A soil excavation device for forestry planting with soil loosening effect.

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of soil loosening technology, specifically to a soil excavation device for forestry planting with soil loosening effect, comprising: a support plate with an installation hole in the middle; and a soil loosening mechanism including two right-angle rotators fixedly connected to the inner walls on both sides of the installation hole along its length, with the right-angle rotators located at the center of the installation hole along its length, and support groups provided on the opposite faces of the two right-angle rotators. Through the drive component, internal gear transmission frame, soil loosening component, right-angle rotators, and support components in the soil loosening mechanism, the soil excavation and loosening operation is achieved. The drive component drives the internal gear transmission frame, causing it to rotate, meeting the soil loosening needs at different depths, improving the adaptability of the equipment to forestry planting scenarios, solving the problem of limited soil loosening depth in traditional equipment, better promoting seedling root growth, and improving the efficiency and quality of forestry planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of soil loosening technology, and more specifically to a soil excavation device for forestry planting that has a soil loosening effect. Background Technology

[0002] Soil digging equipment for forestry planting with soil loosening effect is a forestry-specific hole digger. It is usually composed of a power unit (such as an engine), a transmission system, and a digging component with spiral blades or shovel teeth. During operation, the power drives the digging component to rotate or reciprocate through the transmission system. The rotation of the spiral blades can turn over the surrounding soil through the spiral structure of the blades while digging the hole, breaking up soil clods and loosening the soil layer. The shovel tooth design can loosen the soil by using the impact force of the tooth tip and the pushing action of the shovel surface when digging. It is suitable for soil digging and loosening operations in different forestry planting scenarios, improving soil permeability and planting efficiency, such as the intelligent forestry cultivation soil digging equipment disclosed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN116649023B.

[0003] Existing soil-loosening equipment for forestry planting typically only loosens the shallow surface of the soil. It cannot be adapted to different planting depths based on the specific characteristics of the forestry species. This limits the growth of seedlings with varying root systems. For example, deep-rooted species like ginkgo and pine suffer from stunted growth and reduced wind and drought resistance because the deep soil is compacted, hindering root penetration and absorption of nutrients and water. Conversely, some shallow-rooted shrub species are susceptible to root exposure from excessively deep loosening, affecting their adhesion to the soil and increasing the risk of lodging. Furthermore, species requiring high soil aeration may experience root rot and other diseases due to inadequate loosening of the deep soil, reducing survival rates and timber quality, and ultimately hindering the improvement of forestry economic and ecological benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a soil digging device for forestry planting with soil loosening effect, which can effectively solve the problem that the existing technology can only dig and loosen the soil on the shallow surface, and cannot change the soil digging device to loosen the soil at different depths according to the actual situation of the forestry planting species.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a soil excavation device for forestry planting with a soil loosening effect, comprising:

[0007] The tray has an installation hole in the middle.

[0008] The soil loosening mechanism includes two right-angle rotators fixedly connected to the inner walls of both sides of the installation hole along its length, with the right-angle rotators located at the center of the installation hole along its length. Support components are provided on the opposite faces of the two right-angle rotators, and a drive component is provided at the center of the support components. An internal gear transmission frame is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the drive component.

[0009] The horizontal locking mechanism has two components, which are staggered and mirror-arranged on both sides of the tray located along the length of the mounting hole. The horizontal locking mechanism includes a rope winding machine and a protective shell that are fixedly connected side by side to the side of the tray. Inside the protective shell, a pair of guide components and two pairs of pulleys are arranged side by side. On both sides of the length of the protective shell, a pair of elastic telescopic sleeves are provided. On the other side of the elastic telescopic sleeves, a second electric telescopic device and a locking roller are provided.

[0010] A vertical locking mechanism, wherein there are two vertical locking mechanisms, which are staggered and mirror-arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the tray located in the length direction of the mounting hole.

[0011] Preferably, a slide rail is fixedly connected to the center of one side of the pallet in the width direction, a connector and a controller are slidably connected inside the slide rail, a traction machine is connected to the other side of the connector, and the controller is electrically connected to the central control device of the traction machine. A detector is installed on the side of the pallet in the length direction, and the detector is electrically connected to the controller. Movable support structures are provided at the bottom of both sides of the pallet in the width direction.

[0012] Preferably, the mobile support structure includes two locking telescopic rods and a first electric telescopic device that are fixedly connected side by side to the bottom of the pallet. The first electric telescopic device is located between the two locking telescopic rods and is electrically connected to the controller. The bottom of the locking telescopic rods and the first electric telescopic device are fixedly connected to a fixing plate, and a track is fixedly connected to the other side of the fixing plate.

[0013] Preferably, the right-angle rotator is electrically connected to the controller;

[0014] The support assembly includes a fixed block fixedly connected to the rotating end of the right-angle rotator. Support rods are fixedly connected to both sides of the fixed block along the length of the internal gear transmission frame. First support rods are fixedly connected to both sides of the fixed block along the width of the internal gear transmission frame. A first horizontal support slider is fixedly connected to the other side of each first support rod, and the other side of the first horizontal support slider is slidably connected to the inner wall of the internal gear transmission frame at a horizontal position. Multiple second support rods are symmetrically fixedly connected to the rods in a linear array. A second horizontal support slider is fixedly connected to the other end of each second support rod, and the other side of the second horizontal support slider is slidably connected to the inner wall of the internal gear transmission frame at a horizontal position. A curved support slider is fixedly connected to the end of the support rod furthest from the fixed block, and the other side of the curved support slider is slidably connected to the inner wall of the curved section of the internal gear transmission frame.

