Laminated solar cell and preparation method thereof, photovoltaic module, power generation device and power utilization device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic cells, and particularly discloses a laminated solar cell and a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device and a power utilization device.The laminated solar cell comprises a bottom cell, a perovskite cell and a barrier layer, and the bottom cell and the perovskite cell are arranged in a laminated mode; one side, far away from the bottom cell, of the perovskite cell comprises a transparent conductive layer and a metal electrode which are stacked in the direction far away from the bottom cell; and the barrier layer is arranged on the surface, not covered by the metal electrode, of the transparent conductive layer. Therefore, the laminated solar cell has water-oxygen stability, erosion to perovskite can be reduced, the process is simple, and industrial production is easy to realize.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of photovoltaic cell technology, and specifically relates to a stacked solar cell and a preparation method thereof, a photovoltaic module, a power generation device, and an electricity-consuming device. Background Art

[0002] Tandem solar cells, with their advantages of high efficiency and low cost, are expected to become the next generation of new photovoltaic technology to replace crystalline silicon solar cells. Tandem solar cells have problems with light, heat, water, oxygen, and electricity instability. Good packaging is an inevitable path to industrialization. In addition to external packaging, the internal packaging of the tandem cells themselves is also critical. That is, a waterproof layer needs to be prepared on the outside of the tandem solar cell to block water and oxygen erosion. Currently, tandem solar cells use normal packaging materials with strong water and oxygen barriers or butyl rubber packaging. The external packaging of the battery can be prepared using Al2O3 or SiO2 materials prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD). However, some chemically unstable packaging materials will cause the decomposition of perovskite materials. The use of ALD preparation will add an extra process and increase costs. In addition, the high temperature during the ALD process will cause the perovskite to decompose, which will affect the metallization effect. Therefore, the packaging technology of tandem solar cells needs to be further improved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application aims to solve, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. To this end, this application proposes a laminated solar cell with good conductivity, good water and oxygen stability, or simple process, and its preparation method, photovoltaic module, power generation device, and power consumption device.

[0004] In its first aspect, the present application proposes a tandem solar cell comprising: a base cell, a perovskite cell, and a barrier layer, wherein the base cell and the perovskite cell are stacked; a side of the perovskite cell, distal from the base cell, comprises a transparent conductive layer and a metal electrode stacked in a direction away from the base cell; and the barrier layer is disposed on the surface of the transparent conductive layer not covered by the metal electrode. As a result, the tandem solar cell facilitates electrical conduction, and the barrier layer helps prevent the perovskite from being corroded by decomposition products of the encapsulation material. Furthermore, the process is relatively simple and compatible with existing processes.

[0005] In some embodiments, the barrier layer covers the surface of the transparent conductive layer not covered by the metal electrode, thereby facilitating improved water and oxygen stability while ensuring electrical conductivity.

[0006] In some embodiments, the stacked solar cell has a top surface, a bottom surface opposite to the top surface, and side surfaces connecting the top surface and the bottom surface, the surface of the perovskite cell away from the bottom cell constitutes the top surface, and the surface of the bottom cell away from the perovskite cell constitutes the bottom surface; the barrier layer covers the top surface except the metal electrode and at least part of the side surfaces.

[0007] In some embodiments, the barrier layer covers the top surface, the side surfaces, and the bottom surface except the metal electrode.

[0008] In some embodiments, the barrier layer comprises an organic material, wherein the organic material comprises at least one of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), an ionic liquid, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), thereby facilitating a wide range of material sources and low cost.

[0009] In some embodiments, the barrier layer further comprises an inorganic material, wherein the inorganic material comprises at least one of SiO2, Al2O3, tin oxide, and titanium oxide. Thus, the material source is wide and the cost is low.

[0010] In some embodiments, along a direction away from the bottom cell, the perovskite cell includes a tunneling layer, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer, a buffer layer, the transparent conductive layer, and the metal electrode, which are stacked.

