collision deformation of the steel ball, provide multi - dimensional data support for anti - fatigue performance analysis. Based on the automatic return material control based on the reverse electromagnetic field and the graphite layer loss monitoring technology, realize the long - cycle continuous test and the equipment self - maintenance function, and greatly improve the test efficiency and the service life of the equipment. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0046] Figure 1 It is a three - dimensional structure schematic diagram of the installation bracket of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2 Schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the mounting bracket of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 Schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the mounting bracket of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 Schematic installation structure diagram of the mounting bracket and the copper bushing of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 Schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the copper bushing and the partition of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 Schematic three-dimensional overall structure diagram of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 Schematic flat arrangement structure diagram of the electromagnets of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 8 Schematic alternating structure diagram of the NS surfaces of the electromagnets of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 9 Schematic concave circular array structure diagram of the NS surfaces of the electromagnets of the present invention.

[0055] In the figure: 1, mounting bracket; 2, copper bushing; 3, base; 4, partition; 5, slide plate; 6, conductor; 7, positioning groove; 8, coil column; 9, cable routing channel; 10, cable; 11, test channel; 12, first positive electromagnet; 13, second positive electromagnet; 14, third positive electromagnet; 15, fourth positive electromagnet; 16, copper plate; 17, gasket; 18, chute; 19, connection seam; 20, wire board. Specific embodiments

[0056] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0057] Please refer to Figures 1-9 , the present invention provides a technical solution: a wear-resistant steel ball impact test device, including:

[0058] The mounting bracket 1 is the main overall framework, which controls multiple electromagnets at intervals. The copper sleeve 2, together with the electromagnets and the base 3, encloses the test channel 11. The mounting bracket 1 and the base 3 form a test channel 11 for the rolling of wear-resistant steel balls. The inner walls of the multiple electromagnets are arc-shaped to adapt to the shape of the wear-resistant steel balls. The electromagnets are arranged in an array. The first positive-pole electromagnet 12 and the second positive-pole electromagnet 13 are arranged vertically, and the third positive-pole electromagnet 14 and the fourth positive-pole electromagnet 15 are arranged horizontally. The sum of the widths of the first positive-pole electromagnet 12 and the second positive-pole electromagnet 13 is equal to the length of the third positive-pole electromagnet 14 or the fourth positive-pole electromagnet 15. The first positive-pole electromagnet 12, the second positive-pole electromagnet 13, the third positive-pole electromagnet 14, and the fourth positive-pole electromagnet 15 are electromagnets of the same material and the same size. Multiple monitoring modules are also installed in the mounting bracket 1 at an interval of 10 cm. The monitoring modules are infrared speed measurement modules. Corresponding copper sleeves 2 are arranged at the tops of the multiple electromagnets, and the copper sleeves 2 are arranged horizontally. The outer surface of the copper sleeve 2 is made of soft copper metal, and a corresponding model is arranged inside the copper sleeve 2. The property of this model makes the two opposing copper sleeves 2 form a semi-circular shape, and together with the corresponding electromagnets at the bottom, it forms an arch structure with the same shape as the partition 4. The bottom of the test channel 11 is the contact end of the steel balls, which is in movable contact with the slide plate 5. The semi-circular structure of the copper sleeve 2 is in contact with the top of the steel balls. When the copper sleeve 2 conducts electricity, the steel balls generate repulsive forces with the multiple electromagnets installed inside the mounting bracket 1, causing the steel balls to roll at high speed inside the test channel 11;