[0015] Preferably, the drive assembly includes two pairs of fixed rods fixedly connected at the middle position of two adjacent interconnecting rods. The other end of each pair of fixed rods is fixedly connected to a mounting block. The opposite surfaces of the two mounting blocks are jointly fixedly connected to a dual-head motor. The two output ends of the dual-head motor are fixedly connected to a rotating shaft. The other side of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a gear. The internal gear transmission frame meshes with the gear.

[0016] Preferably, locking grooves are provided on both sides of the internal gear transmission frame along its length, and multiple loosening components are threadedly connected to the interior of the internal gear transmission frame along its length.

[0017] Preferably, a rope is wound inside the shaft of the rope winding machine;

[0018] The guiding components include two slides fixedly connected to the inner walls of opposite sides of the protective shell, and a sliding plate slidably connected between the two slides. The other end of the winding rope is fixedly connected to the two sliding plates. Inside the protective shell, a pair of pulleys are fixedly connected to both sides corresponding to the two pairs of guiding components, and the pulleys correspond to the positions of the elastic telescopic sleeves. Springs are fixedly connected to the center positions of both sides inside the elastic telescopic sleeves. A pull rope is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the elastic telescopic sleeve on the side away from the protective shell. The other end of the pull rope passes through the elastic telescopic sleeve and the protective shell, and after being wrapped around the pulleys, it is fixedly connected to the sliding plate.

[0019] Preferably, the second electric telescopic device is fixedly connected to the side of the elastic telescopic sleeve away from the protective shell, and the second electric telescopic device is electrically connected to the controller;

[0020] The locking roller is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second electric telescopic device, and the locking roller is tactilely connected to the locking groove.

[0021] Preferably, the vertical locking mechanism includes a protective cover fixedly connected to the side of the pallet, an expansion joint fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective cover facing the internal gear transmission frame, and the expansion joint being electrically connected to the controller, and a roller block fixedly connected to the other side of the expansion joint, the roller block being in rolling connection with the side of the internal gear transmission frame.

[0022] Preferably, it also includes a cleaning mechanism, the cleaning mechanism including a fixed frame fixedly connected to the side of the fixed plate near the connector, and the fixed frame facing the internal gear transmission frame, a mounting plate slidably connected inside the fixed frame, a threaded rod driver fixedly connected to the upper end face of the mounting plate, and the threaded rod driver electrically connected to the controller, and a scraper fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting plate;

[0023] The upper surfaces of both sides of the mounting plate in the width direction are fixedly connected to support seats, and the opposing surfaces of the two support seats are rotatably connected to threaded rods. The threaded rod driver is threadedly connected to the threaded rod body.

[0024] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the known prior art:

[0025] 1. The soil loosening mechanism utilizes a drive component, internal gear transmission frame, loosening components, a right-angle rotator, and a support component to achieve soil excavation and loosening operations. The drive component drives the internal gear transmission frame, causing it to rotate. Multiple loosening components, threadedly connected to the rotating internal gear transmission frame, perform the soil excavation and loosening operation. The right-angle rotator, in conjunction with the support component, allows for 90-degree adjustment of the internal gear transmission frame within the support plate. This allows the internal gear transmission frame and the loosening components to have both horizontal and vertical configurations within the support plate. The horizontal configuration is used for excavating and loosening the soil surface, while the vertical configuration, combined with the lifting function of the first electric telescopic device, allows for depth adjustment to meet different soil loosening needs. This improves the equipment's adaptability to forestry planting scenarios, solves the problem of limited loosening depth in traditional equipment, better promotes seedling root growth, and enhances forestry planting efficiency and quality.

[0026] 2. A horizontal and vertical locking mechanism are used to lock the internal gear transmission frame in both horizontal and vertical positions within the pallet. The horizontal locking mechanism utilizes a rope rewinder to release the wound rope, thereby moving the guide assembly within the protective housing. The moving guide assembly uses a pull rope to raise the second electric telescopic device along the elastic telescopic sleeve. Combined with the extension of the second electric telescopic device, this locks the internal gear transmission frame in its horizontal position within the pallet. When the internal gear transmission frame switches to a vertical position, the rope rewinder begins to wind the rope, causing the guide assembly to pull the rope and lock the second electric telescopic device in its vertical position. The movable telescopic device descends along the elastic telescopic sleeve, and in conjunction with the contraction of the second electric telescopic device, the locking roller releases the internal gear transmission frame in the horizontal state within the pallet. The internal gear transmission frame, having completed the vertical state switch, uses the extension and retraction of the telescopic device in the vertical locking mechanism to achieve the contact and separation between the roller block and the internal gear transmission frame, thereby locking and releasing the internal gear transmission frame in the vertical state. Through the cooperation of the two locking mechanisms, the reliability of the equipment under different operating conditions is improved, preventing digging deviations and equipment damage caused by component shaking. It also improves the ease of operation and work efficiency of the equipment, ensuring its efficient operation in complex forestry planting scenarios.