[0011] In some embodiments, the bottom cell is a crystalline silicon cell.

[0012] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a stacked solar cell, comprising:

[0013] Provide bottom battery;

[0014] forming a perovskite cell structure except for the metal electrode on one side of the bottom cell;

[0015] forming a whole barrier layer on the surface of the perovskite cell structure other than the metal electrode and away from the bottom cell;

[0016] forming an opening in the barrier layer;

[0017] The metal electrode is formed in the opening.

[0018] The present application prepares a stacked solar cell through the above method, and covers the surface of the stacked solar cell with a barrier layer, which can effectively prevent the corrosion of the perovskite by the decomposition products of the packaging material. The process is relatively simple and has good compatibility with existing processes.

[0019] In some embodiments, the openings formed in the barrier layer and the metal electrodes formed in the openings are formed by printing or depositing a metal electrode material on a surface of the barrier layer away from the bottom cell, and then ablating the metal electrode material through the barrier layer to form the metal electrode. This facilitates electrical connection between the metal electrode and the transparent conductive layer.

[0020] In some embodiments, the metal electrode raw material is screen-printed or magnetron-sputtered on the surface of the entire barrier layer away from the bottom cell.

[0021] The third aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising the tandem solar cell described in the first aspect of the present application or the tandem solar cell prepared by the method described in the second aspect of the present application.

[0022] The fourth aspect of the present application provides a power generation device, comprising the photovoltaic module described in the third aspect of the present application. Thus, the power generation device has a long service life.

[0023] The fifth aspect of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising the power generation device described in the fourth aspect of the present application. Thus, the electrical device has a longer service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a stacked solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a stacked solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a stacked solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a barrier layer of a stacked solar cell according to one embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 5 3 is a normalized efficiency diagram of the stacked solar cells of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 of the present application before and after aging.

[0029] Figure numerals: 1-bottom cell, 2-tunneling layer, 3-first charge transport layer, 4-perovskite layer, 5-second charge transport layer, 6-buffer layer, 7-transparent conductive layer, 8-metal electrode, 9-barrier layer, 10-perovskite cell, 11-other parts of the stacked solar cell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present application, but should not be understood as limiting the present application.

[0031] The first aspect of the present application proposes a stacked solar cell, referring to Figure 1 The tandem solar cell comprises: a base cell 1, a perovskite cell 10, and a barrier layer 9, wherein the base cell 1 and the perovskite cell 10 are stacked. The side of the perovskite cell 10 away from the base cell 1 comprises a transparent conductive layer 7 and a metal electrode 8 stacked in a direction away from the base cell 1. The barrier layer 9 is disposed on the surface of the transparent conductive layer 7 not covered by the metal electrode 8. The barrier layer covering the area facilitates its function, while the uncovered metal electrode facilitates electrical conductivity. The barrier layer also helps prevent the perovskite from being corroded by decomposition products of the encapsulation material. Furthermore, the process is relatively simple and compatible with existing processes.

[0032] In some embodiments, reference Figure 4 The barrier layer 9 covers the surface of the transparent conductive layer 7 that is not covered by the metal electrode 8. It can be understood that the barrier layer does not cover the metal electrode, which facilitates electrical connection and is beneficial to improving water and oxygen stability while conducting electricity.

[0033] In some embodiments, the stacked solar cell has a top surface, a bottom surface opposite to the top surface, and a side surface connecting the top surface and the bottom surface, the surface of the perovskite cell away from the bottom cell constitutes the top surface, and the surface of the bottom cell away from the perovskite cell constitutes the bottom surface; Figure 2 The barrier layer covers the top surface except the metal electrode and at least a portion of the side surface.

[0034] It can be understood that the barrier layer needs to cover the top surface except the metal electrode and at least part of the side surface, and the bottom surface may be covered or not, which can be flexibly selected according to specific needs.

[0035] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 , the barrier layer covers the top surface, the side surface and the bottom surface except the metal electrode.

