Base station antennas and base stations

Abstract

This application provides a base station antenna and a base station. The base station antenna includes a first antenna array, a frequency selective surface, a second antenna array, and an antenna conductive component. The frequency selective surface is located between the first radiator of the radiating element of the first antenna array and the second antenna array. The frequency selective surface is used to reflect the radiated signal of the first antenna array and transmit the radiated signal of the second antenna array. The antenna conductive component is located on the same side of the array surface of the second antenna array as the first antenna array. The antenna conductive component includes a conductive substrate, a first structural unit, and a second structural unit. Both the first and second structural units surround the conductive substrate, are spaced apart and arranged adjacently, and form a capacitor. The base station includes a mast and the base station antenna, with the base station antenna fixed to the mast. This application can improve the electromagnetic shadowing problem caused by the obstruction of metal components.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application. The original application has the application number 202211097482.8 and the original application date is September 8, 2022. The entire contents of the original application are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to a base station antenna and a base station. Background Technology

[0003] In an antenna system, the radiating element may be blocked by surrounding metal components. When electromagnetic waves propagate to these metal components, they are scattered on the surface of the metal components and cannot propagate completely behind them, creating an electromagnetic shadow. For the antenna's signal reception process, this electromagnetic shadow degrades the received signal quality of the radiating element located behind the metal component; for the antenna's signal radiation process, the electromagnetic shadow affects the communication quality of the terminal located behind the metal component. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a base station antenna and a base station that can improve the electromagnetic shadowing problem caused by metal components blocking the light.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a base station antenna, including a first antenna array, a frequency selective surface, a second antenna array, and an antenna conductive component; the frequency selective surface is located between the first radiator of the radiating element of the first antenna array and the second antenna array, and the frequency selective surface is used to reflect the radiated signal of the first antenna array and transmit the radiated signal of the second antenna array; the antenna conductive component is located on the same side of the array surface of the second antenna array as the first antenna array; the antenna conductive component includes a conductive substrate, a first structural unit, and a second structural unit; both the first structural unit and the second structural unit surround the conductive substrate, and the first structural unit and the second structural unit are spaced apart and arranged adjacently to form a capacitor.

[0006] In this application, by positioning the frequency-selective surface between the first radiator of the first antenna array's radiating element and the second antenna array, a stacked arrangement of the first and second antenna arrays can be achieved using the frequency-selective surface as a reference plane. This stacked arrangement allows for the deployment of antenna arrays with more frequency bands and channels within a limited antenna aperture, thus meeting communication requirements. Since the frequency-selective surface allows electromagnetic waves from the second antenna array to pass through, it does not obstruct the signal of the second antenna array. The position of the antenna conductive component physically obstructs the second antenna array. However, because gaps are formed between the structural units in the antenna conductive component, these gaps and the structural units on both sides can form a capacitor. This capacitor confines the electromagnetic waves to propagate within the gaps, allowing the electromagnetic waves to propagate around the antenna conductive component to the rear of it, thereby reducing or eliminating electromagnetic shadowing.

[0007] In one implementation of the first aspect, the antenna conductive component is located between the first antenna array and the second antenna array. In this solution, placing the antenna conductive component between the first antenna array and the second antenna array still satisfies the design requirement that the antenna conductive component and the first antenna array are located on the same side of the second antenna array's array surface. By limiting the position of the antenna conductive component, this solution enables the deployment of antenna arrays with more frequency bands and channels within a limited antenna aperture for a typical application scenario of stacked antennas, while also improving electromagnetic shadowing.

[0008] In one implementation of the first aspect, the conductive substrate includes a feed network connected to the radiating elements of the first antenna array. In this solution, by forming structural units and capacitors on the outside of the feed network, the feed network can possess electromagnetic stealth capabilities, mitigating the electromagnetic shadowing problem caused by the physical obstruction of the second antenna array by the feed network.

[0009] In one implementation of the first aspect, the frequency selective surface is not electrically connected to either the first antenna array or the second antenna array, and / or, the frequency selective surface is not electrically connected to the feed network. In this solution, by making the frequency selective surface electrically disconnected from the antenna array, the feed signal of the antenna array will not be transmitted through the frequency selective surface, thereby shortening the feed path, reducing losses, and simplifying the structure of the frequency selective surface, thus reducing costs. Since the frequency selective surface is not electrically connected to the feed network, which serves as a conductive substrate, there is essentially no coupling between the frequency selective surface and the feed network, ensuring both electromagnetic stealth performance and the frequency selectivity performance of the frequency selective surface.

[0010] In one implementation of the first aspect, the first antenna array and the antenna conductive component are located on the same side of the frequency selective surface. This solution, by defining the positional relationship between the first antenna array, the antenna conductive component, and the frequency selective surface, enables the deployment of antenna arrays with more frequency bands and channels within a limited antenna aperture, and improves electromagnetic shadowing, for a typical application scenario of stacked antennas.

[0011] In one implementation of the first aspect, the radiating element of the first antenna array includes a feeding structure that connects the first radiator to the feeding network and passes through a frequency selective surface; the first radiator and the antenna conductive component are located on opposite sides of the frequency selective surface.

[0012] This solution, by defining the positional relationship between the first antenna array, the antenna conductive components, and the frequency selective surface, enables the deployment of antenna arrays with more frequency bands and channels within a limited antenna aperture for a typical stacked antenna application scenario, while also improving electromagnetic shadowing. In this solution, the position of the frequency selective surface can be determined according to antenna design requirements. Placing the antenna conductive components on the side of the frequency selective surface facing away from the first radiator results in a larger distance between the antenna conductive components and the first radiator, reducing the impact of the antenna conductive components (including the feed network) on the near-field coupling of the first antenna array and ensuring the performance of the first antenna array.

[0013] In one implementation of the first aspect, the frequency selective surface includes a first frequency selective surface and a second frequency selective surface that are stacked and spaced apart, the first frequency selective surface being located between the first radiator and the second frequency selective surface; the radiating element of the first antenna array includes a feeding structure that connects the first radiator and the feeding network, the feeding structure passing through the first frequency selective surface, and the first radiator and the antenna conductive component being located on opposite sides of the first frequency selective surface.

[0014] This solution, by limiting the number of frequency selective surfaces and the positional relationship between the first antenna array, the antenna conductive components, and the frequency selective surfaces, enables the deployment of antenna arrays with more frequency bands and channels within a limited antenna aperture for a typical stacked antenna application scenario, while also improving electromagnetic shadowing. In this solution, the positions of the first and second frequency selective surfaces can be determined according to antenna design requirements. The thickness of the antenna conductive components (with the conductive substrate being the feed network) can be made smaller, allowing them to be located between the first and second frequency selective surfaces, thus reducing the overall thickness of the first antenna. Furthermore, multiple frequency selective surfaces can enhance filter selectivity, which is beneficial for expanding the antenna bandwidth.

[0015] In one implementation of the first aspect, the frequency selective surface includes a first frequency selective surface and a second frequency selective surface stacked and spaced apart, the first frequency selective surface being located between the first radiator and the second frequency selective surface; the antenna conductive component passes through the first frequency selective surface, and the radiating element of the first antenna array and the second antenna array are located on opposite sides of the first frequency selective surface.

[0016] This solution, by limiting the number of frequency selective surfaces and the positional relationship between the first antenna array, the antenna conductive components, and the frequency selective surfaces, enables the deployment of antenna arrays with more frequency bands and channels within a limited antenna aperture for a typical stacked antenna application scenario, while also improving electromagnetic shadowing. In this solution, the positions of the first and second frequency selective surfaces can be determined according to antenna design requirements. By allowing the antenna conductive components (with the conductive substrate being the feed network) to pass through the first frequency selective surface, the distance between the feed network and the first radiator is prevented from being too large, thus reducing losses; conversely, the distance is also prevented from being too small, thus mitigating the near-field coupling effect of the feed network on the first antenna array. Furthermore, multiple frequency selective surfaces enhance filter selectivity, which is beneficial for extending the bandwidth of the second antenna.

[0017] In one implementation of the first aspect, the first radiator includes a second radiator and a third radiator, the second and third radiators operating in different frequency bands; the feed network includes a first feed network and a second feed network, the first feed network being electrically connected to the second radiator, and the second feed network being electrically connected to the third radiator. In this scheme, by including multiple frequency bands in the first antenna array, the number of frequency bands and channels of the base station antenna can be increased, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the roof aperture.

[0018] In one implementation of the first aspect, the radiating elements of the second radiating array include a fourth radiator and a fifth radiator, the fourth and fifth radiators operating in different frequency bands. In this scheme, by enabling the second radiating array to have multiple frequency bands, the number of frequency bands and channels can be expanded.

[0019] In one implementation of the first aspect, the minimum distance between the frequency selective surface and the antenna conductive component is greater than or equal to 0.1 times the wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency of the second linear array. In this solution, by limiting the minimum distance between the frequency selective surface and the antenna conductive component, strong coupling between the frequency selective surface and the conductive component can be avoided, thereby ensuring electromagnetic stealth performance and the frequency selectivity performance of the frequency selective surface.

[0020] In one implementation of the first aspect, the frequency selection surface includes multiple frequency selection units, including a first frequency selection unit. The structure of the first frequency selection unit is different from the structures of the other frequency selection units, and the first frequency selection unit overlaps with the orthographic projection of the antenna conductive component on the frequency selection surface.

[0021] In this solution, the structure of the first frequency selection unit in the frequency selective surface is unique; such a frequency selective surface can be described as having a quasi-periodic array structure. By manufacturing the frequency selective surface as a quasi-periodic array structure, the structure of the first frequency selective unit closest to the antenna conductive component differs from the structures of other frequency selective units. This reduces the coupling between the frequency selective surface and the antenna conductive component, thereby ensuring electromagnetic stealth performance and the frequency selective performance of the frequency selective surface. This solution is applicable to the following scenarios: if product design limitations prevent the spacing between the frequency selective surface and the antenna conductive component from meeting the minimum spacing requirement, this solution can reduce the coupling between them.

[0022] In one implementation of the first aspect, the frequency selective surface includes a first part and a second part connected together, the first part being free of conductive material and overlapping with the orthographic projection of the antenna conductive component on the frequency selective surface, and the second part containing conductive material.

[0023] In this solution, by removing the conductor layer in the first part of the frequency selective surface close to the antenna conductive component, the coupling between the frequency selective surface and the antenna conductive component can be greatly reduced, thereby ensuring electromagnetic stealth performance and the frequency selectivity performance of the frequency selective surface. This solution is applicable to the following scenarios: if, due to product design limitations, the distance between the frequency selective surface and the antenna conductive component cannot meet the minimum distance requirement, this solution can be used to reduce the coupling between the frequency selective surface and the antenna conductive component.

[0024] In one implementation of the first aspect, the base station antenna includes a first radome and a second radome. The first antenna array, frequency selective surface, and antenna conductive components are all located within the first radome, and the second antenna array is located within the second radome. In this solution, by placing the first antenna array and the second antenna array within different radomes, the two antennas can be deployed independently, achieving decoupling design and flexible deployment of antennas in different frequency bands.

[0025] In one implementation of the first aspect, different parts of the capacitor have different capacitance values. In this scheme, because different regions of the capacitor have different capacitance values, electromagnetic wave signals of different frequency bands can resonate within the gap with their respective electrical lengths, thus allowing electromagnetic waves of different frequency bands to pass through the gap. Therefore, by making the capacitance values ​​of different regions of the capacitor different, the gap can allow electromagnetic waves of multiple frequency bands to pass through, thereby expanding the stealth bandwidth.

[0026] In one implementation of the first aspect, the antenna conductive component includes at least two structural units, the first structural unit and the second structural unit being structural units among at least two structural units; at least one structural unit is provided with a coupling gap, the portions of the structural unit located on both sides of the coupling gap are disconnected by the coupling gap and coupled through the coupling gap.

[0027] In this design, coupling gaps are formed within the structural units, facilitating the sequential assembly of different parts of the unit onto the conductive substrate, ultimately forming a complete structural unit. This enables reliable assembly of the structural units in various scenarios. Especially when the conductive substrate is large and the number of structural units is high, the modular assembly method simplifies the assembly process and improves assembly yield. Furthermore, the coupling gaps allow electromagnetic waves of certain frequencies to pass through, giving the antenna's conductive components a certain degree of extended stealth bandwidth.

[0028] In one implementation of the first aspect, the antenna conductive component includes at least two structural units, the first structural unit and the second structural unit being structural units among at least two structural units; the at least two structural units have the same structure, there is a gap between any two adjacent structural units and the gap has the same shape, and a capacitor is formed between any two adjacent structural units.

[0029] In this design, all structural units have identical structures. Gaps exist between any two structural units, and all gaps are identical in shape. This creates a capacitor between any two adjacent structural units. This design allows multiple capacitors to be formed on the antenna's conductive components, enabling electromagnetic waves to diffract across various regions of the conductive components, thus making the entire antenna conductive component relatively invisible to electromagnetic waves and avoiding electromagnetic shadowing. Furthermore, all structural units in this design can form a periodic structural layer, which is easy to manufacture and has good mass production capabilities.

[0030] In one implementation of the first aspect, the antenna conductive component includes at least two structural units, wherein the first structural unit and the second structural unit are both structural units among the at least two structural units; the structures of the at least two structural units are not all the same, and / or, there is a gap between the at least two structural units and the shape of the gap is not all the same; a capacitor is formed between any two adjacent structural units.