[0027] 3. When the internal gear transmission frame, driven by the cleaning mechanism, drives the loosening component to excavate and loosen the soil, it cleans up stones on the soil surface to prevent damage to the loosening component. This also prevents stones from getting stuck between the horizontal locking mechanism and the locking groove during operation, avoiding locking failure or component wear due to foreign object interference, and ensuring stable locking of the internal gear transmission frame in the horizontal state. Furthermore, when switching to the vertical state, it also prevents stones from affecting the normal operation of the expansion joint and roller blocks in the vertical locking mechanism, preventing stones from obstructing the contact between the roller blocks and the internal gear transmission frame, ensuring the reliability of the vertical locking mechanism. This allows the entire equipment to operate stably under different operating conditions, reducing malfunctions and improving the overall working efficiency and safety of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the invention in its horizontal state;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall side view of the invention in a horizontal state;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the invention in its vertical state;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tray of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the soil loosening mechanism of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving component of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support component of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal gear transmission frame of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal locking mechanism of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the horizontal locking mechanism of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the elastic telescopic sleeve of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical locking mechanism of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning mechanism of the present invention.

[0042] Reference numerals: 1. Support plate; 11. Mounting hole; 12. Slide rail; 13. Connector; 14. Controller; 15. Detector; 16. Moving support structure; 161. Locking telescopic rod; 162. First electric telescopic device; 163. Fixing plate; 164. Track; 2. Soil loosening mechanism; 21. Right-angle rotator; 22. Support assembly; 221. Fixing block; 222. Support rod; 223. First support rod; 224. First horizontal support slider; 225. Interconnecting rod; 226. Curved surface support slider; 227. Second support rod; 228. Second horizontal support slider; 23. Drive assembly; 231. Fixing rod; 232. Mounting block; 233. Double... 1. Head motor; 234. Shaft; 235. Gear; 24. Internal gear transmission frame; 241. Locking groove; 242. Soil loosening component; 3. Horizontal locking mechanism; 31. Rope winding machine; 311. Rope winding; 32. Protective shell; 33. Guide assembly; 331. Slide rail; 332. Slide plate; 34. Pulley; 35. Elastic telescopic sleeve; 351. Spring; 36. Second electric telescopic device; 37. Pull rope; 38. Locking roller; 4. Vertical locking mechanism; 41. Protective cover; 42. Telescopic device; 43. Roller block; 5. Cleaning mechanism; 51. Fixing frame; 52. Mounting plate; 53. Threaded rod driver; 54. Scraper; 55. Threaded rod; 56. Support base. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0045] Example: Refer to Figures 1 to 13 A soil excavation device for forestry planting with soil loosening effect, comprising:

[0046] The tray 1 has an installation hole 11 in the middle position;

[0047] The soil loosening mechanism 2 includes two right-angle rotators 21 fixedly connected to the inner walls on both sides of the installation hole 11 along its length, and the right-angle rotators 21 are located at the center of the installation hole 11 along its length. Support components 22 are provided on the opposite surfaces of the two right-angle rotators 21, and a drive component 23 is provided at the center of the support component 22. An internal gear transmission frame 24 is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the drive component 23.

[0048] The horizontal locking mechanism 3 has two parts, which are staggered and mirror-arranged on both sides of the pallet 1 along the length of the mounting hole 11. The horizontal locking mechanism 3 includes a rope winding machine 31 and a protective shell 32 that are fixedly connected to the side of the pallet 1. Inside the protective shell 32, a pair of guide components 33 and two pairs of pulleys 34 are arranged in parallel. On both sides of the length of the protective shell 32, a pair of elastic telescopic sleeves 35 are provided. On the other side of the elastic telescopic sleeves 35, a second electric telescopic device 36 and a locking roller 38 are provided.

[0049] Vertical locking mechanism 4, there are two vertical locking mechanisms 4, which are staggered and mirror-arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the support plate 1 along the length of the mounting hole 11.

[0050] The soil loosening mechanism 2 is installed in the mounting hole 11. The two right-angle rotators 21 in the soil loosening mechanism 2 move synchronously. The two synchronously moving right-angle rotators 21 act on the internal gear transmission frame 24 through the support component 22. Thus, each time the right-angle rotator 21 rotates, the internal gear transmission frame 24 rotates 90 degrees in the mounting hole 11. This results in the internal gear transmission frame 24 presenting two different forms in the mounting hole 11: horizontal and vertical.

[0051] Reference Figures 1 to 3 A slide rail 12 is fixedly connected to the center of one side of the pallet 1 in the width direction. A connector 13 and a controller 14 are slidably connected inside the slide rail 12. A traction machine is connected to the other side of the connector 13, and the controller 14 is electrically connected to the central control equipment of the traction machine. A detector 15 is installed on the side of the pallet 1 in the length direction, and the detector 15 is electrically connected to the controller 14. Movable support structures 16 are provided at the bottom of both sides of the pallet 1 in the width direction.

[0052] By using the slide rail 12 to allow the connector 13 to slide within it, the position of the connector 13 in the traction machine will not change when the distance between the pallet 1 and the soil is adjusted by the movable support structure 16.