[0036] In some embodiments, the barrier layer comprises an organic material, including at least one of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), an ionic liquid, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This improves barrier properties, provides good stability, and is readily available at a low cost.

[0037] In some embodiments, the barrier layer further comprises an inorganic material, wherein the inorganic material comprises at least one of SiO2, Al2O3, tin oxide, and titanium oxide. This improves the barrier effect, improves stability, and has a wide range of material sources and low cost.

[0038] It should be noted that the specific structure of the perovskite battery is not limited and can be any perovskite battery. A specific example is the following structure.

[0039] As an example, see Figure 1 , along the direction away from the bottom battery, the perovskite battery 10 includes a tunneling layer 2, a first charge transport layer 3, a perovskite layer 4, a second charge transport layer 5, a buffer layer 6, a transparent conductive layer 7 and a metal electrode 8 arranged in a stacked manner.

[0040] In some embodiments, the first charge transport layer may be an n-type layer or a p-type layer, which has opposite carrier transport properties to the second charge transport layer. The material of the n-type layer includes but is not limited to n-type single crystal silicon, n-type polycrystalline silicon, n-type amorphous silicon, TiO2, SnO2, ZnO, ZrO2, GZO, IZO, FTO, ITO, BaSnO3, TiSnO x 、SnZnO x , fullerenes and derivatives (C 60 、C 70 , PCBM), the thickness of the n-type layer is 0.1nm to 100μm, for example, it can be 0.1nm, 1nm, 10nm, 1μm, 5μm, 10μm, 20μm, 50μm or 100μm, etc.; the material of the p-type layer includes but is not limited to p-type single crystal silicon, p-type polycrystalline silicon, p-type amorphous silicon, single molecule self-assembled materials, including [2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (2PACz), [2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz), [4-(3,6-dimethyl -9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz), benzoic acid, 4-[bis(2,4-dimethoxybiphenyl-4-yl)amino]-biphenyl-4-carboxylic acid [MC-43], etc., Spiro-OMeTAD (2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene), PTAA (polyethylene terephthalate), P3HT (polymer of 3-hexylthiophene), PEDOT:PSS, Spiro-TTB, F4-TCNQ, F6TCNNQ, TAPC, NiO x, CuSCN, CuAlO2, V2O5, CdS, CdSe, and the thickness of the p-type layer is 0.1nm to 100μm, for example, it can be 0.1nm, 1nm, 10nm, 1μm, 5μm, 10μm, 20μm, 50μm or 100μm, etc.

[0041] In some embodiments, the material of the perovskite layer is ABX3, wherein A includes any one or a combination of at least two of FA, MA, Cs or Rb, B includes any one or a combination of at least two of Pb, Sn or Sr, and X includes any one or a combination of at least two of Br, I or Cl.

[0042] In some embodiments, the material of the perovskite layer has a three-dimensional crystal structure.

[0043] In some embodiments, the band gap of the perovskite layer is 1.50 eV to 1.75 eV, for example, 1.50 eV, 1.55 eV, 1.60 eV, 1.65 eV, 1.70 eV, or 1.75 eV.

[0044] In some embodiments, the thickness of the perovskite layer is 10 nm to 3000 nm, for example, 10 nm, 50 nm, 100 nm, 200 nm, 500 nm, 1000 nm, 2000 nm or 3000 nm.

[0045] In some embodiments, the material of the transparent conductive layer includes but is not limited to ITO, IZO, IWO, FTO, ICO, AZO, BZO, nanocrystalline silicon, TiO2 and SnO2, and the thickness of the transparent conductive layer is 1nm to 500nm, for example, it can be 1nm, 5nm, 10nm, 50nm, 100nm, 200nm, 300nm, 400nm or 500nm, etc.

[0046] In some embodiments, the material of the tunneling layer includes but is not limited to ITO, IZO, IWO, FTO, ICO, AZO, BZO, nanocrystalline silicon, TiO2 and SnO2, and the thickness of the tunneling layer is 0.1nm to 100nm, for example, it can be 0.1nm, 1nm, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm or 100nm, etc.