[0031] In this scheme, "not all identical" means that any two elements are different; or, at least two elements are the same, but not all are identical. In this scheme, compared to the periodic structural layer described above, all structural units can form a quasi-periodic structural layer. The quasi-periodic structural layer can be adapted to the shape and structure of the conductive substrate.

[0032] Secondly, this application provides a base station, including a pole and a base station antenna as described above, the base station antenna being fixed to the pole. This solution, because the base station antenna includes a stacked antenna array, allows for the deployment of more frequency bands and channels of antenna arrays within a limited antenna aperture, thereby meeting communication requirements. Due to the design of the antenna's conductive components, the electromagnetic shadow conductivity problem of the stacked antenna can be improved. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This describes the application scenarios in which base stations and terminals communicate wirelessly.

[0034] Figure 2 This application illustrates an assembly structure of a base station according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 3 express Figure 2 Part of the internal framework structure of the base station;

[0036] Figure 4 This application illustrates the internal frame structure of a base station antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 5(a) shows Figure 4 A schematic structure of a frequency selection surface within a base station antenna;

[0038] Figure 5(b) shows Figure 4 Another schematic structure of the frequency selection surface within the base station antenna;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the internal frame structure of a base station antenna in one embodiment;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the internal frame structure of a base station antenna in one embodiment;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal frame structure of a base station antenna in one embodiment;

[0042] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the internal frame structure of a base station antenna in one embodiment;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the first antenna of a base station antenna in one embodiment;

[0044] Figure 11(a) shows a quasi-periodic array structure design of a frequency-selective surface in one embodiment;

[0045] Figure 11(b) shows a quasi-periodic array structure design of the frequency-selective surface in another embodiment;

[0046] Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna conductive component in one embodiment;

[0047] Figure 13 yes Figure 12 A side cross-sectional view of the antenna conductive component shown.

[0048] Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna conductive component in one embodiment;

[0049] Figure 15(a) is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna conductive component in one embodiment;

[0050] Figure 15(b) is a magnified view of the structure at point A in Figure 15(a);

[0051] Figure 16 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna conductive component in one embodiment;

[0052] Figure 17 express Figure 16 The application principle of the antenna conductive component shown in a base station antenna;

[0053] Figure 18 yes Figure 17 The diagram shows a partially enlarged structural feature;

[0054] Figure 19 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna conductive component in one embodiment;

[0055] Figure 20 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna conductive component in one embodiment;

[0056] Figure 21 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna conductive component in one embodiment;

[0057] Figure 22 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna conductive component in one embodiment;

[0058] Figure 23 yes Figure 22 A side view of the conductive components of the antenna shown.

[0059] Figure 24 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna conductive component in one embodiment;

[0060] Figure 25 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna conductive component in one embodiment;

[0061] Figure 26(a) is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna conductive component in one embodiment;

[0062] Figure 26(b) is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna conductive component in one embodiment;

[0063] Figure 27 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the antenna conductive component in one embodiment;

[0064] Figure 28 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the conductive component of an antenna in one embodiment.

[0065] Figure label:

[0066] 1-Base station; 11-Pole; 12-Pole support; 13-Radar radome; 14-Antenna array; 15-RF processing unit; 16-Cable; 17-Baseband processing unit; 18-Feed network; 181-Phase shifter; 182-Power divider; 183-Filter;

[0067] 2-Base station antenna; 21-First radome; 2A-First antenna array; 22-First radiating element; 221-First radiator; 222-Feed structure; 24-Frequency selective surface; 24a-Frequency selective element; 24b-Frequency selective element; 24c-Frequency selective element; 2B-Second antenna array; 25-Second radiating element; 251-Radiator; 252-Feed structure; 26-Second antenna radome; 211-Radiator; 212-First feed network; 213-Radiator; 214-Second feed network;

[0068] 2' - Base station antenna; 223 - Radiating element; 224 - Radiating element;

[0069] 3-Antenna conductive component; 3a-Gap; 31-Conductive substrate; 32-Structural unit; 32a-First capacitor; 32b-First part; 32c-Second part; 32d-Third part; 32e-Fourth part; 33-Structural layer; E-Electric field direction; H-Magnetic field direction; K-Propagation direction of electromagnetic wave;

[0070] 4-Antenna conductive component; 41-Conductive substrate; 42-Structural unit; 42b-First part; 42c-Second part;

[0071] 5-Antenna conductive component; 51-Conductive substrate; 52-Structural unit; 52b-First part; 52d-Sub-slot; 52c-Second part;

[0072] 6-Antenna conductive component; 61-Conductive substrate; 63-Structural layer; 62-Structural unit; 62b-First part; 62c-Second part; 62d-Third part; 62e-Fourth part;

[0073] 7-Antenna conductive component; 71-Conductive substrate; 72-Structural unit; 721-First part; 722-Second part; 723-Third part; 724-Fourth part; 72b-First part; 72c-Second part; 72f-Coupling slot; 72g-Coupling slot; 72h-Coupling slot; 72i-Coupling slot;

[0074] 8-Antenna conductive component; 81-Conductive substrate; 82-Structural unit; 821-First part; 822-Second part; 82b-First part; 82c-Second part; 82f-Coupling slot; 82g-Coupling slot;

[0075] 9-Antenna conductive component; 91-Conductive substrate; 92-Structural unit; 92b-First part; 92c-Second part; 92f-Clearing area; 92g-Clearing area;

[0076] 10-Antenna conductive component; 101-Conductive substrate; 102-Structural unit; 102a-First capacitor; 103a-First insulating medium; 103b-Second insulating medium;

[0077] 20-Antenna conductive component; 201-Conductive substrate; 202-Structural unit; 202a-First capacitor; 203-Second capacitor component; 204-First capacitor component;

[0078] 30-Antenna conductive component; 301-Conductive substrate; 302-Structural unit; 302a-First capacitor; 303-Inductor;

[0079] 40-Antenna conductive component; 401-Conductive substrate; 402-Structural unit; 402a-First capacitor;

[0080] 50 - Antenna conductive component; 501 - Conductive substrate; 502 - Structural unit; 502f - Coupling slot; 502g - Coupling slot; 502h - Coupling slot; 502i - Coupling slot; 503 - First part; 504 - Second part; 505 - Third part; 506 - Fourth part;

[0081] 60-Antenna conductive component; 601-Conductive substrate; 602-Structural unit; 602f-Coupling slot; 602g-Coupling slot; 603-First part; 604-Second part;

[0082] 70 - Base station antenna; 76 - First radome; 751 - Radiator; 771 - Radiator;

[0083] 80 - Base station antenna; 84 - Frequency selective surface;

[0084] 90 - Base station antenna; 941 - First frequency selection surface; 942 - Second frequency selection surface;

[0085] 100 - Base station antenna; 141 - First frequency selection surface; 142 - Second frequency selection surface. Detailed Implementation

[0086] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0087] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," "fifth," etc., are used only to distinguish components and should not be construed as indicating or implying the relative importance of the components or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple (layers)" means two (layers) or more.

[0088] In the embodiments of this application, terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", "in front", "rear", and "rear" are defined relative to the orientation of the structure shown in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, and they are a relative description and clarification, which can change accordingly depending on the orientation of the structure.

[0089] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone.

[0090] This application relates to base stations and base station antennas. The base station will be described first, followed by the base station antenna.

[0091] Figure 1 This illustrates an application scenario where a base station and a terminal communicate wirelessly. For example... Figure 1As shown, a base station is used to provide cell coverage for wireless signals to enable communication between terminal devices and the wireless network. Specifically, a base station can be a base transceiver station (BTS) in a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, a Node B (NB) in a Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, an Evolutionary Node B (eNB) in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, or a radio controller in a Cloud Radio Access Network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, a base station can also be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted equipment, wearable devices, or a g node (gNodeB or gNB) in a new radio (NR) system, or a base station in a future evolved network, etc., and the embodiments in this application are not limited to these.

[0092] Base stations are equipped with base station antennas to enable signal transmission in space. Figure 2 It indicated Figure 1 The structure of a base station antenna equipped with a base station in China. For example... Figure 2 As shown, base station 1 may include a pole 11, a pole support 12, an antenna radome 13, an antenna array 14, an RF processing unit 15, a cable 16, and a baseband processing unit 17. The pole support 12, antenna radome 13, and antenna array 14 can be collectively referred to as a base station antenna. This base station antenna may also include a feed network and a reflector, which will be described below.

[0093] The mast 11 can be fixed to the ground. A mast bracket 12 connects the mast 11 to the radome 13, and the radome 13 is fixed to the mast 11 via the mast bracket 12. The antenna array 14 can be installed inside the radome 13. A feed network can also be installed inside the radome 13. The radome 13 has good electromagnetic wave penetration characteristics and environmental weather resistance, and can protect the components installed inside it.

[0094] Antenna array 14 is used for radiating and receiving antenna signals. Antenna array 14 may include several radiating elements arranged in a certain pattern, each capable of radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves. Each radiating element may include an antenna element. In antenna array 14, different radiating elements may operate in the same or different frequency bands. Each radiating element may include a connected radiator (e.g., a radiating arm) and a feed structure (e.g., a balun). The radiator is used for signal radiation and reception; the feed structure connects the radiator and the feed network to transmit electrical signals from the feed network to the radiator and transmit signals received by the radiator to the feed network.

[0095] Base station antennas may also include a reflector, which can also be called a base plate, antenna panel, or reflective surface, and can be made of materials such as metal. The radiating element can be mounted on one side of the reflector. When the radiating element receives antenna signals, the reflector reflects and focuses the antenna signals onto the receiving point, thus achieving directional reception; when the radiating element transmits antenna signals, the reflector enables directional transmission of the antenna signals. The reflector enhances the antenna signal reception or transmission capability of the radiating element and can also block and shield interference from other signals from the back of the reflector (the back side refers to the side of the reflector facing away from the radiating element), thereby improving the antenna gain.

[0096] The radio frequency (RF) processing unit 15 (also known as a remote radio unit, RRU) can be connected to the feed network via a jumper cable, and is electrically connected to the antenna array 14 via the feed network. The feed network (described further below) serves as the signal transmission path between the RF processing unit 15 and the antenna array 14. The RF processing unit 15 can be electrically connected to the baseband processing unit 17 (also known as a baseband unit, BBU) via a cable 16 (e.g., optical fiber). Figure 2 As shown, the radio frequency processing unit 15 and the baseband processing unit 17 can both be located outside the antenna radome 13, and the radio frequency processing unit 15 can be located near the base station antenna.

[0097] The radio frequency processing unit 15 can perform frequency selection, amplification, and down-conversion processing on the antenna signal received by the antenna array 14, and convert it into an intermediate frequency signal or a baseband signal and send it to the baseband processing unit 17. The radio frequency processing unit 15 can also up-convert and amplify the baseband processing unit 17 or the intermediate frequency signal, and then convert it into electromagnetic waves through the antenna array 14 for transmission.

[0098] Figure 3 It can represent Figure 2 The internal frame structure of a portion of base station 1. For example... Figure 3As shown, the antenna array 14 of base station 1 is connected to the feed network 18. The feed network 18 can achieve different radiation beam directions through a transmission mechanism, or be connected to a calibration network to obtain the calibration signal required by base station 1. The feed network 18 can feed the signal to the antenna array 14 with a certain amplitude and phase, or send the received signal to the baseband processing unit 17 with a certain amplitude and phase.

[0099] Schematic, the feed network 18 may include a phase shifter 181 for changing the maximum direction of antenna signal radiation. The feed network 18 may also include modules for extending performance, such as a power divider 182. The power divider 182 is used to combine multiple signals into a single signal for transmission through the antenna array 14; or, the power divider 182 may divide a single signal into multiple signals, for example, dividing the signal received by the antenna array 14 into multiple paths according to different frequencies for transmission to the baseband processing unit 17 for processing. The feed network 18 may also include a filter 183 for filtering out interference signals. The feed network 18 may also include a combiner. The feed network 18 may also contain any form of transmission line, such as coaxial cable, stripline, microstrip line, etc.

[0100] Figures 2-3 The structure of base station 1 shown is merely an example. In reality, the structure of the base station in this embodiment can be flexibly designed according to product requirements and is not limited to what is described above. For example, the base station may not have a mast 11, and the antenna cover 13 can be fixed to the tower by the mast bracket 12.

[0101] In base stations, antenna arrays may be obstructed by surrounding conductive components (which may contain at least conductive parts, such as a completely conductive area or a conductive part consisting of both conductive and insulating parts; hereinafter referred to as the conductive substrate). When electromagnetic waves propagate to these conductive components, they are scattered on their surface, preventing complete propagation behind them and creating an electromagnetic shadow. For signal reception, this electromagnetic shadow degrades the received signal quality of the antenna array located behind the conductive component; for signal radiation, it affects the communication quality of terminals located behind the conductive component. Furthermore, with the development of the wireless communication industry, base stations are required to have a greater number of communication frequency bands and channels to meet communication demands. However, operator site rooftop space resources are limited, and rooftop aperture is strictly restricted, making it difficult to increase the number of frequency bands and channels.

[0102] To address the aforementioned issues, the base station antenna in this application employs an "electromagnetic stealth" design for the conductive components surrounding the antenna array, enabling electromagnetic waves to bypass these components and continue propagating, thus mitigating the electromagnetic shadowing problem. Through a "stacked design" of the antenna array, more frequency bands and channels can be incorporated into the antenna array within a limited antenna aperture. The overall framework structure of the base station antenna, including the "stacked design," will be described in detail below, followed by an explanation of the "electromagnetic stealth" design.

[0103] Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the internal frame structure of a base station antenna 2 in one embodiment, which features electromagnetic stealth design and a stacked design.