[0053] Reference Figures 2 to 4 The mobile support structure 16 includes two locking telescopic rods 161 and a first electric telescopic device 162 that are fixedly connected in parallel to the bottom of the pallet 1. The first electric telescopic device 162 is located between the two locking telescopic rods 161 and is electrically connected to the controller 14. The bottom of the locking telescopic rods 161 and the first electric telescopic device 162 are fixedly connected to a fixing plate 163. The other side of the fixing plate 163 is fixedly connected to a track 164.

[0054] The distance between the pallet 1 and the soil is adjusted using the first electric telescopic device 162. The adjustment distance is determined by the two forms of the internal gear transmission frame 24. When the internal gear transmission frame 24 is in a horizontal form, the first electric telescopic device 162 will cause the pallet 1 to drive the internal gear transmission frame 24 to contact the soil surface, thereby loosening the soil surface. When the internal gear transmission frame 24 is in a vertical form, the first electric telescopic device 162 will cause the pallet 1 to extend and retract according to the soil depth corresponding to the plant, thereby allowing the internal gear transmission frame 24 to be inserted into the soil depth corresponding to the current plant, so as to adjust the depth as needed and meet the soil loosening needs at different depths.

[0055] Reference Figures 4 to 5 , Figure 7 The right-angle rotator 21 is electrically connected to the controller 14;

[0056] The support assembly 22 includes a fixed block 221 fixedly connected to the rotating end of the right-angle rotator 21. Support rods 222 are fixedly connected to both sides of the fixed block 221 along the length of the internal gear transmission frame 24. First support rods 223 are fixedly connected to both sides of the fixed block 221 along the width of the internal gear transmission frame 24. A first horizontal support slider 224 is fixedly connected to the other side of the first support rod 223, and the other side of the first horizontal support slider 224 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the internal gear transmission frame 24 at a horizontal position. Multiple second support rods 227 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the rods of the support rods 222 in a linear array. A second horizontal support slider 228 is fixedly connected to the other end of each second support rod 227, and the other side of the second horizontal support slider 228 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the internal gear transmission frame 24 at a horizontal position. A curved support slider 226 is fixedly connected to the end of the support rod 222 away from the fixed block 221, and the other side of the curved support slider 226 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the curved section of the internal gear transmission frame 24.

[0057] The right-angle rotator 21 in the support assembly 22 is used to achieve a rotation angle of 90 degrees in the mounting hole 11 of the internal gear transmission frame 24, so that the internal gear transmission frame 24 will present two different forms in the mounting hole 11: horizontal and vertical.

[0058] Reference Figures 6 to 7 The drive assembly 23 includes two pairs of fixed rods 231 fixedly connected to the middle of the bodies of two adjacent interconnecting rods 225. The other end of each pair of fixed rods 231 is fixedly connected to a mounting block 232. The opposite surfaces of the two mounting blocks 232 are fixedly connected to a dual-head motor 233. The two output ends of the dual-head motor 233 are fixedly connected to a rotating shaft 234. The other side of the rotating shaft 234 is fixedly connected to a gear 235. An internal gear transmission frame 24 meshes with the gear 235.

[0059] The mounting block 232 and the interconnecting rod 225 are fixed by the fixing rod 231 in the drive assembly 23. The mounting block 232 is used to fix the dual-head motor 233, thereby fixing the dual-head motor 233 to the support assembly 22, so that the dual-head motor 233 can be fixed when the support assembly 22 is rotated by the right angle rotator 21.

[0060] Reference Figure 5 , Figure 8 Locking grooves 241 are provided on both sides of the internal gear transmission frame 24 along its length direction. Multiple loosening parts 242 are threadedly connected to the interior of the internal gear transmission frame 24 along its shape.

[0061] The soil loosening component 242 is threadedly connected to the internal gear transmission frame 24, and the rotating internal gear transmission frame 24 loosens the soil through the soil loosening component 242. Since the soil loosening component 242 is connected to the internal gear transmission frame 24 by screws, the soil loosening component 242 can be replaced in time if one of them is damaged.

[0062] Reference Figure 4 , Figures 9 to 11 The rope winding machine 31 has a rope 311 wound inside its shaft;

[0063] The guide assembly 33 includes two slide rails 331 fixedly connected to the inner walls of opposite sides of the protective shell 32. A slide plate 332 is slidably connected between the two slide rails 331. The other end of the winding rope 311 is fixedly connected to the two slide plates 332. A pair of pulleys 34 are fixedly connected to both sides of the protective shell 32 corresponding to the two pairs of guide assemblies 33. The pulleys 34 correspond to the positions of the elastic telescopic sleeve 35. A spring 351 is fixedly connected to the center position of both sides of the elastic telescopic sleeve 35. A pull rope 37 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the elastic telescopic sleeve 35 away from the protective shell 32. The other end of the pull rope 37 passes through the elastic telescopic sleeve 35 and the protective shell 32, and after winding around the pulleys 34, it is fixedly connected to the slide plate 332.

[0064] The second electric telescopic device 36 is fixedly connected to the side of the elastic telescopic sleeve 35 away from the protective shell 32, and the second electric telescopic device 36 is electrically connected to the controller 14.