[0047] In some embodiments, the material of the buffer layer includes but is not limited to tin oxide, BCP and titanium oxide, and the thickness of the buffer layer is 0.1nm to 100nm, for example, it can be 0.1nm, 1nm, 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm or 100nm.

[0048] The second aspect of the present application provides a method for preparing a stacked solar cell, comprising:

[0049] S1: Provides bottom battery.

[0050] In some embodiments, the bottom cell is a crystalline silicon cell. As an example, the crystalline silicon cell may include a front surface electrode, an anti-reflective coating, an N-type silicon layer, a P-type silicon layer, a back surface electric field, a substrate, a PN junction, edge isolation, packaging materials, a glass cover, and a frame.

[0051] S2: A perovskite cell structure is formed on one side of the bottom cell except for the metal electrode.

[0052] The perovskite cell structure includes a stacked tunneling layer, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer, a buffer layer, and a transparent conductive layer. The perovskite layer can be prepared by spin coating or sputtering.

[0053] As an example, the specific steps for preparing a perovskite cell include:

[0054] (1) Deposition of tunneling layer;

[0055] (2) depositing a first charge transport layer on the surface of the tunneling layer;

[0056] (3) depositing a perovskite layer on the surface of the first charge transport layer;

[0057] (4) depositing a second charge transport layer on the surface of the perovskite layer;

[0058] (5) depositing a buffer layer on the surface of the second charge transport layer;

[0059] (6) depositing a transparent conductive layer on the surface of the buffer layer;

[0060] (7) Depositing a metal electrode on the surface of the transparent conductive layer.

[0061] S3: forming a whole barrier layer on the surface of the perovskite cell structure other than the metal electrode away from the bottom cell.

[0062] Specifically, the organic material and the inorganic material may be mixed and then coated on the surface of the perovskite cell structure away from the bottom cell except the metal electrode to form a whole barrier layer.

[0063] It should be noted that the barrier layer can cover different locations, and whether it covers the bottom surface can be determined based on process feasibility. As an example, the barrier layer can cover the surface of the transparent conductive layer not covered by the metal electrode, the surface and all side surfaces of the transparent conductive layer not covered by the metal electrode, or the surface, all side surfaces, and bottom surface of the transparent conductive layer not covered by the metal electrode.

[0064] S4: forming an opening on the barrier layer.

[0065] It can be understood that the purpose of forming the opening on the barrier layer is to form a metal electrode at the opening so as to achieve electrical connection between the metal electrode and the transparent conductive layer.

[0066] S5: forming a metal electrode in the opening.

[0067] Specifically, the metal electrode raw material may be printed or deposited on the surface of the transparent conductive layer, and the metal electrode raw material may be ablated to form the metal electrode.

[0068] In some embodiments, the openings formed in the barrier layer and the metal electrodes formed in the openings are formed by printing or depositing a metal electrode material on a surface of the barrier layer away from the bottom cell, and then ablating the metal electrode material through the barrier layer to form the metal electrode. This facilitates electrical connection between the metal electrode and the transparent conductive layer.