[0104] like Figure 4 As shown, the base station antenna 2 may include a first antenna and a second antenna.

[0105] The first antenna may include a first radome 21, a first antenna array 2A, an antenna conductive component 3, and a frequency selective surface (FSS) 24. The first antenna array 2A, the antenna conductive component 3, and the frequency selective surface 24 may all be located within the first radome 21.

[0106] The second antenna may include a second antenna cover 26 and a second antenna array 2B, with the second antenna array 2B located inside the second antenna cover 26.

[0107] In this embodiment, the first radome 21 and the second radome 26 are two independent radomes, which can be fixed to the same pole or tower. By placing the first antenna array 2A and the second antenna array 2B in different radomes, the two antennas can be deployed independently, achieving decoupling design and flexible deployment of antennas in different frequency bands. It should be understood that the solution in this embodiment is merely an example. In other embodiments, the first antenna array and the second antenna array can also be housed in the same radome.

[0108] like Figure 4 As shown, the first antenna array 2A may include multiple first radiating elements 22. The frequency bands of each first radiating element 22 may be the same, or at least one first radiating element 22 may have a different frequency band than the others. Each first radiating element 22 may include a radiator 221 (which may be referred to as a first radiator) and a feed structure 222, which are connected together. It is understood that... Figure 4 The horizontal lines represent the radiator 221 and the vertical lines represent the feed structure 222. This is just a schematic diagram and does not limit the specific structure and location of the radiator 221 and the feed structure 222.

[0109] In this embodiment of the application, the antenna conductive component 3 and the first antenna array 2A can be located on the same side of the array surface of the second antenna array 2B. For example Figure 4 As shown, the antenna conductive component 3 can be located between the first antenna array 2A and the second antenna array 2B, and the three can be considered to be arranged in a stacked manner. The antenna conductive component 3 can be relatively long, for example, essentially blocking the second antenna array 2B.

[0110] In other embodiments, the antenna conductive component 3 and the first antenna array 2A are located on the same side of the array surface of the second antenna array 2B. The design may also include the following: the antenna conductive component 3, the first antenna array 2A, and the second antenna array 2B are stacked sequentially, with the first antenna array 2A located between the antenna conductive component 3 and the second antenna array 2B. Alternatively, the antenna conductive component 3 and the first antenna array 2A may be approximately side-by-side (not necessarily in a clear stacked relationship), and both are located on the same side of the second antenna array 2B.

[0111] In this embodiment, the antenna conductive component 3 can be a feed network with electromagnetic stealth design. This will be explained below.

[0112] like Figure 4 As shown, the antenna conductive component 3 may include a conductive substrate 31 and a structural layer 33. The conductive substrate 31 may be a feed network, which may include at least one of a phase shifter, power divider, or filter. This feed network may be connected to the feed structure 222 of the first radiating element 22 of the first antenna array 2A to feed the first antenna array 2A. The structural layer 33 covers at least a portion of the outer surface of the conductive substrate 31. For example, the structural layer 33 may only cover the outer surface of the main functional parts of the conductive substrate 31 (such as the parts containing phase shifters, power dividers, filters, etc.), or the structural layer 33 may cover all the outer surfaces of the conductive substrate 31. The structural layer 33 enables electromagnetic waves to bypass the conductive substrate 31 and continue propagating, reducing or eliminating electromagnetic shadowing. The specific structure and working principle of the structural layer 33 will be described in detail below. The structural layer 33 can be relatively lightweight and can be applied to local locations within the antenna.

[0113] In other embodiments, the antenna conductive component can also be other components with electromagnetic stealth design; that is, the conductive substrate in the antenna conductive component can be other conductive components besides the feed network. The following will use... Figure 2 Here are some other conductive components for antennas.

[0114] refer to Figure 2As shown, the mast 11 may obstruct the signal of the antenna array 14 within the radome 13. A structural layer can be covered on the outer surface of the mast 11, and the specific distribution of this structural layer can be determined as needed. For example, based on the scanning range of the antenna array 14, the structural layer can cover a corresponding local area on the outer surface of the mast 11; or, the structural layer can cover the entire outer surface of the mast 11. In this solution, the mast 11 serves as a conductive substrate, and the mast 11 and the structural layer can constitute a conductive antenna component.

[0115] Similarly, the mast support 12 can be used as a conductive substrate, and the mast support 12 and the structural layer on it can constitute another type of antenna conductive component.

[0116] Alternatively, other metal components in base station 1 (such as transmission mechanisms, support structures, etc.) can also serve as conductive substrates, and these metal components and the structural layers on them can constitute another type of antenna conductive component.

[0117] In other embodiments, the specific location of the antenna conductive component may vary depending on the specific product type, but the location of the antenna conductive component always meets the following design requirement: the antenna conductive component and the first antenna array are located on the same side of the array surface of the second antenna array.

[0118] like Figure 4 As shown, the second linear array 2B may include multiple second radiating elements 25. The frequency bands of each second radiating element 25 may be the same, or at least one second radiating element 25 may have a different frequency band than the others. Each second radiating element 25 may include a radiator 251 and a feed structure 252, which are connected together. It is understood that... Figure 4 The horizontal lines represent the radiator 251, and the vertical lines represent the feed structure 252. This is merely an illustration and does not limit the specific structure and location of the radiator 251 and the feed structure 252. It is understood that the second radiator cover 26 may also contain a reflector and a feed network, and each second radiating unit 25 can be mounted on the reflector, with the feed structure 252 connected to the feed network.

[0119] like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the first antenna array 2A and the antenna conductive component 3 can be located on one side of the frequency selective surface 24, and the second radiating element 25 can be located on the other side of the frequency selective surface 24. The "one side" and "the other side" of the frequency selective surface 24 can be opposite sides along the thickness direction of the frequency selective surface 24. Alternatively, the frequency selective surface 24 can be considered to be located between the radiator 221 and the second antenna array 2B.

[0120] Therefore, using the frequency selection surface 24 as the stacking reference surface, the first antenna array and the second antenna array can be described as being stacked, or in other words, the first antenna and the second antenna are stacked. This stacked arrangement allows for the deployment of antenna arrays with more frequency bands and channels within a limited antenna aperture, thus meeting communication requirements.

[0121] In this embodiment, the frequency band of the first antenna array 2A can be lower than the frequency band of the second antenna array 2B, thus ensuring the transmission and reception performance of the first and second antennas. In other embodiments, the frequency bands of the first antenna array 2A and the second antenna array 2B may not be subject to the above limitation.

[0122] In this embodiment, the frequency selective surface 24 can generally be a two-dimensional planar structure. In terms of cross-sectional structure, the frequency selective surface 24 may include an insulating substrate layer and a conductor layer, with the conductor layer attached to the insulating substrate layer; alternatively, the frequency selective surface 24 may contain a conductor layer but not an insulating substrate layer. The insulating substrate layer is made of an insulating material, and the conductor layer is made of a conductive material. The frequency selective surface 24 offers good design flexibility and can be relatively lightweight.

[0123] In this embodiment of the application, the frequency selection surface 24 can be divided into multiple frequency selection units, and all frequency selection units can be arranged in a certain way.

[0124] For example, in one embodiment, all frequency selection units can be tightly connected without gaps. Figure 5(a) shows a schematic structure of a possible frequency selection surface, in which multiple frequency selection units 24a can be divided within the frequency selection surface 24 (the boundaries between the frequency selection units 24a are represented by crisscrossing dashed lines in Figure 5(a), which are not shown in the actual product), and the frequency selection units 24a are tightly connected without gaps. Schematably, a frequency selection unit 24a may include two metal parts (represented by different shaded lines), with a gap between the inner and outer metal parts (the blank area between the inner and outer shaded areas).

[0125] Alternatively, as shown in FIG5(b), multiple slits 24h can be formed on the frequency selection surface 24, and these slits 24h can be distributed in a crisscross pattern. The slits 24h may or may not penetrate the frequency selection surface 24. The frequency selection surface 24 can be divided into multiple frequency selection units 24a based on the slits 24h. For a single slit 24h and the solid portions 24e on both sides of the slit 24h, the solid portion 24e on one side of the slit 24h and a portion 24f of the slit 24h can constitute one frequency selection unit 24a, and the solid portion 24e on the other side of the slit 24h and another portion 24g of the slit 24h can constitute another frequency selection unit 24a. In FIG5(b), the dashed line can represent the boundary line between a portion 24f and another portion 24g of the slit 24h (this dashed line is not shown in the actual product), and this dashed line can be located, for example, at half the width of the slit 24h.

[0126] In this embodiment, the frequency selection unit can be approximately a two-dimensional planar structure or a three-dimensional solid structure. In one embodiment, all frequency selection units may have the same structure, and this frequency selection surface 24 can be referred to as having a periodic array structure. In another embodiment, the structures of all frequency selection units are not entirely the same; for example, any two frequency selection units may have different structures (each frequency selection unit can be referred to as a first frequency selection unit); or there may be at least two frequency selection units with the same structure (each such frequency selection unit can be referred to as a first frequency selection unit), but the structure of the first frequency selection unit is different from the structures of the other frequency selection units. This frequency selection surface 24 can be referred to as having a quasi-periodic array structure.

[0127] like Figure 4 As shown schematically, the frequency selection surface 24 may have only one layer. In other embodiments, there may be multiple layers of frequency selection surfaces 24, which may be separated from each other by an insulating material or air.

[0128] The frequency selective surface 24 has a specific frequency selection function, exhibiting transmissivity for incident waves in one frequency band and reflectivity for incident waves in another frequency band, thereby effectively controlling the transmission and reflection of incident electromagnetic waves. The frequency selective surface 24 can be, for example, a spatial filter, exhibiting distinct bandpass or bandstop filtering characteristics when interacting with electromagnetic waves. Multilayered frequency selective surfaces 24 can be used as multi-order spatial filters, extending bandwidth and increasing frequency selectivity.

[0129] In this embodiment, the frequency selective surface 24 can reflect most of the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first antenna array 2A, thus the frequency selective surface 24 can serve as a reflector for the first antenna array 2A. The frequency selective surface 24 can also allow electromagnetic waves radiated by the second antenna array 2B to pass through, so the frequency selective surface 24 does not block the second antenna array 2B, and is essentially electromagnetically transparent to the electromagnetic waves radiated by the second antenna array 2B.

[0130] In this embodiment, reference Figure 4 As shown, the minimum distance between the frequency selective surface 24 and the antenna conductive component 3 can be no less than 0.1 times the wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency of the second antenna array 2B. The distance between the frequency selective surface 24 and the antenna conductive component 3 is also the distance between the frequency selective surface 24 and the structural layer 33. The significance of this design is that by keeping the distance between the frequency selective surface 24 and the structural layer 33 within a reasonable range (rather than being too small), strong coupling between the frequency selective surface 24 and the structural layer 33 can be avoided, thereby ensuring electromagnetic stealth performance and the frequency selectivity performance of the frequency selective surface 24. In other embodiments, the above limitation on the distance between the frequency selective surface 24 and the antenna conductive component 3 may not be applied.

[0131] In this embodiment, reference Figure 4 As shown, the frequency selective surface 24 can be electrically disconnected from the first antenna array 2A. The frequency selective surface 24 can also be electrically disconnected from the feed network, which serves as the conductive substrate 31. Since the frequency selective surface 24 and the second antenna array 2B are located in different radomes, the frequency selective surface 24 and the second antenna array 2B can also be electrically disconnected. In other embodiments, if the second antenna array and the first antenna array are located in the same radome, the frequency selective surface 24 can be electrically disconnected from both the second antenna array and the first antenna array. Here, "electrically disconnected" can mean that the two are not structurally directly connected by a conductor (e.g., they are completely unconnected structurally, with a gap between them; or they are connected by an insulator), and there is no signal coupling.

[0132] The purpose of the aforementioned "no electrical connection" design is that, since the frequency selective surface 24 is not electrically connected to either the first antenna array 2A or the second antenna array 2B, the feed signals of the antenna arrays will not be transmitted through the frequency selective surface 24. This shortens the feed path, reduces losses, and simplifies the structure of the frequency selective surface 24, thus reducing costs. Because the frequency selective surface 24 is not electrically connected to the feed network that serves as the conductive substrate 31, there is essentially no coupling between the frequency selective surface 24 and the feed network, ensuring both electromagnetic stealth performance and the frequency selectivity of the frequency selective surface 24.

[0133] In other embodiments, depending on product requirements, the frequency selection surface 24 can also be electrically connected to the feed network that serves as the conductive substrate 31. This can reduce the impact of the induced current generated by the feed network on the first antenna array 2A and the second antenna array 2B, thereby improving the performance of the multi-band base station antenna.

[0134] Figure 6 This illustrates the internal frame structure of a base station antenna 70 in one embodiment, and... Figure 4 Unlike the base station antenna 2 shown, the second antenna of the base station antenna 70 may include two second antenna arrays 2B, which may be located within two second antenna covers 76. Illustratively, the length of the first antenna array 2A may be greater than the length of either antenna array 2B, and the first antenna array 2A physically obstructs the two antenna arrays 2B. One of the radiating elements in the second antenna array 2B may include a radiator 751 (which may be referred to as the fourth radiator), and the other second antenna array 2B may include a radiator 771 (which may be referred to as the fifth radiator). The frequency bands of radiators 751 and 771 may be different. Illustratively, the frequency bands of both radiators 751 and 771 may be higher than the frequency band of radiator 221.