[0059] One end of the copper sleeve 2 is provided with a conductor 6, and the position of the conductor 6 matches the position of the positioning groove 7 provided on the mounting bracket 1. On the one hand, it is convenient for wire arrangement, and on the other hand, it is convenient for the alignment and installation of the copper sleeve 2, so that the copper sleeve 2 is vertically corresponding to the electromagnet at the bottom. One side of the mounting bracket 1 is also provided with a wire arrangement channel 9. The wire arrangement channel 9 is in a concave shape and is bridged between the conductor 6 and the copper plate 16. A positioning hole is respectively opened in the copper plate 16 and the inner part of the positioning groove 7, and this positioning hole is used for installing the conductor 6. The conductors 6 are connected by a cable 10, and the cable 10 is connected between multiple conductors 6 in a cross distribution. A support member is arranged at the bottom of the mounting bracket 1, and the support member is a base 3 and a wire management board 20. The wire management boards 20 are evenly distributed, and the interval of the wire management boards 20 is the same as the width of the wire arrangement channel 9. The wire management board 20, the base 3 and the mounting bracket 1 are movably installed and are connected by spring-type buckles, so that the other end of the cable 10 connected to the conductor 6 passes through the wire management board 20 and is connected to the copper plate 16. Obviously, the copper plate 16 is also installed with a conductor 6, and the conductors 6 are vertically distributed up and down and have the same distribution interval. The current and voltage module selected and installed on the mounting bracket 1 is connected to the conductor 6 and the copper sleeve 2, and is used to monitor the magnitude of the current between the copper sleeve 2 and the copper plate 16. The power supply and capacitor configuration used are of different magnitudes in volts. And the steel ball is a mixture of iron and carbon, and its magnetic force is not strong. In order to increase the repulsive force between the steel ball and the electromagnet, the steel ball is in close contact with the conductor 6, and the contact area is large, which can conduct electromagnetic well;

[0060] A connection seam 19 is formed between the copper sleeves 2. After the connection seam 19 is filled with a cold welding agent, graphite is applied for lubrication. The gaps between the partition plate 4, the copper sleeve 2 and the electromagnet are also filled with a cold welding agent and then graphite is applied for lubrication. The connection seams between the first positive electromagnet 12 and the second positive electromagnet 13 or the third positive electromagnet 14 and the fourth positive electromagnet 15 are also filled with a cold welding agent and then graphite is applied for lubrication. On the one hand, it can reduce friction and resistance, on the other hand, it can reduce the influence of electric sparks on the track, and at the same time, it can avoid the unstable current caused by the poor contact between the steel ball and the gap of the copper sleeve 2, which affects the rolling speed;

[0061] In order to maximize the rolling speed of the steel ball, the positional relationship of the first positive electromagnet 12, the second positive electromagnet 13, the third positive electromagnet 14 and the fourth positive electromagnet 15 can be adjusted, and the following experiments are carried out. Please refer to the appendix Figures 7-9 ;

[0062] Figure 7 For the flat arrangement, its magnetic force is 655 g, Figure 8 For the NS surface alternating, its magnetic force is 4555 g, Figure 9 For the NS surface concave circular array, its magnetic force is 8710 g. Thus, it can be seen that Figure 9Its magnetic force is much greater than other arrangements. The greater the magnetic force, the greater the same repulsive force. To ensure the test efficiency, the present invention adopts Figure 9 the electromagnet arrangement of

[0063] Inside the top of the skateboard 5 and the wire arrangement channel 9 of the steel ball, a 32-volt power supply and capacitor configuration are adopted. When cold solder is not filled, poor contact will occur during the preliminary stage of acceleration, and the average speed is 25.71 km / h. The semi-circular structure of the copper sleeve 2 is adopted to increase the contact area and improve the contact effect between the copper sleeve 2 and the steel ball. The average speed is 32.73 km / h, and the speed increases relatively fast compared with before. After filling with cold solder and lubricating with graphite, the average rolling speed of the steel ball is 107.69 km / h. To ensure the rolling speed of the steel ball, not only the contact area but also lubrication and reduction of the track gap should be ensured.

[0064] Surface coating of the spin suppression structure: diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating, hardness > 40 GPa, substrate material: tungsten carbide (WC-12Co), compressive strength 3800 MPa, permanent magnets are arranged in a Halbach array to generate an axial magnetic field of 0.3 T, number of coil turns: 1200 turns / m, wire cross-sectional area 0.5 mm 2 (Jc = 6 A / mm 2 ), cooling channel: microchannel embedded design, coolant flow rate 3 L / min;

[0065] Among them, the design of the bump cone angle reduces the tangential friction coefficient to:

[0066]

[0067] Normal support force improvement:

[0068]

[0069] Under the action of the axial magnetic field B_z, the induced current caused by the spin angular velocity ω:

[0070]

[0071] The braking torque generated:

[0072]

[0073] Profile value: When R = 10 mm and B_z = 0.3 T, M = 0.12 N·m / (rad / s).