[0069] In some embodiments, the metal electrode raw material is screen-printed or magnetron-sputtered on the surface of the entire barrier layer away from the bottom cell. The specific operating steps of screen-printing the metal electrode are as follows: (1) Designing a pattern: According to the requirements of the stacked solar cell, design a suitable metal electrode pattern, which needs to be able to effectively collect and transmit current. (2) Making a template (screen): Select a suitable screen material and transfer the designed pattern to the screen using photosensitive adhesive or other methods. This step may involve exposure, development and other treatments to form an opening area for ink to pass through. (3) Preparing metal electrode raw materials: According to the type and performance requirements of the stacked solar cell, a suitable metal electrode raw material (such as silver paste) is prepared to ensure that its viscosity is suitable for printing and has good conductivity. (4) Printing: Fix the completed screen on a dedicated device. Evenly apply the metal electrode raw material on the screen and use a scraper to press it through the opening on the template onto the surface of the stacked solar cell. In order to ensure a good contact effect, it may be necessary to control the appropriate printing pressure and speed. (5) Drying and curing: The printed laminated solar cells need to undergo heat treatment (drying + sintering) under specific conditions to completely cure the conductive paste and form a strong and durable metal electrode layer. (6) Quality inspection: The last step is to perform an appearance inspection and electrical performance test on the formed metal electrodes to ensure that they meet the expected standards; the specific operating steps of the magnetron sputtering metal electrode are: select a suitable silver metal target and correctly install it in the cathode position in the sputtering chamber. The choice of target depends on the required electrode material properties. After the sputtering system is turned off, the sputtering chamber is evacuated to the required working vacuum (usually 10 -5 Torr~10 -6 Torr) to remove impurity gases in the air and ensure a pure deposition environment. An appropriate proportion of working gas (such as argon) is introduced into the sputtering chamber and adjusted to a suitable pressure level, usually between a few millitorr and tens of millitorr. A DC or RF power supply is turned on to apply voltage to the target to generate plasma. Positively charged gas particles are accelerated and collide with the target surface, bombarding metal atoms / molecules. The metal particles bombarded from the target pass through the plasma region and are deposited on the substrate surface to form a uniform and dense metal film. The film thickness can be controlled by adjusting the time.

[0070] The present application prepares a stacked solar cell through the above method, and covers the surface of the stacked solar cell with a barrier layer, which can effectively prevent the corrosion of the perovskite by the decomposition products of the packaging material. The process is relatively simple and has good compatibility with existing processes.

[0071] The third aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising the tandem solar cell described in the first aspect of the present application or the tandem solar cell prepared by the method described in the second aspect of the present application.

[0072] The fourth aspect of the present application provides a power generation device, comprising the photovoltaic module described in the third aspect of the present application. Thus, the power generation device has a long service life.

[0073] The fifth aspect of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising the power generation device described in the fourth aspect of the present application. Thus, the electrical device has a longer service life.

[0074] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] The stacked solar cell of Example 1 includes a stacked crystalline silicon cell, a tunneling layer, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer, a buffer layer, a transparent conductive layer, a barrier layer, and a metal electrode. The barrier layer covers the top surface except the metal electrode, and the material of the barrier layer includes an ionic liquid; the first charge transport layer is a p-type layer, the material is 2PACz, and the thickness is 1nm; the second charge transport layer is an n-type layer, the material is C 60 , with a thickness of 10 μm; the material of the perovskite layer is Cs 0.1 FA 0.9 Pb(I 0.8 Br 0.2 )3, band gap of 1.68eV, thickness of 800nm; buffer layer material is tin oxide, thickness of 20nm; transparent conductive layer material is IZO, thickness of 40nm; metal electrode is Ag, thickness of 400nm. Preparation method is:

[0077] (1) Provide crystalline silicon cells;

[0078] (2) forming a perovskite cell structure except for the metal electrode on one side of the crystalline silicon cell;

[0079] (3) forming a barrier layer on the top surface of the perovskite cell structure;

[0080] (4) Screen printing a metal electrode raw material on the surface of the barrier layer, and the metal electrode raw material is ablated and penetrates the barrier layer to form a metal electrode.