[0065] The locking roller 38 is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second electric telescopic device 36, and the locking roller 38 is tactilely connected to the locking groove 241.

[0066] The horizontal locking mechanism 3 locks the internal gear transmission frame 24 when the right-angle rotator 21 adjusts the internal gear transmission frame 24 to a horizontal position in the mounting hole 11. When the internal gear transmission frame 24 switches to a vertical position, the horizontal locking mechanism 3 releases the internal gear transmission frame 24 from its horizontal position in the support plate 1.

[0067] Reference Figure 12 The vertical locking mechanism 4 includes a protective cover 41 fixedly connected to the side of the support plate 1. An expansion joint 42 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the side of the protective cover 41 facing the internal gear transmission frame 24, and the expansion joint 42 is electrically connected to the controller 14. A roller block 43 is fixedly connected to the other side of the expansion joint 42, and the roller block 43 is in rolling connection with the side of the internal gear transmission frame 24.

[0068] By extending the telescopic device 42, when the internal gear transmission frame 24 is switched to the vertical state, the roller block 43 is brought into contact with the internal gear transmission frame 24, thereby locking the internal gear transmission frame 24 in the vertical state.

[0069] Reference Figure 2 , Figure 13 It also includes a cleaning mechanism 5, which includes a fixed frame 51 fixedly connected to the side of the fixed plate 163 near the connector 13, and the fixed frame 51 faces the internal gear transmission frame 24. The fixed frame 51 is slidably connected to the inside of the fixed frame 51. The upper end face of the mounting plate 52 is fixedly connected to a threaded rod driver 53, and the threaded rod driver 53 is electrically connected to the controller 14. The bottom of the mounting plate 52 is fixedly connected to a scraper 54.

[0070] Support seats 56 are fixedly connected to the upper surfaces of both sides of the mounting plate 52 in the width direction. Threaded rods 55 are rotatably connected to the opposite surfaces of the two support seats 56. Threaded rod driver 53 is threadedly connected to the body of threaded rod 55.

[0071] The reciprocating movement of the threaded rod driver 53 in the threaded rod 55 in the cleaning mechanism 5 drives the reciprocating movement of the scraper 54. Since the threaded rod driver 53, the threaded rod 55 and the scraper 54 are installed in the fixed plate 163 through the fixed frame 51, the adjustment of the pallet 1 by the first electric telescopic device 162 does not affect the fixed plate 163. Therefore, the scraper 54 will always be in contact with the soil, thereby achieving the cleaning effect of stones on the soil surface, so as to avoid damage to the loosening component 242 by the stones.

[0072] The specific operating principle of this embodiment is as follows:

[0073] Step 1: First, the operator connects the equipment to the traction machine via connector 13 and electrically connects the controller 14 to the traction machine's central control equipment, ensuring normal signal transmission. This enables the traction machine's central control equipment to synchronously control the controller 14. Meanwhile, the detector 15 monitors in real time whether anyone is within a safe distance during the equipment's soil loosening operations and state switching (the equipment in this solution refers to a forestry planting soil excavation device with soil loosening effect). Once someone is detected approaching the danger zone, a circular area with a radius of 5 meters centered on the equipment is generally designated as the danger zone. When someone enters this area, the detector... Device 15 will immediately emit a sharp alarm sound through the audible and visual alarm system and display a prominent warning message on the display screen of controller 14, prompting the operator to suspend equipment operation until the danger is eliminated to ensure operational safety. Simultaneously, the tracks 164 of the moving support structure 16 will smoothly touch the ground, locking the telescopic rod 161 and the first electric telescopic device 162 support plate 1 to maintain an initial distance from the soil surface (the initial distance is a variable determined by the actual unevenness of the soil). At the same time, the internal gear transmission frame 24 (including the soil loosening component 242 installed in the internal gear transmission frame 24) will initially be in a horizontal state (e.g., ...). Figure 1 (As shown).

[0074] After connecting the equipment to the tractor, the operator selects one of two modes for loosening the soil: horizontal or vertical, depending on the current forestry planting species in the soil.

[0075] The two modes of soil loosening operations, horizontal and vertical, correspond to different forestry plant species. Examples of the forestry plant species corresponding to these two modes of soil loosening are given below:

[0076] 1) Horizontal soil loosening operation (shallow surface soil loosening):

[0077] This method is suitable for shallow-rooted shrubs such as Buxus microphylla, whose roots are mostly distributed in the top 20-30 cm of soil. Deep loosening of the soil during planting and maintenance can easily damage the roots, affecting the plant's growth and survival. Forsythia is also suitable, as its roots are mainly concentrated in the 0-30 cm soil layer and it requires high soil aeration. Horizontal loosening can effectively loosen the topsoil, enhance aeration, and avoid damaging the roots. It is also suitable for some herbaceous plants such as Liriope muscari, whose roots are relatively shallow, mainly in the top 10-20 cm of soil. Horizontal loosening can meet their soil environment requirements.

[0078] 2) Vertical soil loosening operation (deep soil loosening):

[0079] This method is suitable for deep-rooted seedlings like ginkgo, which has a well-developed root system with the taproot extending 2-3 meters underground and lateral roots widely distributed. Deep soil loosening can break up the compacted deep soil, creating more favorable space for root growth. Pine trees also have deep roots, reaching several meters underground. Deep soil loosening can improve the structure of deep soil, promote deep root growth, and enhance the stability of the trees and their ability to absorb nutrients and water.