[0074] Multi - physical - field sensor array, three - axis MEMS gyroscope: measurement range ±2000° / s, bandwidth 5kHz, magnetoresistive sensor: resolution 10nT, sampling rate 100kSPS, temperature sensor: PT1000 platinum resistance, accuracy ±0.1℃.

[0075] Adopt sliding - mode variable - structure control:

[0076]

[0077] K_p = 50A / rad;

[0078] K_d = 0.2A·s / rad;

[0079] K_i = 5A / (rad·s).

[0080] This device realizes non - contact acceleration and precise collision testing of steel balls through the synergistic effect of electromagnetic drive and contact conduction. The electromagnet array is arranged in a concave - shaped cycle of NS magnetic poles attached Figure 9 , forming an alternating magnetic field gradient in the test channel with a magnetic field intensity of 8710g. The steel ball is pushed to move at high speed through electromagnetic repulsion. The copper sleeve 2 forms a curved - surface contact with the top of the steel ball, conducting current into the electromagnet group to generate a directional magnetic field, avoiding pre - damage caused by mechanical impact. The cold - solder filling and graphite lubricating layer with a thickness of 0.3mm at the bottom of the slide plate 5 reduce the rolling friction coefficient of the steel ball to 0.08, and the speed is increased to 107.69km / h. The infrared speed - measurement module with a spacing of 10cm monitors the speed fluctuation of the steel ball in real - time, and combines with the reverse electromagnetic field to realize cyclic acceleration - collision testing. The high - speed camera ≥10~4fps captures the collision deformation, and accurately evaluates the anti - fatigue performance of the steel ball by calculating the current fluctuation of the copper sleeve through energy loss.

[0081] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is limited by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wear-resistant steel ball impact test device, characterized in that, Comprising: The mounting bracket (1) is formed by splicing a plurality of sliding plates (5), and a test channel (11) is jointly formed by a copper sleeve (2), an electromagnet and a base (3). An electromagnet array arranged in an arc shape is provided on the inner wall of the test channel (11). The array includes a first positive electromagnet (12), a second positive electromagnet (13), a third positive electromagnet (14) and a fourth positive electromagnet (15). The first positive electromagnet (12) and the second positive electromagnet (13) are arranged at intervals up and down. The third positive electromagnet (14) and the fourth positive electromagnet (15) are symmetrically arranged left and right. The sum of the widths of the first positive electromagnet (12) and the second positive electromagnet (13) is equal to the length of the third positive electromagnet (14) and the fourth positive electromagnet (15), and a plurality of electromagnets form a spin suppression structure with each other; Copper sleeves (2) distributed oppositely are provided at the top of the test channel (11). The copper sleeves (2) are connected to a copper plate (16) in a positioning groove (7) through a conductor (6), and the inner surface of the copper sleeve (2) fits the shape of the top of the wear-resistant steel ball.

2. The impact test equipment for wear-resistant steel balls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electromagnet array adopts an NS magnetic pole concave circular arrangement structure. The magnetic pole surfaces of the first positive electromagnet (12), the second positive electromagnet (13), the third positive electromagnet (14) and the fourth positive electromagnet (15) form an alternating magnetic field gradient along the axis direction of the test channel (11).

3. The impact test equipment for wear-resistant steel balls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The copper sleeve (2) is composed of a semi-circular copper shell, and the copper sleeve (2) forms a detachable connection structure with a partition (4) through a connection seam (19).

4. The impact test equipment for wear-resistant steel balls according to claim 1, characterized in that: A wire arrangement channel (9) perpendicular to the conductor (6) is provided on the side wall of the mounting bracket (1). The wire arrangement channel (9) forms a cross-distributed cable (10) wiring network with the copper plate (16) through a bridging structure, and a graphite lubricating coating is coated on the outer surface of the cable (10).