[0081] Example 2

[0082] The stacked solar cell of Example 2 includes a stacked crystalline silicon cell, a tunneling layer, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer, a buffer layer, a transparent conductive layer, a barrier layer, and a metal electrode. The barrier layer covers the top surface and all side surfaces except the metal electrode, and the barrier layer is made of ionic liquid and SiO2. The first charge transport layer is an n-type layer made of n-type single crystal silicon with a thickness of 10 μm. The second charge transport layer is a p-type layer made of p-type single crystal silicon with a thickness of 10 μm. The perovskite layer is made of CsPbCl3 with a band gap of 1.50 eV and a thickness of 100 nm. The transparent conductive layer is made of nanocrystalline silicon with a thickness of 50 nm. The preparation method is as follows:

[0083] (1) Provide crystalline silicon cells;

[0084] (2) forming a perovskite cell structure except for the metal electrode on one side of the crystalline silicon cell;

[0085] (3) forming a barrier layer on the top surface and all side surfaces of the perovskite cell structure;

[0086] (4) Screen printing a metal electrode raw material on the surface of the barrier layer, and the metal electrode raw material is ablated and penetrates the barrier layer to form a metal electrode.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] The stacked solar cell of Example 3 includes a stacked crystalline silicon cell, a tunneling layer, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer, a buffer layer, a transparent conductive layer, a barrier layer, and a metal electrode. The barrier layer covers the top, bottom, and all side surfaces except the metal electrode, and the barrier layer is made of ionic liquid and SiO2. The first charge transport layer is an n-type layer made of n-type single crystal silicon with a thickness of 10 μm. The second charge transport layer is a p-type layer made of p-type single crystal silicon with a thickness of 10 μm. The perovskite layer is made of CsPbCl3 with a band gap of 1.50 eV and a thickness of 100 nm. The transparent conductive layer is made of nanocrystalline silicon with a thickness of 50 nm. The preparation method is as follows:

[0089] (1) Provide crystalline silicon cells;

[0090] (2) forming a perovskite cell structure except for the metal electrode on one side of the crystalline silicon cell;

[0091] (3) forming a barrier layer on the top, bottom, and all sides of the perovskite cell structure;

[0092] (4) Screen printing a metal electrode raw material on the surface of the barrier layer, and the metal electrode raw material is ablated and penetrates the barrier layer to form a metal electrode.

[0093] Comparative Example 1

[0094] The stacked solar cell of Comparative Example 1 includes a stacked crystalline silicon cell, a tunneling layer, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer, a buffer layer, a transparent conductive layer, and a metal electrode; the first charge transport layer is a p-type layer, the material of which is 2PACz and the thickness is 1nm; the second charge transport layer is an n-type layer, the material of which is C 60 , with a thickness of 10 μm; the material of the perovskite layer is Cs 0.1 FA 0.9 Pb(I 0.8 Br 0.2 )3, band gap of 1.68eV, thickness of 800nm; buffer layer material is tin oxide, thickness of 20nm; transparent conductive layer material is IZO, thickness of 40nm; metal electrode is Ag, thickness of 400nm. Preparation method is:

[0095] (1) Provide crystalline silicon cells;

[0096] (2) forming a perovskite cell structure except for the metal electrode on one side of the crystalline silicon cell;

[0097] (3) Screen printing the metal electrode raw materials on the surface of the perovskite cell.

[0098] Test method:

[0099] (1) Calculate battery efficiency by IV characteristic test: adjust the light source intensity according to the test requirements and keep it stable. For standard test conditions, the AM1.5G standard solar spectrum is usually used, with an irradiance of 1000W / m 2 . Correctly connect the solar cell to be tested to the IV test system. Check that all connections are secure and reliable. Allow time for the system to reach thermal equilibrium to reduce the impact of temperature on the test results. Start the IV test software / instrument, automatically or manually adjust the load resistance, and gradually transition from open circuit to short circuit. Record the current value at each voltage point. Use the software to draw an IV curve and calculate the relevant electrical parameters (open circuit voltage, short circuit current density, fill factor, and photoelectric conversion efficiency).

[0100] (2) Stability test:

[0101] Stability test scheme 1: The stacked solar cells of the embodiment and comparative example were stored in an environment with a humidity of 60% for 1000 hours, and the cell efficiency before and after testing was measured;

[0102] Stability test scheme 2: Place the laminated solar cells of the embodiment and comparative example in a nitrogen glove box, first perform an IV test under 1 sun to obtain the efficiency and maximum power point voltage, then load the maximum power point voltage under 1 sun, continue to perform maximum power point tracking, and repeat the IV test after 1000 hours to obtain the efficiency after aging. The cell efficiency before and after aging of embodiment 1 and comparative example 1 is normalized to obtain Figure 5 .