[0135] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates two second-level antenna arrays 2B, each with a different frequency band; this is merely an example. In other embodiments, depending on product requirements, the second-level antenna may include more than two second-level antenna arrays 2B. The frequency bands of all second-level antenna arrays 2B may be the same or not entirely the same.

[0136] Figure 6 In the illustrated embodiment, the frequency selective surface 24 is able to transmit electromagnetic waves from the two second antenna arrays 2B; the stealth design of the antenna conductive component 3 can improve the electromagnetic shadowing problem; the stacked design of the antenna arrays allows for the placement of more frequency bands and channels within a limited antenna aperture; the two antennas can be deployed separately, achieving decoupling design and flexible deployment of antennas of different frequency bands. Furthermore, since the second antenna can have multiple frequency bands, the number of frequency bands and channels is further expanded.

[0137] Figure 7 This illustrates the internal frame structure of a base station antenna 80 in one embodiment. (and...) Figure 4Unlike the base station antenna 2 shown, in the base station antenna 80, the feeding structure 222 of the first radiating element 22 can extend through a through-hole on the frequency selective surface 84 to the other side of the frequency selective surface 84, so that the first radiator 221 and the antenna conductive component 3 are located on opposite sides of the frequency selective surface 84. It can be understood that the frequency selective surface 84 is also located between the first radiator 221 and the second antenna array 2B.

[0138] exist Figure 7 In the illustrated embodiment, the position of the frequency selection surface 84 can be determined according to the antenna design requirements. By placing the antenna conductive component 3 on the side of the frequency selection surface 84 facing away from the first radiator 221, the distance between the antenna conductive component 3 and the first radiator 221 is relatively large, which can reduce the influence of the antenna conductive component 3 (including the feed network) on the near-field coupling of the first antenna array 2A and ensure the performance of the first antenna array 2A.

[0139] Figure 8 This illustrates the internal frame structure of a base station antenna 90 in one embodiment. Figure 8 The illustrated embodiment can be considered as Figure 4 and Figure 7 The combination of the embodiments shown.

[0140] like Figure 8 As shown, the first antenna may have two frequency selection surfaces, referred to as the first frequency selection surface 941 and the second frequency selection surface 942. The first frequency selection surface 941 and the second frequency selection surface 942 are stacked and spaced apart. The feed structure 222 of the first radiating element 22 can pass through a through-hole in the first frequency selection surface 941 to extend to the other side of the first frequency selection surface 941, such that the first radiator 221 and the antenna conductive component 3 are located on opposite sides of the first frequency selection surface 941. Schematably, the second frequency selection surface 942 may be located between the antenna conductive component 3 and the second antenna array 2B. It can be understood that the first frequency selection surface 941 is also located between the first radiator 221 and the second frequency selection surface 942, and the antenna conductive component 3 is located between the first frequency selection surface 941 and the second frequency selection surface 942.

[0141] exist Figure 8 In the illustrated embodiment, the positions of the first frequency selection surface 941 and the second frequency selection surface 942 can be determined according to antenna design requirements. The thickness of the antenna conductive component 3 (conductive substrate 31 being a feed network) can be adjusted (e.g.,...). Figure 8 The vertical dimension of the first antenna is made smaller so that it can be positioned between the first frequency selection surface 941 and the second frequency selection surface 942, thus reducing the overall thickness of the first antenna. Furthermore, the multiple frequency selection surfaces enhance filter selectivity, which helps to extend the bandwidth of the second antenna.

[0142] In other embodiments, with Figure 8 The difference is that the position of the second frequency selection surface 942 can also be: the second frequency selection surface 942 is passed through by the feed structure 222, and the second frequency selection surface 942 is located between the first radiator 221 and the antenna conductive component 3, wherein the second frequency selection surface 942 is farther away from the first radiator 221, and the first frequency selection surface 941 is closer to the first radiator 221. Alternatively, the second frequency selection surface 942 can be passed through by the antenna conductive component 3, with the first radiating element 22 and a portion of the antenna conductive component 3 located on one side of the second frequency selection surface 942, and the other portion of the antenna conductive component 3 and the second antenna array 2B located on the other side of the second frequency selection surface 942.

[0143] Figure 9 This illustrates the internal frame structure of the base station antenna 100 in another embodiment. Figure 9 The illustrated embodiment can be considered as being based on Figure 8 A variation of the illustrated embodiment, wherein, Figure 9 The view direction can be Figure 8 The side view direction in the middle.

[0144] Figure 9 The image illustrates multiple antenna conductive components 3 (feed networks covered by structural layer 33), each of which can be connected to a feed structure 222 of multiple first radiating elements 22 distributed along a direction perpendicular to the image (due to viewing angle, only the connection between each feed network and one feed structure 222 is shown). Figure 8 The base station antenna 90 shown differs in that, in the base station antenna 100, the antenna conductive component 3 can extend through a through-hole in the first frequency selective surface 141 to the other side of the first frequency selective surface 141, such that a portion of the first radiating element 22 and the antenna conductive component 3 are located on one side of the first frequency selective surface 141, and another portion of the antenna conductive component 3 is located on the other side of the first frequency selective surface 141. Schematably, the second frequency selective surface 142 may be located between the first frequency selective surface 141 and the second antenna array 2B. It is understood that the first frequency selective surface 141 is also located between the first radiator 221 and the second frequency selective surface 142.

[0145] exist Figure 9 In the illustrated embodiment, the positions of the first frequency selection surface 141 and the second frequency selection surface 142 can be determined according to antenna design requirements. By allowing the antenna conductive component 3 (conductive substrate 31 as the feed network) to pass through the first frequency selection surface 141, the distance between the feed network and the first radiator 221 can be prevented from becoming too large (compared to...). Figure 8In the illustrated embodiment, this reduces losses and ensures that the distance between the feed network and the first radiator 221 is not too small (compared to a scheme where the antenna conductive component 3 and the first radiating element 22 are completely located on the same side of the first frequency selective surface 141), thereby improving the impact of the feed network on the near-field coupling of the first antenna array 2A. Furthermore, the multi-layer frequency selective surface can enhance filter selectivity, which is beneficial for extending the bandwidth of the second antenna.

[0146] In other embodiments, with Figure 9 The difference is that the position of the second frequency selection surface 142 can also be: like the first frequency selection surface 141, the second frequency selection surface 142 is also penetrated by the antenna conductive component 3, the first radiating element 22 and a part of the antenna conductive component 3 are located on one side of the second frequency selection surface 142, and the other part of the antenna conductive component 3 is located on the other side of the second frequency selection surface 142. The first frequency selection surface 141 can be closer to the first radiating element 22, and the second frequency selection surface 142 can be farther away from the first radiating element 22.

[0147] Based on the stacked arrangement design and electromagnetic stealth design in any of the above embodiments, Figure 10 As shown ( Figure 10 The view direction can be Figure 9 In the embodiment (viewed from above), the first radiator of the radiating element of the first antenna array of the base station antenna may include multiple radiators of different frequency bands, such as radiator 211 (which may be referred to as the second radiator) and radiator 213 (which may be referred to as the third radiator) of different frequency bands. The arrangement of the radiators of different frequency bands can be designed as needed, for example... Figure 10 As shown, rows of radiators 211 and 213 can be arranged alternately, i.e., in the order of row radiator 211-row radiator 213-row radiator 211-row radiator 213-row radiator 211. Radiators of different frequency bands can be electrically disconnected from the frequency selection surface, and the frequency selection surface can reflect the radiated signals of radiators of all frequency bands.

[0148] Indicative, such as Figure 10 As shown, the feed network in the antenna conductive component may include a first feed network 212 and a second feed network 214. The first feed network 212 is electrically connected to the radiator 211 to feed the radiator 211, and the second feed network 214 is electrically connected to the radiator 213 to feed the radiator 213. Both the first feed network 212 and the second feed network 214 possess electromagnetic stealth capabilities. Both the first feed network 212 and the second feed network 214 may not be electrically connected to the frequency selective surface.

[0149] Figure 10In the illustrated embodiment, by including multiple frequency bands in the first antenna array, the number of frequency bands and channels of the base station antenna can be increased, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the roof aperture. By ensuring that neither the first feed network 212 nor the second feed network 214 is electrically connected to the frequency selective surface, the mutual coupling between radiators of different frequency bands within the first radome 21 can be reduced, ensuring electromagnetic stealth performance and the frequency selectivity performance of the frequency selective surface, ultimately improving antenna performance.

[0150] In the above embodiments, illustratively, the minimum distance between the frequency selective surface and the antenna conductive components can be limited (this minimum distance can be no less than 0.1 times the wavelength corresponding to the highest operating frequency of the second antenna array) to avoid strong coupling between the frequency selective surface and the structural layer, thereby ensuring electromagnetic stealth performance and the frequency selectivity performance of the frequency selective surface 24. In some scenarios, it is not necessary to limit this minimum distance; instead, the frequency selective surface can be manufactured with a quasi-periodic array structure to reduce the coupling between the frequency selective surface and the structural layer. This will be explained below.

[0151] Figures 11(a) and 11(b) illustrate a quasi-periodic array structure of a frequency selective surface, using the antenna conductive component 3 and a frequency selective surface 24 located on and below the antenna conductive component 3 as examples. It is understood that this does not limit the number of frequency selective surfaces or their relative positions to the antenna conductive component, nor does it limit the structure and type of the antenna conductive component. In fact, the quasi-periodic array structure design of the frequency selective surface can be applied to any of the above embodiments.

[0152] As shown in Figure 11(a), in one embodiment, the frequency selection surface 24 includes multiple frequency selection units 24b and multiple frequency selection units 24c. The frequency selection unit 24c (which may be referred to as the first frequency selection unit) has a different structure from the frequency selection unit 24b, or in other words, the frequency selection unit 24c has a different structure from the other frequency selection units in the frequency selection surface 24. Furthermore, the frequency selection unit 24c may be a frequency selection unit located close to the antenna conductive component 3; for example, the frequency selection unit 24c may overlap with the orthographic projection of the antenna conductive component 3 onto the frequency selection surface 24. "Overlap" can include the frequency selection unit 24c completely overlapping with the orthographic projection, or a part of the frequency selection unit 24c overlapping with a part of the orthographic projection (the frequency selection unit 24c and the orthographic projection are misaligned), or a part of the frequency selection unit 24c completely overlapping with the orthographic projection (the frequency selection unit 24c is larger, the orthographic projection is smaller, and the orthographic projection is entirely within the boundary of the frequency selection unit 24c), or the entire area of ​​the frequency selection unit 24c overlapping with a part of the orthographic projection (the frequency selection unit 24c is smaller, the orthographic projection is larger, and the frequency selection unit 24c is entirely within the boundary of the orthographic projection), etc.

[0153] In this embodiment, if the frequency selection surface 24 has two or more layers, the above-mentioned quasi-periodic array structure design can be performed on all frequency selection surfaces 24, or the above-mentioned quasi-periodic array structure design can be performed only on the frequency selection surfaces 24 that are closer to the antenna conductive component 3.

[0154] In this embodiment, by manufacturing the frequency selective surface 24 into a quasi-periodic array structure, the structure of the frequency selective unit near the antenna conductive component 3 is different from the structure of other frequency selective units, which can reduce the coupling between the frequency selective surface 24 and the structural layer, thereby ensuring electromagnetic stealth performance and the frequency selective performance of the frequency selective surface 24.

[0155] The solution in this embodiment is applicable to the following scenarios: If, due to product design limitations, the spacing between the frequency selective surface and the antenna conductive component cannot meet the minimum spacing requirement, the solution in this embodiment can reduce the coupling between the frequency selective surface and the structural layer. It is understood that even in scenarios where the spacing between the frequency selective surface and the antenna conductive component already meets the minimum spacing requirement, the solution in this embodiment can still be used to further reduce the coupling between the frequency selective surface and the structural layer.

[0156] Unlike Figure 11(a), as shown in Figure 11(b), in another embodiment, the conductor layer in region 24d near the antenna conductive component 3 of the frequency selective surface, which is originally a periodic array structure, can be removed to create a frequency selective surface 24 with a quasi-periodic array structure. Specifically, for a frequency selective surface 24 including an insulating substrate layer and a conductor layer, region 24d may only contain insulating material and no conductor material, and frequency selective units 24b may be distributed on both sides of region 24d. Frequency selective units 24b may include both insulating and conductor materials. For a frequency selective surface 24 without an insulating substrate layer, region 24d may be hollowed out, and frequency selective units 24b may contain only conductor material.

[0157] As shown in Figure 11(b), region 24d may overlap with the orthographic projection of the antenna conductive component 3 onto the frequency selection surface 24. The meaning of "overlap" here is consistent with that described above. It can be understood that the frequency selection surface 24 includes a first part and a second part, which are connected. The first part is the part where region 24d is located and does not contain conductive material. The second part is the part where frequency selection unit 24b is located and contains conductive material.

[0158] The solution in this embodiment can greatly reduce the coupling between the frequency selective surface and the structural layer by removing the conductor layer in the region of the frequency selective surface near the antenna conductive component 3.

[0159] The overall frame structure of the base station antenna according to the embodiments of this application has been described above. The electromagnetic stealth design of the antenna conductive components according to the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below. It is understood that each of the antenna conductive components described below can be applied to the base station antenna of any embodiment of this application.

[0160] The overall frame structure of the base station antenna according to the embodiments of this application has been described above. The electromagnetic stealth design of the antenna conductive components according to the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below. It is understood that each of the antenna conductive components described below can be applied to the base station antenna of any embodiment of this application.