[0080] Step 2: Explain the operation methods for loosening soil in horizontal and vertical positions respectively:

[0081] 1): When loosening soil in a horizontal position (e.g.) Figure 1 (as shown)

[0082] The operator sends a command to the rope winding machine 31 in the horizontal locking mechanism 3 through the controller 14. The motor of the rope winding machine 31 starts, driving the winding rope 311 to slowly release. During the release of the winding rope 311, the slide plate 332 in the guide assembly 33 is affected by the elasticity restored by the spring 351 in the elastic telescopic sleeve 35 when compressed, and begins to slide smoothly along the slide rail 331 away from the rope winding machine 31, so that the second electric telescopic device 36 gradually rises along the elastic telescopic sleeve 35. When the elastic telescopic sleeve 35 has returned to its normal length, the controller 14 begins to control the second electric telescopic device 36 to fully extend, thereby aligning the locking roller 38 with the locking groove 241 of the internal gear transmission frame 24 and embedding it therein, thus completing the horizontal locking mechanism 3 to lock the internal gear transmission frame 24 in a horizontal state.

[0083] Once the locking is complete, the controller 14 synchronously starts the dual-head motor 233 of the drive assembly 23. After the dual-head motor 233 is powered on, its rotor rotates at high speed, and transmits power to the gear 235 through the rigidly connected shaft 234, causing the gear 235 to start rotating at high speed. The gear 235 meshes with the internal teeth of the internal gear transmission frame 24. Driven by the gear 235, the internal gear transmission frame 24 begins to rotate around its central axis. The soil loosening component 242 installed on the internal gear transmission frame 24 rotates along with it. During the rotation, the soil loosening component 242 uses its sharp blade and unique structure to dig and loosen the soil surface. At this time, the operator adjusts the speed of the dual-head motor 233 through the controller 14, and controls the speed of the soil loosening component 242 within a suitable range according to the soil texture, compaction and the needs of the planting varieties.

[0084] At the same time, the tractor starts, which in turn drives the entire equipment to move within the work area. During the movement of the equipment, the track 164 provides stable support and driving force to ensure that the equipment can smoothly pass through various terrains. Meanwhile, the detector 15 continuously monitors the safety conditions around the equipment. Once an abnormality is detected, an alarm is immediately triggered and the equipment operation is suspended.

[0085] It should be noted that since the equipment is initially in a horizontal state, it is not necessary to switch the internal gear transmission frame 24 when using the equipment in a horizontal state for soil loosening operations at the beginning.

[0086] 2): When loosening soil in a vertical position (e.g.) Figure 3 (as shown)

[0087] The controller 14 first releases the horizontal locking mechanism 3 from locking the internal gear transmission frame 24. At this time, the controller 14 controls the second electric telescopic device 36 to begin retracting, thereby causing the locking roller 38 to disengage from the locking groove 241 of the internal gear transmission frame 24, releasing the horizontal state lock of the internal gear transmission frame 24. After the second electric telescopic device 36 is fully retracted, the controller 14 sends a retraction command to the rope winding machine 31. The motor of the rope winding machine 31 reverses and begins to wind the rope 311. As the rope 311 gradually shortens, the slide plate 332 slides rapidly along the slide rail 331 towards the rope winding machine 31 under the tension of the rope 311. The sliding of the slide plate 332 causes the spring 351 in the elastic telescopic sleeve 35 to begin compressing and storing force through the pull rope 37. As the spring 351 begins to compress, the elastic telescopic sleeve 35 also begins to retract, thereby driving the second electric telescopic device 36 to descend rapidly to the initial position, thereby releasing the horizontal locking mechanism 3 from locking the internal gear transmission frame 24 in a horizontal state.

[0088] After the lock is released, the controller 14 activates the right-angle rotator 21. When the right-angle rotator 21 receives the command from the controller 14, its rotating end drives the fixed block 221 to rotate. The fixed block 221 transmits rotational force through the support rods 222 on both sides and the first support rod 223. The second support rod 227 on the support rod 222 drives the second horizontal support slider 228 to slide along the inner wall of the internal gear transmission frame 24 at the horizontal position. At the same time, the first horizontal support slider 224 at the end of the first support rod 223 also slides synchronously on the horizontal inner wall of the internal gear transmission frame 24, lifting... Provides horizontal support force; the curved support slider 226 at the far end of the support rod 222 fits against the inner wall of the bend of the internal gear transmission frame 24, playing a guiding and stabilizing role during rotation. Through the coordinated movement of the above components, the support assembly 22 ensures that the internal gear transmission frame 24 smoothly completes the 90-degree horizontal and vertical switching under the drive of the right angle rotator 21. At the same time, after the switching, the sliding contact between each support slider and the inner wall of the internal gear transmission frame 24 maintains its structural stability, avoids shaking or displacement during rotation, and ensures the normal operation of the soil loosening mechanism 2.