[0103] The test results are shown in Table 1 below.

[0104] Table 1 Test results

[0105]

[0106] From Table 1 and Figure 5 It can be seen that Example 1 achieved higher stability in both stability test schemes. Compared with the stacked solar cells not covered with the barrier layer, the efficiency of the stacked solar cells covered with the barrier layer increased slightly. This is because the barrier layer has a good passivation effect on the surface. At the same time, the battery of Example 1 showed better stability. Under 1000h of continuous illumination (1sun, below 10% humidity), the efficiency decayed by 5%, while the efficiency of Comparative Example 1 decayed by more than 20% under the same conditions.

[0107] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0108] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0109] In this application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection, electrical connection, or communication; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two elements or interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0110] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when a first feature is "above" or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, when a first feature is "above," "above," or "above" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. When a first feature is "below," "below," or "below" a second feature, it may mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.

[0111] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example" or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0112] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A stacked solar cell, characterized in that: include: A bottom cell, a perovskite cell and a barrier layer, wherein the bottom cell and the perovskite cell are stacked; The side of the perovskite cell away from the bottom cell includes a transparent conductive layer and a metal electrode stacked in a direction away from the bottom cell; The barrier layer is arranged on the surface of the transparent conductive layer not covered by the metal electrode.

2. The tandem solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The barrier layer covers the surface of the transparent conductive layer that is not covered by the metal electrode.

3. The tandem solar cell according to claim 1, wherein The stacked solar cell comprises a top surface, a bottom surface opposite to the top surface, and a side surface connecting the top surface and the bottom surface, wherein the surface of the perovskite cell away from the bottom cell constitutes the top surface, and the surface of the bottom cell away from the perovskite cell constitutes the bottom surface; The barrier layer covers the top surface except the metal electrode and at least a portion of the side surface.

4. The tandem solar cell according to claim 3, characterized in that: The barrier layer covers the top surface, the side surfaces, and the bottom surface except the metal electrode.

5. The tandem solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The material of the barrier layer includes an organic material, and the organic material includes at least one of polymethyl methacrylate, ionic liquid, and polydimethylsiloxane.

6. The tandem solar cell according to claim 5, characterized in that: The material of the barrier layer further includes an inorganic material, and the inorganic material includes at least one of SiO2, Al2O3, tin oxide, and titanium oxide.

7. The tandem solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: Along the direction away from the bottom cell, the perovskite cell includes a tunneling layer, a first charge transport layer, a perovskite layer, a second charge transport layer, a buffer layer, the transparent conductive layer and the metal electrode, which are stacked.

8. The tandem solar cell according to claim 1, wherein: The bottom cell is a crystalline silicon cell.

9. A method for preparing a tandem solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that include: Provide bottom battery; forming a perovskite cell structure except for the metal electrode on one side of the bottom cell; forming a whole barrier layer on the surface of the perovskite cell structure other than the metal electrode and away from the bottom cell; forming an opening in the barrier layer; The metal electrode is formed in the opening.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The forming of the opening on the barrier layer and the forming of the metal electrode in the opening are performed by the following steps: A metal electrode raw material is printed or deposited on a surface of the entire barrier layer away from the bottom cell, and the metal electrode raw material is ablated and penetrates the entire barrier layer to form the metal electrode.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The metal electrode raw material is screen-printed or magnetron-sputtered on the surface of the entire barrier layer away from the bottom cell.

12. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: A stacked battery comprising the laminated battery according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

13. A power generation device, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module according to claim 12 is included.

14. An electrical device, characterized in that: Comprising the power generation device according to claim 13.

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