[0161] Figure 12 It indicates Figure 4 A three-dimensional structure of the antenna conductive component 3 in the image. Figure 13 It indicates Figure 12 The schematic side view of the antenna conductive component 3 in the image. (Example) Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the antenna conductive component 3 may include a conductive substrate 31 and a structural layer 33, and the structural layer 33 includes at least two structural units 32.

[0162] Schematic, the conductive substrate 31 may be generally cylindrical, with an axial length of at least 1*λ (λ being the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency band of the second antenna array 2B blocked by the conductive substrate 31). It is understood that the generally cylindrical conductive substrate 31 is merely an example, and the embodiments of this application do not limit the actual shape and structure of the conductive substrate. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the conductive substrate includes, but is not limited to, quadrilaterals, circles, ellipses, hexagons, etc.

[0163] Figure 12 Five structural units 32 are schematically drawn. The structure of structural unit 32 can be designed as needed, for example, it can be sheet-like, ring-like, etc.

[0164] like Figure 12 As shown, all structural units 32 are located on the outside of the conductive substrate 31. Figure 12 In the illustrated embodiment, these structural units 32 may only surround the outer peripheral surface of the conductive substrate 31 (the outer peripheral surface being the surface surrounding the axis of the conductive substrate 31) and around the outer perimeter, and are not disposed on the end face of the conductive substrate 31 (the end face being the surface perpendicular to the axis of the conductive substrate 31). In another embodiment, the structural units 32 may be distributed simultaneously on both the outer peripheral surface and the end face. The following will refer to... Figure 12 The following description will continue using the illustrated implementation as an example.

[0165] In one embodiment, the structural unit 32 can be made of a conductive material, such as a sheet metal part, which has a relatively high weight and structural strength. In another embodiment, the structural unit 32 may include a conductor layer and an insulating layer, which are stacked together, with the insulating layer close to the conductive substrate 31 and the conductor layer away from the conductive substrate 31. The conductor layer is made of a conductive material, and the insulating layer is made of an insulating material. The conductor layer can be relatively thin and has a weaker structural strength. The conductor layer is attached to the insulating layer, which supports and strengthens the conductor layer.

[0166] like Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, each structural unit 32 can have a gap 3a between it and the conductive substrate 31, that is, each structural unit 32 and the conductive substrate 31 can be separated and are not directly connected. The radial dimension of the gap 3a (that is, the dimension of the gap 3a along the radial direction of the conductive substrate 31, which can also be called the electrical thickness) can be, for example, 0.5*λ (λ is the wavelength corresponding to the lowest frequency band of the second antenna array 2B blocked by the conductive substrate 31).

[0167] like Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, for structural unit 32 made solely of conductive material, the space 3a between structural unit 32 and conductive substrate 31 can be filled with an insulating medium. Figure 13 (The insulating medium is indicated by a shaded line in the middle).

[0168] In one embodiment, the insulating medium can be continuously distributed and cover the entire outer peripheral surface of the conductive substrate 31, that is, the insulating medium is distributed both within the interval 3a and in the gap between adjacent structural units 32 (the gap will be further described below).

[0169] In another embodiment, the insulating medium is discretely distributed across the entire outer periphery of the conductive substrate 31. For example, the insulating medium is distributed only within the intervals 3a, but not within the gaps between adjacent structural units 32. The insulating medium within each interval 3a can be discretely distributed, forming a structure similar to several connecting pillars, with gaps between the insulating media containing air; or, the insulating medium within each interval 3a can be continuously distributed.

[0170] In this embodiment, the insulating medium can both connect the structural unit 32 and the conductive substrate 31 and electrically isolate the structural unit 32 from the conductive substrate 31.

[0171] In this embodiment, the insulating medium at all locations on the outer peripheral surface of the conductive substrate 31 can be the same material, that is, the insulating medium at all locations on the outer peripheral surface of the conductive substrate 31 has the same dielectric constant. In other embodiments, the insulating medium at all locations on the outer peripheral surface of the conductive substrate can be different materials with different dielectric constants, and this approach will be further described below.

[0172] In this embodiment, for the structural unit 32 including a conductor layer and an insulating layer, the insulating layer in the structural unit 32 can replace the insulating medium within the gap 3a. That is, this structural unit 32 including a conductor layer and an insulating layer can be connected to the conductive substrate 31, and there can be no gap between the structural unit 32 and the conductive substrate 31. It is understood that, depending on product requirements, there can also be a gap between this structural unit 32 including a conductor layer and an insulating layer and the conductive substrate 31, and an additional insulating medium can be filled in the gap.

[0173] In this embodiment, the aforementioned insulating medium (e.g., a discretely distributed insulating medium) can also be referred to as an insulating support, which serves to connect and isolate the structural unit 32 from the conductive substrate 31. When there is no insulating medium and the structural unit 32 includes an insulating layer and a conductive layer, the insulating layer in the structural unit 32 can also be referred to as an insulating support, and the structural unit 32 is connected to and isolated from the conductive substrate 31 through the insulating support.

[0174] like Figure 12 As shown, all structural units 32 can be sequentially spaced along the axial direction of the conductive substrate 31. A gap can be formed between every two adjacent structural units 32 (one of which can be called the first structural unit, and the other the second structural unit), and this gap surrounds the conductive substrate 31. The insulating medium can be distributed within this gap or not. Each structural unit 32 has conductive properties, so that the gap can essentially form a capacitor, which can be called the first capacitor 32a. The structural units 32 on both sides of the first capacitor 32a can serve as the plates of the first capacitor 32a. When the insulating medium is distributed within the gap, the insulating medium within the gap can also serve as a component of the first capacitor 32a.

[0175] like Figure 12 and Figure 13As shown, the first capacitor 32a may include a first part 32b, a second part 32c, a third part 32d, and a fourth part 32e, which are connected end to end in sequence. The first part 32b and the third part 32d may be centrally symmetrical, and their center of symmetry may be the axis of the conductive substrate 31. The central symmetry of the first part 32b and the third part 32d means that their structures are identical (structural consistency includes that the distribution of the insulating medium in both regions is also identical), and one of them coincides with the other after rotating 180 degrees around the center of symmetry. The second part 32c and the fourth part 32e may also be centrally symmetrical, and their center of symmetry may be the axis of the conductive substrate 31. The central symmetry of the second part 32c and the fourth part 32e means that their structures are identical (structural consistency includes that the distribution of the insulating medium in both regions is also identical), and one of them coincides with the other after rotating 180 degrees around the center of symmetry.

[0176] In this embodiment, the capacitance C of the first capacitor 32a satisfies the capacitance formula: C = εS / d, where ε is the dielectric constant of the medium between the plates, S is the area of ​​the plates, and d is the distance between the plates. The plates are the structural units 32 on both sides of the first capacitor 32a, the medium between the plates is either the insulating medium (if the insulating medium is distributed within the gaps between the structural units 32) or air (if there is no insulating medium within the gaps between the structural units 32), S is the area of ​​adjacent structural units 32 facing each other, and d is the gap width.

[0177] In this embodiment, since the first part 32b and the third part 32d are centrally symmetrically distributed, according to the above capacitance formula, the capacitance values ​​of the first part 32b and the third part 32d are equal. Similarly, since the second part 32c and the fourth part 32e are centrally symmetrically distributed, the capacitance values ​​of the second part 32c and the fourth part 32e are equal. The characteristics of the first capacitor 32a will now be described using the first part 32b and the second part 32c as examples.

[0178] like Figure 12As shown, the gap corresponding to the first part 32b can have a uniform width, meaning the two sides of the gap in the first part 32b are basically parallel, and the gap width at all points in the first part 32b can be consistent, or the gaps in the first part 32b have the same width. The gap corresponding to the second part 32c can have a non-uniform width, meaning the two sides of the gap in the second part 32c are not parallel, and the gap width at all points in the second part 32c is inconsistent, or the gap in the second part 32c has a variable width. Illustratively, the two sides of the gap in the second part 32c can be curved (e.g., arcs), the gap width at both ends of the second part 32c can be smaller, and the gap width in the middle between the two ends can be larger. The gap width from both ends to the middle can be gradual, thus making the gap width inconsistent at all points in the second part 32c.

[0179] like Figure 12 As shown, the maximum width of the gap in the first part 32b (also the gap width at any point in the first part 32b) can be less than or equal to the minimum width of the gap in the second part 32c (for example, the gap width at the junction of the second part 32c and the first part 32b). In other words, from an overall perspective, the gap width of the first part 32b is less than the gap width of the second part 32c. Therefore, according to the capacitance formula above, the capacitance value of the first part 32b is greater than the capacitance value of the second part 32c.

[0180] In summary, in the first capacitor 32a, the gap width of the first part 32b = the gap width of the third part 32d < the gap width of the second part 32c = the gap width of the fourth part 32e; therefore, the capacitance value of the first part 32b = the capacitance value of the third part 32d > the capacitance value of the second part 32c = the capacitance value of the fourth part 32e. That is, the different gap widths in different regions of the first capacitor 32a result in different capacitance values ​​in different regions of the first capacitor 32a.

[0181] like Figure 12 In the embodiment shown, all structural units 32 can have the same shape and be evenly spaced, so that all gaps also have the same shape and are evenly spaced. The resulting structural layer 33 can be called a periodic structure.

[0182] In other embodiments, the shapes of all structural units 32 may not be identical (meaning any two structural units 32 have different shapes; or, at least two structural units 32 have the same shape, but not all structural units 32 have the same shape), and / or, all structural units 32 may not be uniformly spaced (meaning that for all gaps between structural units 32, any two gaps have different shapes; or at least two gaps have the same shape, but not all gaps have the same shape). This results in all gaps having inconsistent shapes and / or being non-uniformly spaced, and the resulting structural layer can be called a quasi-periodic structure. For example, a quasi-periodic structure can be obtained by deleting several structural units from a periodic structure. A structural layer with a quasi-periodic structure can be adapted to the external shape of the conductive substrate 31. For example, if there is a protrusion on the outer surface of the conductive substrate 31, the structural layer can avoid the protrusion at that location to form a quasi-periodic structure.

[0183] The electromagnetic stealth principle of the antenna conductive component 3 will be explained below.

[0184] Figure 12 and Figure 13 The diagram also illustrates the relationship between the wave source and the conductive component 3 of the antenna. The wave source refers to the origin of the electromagnetic wave; for the radiation process of the second antenna array 2B, the wave source is the second antenna array 2B itself; for the reception process of the second antenna array 2B, the wave source can be understood as the air environment. For example... Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, in the KEH three-coordinate system, K represents the direction of electromagnetic wave propagation, E represents the direction of electric field, H represents the direction of magnetic field, and the origin of the coordinate system can indicate the location of the wave source.

[0185] Combination Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown schematically, the narrower first portion 32b is closest to the wave source, while the narrower third portion 32d is furthest from the wave source. When the electromagnetic wave propagates along direction K into the first portion 32b, the electromagnetic wave K will change its propagation direction and be confined within the gap, propagating along the extension direction of the gap. From the first portion 32b, the electromagnetic wave can be divided into two propagation paths: one propagates along the path of the first portion 32b, the second portion 32c, and the third portion 32d, and the other propagates along the path of the first portion 32b, the fourth portion 32e, and the third portion 32d. When both electromagnetic waves propagate to the third portion 32d, they will exit from the third portion 32d in the propagation direction K.

[0186] In this embodiment, as Figure 13As shown, the first part 32b can receive electromagnetic waves from the wave source, and the third part 32d can emit electromagnetic waves. The first part 32b and the third part 32d are equivalent to a patch antenna. The second part 32c and the fourth part 32e can confine the electromagnetic waves within them for transmission, and the two can be equivalent to a slot line.

[0187] Therefore, the function of the first capacitor 32a is to change the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the wave source and confine the electromagnetic wave within it, allowing it to propagate around the antenna conductive component 3 while maintaining its propagation direction when exiting the first capacitor 32a. Thus, even if the antenna conductive component 3 obstructs the wave source, the presence of the first capacitor 32a allows the electromagnetic wave to bypass the antenna conductive component 3 and propagate to its rear, thereby reducing or eliminating electromagnetic shadowing. Furthermore, since the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave is not changed, its propagation characteristics remain unchanged.

[0188] Therefore, in this embodiment, the antenna conductive component 3, by providing at least two structural units 32 on the outer periphery of the conductive substrate 31 and forming a first capacitor 32a, enables the conductive substrate 31 to have electromagnetic stealth performance relative to electromagnetic waves, thereby avoiding or reducing the shielding of electromagnetic waves by the conductive substrate 31.

[0189] In this embodiment, because the capacitance values ​​of different regions of the first capacitor 32a are different, electromagnetic wave signals of different frequency bands can resonate within the gap with their respective electrical lengths, thereby allowing electromagnetic waves of different frequency bands to pass through the gap. That is, by making the capacitance values ​​of different regions of the first capacitor 32a different, the gap can allow electromagnetic waves of multiple frequency bands to pass through, thereby expanding the stealth bandwidth.

[0190] Based on the above explanation, it is easy to understand that as long as there is one first capacitor 32a in the antenna conductive component 3, the shielding of electromagnetic waves by the conductive substrate 31 can be improved, thus extending the stealth bandwidth. Of course, depending on actual needs, the number of first capacitors 32a can be multiple.

[0191] In this embodiment, the larger capacitance value of the first portion 32b closer to the wave source can meet the propagation requirements of electromagnetic waves in some frequency bands, but this is not a limitation of the embodiments of this application. In other embodiments, the correspondence between the capacitance values ​​of each region of the first capacitor 32a and its distance from the wave source can be designed as needed, and is not limited to what has been described above. For example, for electromagnetic waves in some frequency bands, the region of the first capacitor 32a closer to the wave source can have a smaller capacitance value.