[0089] Therefore, the internal gear transmission frame 24 rotates 90 degrees under the drive of the support component 22 until it reaches a vertical state. During the rotation, the rotation angle of the internal gear transmission frame 24 is monitored in real time by an angle sensor installed on the equipment (the angle sensor is existing technology, so it is not shown in the figure), and the angle information is fed back to the controller 14. When the angle reaches 90 degrees, the controller 14 automatically issues a command to stop the right angle rotator 21 from working.

[0090] When the internal gear transmission frame 24 reaches the vertical position, the controller 14 activates the vertical locking mechanism 4. The telescopic member 42 of the vertical locking mechanism 4 begins to extend. A roller block 43 is installed at the front end of the telescopic member 42. As the telescopic member 42 extends, the roller block 43 gradually approaches the side of the internal gear transmission frame 24. When the roller block 43 is in close contact with the side of the internal gear transmission frame 24, the internal gear transmission frame 24 is locked in the vertical position through the cooperation of friction and mechanical structure, ensuring that it will not shake or shift during operation.

[0091] Once the locking is complete, the extension length of the first electric telescopic device 162 is adjusted by the controller 14 according to the root depth requirements of the planted variety and soil conditions. The extension and retraction of the first electric telescopic device 162 causes the support plate 1 to rise or fall, thereby adjusting the vertical height of the internal gear transmission frame 24 and the loosening component 242, so that the loosening component 242 can be accurately inserted into the deep soil depth that needs to be loosened. For example, for ginkgo planting, according to its root distribution characteristics, the loosening component 242 can be adjusted to a depth of 50 to 80 cm underground for loosening operations. After the depth adjustment is completed, the double-head motor 233 is started, and the internal gear transmission frame 24 is driven to rotate through the gear 235, so that the loosening component 242 can perform efficient loosening operations on the deep soil.

[0092] It should be noted that when loosening soil in a vertical position, the traction machine has the same function as when loosening soil in a horizontal position.

[0093] Step 3:

[0094] During equipment operation (including horizontal and vertical soil loosening), the controller 14 synchronously starts the threaded rod driver 53 of the cleaning mechanism 5, which drives the threaded rod 55 to rotate, causing the mounting plate 52 to slide back and forth along the fixed frame 51, so that the bottom scraper 54 continuously contacts the soil surface. When the internal gear transmission frame 24 is in the horizontal state for shallow soil loosening, the scraper 54 moves with the equipment to simultaneously clean up stones, branches and other foreign objects on the working path, preventing them from getting stuck between the locking groove 241 and the locking roller 38 of the horizontal locking mechanism 3, affecting the horizontal locking. Before switching to the vertical state for deep soil loosening, the scraper 54 removes surface stones in advance to prevent foreign objects from obstructing the contact between the roller block 43 of the vertical locking mechanism 4 and the side of the internal gear transmission frame 24, ensuring the reliability of the vertical locking.

[0095] After the soil loosening work in the designated work area is completed, the operator first sends a stop command to the equipment via controller 14. After detector 15 detects that the area around the equipment is safe, the operator controls the expansion joint 42 of the vertical locking mechanism 4 to retract, causing the roller block 43 to disengage from the internal gear transmission frame 24 to release the vertical lock. Then, the right-angle rotator 21 is activated to rotate the internal gear transmission frame 24 90 degrees to a horizontal position. The horizontal locking mechanism 3 then completes the horizontal locking (the working process of the horizontal locking mechanism 3 at this time is the same as the locking process of the horizontal locking mechanism 3 in the second step). Subsequently, the first electric expansion joint 162 and the locking expansion rod 161 are retracted to reset the pallet 1. Finally, the equipment is removed by a traction machine and inspected and maintained.

[0096] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil excavation device for forestry planting with soil loosening effect, characterized in that, include: The tray (1) has an installation hole (11) in the middle position. The soil loosening mechanism (2) includes two right-angle rotators (21) fixedly connected to the inner walls on both sides of the installation hole (11) along the length direction, and the right-angle rotators (21) are located at the center position along the length direction of the installation hole (11). Support components (22) are provided on the opposite surfaces of the two right-angle rotators (21), and a drive component (23) is provided at the center position of the support component (22). An internal gear transmission frame (24) is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the drive component (23). The horizontal locking mechanism (3) has two parts, which are staggered and mirror-arranged on both sides of the tray (1) along the length of the mounting hole (11). The horizontal locking mechanism (3) includes a rope winding machine (31) and a protective shell (32) fixedly connected to the side of the tray (1). Inside the protective shell (32), a pair of guide components (33) and two pairs of pulleys (34) are arranged in parallel. On both sides of the length of the protective shell (32), a pair of elastic telescopic sleeves (35) are provided. On the other side of the elastic telescopic sleeves (35), a second electric telescopic device (36) and a locking roller (38) are provided. Vertical locking mechanism (4), there are two vertical locking mechanisms (4), which are staggered and mirror-arranged on both sides of the inner wall of the tray (1) in the length direction of the mounting hole (11).

2. The soil excavation equipment for forestry planting with soil loosening effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, A slide rail (12) is fixedly connected to the center of one side of the pallet (1) in the width direction. A connector (13) and a controller (14) are slidably connected inside the slide rail (12). A traction machine is connected to the other side of the connector (13), and the controller (14) is electrically connected to the central control equipment of the traction machine. A detector (15) is installed on the side of the pallet (1) in the length direction, and the detector (15) is electrically connected to the controller (14). A movable support structure (16) is provided at the bottom of both sides in the width direction of the pallet (1).