5. The impact test equipment for wear-resistant steel balls according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sliding groove (18) slidably matched with the base (3) is provided at the bottom of the sliding plate (5). A cold welding agent is filled in the sliding groove (18) and a graphite lubricating layer is covered. A reinforcing rib structure perpendicular to the sliding direction of the sliding plate (5) is provided at the bottom of the base (3). The height of the reinforcing rib is twice the thickness of the base (3), and the distance between the reinforcing ribs is equal to the width of the sliding plate (5).

6. The impact test equipment for wear-resistant steel balls according to claim 1, characterized in that: A wire arranging plate (20) with a spring buckle is provided at the connection between the conductor (6) and the copper plate (16). The distance between the wire arranging plates (20) is equal to the width of the wire arrangement channel (9), and a gasket (17) for preventing electric spark insulation is provided on the surface of the wire arranging plate (20).

7. The impact test equipment for wear-resistant steel balls according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection seam (19) between the partition (4) and the copper sleeve (2) is filled with a cold welding agent, and a graphite lubricating layer with a thickness of 2 mm is coated on the surface of the cold welding agent.

8. An impact test device for wear-resistant steel balls according to claim 1, characterized in that: Infrared speed measurement modules are arranged at equal intervals on the inner wall of the test channel (11). The distance between adjacent speed measurement modules is 10 cm, and the detection surface of the speed measurement module is arranged flush with the magnetic pole surface of the electromagnet.

9. The impact test equipment for wear-resistant steel balls according to claim 1, wherein: The contact surface between the copper sleeve (2) and the conductor (6) is at a 45° inclination angle, and a coil column (8) in interference fit with a positioning hole is provided at the end of the conductor (6). The clearance tolerance between the diameter of the coil column (8) and the diameter of the positioning hole does not exceed 0.05 mm.

10. A wear-resistant steel ball impact test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Including the following steps: Step 1: Fix the mounting bracket (1) to the base (3) to ensure that the level error of the test channel (11) is ≤ 0.1°; Check the NS surface concave circular array arrangement state of the electromagnet group (12 - 15), and verify that the magnetic field strength difference between adjacent electromagnets is ≤ 5% through a magnetometer; Uniformly coat a graphite lubricating layer on the inner surface of the copper sleeve (2) and the surface of the slide plate (5), with the thickness controlled at 0.3 ± 0.05 mm; Calibrate the infrared speed measurement module, set the sampling frequency to 1 kHz, covering the entire length of the test channel (11). Step 2: Select a steel ball sample to be tested, measure its diameter D, and adjust the distance between the copper sleeves (2) to (D + 0.1 mm) to form a clearance fit; Place the steel ball in the initial acceleration section of the test channel (11), position it through the chute (18), and make the central axis of the steel ball coincide with the center line of the electromagnet group (12 - 15); Set the electromagnet drive parameters according to the steel ball material. The current in the initial acceleration stage is 30 A, the pulse width is 5 ms, and the current in the maintenance stage is 15 A, with continuous power supply. Step 3: Start the electromagnet group (12 - 15), activate it in the NS alternating order, and accelerate the steel ball in the test channel (11) to the target speed V (V ≥ 100 km / h); The steel ball enters the impact area through the slide plate (5) and makes a head-on collision with the target material (tungsten carbide alloy plate), with the collision angle error ≤ 1°; Perform cyclic control. After each collision, use a reverse electromagnetic field to return the steel ball to the initial position, and repeat the acceleration - collision cycle until the steel ball shows surface cracks or breaks. Step 4: Use the infrared speed measurement module to record the instantaneous speed of the steel ball after each acceleration in real time and generate a speed decay curve; Use a high-speed camera with a frame rate ≥ 10⁴ fps to capture the deformation characteristics of the steel ball at the moment of collision and analyze the maximum contact stress; Monitor the current fluctuation on the contact surface between the copper sleeve (2) and the steel ball, calculate the energy loss rate, and record the number of cycles when the steel ball first shows cracks and the number of complete breaks. Step 5: Turn off the electromagnet power supply and clean the steel ball fragments in the test channel (11); Check the surface wear conditions of the copper sleeve (2) and the slide plate (5). If the graphite layer loss > 50%, it needs to be re-coated; Export the test data and generate an anti-fatigue life distribution map and an energy loss comparison report.

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