[0192] In this embodiment, the slit in the first part 32b near the wave source has a uniform width, while the slit in the second part 32c, which is slightly farther from the wave source, has a non-uniform width. This is merely an example and is not intended to limit the scope of this application. For instance, the slit in the first part 32b near the wave source could have a non-uniform width, while the slit in the second part 32c, which is slightly farther from the wave source, could have a uniform width. Furthermore, the maximum slit width of the first part 32b could be less than or equal to the minimum slit width of the second part 32c (i.e., the slit width at any point in the second part 32c), thereby making the capacitance value of the first part 32b greater than the capacitance value of the second part 32c.

[0193] In this embodiment, the first capacitor 32a is divided into four parts by varying the width of the gap. This is merely an example and not a limitation of the embodiments of this application. The width of the gap can also be varied to divide the first capacitor 32a into other numbers of parts. In fact, depending on product requirements, the gap in this embodiment only needs to be a non-constant width gap to achieve the purpose of expanding the stealth bandwidth.

[0194] In this embodiment, the first part 32b and the third part 32d are centrally symmetrical, and the second part 32c and the fourth part 32e are centrally symmetrical. This design ensures that the electromagnetic wave, after being emitted through the first capacitor 32a, maintains its previous propagation direction and characteristics (e.g., polarization characteristics, frequency band). However, this design is merely an example and not a limitation on the embodiments of this application. For example, the first part 32b and the third part 32d can simply have the same shape, but their positions do not require central symmetry. Although this changes the propagation direction and characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, it can satisfy the reciprocity of the antenna signal and allow the electromagnetic wave emitted from the first capacitor 32a to be refracted to other directions, thereby expanding the signal scanning range of the second antenna array 2B (for example, this scheme can be applied to a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna). Alternatively, the first part 32b and the third part 32d can have different shapes, and their positions do not require central symmetry.

[0195] The above text explained in detail the principles of electromagnetic stealth design. The following will combine... Figure 4 This section explains the specific application of electromagnetic stealth design in base station antenna 2.

[0196] like Figure 4As shown and described above, the antenna conductive component 3 in the base station antenna 2 can be a feed network covered by a structural layer 33. The antenna conductive component 3 provides some shielding to the second antenna array 2B, but due to the structural layer 33, the electromagnetic waves radiated by the second antenna array 2B will bypass the antenna conductive component 3 and continue propagating, or the electromagnetic waves will bypass the antenna conductive component 3 and be received by the second antenna array 2B, thereby reducing or eliminating electromagnetic shadowing. Therefore, the second antenna array 2B can possess a large-angle scanning capability, and its aperture (e.g., Figure 4 The horizontal aperture can be expanded without being obstructed or limited by the feed network of the first front antenna.

[0197] Unlike the embodiments described above, as Figure 14 As shown, in another embodiment, the conductive substrate 41 of the antenna conductive component 4 can be generally a rectangular columnar structure. The structural unit 42 can be generally a square cylindrical structure surrounded by four plates. The first capacitance between adjacent structural units 42 can include a first part 42b and a second part 42c. The first part 42b can be located on the outer periphery of one side of the conductive substrate 41, and the second part 42c can be located on the outer periphery of the other side of the conductive substrate 41. The adjacent positions of the first part 42b and the second part 42c can correspond to the edges of the conductive substrate 41.

[0198] like Figure 14 As shown schematically, both the first part 42b and the second part 42c can be rectangular regions, and the gaps between the first part 42b and the second part 42c have uniform widths. The gap width of the first part 42b can be smaller than the gap width of the second part 42c. It is understood that the first capacitor of the structural unit 42 can also include a third part and a fourth part (because...). Figure 14 (Not shown due to perspective) The third part and the first part 42b can be centrally symmetrical, and the fourth part and the second part 42c can be centrally symmetrical.

[0199] In this embodiment, since the gap width of the first part 42b is smaller than the gap width of the second part 42c, according to the above capacitance formula, the capacitance value of the first part 42b is greater than the capacitance value of the second part 42c. That is, the gap widths of different regions of the first capacitor are different, resulting in different capacitance values ​​in different regions of the first capacitor.

[0200] like Figure 14 As shown, schematically, the propagation direction K of the electromagnetic wave can be perpendicular to the side of the first part 42b in the antenna conductive component 4. However, the solution in this embodiment is not limited to this. For example, the side of the first part 42b may not be perpendicular to the propagation direction K.

[0201] The solution in this embodiment enables the conductive substrate 41 to possess electromagnetic stealth properties relative to electromagnetic waves, avoiding or reducing the shielding of electromagnetic waves by the conductive substrate 41, and also extending the stealth bandwidth. In addition, the structure of the slot on the antenna conductive component 4 is simple, has good mass production capabilities, and can meet specific product requirements.

[0202] and Figure 14 Unlike the embodiments shown, as illustrated in Figures 15(a) and 15(b), in another embodiment, the first capacitance between adjacent structural units 52 of the antenna conductive component 5 may include a first portion 52b and a second portion 52c. The gap in the first portion 52b may be formed by sequentially bending and connecting at least two sub-gap segments 52d, i.e., several segments of gap 52d are connected sequentially, and each pair of adjacent gaps 52d forms a bending angle. The bending angle between the sub-gap segments 52d can be designed as needed, for example, it can be 90°. This type of gap in the first portion 52b can form a shape similar to a square wave. In other embodiments, the bending angle of adjacent sub-gap segments 52d may not be limited to 90°, so that the gap in the first portion 52b forms other shapes, such as curved shapes (e.g., sine curves, parabolas, etc.).

[0203] As shown in Figure 15(b), each sub-slit 52d can have a uniform width, and all sub-slits 52d have the same width. Therefore, the width of the sub-slit 52d is also the slit width d1 of the first part 52b. The slits of the second part 52c have a uniform width, and the slit width d2 of the second part 52c can be greater than the slit width of the first part 52b.

[0204] In this embodiment, the total gap length formed by connecting all the sub-gap 52d in the first part 52b can be greater than the gap length of the second part 52c. For the above capacitance formula C = εS / d (ε is the dielectric constant of the dielectric between the plates, S is the plate area, and d is the distance between the plates), since the gap length of the first part 52b is larger, the plate area S1 of the first part 52b is larger (the gap depths of the first part 52b and the second part 52c are the same); the gap length of the second part 52c is smaller, therefore the plate area S2 of the first part 52b is smaller.

[0205] In this embodiment, for the first part 52b and the second part 52c, (S1 / d1) > (S2 / d2), thereby making the capacitance value C1 of the first part 52b > the capacitance value C2 of the second part 52c. That is, in this embodiment, the capacitance value of different regions of the first capacitor can be made different by configuring the gap length and gap width of different regions of the first capacitor.

[0206] The solution in this embodiment enables the conductive substrate 51 to have electromagnetic stealth performance relative to electromagnetic waves, avoids or reduces the shielding of electromagnetic waves by the conductive substrate 41, and can also expand the stealth bandwidth.

[0207] The solution in this embodiment can be applied in the following scenarios: When, due to manufacturing process limitations, it is impossible to manufacture a first part with a regular shape (e.g., a rectangular shape) where the gap width is less than a threshold, the first part can be designed as the first part 52b shown in Figure 15(a) (the first part 52b can be considered an irregular shape). By increasing the gap length, the process limitation of not being able to make the gap width small is compensated, ultimately giving the first part a larger capacitance value. Therefore, the design of this embodiment can be matched with existing manufacturing processes and has good mass production capability.

[0208] In other embodiments, a different scheme than that shown in FIG15(a) can be adopted, as long as (S1 / d1) > (S2 / d2) so that the capacitance value of the first part is greater than the capacitance value of the second part.

[0209] For example, in one embodiment, the first part can be formed by bending and connecting at least two sub-slits in sequence, the length of the slit in the first part is greater than the length of the slit in the second part, each sub-slit has a uniform width, all sub-slits have the same width, the slit in the second part has a uniform width, and the width of the slit in the second part is equal to the width of the slit in the first part.

[0210] Alternatively, in another embodiment, the first part can be formed by bending and connecting at least two sub-slits in sequence, with the slit length of the first part being greater than the slit length of the second part, but the width of the sub-slits is not limited (for example, the sub-slits can be non-uniform, and the widths of all sub-slits are not all the same), and the width of the slits in the second part is also not limited (for example, the second slit can be non-uniform, and the relationship between the width of the second slit and the width of the sub-slits is not limited).

[0211] Alternatively, in another embodiment, the first part may be formed by bending and connecting at least two segments of gaps in sequence, and the second part may also be formed by bending and connecting at least two segments of gaps in sequence, and there are no other limitations.

[0212] and Figure 14 The embodiment shown differs from the one described above, as follows: Figure 16As shown, in another embodiment, the first capacitance between adjacent structural units 62 of the antenna conductive component 6 may include a first portion 62b and a second portion 62c. The second portion 62c may span one edge of the conductive substrate 61 and may be distributed on the outer periphery of two adjacent sides of the conductive substrate 61; that is, a portion of the second portion 62c is located on one side, and another portion is located on the other side, with these two portions of the second portion 62c bent and connected. The first portion 62b may span another edge of the conductive substrate 61 and may be distributed on the outer periphery of the other two adjacent sides of the conductive substrate 61 (due to...). Figure 16 Due to the viewing angle, the complete first part 62b is not shown. In addition, the propagation direction K of the electromagnetic wave is not perpendicular to any side of the antenna conductive component 6.

[0213] The solution in this embodiment enables the conductive substrate 61 to possess electromagnetic stealth properties relative to electromagnetic waves, avoiding or reducing the shielding of electromagnetic waves by the conductive substrate 61, and also extending the stealth bandwidth. Furthermore, the gap structure on the antenna conductive component 6 is simple, has good mass production capabilities, and can meet specific product requirements. The following will explain... Figure 16 This is a specific application of the scheme shown.

[0214] Figure 17 and Figure 18 It shows Figure 16 The electromagnetic stealth design shown is specifically applied in a base station antenna 2', where, to highlight the key points, Figure 18 Only magnified display Figure 17 The right side of the base station antenna 2' in the image.

[0215] like Figure 17 and Figure 18 As shown, the base station antenna 2' may include a first antenna and a second antenna arranged in a stacked manner.

[0216] like Figure 17As shown, the first antenna may include a first radome 21, a first antenna array 2A, a frequency selective surface 24, and an antenna conductive component 6. The first radiating element 22 of the first antenna array 2A may include radiating elements 223 and 224, and there may be multiple radiating elements 223 and 224. The operating frequency bands of radiating elements 223 and 224 may be different; for example, the operating frequency band of radiating element 223 may be 690MHz-960MHz, and the operating frequency band of radiating element 224 may be 1427MHz-2690MHz. Both radiating elements 223 and 224 can be connected to their respective feed networks. The frequency selective surface 24 may have, for example, two layers. The antenna conductive component 6 and the first antenna array 2A may be located on the same side of the array surface of the second antenna array 2B (described below). Schematic, the conductive substrate 61 in the antenna conductive component 6 may be a phase shifter in the feed network, and the structural layer 63 in the antenna conductive component 6 is disposed on the outer periphery of the phase shifter. Figure 18 The first capacitor in the structural layer 63 comprises a first portion 62b, a second portion 62c, a third portion 62d, and a fourth portion 62e. Schematic, the first portion 62b is centrally symmetrical with the third portion 62d, and the second portion 62c is centrally symmetrical with the fourth portion 62e.

[0217] like Figure 17 As shown, the second antenna may include a second antenna radome 26 and a second antenna array 2B. The operating frequency band of the second radiating element 25 of the second antenna array 2B can be 3.3GHz-3.8GHz. It is understood that other components, such as a feed network connected to the second radiating element 25, may also be disposed within the second antenna radome 26.

[0218] like Figure 18 As shown, taking the second radiating element 25 in the second antenna array 2B as an example, the second radiating element 25 is closest to the first part 62b. The electromagnetic waves radiated by the second radiating element 25 will propagate roughly "obliquely" to two adjacent sides of the antenna conductive component 6, thus making the first part 62b distributed on these two sides, facilitating the first part 62b to receive electromagnetic waves and confine them within the first capacitor for propagation, ultimately causing the electromagnetic waves to exit from the third part 62d. Since the first part 62b adopts a "crossing the edge of the phase shifter" distribution, the second part 62c, the third part 62d, and the fourth part 62e are also "crossing the edge of the phase shifter" distributions. Therefore, by distributing the different capacitance values ​​of the first capacitor on two adjacent sides of the phase shifter, the position of the wave source can be matched, thereby achieving a better electromagnetic stealth effect.

[0219] and Figure 14 The same as the embodiments shown is that, as Figure 19As shown, in another embodiment, the antenna conductive component 7 includes a conductive substrate 71 and at least two structural units 72, with a first capacitor formed between adjacent structural units 72. The first capacitor may include a first portion 72b and a second portion 72c.

[0220] and Figure 14 The embodiment shown differs from the one described above, as follows: Figure 19 As shown, the structural unit 72 in this embodiment is not a single-piece structure, but rather has internal coupling gaps. The portions of the structural unit 72 located on both sides of the coupling gaps are completely disconnected, while the portions on both sides of the coupling gaps can be coupled through these gaps. Schematic, the structural unit 72 may include a first part 721, a second part 722, a third part 723, and a fourth part 724, which can be located on different sides of the conductive substrate 71. There is a coupling gap 72f between the first part 721 and the second part 722, a coupling gap 72g between the second part 722 and the third part 723, a coupling gap 72h between the third part 723 and the fourth part 724, and a coupling gap 72i between the fourth part 724 and the first part 721. These four coupling gaps divide the structural unit 72 into four independent parts. When electromagnetic waves propagate to the structural unit 72, the electromagnetic waves can "cross" these coupling gaps; therefore, the portions of the structural unit 72 located on both sides of the coupling gaps are coupled through these gaps.