3. The soil excavation equipment for forestry planting with soil loosening effect according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mobile support structure (16) includes two locking telescopic rods (161) and a first electric telescopic device (162) that are fixedly connected in parallel to the bottom of the pallet (1). The first electric telescopic device (162) is located between the two locking telescopic rods (161) and is electrically connected to the controller (14). The bottom of the locking telescopic rods (161) and the first electric telescopic device (162) are fixedly connected to a fixing plate (163). The other side of the fixing plate (163) is fixedly connected to a track (164).

4. The soil excavation equipment for forestry planting with soil loosening effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The right-angle rotator (21) is electrically connected to the controller (14); The support assembly (22) includes a fixed block (221) fixedly connected to the rotating end of the right-angle rotator (21). Support rods (222) are fixedly connected to both sides of the fixed block (221) along the length direction of the internal gear transmission frame (24). First support rods (223) are fixedly connected to both sides of the fixed block (221) along the width direction of the internal gear transmission frame (24). A first horizontal support slider (224) is fixedly connected to the other side of the first support rod (223), and the other side of the first horizontal support slider (224) is horizontally aligned with the internal gear transmission frame (24). The support rod (222) is symmetrically and linearly arrayed with multiple second support rods (227). Each second support rod (227) has a second horizontal support slider (228) fixedly connected to its other end. The other side of the second horizontal support slider (228) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the internal gear transmission frame (24) at the horizontal position. The end of the support rod (222) away from the fixed block (221) is fixedly connected to a curved support slider (226). The other side of the curved support slider (226) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the internal gear transmission frame (24) at the bend.

5. A soil excavation device for forestry planting with soil loosening effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly (23) includes two pairs of fixed rods (231) fixedly connected to the middle position of the two adjacent interconnecting rods (225). The other end of each pair of fixed rods (231) is fixedly connected to a mounting block (232). The opposite surfaces of the two mounting blocks (232) are fixedly connected to a dual-head motor (233). The two output ends of the dual-head motor (233) are fixedly connected to a rotating shaft (234). The other side of the rotating shaft (234) is fixedly connected to a gear (235). The internal gear transmission frame (24) meshes with the gear (235).

6. A soil excavation device for forestry planting with soil loosening effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, Locking grooves (241) are provided on both sides of the internal gear transmission frame (24) along its length direction. Multiple loosening parts (242) are threadedly connected inside the internal gear transmission frame (24) along its length direction.

7. A soil excavation device for forestry planting with soil loosening effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rope winding machine (31) has a rope (311) wound inside its shaft. The guide assembly (33) includes two slides (331) fixedly connected to the inner walls of opposite sides of the protective shell (32), and a slide plate (332) slidably connected between the two slides (331). The other end of the coil (311) is fixedly connected to the two slide plates (332). A pair of pulleys (34) are fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the protective shell (32) corresponding to the two pairs of guide assemblies (33), and the pulleys (34) correspond to the positions of the elastic telescopic sleeve (35). A spring (351) is fixedly connected to the center position of both sides of the inner wall of the elastic telescopic sleeve (35). A pull rope (37) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the elastic telescopic sleeve (35) away from the protective shell (32). The other end of the pull rope (37) passes through the elastic telescopic sleeve (35) and the protective shell (32), and after winding around the pulley (34), it is fixedly connected to the slide plate (332).

8. A soil excavation device for forestry planting with soil loosening effect according to claim 6, characterized in that, The second electric telescopic device (36) is fixedly connected to the side of the elastic telescopic sleeve (35) away from the protective shell (32), and the second electric telescopic device (36) is electrically connected to the controller (14); The locking roller (38) is fixedly connected to the telescopic end of the second electric telescopic device (36), and the locking roller (38) is tumblingly connected to the locking groove (241).

9. A soil excavation device for forestry planting with soil loosening effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical locking mechanism (4) includes a protective cover (41) fixedly connected to the side of the pallet (1). A telescopic device (42) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective cover (41) facing the internal gear transmission frame (24), and the telescopic device (42) is electrically connected to the controller (14). A roller block (43) is fixedly connected to the other side of the telescopic device (42), and the roller block (43) is in rolling connection with the side of the internal gear transmission frame (24).

10. A soil excavation device for forestry planting with soil loosening effect according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a cleaning mechanism (5), which includes a fixed frame (51) fixedly connected to the side of a fixed plate (163) near the connector (13), and the fixed frame (51) faces the internal gear transmission frame (24). The fixed frame (51) is slidably connected to a mounting plate (52), and a threaded rod driver (53) is fixedly connected to the upper end face of the mounting plate (52). The threaded rod driver (53) is electrically connected to the controller (14), and a scraper (54) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting plate (52). The upper surfaces of both sides of the mounting plate (52) in the width direction are fixedly connected to support seats (56), and the opposing surfaces of the two support seats (56) are rotatably connected to threaded rods (55). The threaded rod driver (53) is threadedly connected to the body of the threaded rod (55).

Images