[0221] like Figure 19 As shown schematically, each coupling slot extends along the edge of the conductive substrate 71. The structural unit 72 has four coupling slots, which divide the structural unit 72 into four independent parts. The above is merely an example and not a limitation of this embodiment. Depending on product requirements, the position and extension direction of the coupling slots can be flexibly designed, and the number of coupling slots can be at least one. Alternatively, all structural units 72 may have coupling slots, or only some structural units 72 may have coupling slots.

[0222] In this embodiment, coupling gaps are formed in the structural unit 72 to facilitate the sequential assembly of different parts of the structural unit 72 onto the conductive substrate 71, ultimately forming a complete structural unit 72. This enables reliable assembly of the structural unit 72 in certain scenarios. Especially when the conductive substrate 71 is large and the number of structural units 72 is large, the modular assembly method simplifies the assembly process and improves the assembly yield. In addition, the coupling gaps allow electromagnetic waves of certain frequency bands to pass through, giving the antenna conductive component 7 a certain degree of extended stealth bandwidth.

[0223] It is understood that the coupling gap design of this embodiment can be applied to any other embodiment of this application as needed.

[0224] and Figure 19 The same as the embodiments shown is that, as Figure 20 As shown, in another embodiment, the antenna conductive component 8 includes a conductive substrate 81 and at least two structural units 82. A first capacitor is formed between adjacent structural units 82, which may include a first portion 82b and a second portion 82c. The structural unit 82 is not a monolithic structure, but has a coupling gap inside. The portions of the structural unit 82 located on both sides of the coupling gap are completely disconnected and not connected, while the portions on both sides of the coupling gap can be coupled through the coupling gap.

[0225] and Figure 19 The embodiment shown differs from the one described above, as follows: Figure 20 As shown, the structural unit 82 of this embodiment may have coupling gaps 82f and 82g, which may be located on opposite sides of the structural unit 82. Schematic, both coupling gaps 82f and 82g may be approximately located in the middle of the side surface of the structural unit 82, not at its edge. The coupling gaps 82f and 82g can divide the structural unit 82 into a first part 821 and a second part 822, both of which may approximate a C-shape. Schematic, the structural layer of this embodiment may have a periodic structure, therefore the coupling gaps on the same side of all structural units 82 may be collinear.

[0226] In this embodiment, coupling gaps are formed in the structural unit 82 to facilitate the sequential assembly of different parts of the structural unit 82 onto the conductive substrate 81, ultimately forming a complete structural unit 82. This enables reliable assembly of the structural unit 82 in certain scenarios. Especially when the conductive substrate 81 is large and the number of structural units 82 is large, the modular assembly method simplifies the assembly process and improves the assembly yield. Since the structural unit 82 has fewer components, the assembly process can be simplified to some extent. In addition, the coupling gaps allow electromagnetic waves of certain frequency bands to pass through, giving the antenna conductive component 8 a certain degree of extended stealth bandwidth.

[0227] It is understood that the coupling gap design of this embodiment can be applied to any other embodiment of this application as needed, including the embodiments described below.

[0228] and Figure 14 The same as the embodiments shown is that, as Figure 21 As shown, in another embodiment, the antenna conductive component 9 includes a conductive substrate 91 and at least two structural units 92, with a first capacitor formed between adjacent structural units 92. The first capacitor may include a first portion 92b and a second portion 92c.

[0229] and Figure 14 The embodiment shown differs from the one described above, as follows: Figure 21 As shown, a portion of each structural unit 92 can be hollowed out to form a hollowed-out area. Schematic, hollowed-out areas can be formed on both opposite sides of each structural unit 92, creating hollowed-out areas 92f and 92g respectively. In other embodiments, the position and number of hollowed-out areas can be designed according to product needs, and are not limited to those shown in Figure 15. For example, it is sufficient for at least one structural unit 92 to form a hollowed-out area.

[0230] In this embodiment, forming a hollow area on the structural unit 92 can reduce weight, which is beneficial for reducing the weight of the antenna conductive component 9. In particular, when the structural unit 92 is a relatively heavy metal part, the hollow area can greatly reduce weight. In addition, when electromagnetic waves propagate to the vicinity of the antenna conductive component 9, the electromagnetic field is mainly distributed at the first capacitor, and the electromagnetic field in other areas is very weak. Therefore, the hollow area does not significantly affect the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic waves.

[0231] It is understood that the hollow design of this embodiment can be applied to any other embodiment of this application, including the embodiments described below.

[0232] Similar to the embodiments described above, as Figure 22 In the embodiment shown, the antenna conductive component 10 may include a conductive substrate 101 and at least two structural units 102, with a first capacitor 102a formed between adjacent structural units 102.

[0233] Unlike the embodiments described above, Figure 22 The first capacitor 102a can have a uniform gap width, meaning the width of the gap in the first capacitor 102a can be consistent at all positions. Furthermore, an insulating medium can be filled between the structural unit 102 and the conductive substrate 101. This insulating medium can, for example, cover the entire outer circumferential surface of the conductive substrate 101. The insulating medium can include a first insulating medium 103a and a second insulating medium 103b, where the dielectric constant of the first insulating medium 103a can be greater than that of the second insulating medium 103b. The first insulating medium 103a and the second insulating medium 103b can, for example, extend along the length of the conductive substrate 101 from one end to the other, and they can be alternately arranged in the circumferential direction of the conductive substrate 101 to form... Figure 23 The arrangement shown is: first insulating medium 103a - second insulating medium 103b - first insulating medium 103a - second insulating medium 103b. The first insulating medium 103a can be distributed on two adjacent sides of the conductive substrate 101, and the second insulating medium 103b can also be distributed on two adjacent sides of the conductive substrate 101. Both the first insulating medium 103a and the second insulating medium 103b can cross the edges of the conductive substrate 101.

[0234] like Figure 22 and Figure 23 As shown, in this embodiment, a first part, a second part, a third part, and a fourth part can be defined in the first capacitor 102a. The first part is closest to the wave source and is filled with a first insulating medium 103a. The second part is adjacent to the first part and is filled with a second insulating medium 103b. The third part is opposite to the first part (e.g., it can be centrally symmetrical) and is filled with the first insulating medium 103a. The fourth part is opposite to the second part (e.g., it can be centrally symmetrical) and is filled with the second insulating medium 103b.

[0235] According to the capacitance formula C = εS / d (where ε is the dielectric constant of the medium between the plates, S is the area of ​​the plates, and d is the distance between the plates), for each region of the first capacitor 102a, when S and d are the same, the capacitance value of the first part is larger because the dielectric constant of the first insulating medium 103a in the first part is larger; the capacitance value of the first part is smaller because the dielectric constant of the second insulating medium 103b in the second part is smaller. The capacitance value of the third part can be equal to the capacitance value of the first part, and the capacitance value of the fourth part can be equal to the capacitance value of the second part. Therefore, this embodiment can achieve different capacitance values ​​in different regions of the first capacitor 102a by making the first capacitor 102a have a uniform gap width and filling different regions of the first capacitor 102a with insulating media of different dielectric constants.

[0236] The solution in this embodiment enables the conductive substrate 101 to possess electromagnetic stealth properties relative to electromagnetic waves, avoiding or reducing the shielding of electromagnetic waves by the conductive substrate 101, and also extending the stealth bandwidth. Additionally, as... Figure 22 and Figure 23 As shown, the propagation direction K of the electromagnetic wave does not have to be perpendicular to any side of the antenna conductive component 10. This design allows the antenna conductive component 10 to be applied to... Figure 12 In the base station antenna 2' shown, by distributing the different capacitance values ​​of the first capacitor 102a evenly on two adjacent sides of the phase shifter, it can match the position of the wave source, thereby achieving a better electromagnetic stealth effect. The detailed principle has been described above and will not be repeated here.

[0237] It is understood that this embodiment achieves the design of different capacitance values ​​in different regions by filling insulating media with different dielectric constants, and can be applied to any other embodiment of this application as needed. For example, the gap size (including width and length), gap style (whether the gap is a single, continuous gap or formed by bending and connecting several segments as shown in Figure 15(a)), and gap distribution (whether the gap is distributed only on one side of the conductive substrate or on two adjacent sides) of the first capacitor are not limited. Insulating media with different dielectric constants are filled in different regions of the first capacitor. By comprehensively configuring the shape, size, position, and dielectric constant of the insulating media, the capacitance value of the first part is ultimately made greater than that of the second part.

[0238] and Figure 22 The same as the embodiments shown is that, as Figure 24 In the embodiment shown, the antenna conductive component 20 may include a conductive substrate 201 and at least two structural units 202, with a first capacitor 202a formed between adjacent structural units 202.

[0239] and Figure 22 The embodiment shown differs from the one described above, as follows: Figure 24 As shown, the first capacitor 202a may not require an insulating medium, or it may be filled with an insulating medium of the same dielectric constant. Furthermore, different regions of the first capacitor 202a can be fitted with capacitors of different capacitance values; for example, the regions closest to and farthest from the wave source can be fitted with the first capacitor 204 (due to...). Figure 24 Due to viewing angle limitations, the first capacitor 204, located furthest from the wave source and situated below, is not shown. A second capacitor 203 can be installed in the area adjacent to the first capacitor 204. The area where the first capacitor 204 is installed can be referred to as the first part and the third part, and the area where the second capacitor 203 is installed can be referred to as the second part and the fourth part. The capacitance value of the first capacitor 204 is greater than the capacitance value of the second capacitor 203. The first capacitor 204 can be a capacitor with a fixed capacitance value, or it can be a capacitor whose capacitance value can be changed under signal control (e.g., a varactor). The second capacitor 203 can also be a capacitor with a fixed capacitance value, or it can be a capacitor whose capacitance value can be changed under signal control (e.g., a varactor). The first capacitor 204 can also be referred to as the second capacitor, and the second capacitor 203 can also be referred to as the third capacitor.

[0240] The first capacitor element 204 and the second capacitor element 203 can be fixed in the gap, for example, by welding. The number of the first capacitor element 204 and the second capacitor element 203 can be determined as needed, and this embodiment does not limit it.

[0241] The capacitance value of each region of the first capacitor 202a can be equal to the capacitance value calculated according to the capacitance formula C = εS / d (where ε is the dielectric constant of the medium between the plates, S is the area of ​​the plates, and d is the distance between the plates) plus the capacitance value of the capacitor element in that region. For each region of the first capacitor 202a, when ε, S, and d are all the same, the capacitance values ​​calculated according to the capacitance formula C = εS / d are equal. Since the first part contains the first capacitor element 204 with a larger capacitance value, the capacitance value of the first part is larger; since the second part contains the second capacitor element 203 with a smaller capacitance value, the capacitance value of the second part is smaller. The capacitance value of the third part can be equal to the capacitance value of the first part, and the capacitance value of the fourth part can be equal to the capacitance value of the second part.

[0242] Therefore, this embodiment can make the first capacitor 202a have a uniform gap width and install capacitors with different capacitance values ​​in different areas of the first capacitor 202a, so that the capacitance values ​​of different areas of the first capacitor 202a are different.

[0243] The solution in this embodiment enables the conductive substrate 201 to possess electromagnetic stealth properties relative to electromagnetic waves, avoiding or reducing the shielding of electromagnetic waves by the conductive substrate 201, and also extending the stealth bandwidth. Illustratively, when the capacitor is a variable capacitance capacitor, the capacitance of the capacitor in the corresponding area can be adaptively adjusted according to the change in the scanning angle of the wave source, thereby adjusting the capacitance value of that area and ensuring the electromagnetic stealth effect of the antenna conductive component 20 against the wave source.

[0244] Based on the principles of this embodiment, other variations can be easily derived. For example, capacitor elements can be provided only in a portion of the first capacitor 202a (e.g., the first part), without providing capacitor elements in other areas, which can still result in different capacitance values ​​in different areas of the first capacitor 202a. Furthermore, by designing the capacitor elements within a region to influence the capacitance value of that region, this can be applied to any embodiment of this application as needed. For example, the gap size, gap pattern, gap distribution, and insulation medium filling of the first capacitor can be unrestricted, and capacitor elements can be installed inside the first capacitor. By comprehensively configuring the shape and size of the gaps, their position, the dielectric constant of the insulation medium, and the capacitance value of the capacitor elements, the capacitance value of the first part can ultimately be made greater than the capacitance value of the second part.

[0245] In any of the above embodiments, a capacitor (e.g., a planar capacitor) can be formed between the structural unit and the conductive substrate, which can affect the frequency band of electromagnetic waves bypassing the antenna conductive components. For product requirements (e.g., the need to reduce size), it may be desirable to reduce the spacing between the structural unit and the conductive substrate. However, reducing the spacing may lead to an increase in the frequency band of electromagnetic waves bypassing the antenna conductive components, altering the propagation characteristics of the electromagnetic waves.

[0246] In view of this, based on any of the above embodiments, the antenna conductive component may further include an inductor. The inductor may be disposed within the gap between the structural unit and the conductive substrate, and connect the structural unit and the conductive substrate to electrically connect the structural unit and the conductive substrate. The inductor may form a parallel resonant circuit with the aforementioned planar capacitor. This parallel resonant circuit can reduce the frequency band of electromagnetic waves bypassing the antenna conductive component. Therefore, the effects of providing an inductor and reducing the gap between the structural unit and the conductive substrate on the frequency band can cancel each other out, so that the frequency band of electromagnetic waves bypassing the antenna conductive component remains unchanged, thereby maintaining the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves.

[0247] In this embodiment, the inductor can be a conductive structure, such as a metal pillar. This type of inductor can be equivalent to an inductor, and it facilitates the machining of the antenna's conductive components. Alternatively, the inductor can be directly an inductor.

[0248] In this embodiment, the position of the inductor can be designed as needed, for example, it can be placed at a certain distance from the first capacitor to avoid being too close. The number of inductors can also be designed as needed; for example, each structural unit can be connected to the conductive substrate through at least one inductor, or only some structural units can be connected to the conductive substrate through inductors.

[0249] Figure 25 An antenna conductive component 30 designed using the inductor element of this embodiment is illustrated. For example... Figure 25 As shown, the antenna conductive component 30 may include a conductive substrate 301 and at least two structural units 302. A first capacitor 302a is formed between adjacent structural units 302, and different regions of the first capacitor 302a have different capacitance values. Each side of the structural unit 302 is connected to the conductive substrate 301 via an inductor 303, and several inductors 303 are provided between each structural unit 302 and the conductive substrate 301. It is understood that... Figure 25 The antenna conductive component 30 shown is merely an example and is not intended to limit the application environment of the inductor 303.

[0250] In the above embodiments, the capacitance values ​​of different regions of the first capacitor in the antenna conductive component are different. In the embodiments described below, unlike the above embodiments, the capacitance values ​​of different regions of the first capacitor can be the same. It is understood that making the capacitance values ​​of different regions of the first capacitor the same can also achieve electromagnetic stealth design. Several schemes where the capacitance values ​​of different regions of the first capacitor are the same will be listed below.

[0251] For example, in the embodiments shown in Figures 26(a) and 26(b), the antenna conductive component 40 may include a conductive substrate 401 and at least two structural units 402 surrounding the conductive substrate 401, with a first capacitor 402a formed between adjacent structural units 402. The conductive substrate 401 in Figure 26(a) may be approximately cylindrical, and the conductive substrate 401 in Figure 26(b) may be approximately square prism-shaped. Unlike the embodiments described above, the gaps between any adjacent structural units 402 may have the same width, meaning the gap width may be consistent throughout. The capacitance value of different regions of the first capacitor 402a may be the same.

[0252] In this embodiment, the first capacitor 402a can also change the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the wave source and confine the electromagnetic wave within it, allowing the electromagnetic wave to propagate around the antenna conductive component 40. Therefore, even if the antenna conductive component 40 blocks the wave source, the presence of the first capacitor 402a allows the electromagnetic wave to bypass the antenna conductive component 40 and propagate to the rear of the antenna conductive component 40, thereby reducing or eliminating electromagnetic shadowing.

[0253] For example in Figure 27 In the illustrated embodiment, with Figure 19The embodiment shown is similar in that the antenna conductive component 50 includes a conductive substrate 501 and at least two structural units 502, with a first capacitor formed between adjacent structural units 502. The structural unit 502 is not a single piece, but has internal coupling gaps. The portions of the structural unit 502 located on both sides of the coupling gap are completely disconnected, while the portions on both sides of the coupling gap can be coupled through the coupling gap. Schematic, the structural unit 502 may include a first portion 503, a second portion 504, a third portion 505, and a fourth portion 506, which may be located on different sides of the conductive substrate 501. A coupling gap 502f exists between the first portion 503 and the second portion 504, a coupling gap 502g exists between the second portion 504 and the third portion 505, a coupling gap 502h exists between the third portion 505 and the fourth portion 506, and a coupling gap 502i exists between the fourth portion 506 and the first portion 503. Schematic, each coupling gap extends along the edge of the conductive substrate 501. The four coupling gaps described above divide the structural unit 502 into four independent parts. When electromagnetic waves propagate to the structural unit 502, the electromagnetic waves can "cross" these coupling gaps, thus the portions of the structural unit 502 located on both sides of the coupling gaps are coupled through the coupling gaps. The above are merely examples and are not intended to limit this embodiment. Depending on product requirements, the position and extension direction of the coupling gaps can be flexibly designed, and the number of coupling gaps can be at least one. Furthermore, all structural units 502 may have coupling gaps, or only some structural units 502 may have coupling gaps.

[0254] exist Figure 27 In the illustrated embodiment, with Figure 19 The difference in the illustrated embodiment is that the gaps between any adjacent structural units 502 can have the same width, meaning the gap width can be consistent throughout. The capacitance values ​​of different regions of the constructed first capacitor can be the same.

[0255] Figure 27 The illustrated embodiment also improves the electromagnetic shadowing problem and enables the modular assembly of structural unit 502, thereby simplifying the assembly process and improving assembly yield. Furthermore, the coupling gaps in the antenna conductive component 50 allow electromagnetic waves of certain frequencies to pass through, giving the antenna conductive component 50 a certain degree of extended stealth bandwidth.

[0256] For example in Figure 28 In the illustrated embodiment, with Figure 20The embodiment shown is similar in that the antenna conductive component 60 includes a conductive substrate 601 and at least two structural units 602, with a first capacitor formed between adjacent structural units 602. The structural unit 602 is not a single piece, but has internal coupling gaps 602f and 602g, which can be located on opposite sides of the structural unit 602. Schematic, both coupling gaps 602f and 602g are approximately located in the middle of the side of the structural unit 602, not at its edge. The coupling gaps 602f and 602g divide the structural unit 602 into a first part 603 and a second part 604. Both the first part 603 and the second part 604 can be approximately C-shaped, completely disconnected, but coupled through coupling gaps 602f and 602g. Schematic, the coupling gaps on the same side of all structural units 602 can be collinear.

[0257] exist Figure 28 In the illustrated embodiment, with Figure 20 The difference in the illustrated embodiment is that the gaps between any adjacent structural units 602 can have the same width, meaning the gap width can be consistent throughout. The capacitance values ​​of different regions of the constructed first capacitor can be the same.

[0258] Figure 28 The illustrated embodiment also improves the electromagnetic shadowing problem and enables the modular assembly of structural unit 602, thereby simplifying the assembly process and improving assembly yield. Furthermore, the coupling gaps in the antenna conductive component 60 allow electromagnetic waves of certain frequencies to pass through, giving the antenna conductive component 60 a certain degree of extended stealth bandwidth.

[0259] Alternatively, it can be based on Figure 15(a), Figure 16 , Figure 21 , Figure 22 , Figure 24 The embodiments shown above provide an example where different regions of the first capacitor have the same capacitance value.

[0260] For example, in one embodiment, similar to the embodiment shown in FIG15(a), the first capacitor may include a first portion 52b (formed by bending and connecting at least two segments 52d sequentially) and a second portion 52c. For the first portion 52b and the second portion 52c, (S1 / d1) > (S2 / d2). Unlike the embodiment shown in FIG15(a), the first portion 52b can be filled with an insulating medium with a lower dielectric constant, and the second portion 52c can be filled with an insulating medium with a higher dielectric constant. According to the capacitance formula C = εS / d (ε is the dielectric constant of the medium between the plates, S is the area of ​​the plates, and d is the distance between the plates), the capacitance value of the first portion 52b can be equal to the capacitance value of the second portion 52c. Since the third portion of the first capacitor can be centrally symmetrical with the first portion 52b, the capacitance value of the third portion can be equal to the capacitance value of the first portion; similarly, the fourth portion can be centrally symmetrical with the second portion 52c, and the capacitance value of the fourth portion can be equal to the capacitance value of the second portion. Therefore, the capacitance values ​​of different regions of the first capacitor can be the same.

[0261] For example, in another embodiment, it can be Figure 16 The first part 62b shown is filled with an insulating medium with a low dielectric constant. Figure 16 The second part 62c shown is filled with an insulating medium with a high dielectric constant, such that the capacitance of the first part 62b is equal to the capacitance of the first part 62b. Since the third part of the first capacitor can be centrally symmetrical with the first part 62b, the capacitance of the third part can be equal to the capacitance of the first part; similarly, the fourth part can be centrally symmetrical with the second part 62c, and the capacitance of the fourth part can be equal to the capacitance of the second part. Therefore, the capacitance values ​​of different regions of the first capacitor can be the same.

[0262] For example, in another embodiment, with Figure 21 The difference in the illustrated embodiment is that the gaps between the structural units 92 can be set to have the same width, that is, the gap width can be consistent at all points, so that the capacitance value of different regions of the first capacitor can be the same.

[0263] For example, in another embodiment, with Figure 22 The difference in the illustrated embodiment is that the same insulating medium can be filled between the structural unit 102 and the conductive substrate 101, so that the capacitance values ​​of different regions of the first capacitor can be the same.

[0264] For example, in another embodiment, with Figure 24 The difference in the illustrated embodiment is that the capacitance values ​​of different regions of the first capacitor can be set to be consistent in any of the above methods.

[0265] The above text is based on Figure 4 The base station antenna 2 shown, and Figure 17 and Figure 18 The electromagnetic stealth design in this application is illustrated in detail using the base station antenna 2' shown as an example. It is understood that this is merely an example, and the electromagnetic stealth design can actually be applied to any embodiment of this application.

[0266] The foregoing provides a detailed description of the embodiments of this application. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and embodiments of this application. The descriptions of the embodiments above are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application; furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in specific embodiments and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A base station antenna, characterized in that, comprising a first antenna array, a frequency selective surface and an antenna conducting part; the frequency selective surface is configured to reflect radiation signals of the first antenna array; the antenna conducting part comprises a conducting base, a first structural unit and a second structural unit; the first structural unit and the second structural unit are arranged around the conducting base, and the first structural unit and the second structural unit are spaced and adjacent, and form a capacitance; the conducting base comprises a feed network, and the feed network is connected with the radiation unit of the first antenna array. 2.The base station antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, the frequency selective surface is not electrically connected with the first antenna array, and / or the frequency selective surface is not electrically connected with the feed network. 3.The base station antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the first antenna array and the antenna conducting part are located on the same side of the frequency selective surface. 4.The base station antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the radiation unit of the first antenna array comprises a first radiator and a feed structure, the feed structure is connected with the first radiator and the feed network, and the feed structure penetrates through the frequency selective surface; the first radiator and the antenna conducting part are located on opposite sides of the frequency selective surface, respectively. 5.The base station antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the frequency selective surface comprises a first frequency selective surface and a second frequency selective surface which are stacked and arranged in a spaced manner, the first frequency selective surface is located between the first radiator of the radiation unit of the first antenna array and the second frequency selective surface; the radiation unit of the first antenna array comprises a feed structure, the feed structure is connected with the first radiator and the feed network, the feed structure penetrates through the first frequency selective surface, and the first radiator and the antenna conducting part are located on opposite sides of the first frequency selective surface, respectively. 6.The base station antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the frequency selective surface comprises a first frequency selective surface and a second frequency selective surface which are stacked and arranged in a spaced manner, the first frequency selective surface is located between the radiation unit of the first antenna array and the second frequency selective surface; the antenna conducting part penetrates through the first frequency selective surface. 7.The base station antenna according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, the first radiator of the radiation unit of the first antenna array comprises a second radiator and a third radiator, the frequency bands of the second radiator and the third radiator are different; the feed network comprises a first feed network and a second feed network, the first feed network is electrically connected with the second radiator, and the second feed network is electrically connected with the third radiator. 8.The base station antenna according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The frequency selective surface comprises a plurality of frequency selective units, the plurality of frequency selective units comprises a first frequency selective unit, a structure of the first frequency selective unit is different from structures of other frequency selective units, and the first frequency selective unit overlaps with a normal projection of the antenna conductive part on the frequency selective surface.

9. The base station antenna of any of claims 1-8, wherein The frequency selective surface comprises a first portion and a second portion connected to each other, the first portion is free of conductor material, the first portion overlaps with a normal projection of the antenna conductive part on the frequency selective surface, and the second portion contains conductor material.

10. The base station antenna of any of claims 1-9, wherein The base station antenna comprises a first antenna cover and a second antenna cover, and the first antenna array, the frequency selective surface, and the antenna conductive part are located in the first antenna cover.

11. The base station antenna of any of claims 1-10, wherein Capacitance values of different parts of the capacitance are different.

12. The base station antenna of any of claims 1-11, wherein The antenna conductive part comprises at least two structure units, the first structure unit and the second structure unit are structure units in the at least two structure units; At least one of the structure units is provided with a coupling gap, and parts of the structure unit located on two sides of the coupling gap are disconnected by the coupling gap and are coupled through the coupling gap.

13. The base station antenna of any of claims 1-12, wherein The antenna conductive part comprises at least two structure units, the first structure unit and the second structure unit are structure units in the at least two structure units; structures of the at least two structure units are the same, a gap exists between any two adjacent structure units and shapes of the gap are the same, and the capacitance is formed between any two adjacent structure units.

14. The base station antenna of any of claims 1-12, wherein The antenna conductive part comprises at least two structure units, the first structure unit and the second structure unit are structure units in the at least two structure units; structures of the at least two structure units are not all the same, and / or a gap exists between the at least two structure units and shapes of the gap are not all the same; and the capacitance is formed between any two adjacent structure units.

15. A base station, comprising a guyed tower and the base station antenna of any of claims 1-14, and the base station antenna is fixed to the guyed tower. ​

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