A flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device and method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of inertia friction welding of thin-walled high-temperature alloy parts, and specifically relates to a flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device and method. The device includes an inner cermet tube, an outer cermet tube, a vibrating rod, a heater, a rotating disk, and a core shaft; the heater is located inside the core shaft, and the inner and outer sides of the top forging side workpiece are respectively interference-fitted with the inner and outer cermet tubes, and the ends of the inner and outer cermet tubes extend axially to the outside of the top forging side workpiece to form an annular friction welding operation area, and friction welding is performed in the annular friction welding operation area, and the weld is constrained by the inner and outer cermet tubes; the rotating disk is mounted on the outside of the outer cermet tube, and a plurality of vibrating rods are provided on the rotating disk. The rotating disk drives the vibrating rods to dynamically follow the weld trajectory, and the vibrating rods perform online synchronous grain refinement operations on the weld through vibration. The present invention achieves uniform refinement of the weld grain structure, effectively suppresses flash formation and crack initiation, and improves forming accuracy and production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of inertia friction welding of high-temperature alloy thin-walled parts, and particularly relates to a flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device and method. Background Art

[0002] Nickel-based high-temperature alloys, due to their high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance, have become the core material for the manufacture of hot-end components such as aircraft engine rotors. However, high-temperature alloy materials have a relatively complex composition and a relatively special microstructure. Traditional fusion welding processes can easily disrupt their metallurgical equilibrium, especially affecting their high-temperature resistance. As an advanced solid-phase joining technology, inertia friction welding can effectively avoid melting-solidification defects caused by melting of the joint during the welding process, while reducing material damage caused by high welding temperatures. It has the advantages of fast welding speed, simple parameter control, and stable joint performance, making it the preferred technology for high-performance connections in aircraft engines.

[0003] While traditional inertia friction welding devices offer good process stability, the overall production process is complex and cumbersome, significantly reducing overall production efficiency. Furthermore, inertia friction welded joints suffer from issues such as uneven microstructure, thermal cracking in the joint, and uncontrollable deformation accuracy caused by torsional torque in thin-walled components. After inertia friction welding, secondary machining of internal and external flash, resulting in residual stress, deformation, and surface fatigue cracking, impacts component shape accuracy, as well as the service performance and reliability of the joint. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an inertia friction welding device and method that eliminates flash cracks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device and method to solve the technical difficulties of traditional inertia friction welding devices, such as low production efficiency, uneven microstructure, and uncontrollable deformation accuracy caused by joint thermal cracks and torsional torque of thin-walled parts.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] On the one hand, the present invention provides a flash-free crack inertia friction welding device for high-performance friction welding between a rotating side workpiece and an upsetting side workpiece, wherein the flash-free crack inertia friction welding device comprises an inner metal ceramic tube, an outer metal ceramic tube, a vibrating rod, a heater, a rotating disk and a core shaft, wherein the core shaft is used to support the rotating side workpiece and the upsetting side workpiece; the heater is located inside the core shaft, and the heater is used to preheat the workpiece before inertia friction welding and to slowly cool and keep it warm after inertia friction welding; the inner and outer sides of the upsetting side workpiece are respectively interference-fitted with the inner metal ceramic tube and the outer metal ceramic tube. The ends of the ceramic tube, the inner metal ceramic tube and the outer metal ceramic tube extend axially to the outside of the top forging side workpiece, and the inner metal ceramic tube and the outer metal ceramic tube form an annular friction welding operation area, in which the top forging side workpiece and the rotating side workpiece are friction welded; the weld is constrained by the inner and outer metal ceramic tubes; the rotating disk is mounted on the outside of the outer metal ceramic tube, and a plurality of vibrating rods are circumferentially arranged on the rotating disk. The rotating disk drives the vibrating rods to dynamically follow the weld trajectory, and the vibrating rods implement an online synchronous joint grain refinement process operation on the weld through vibration.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the inner metal ceramic tube is axially limited by a shoulder of the core shaft; the outer metal ceramic tube is axially limited by a shoulder of the workpiece on the upset side.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the inner metal ceramic tube and the outer metal ceramic tube are clearance-matched with the inner and outer sides of the rotating side workpiece, and the outer surface of the end of the inner metal ceramic tube is provided with an annular groove I and a guide cone surface I located inside the annular groove I, and an inner exhaust capillary channel is formed between the annular groove I and the inner surface of the rotating side workpiece;

[0009] The inner surface of the end of the outer metal ceramic tube is provided with an annular groove II and a guide cone surface II located on the inner side of the annular groove II. An external exhaust capillary channel is formed between the annular groove II and the outer surface of the rotating side workpiece. The internal exhaust capillary channel and the external exhaust capillary channel are used for exhausting the annular friction welding operation area.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the curvature of the impact head of the vibration rod matches the curvature of the outer surface of the outer metal-ceramic tube.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device further includes a base and an energy storage unit and a forging unit disposed on the base;

[0012] The energy storage unit includes a motor, a transmission shaft, a main shaft, a clutch, a flywheel and a rotating chuck that are coaxially connected in sequence. The clutch is used to control the connection and disconnection between the main shaft and the flywheel; the flywheel stores kinetic energy for energy transfer during inertia friction welding; and the rotating chuck is used to fix the rotating side workpiece.

[0013] The forging unit includes a movable workbench, a fixed chuck, a sliding bracket and a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the sliding bracket and the hydraulic cylinder are arranged on the base, the movable workbench and the sliding bracket are slidably matched, and the rear end of the movable workbench is connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the front end of the movable workbench is connected to the fixed chuck, and the fixed chuck is used to fix the workpiece on the top forging side; the movable workbench is driven by the hydraulic cylinder to realize top forging pressurization.

[0014] In one possible implementation, a code disc is provided on the flywheel, and the code disc is used to collect the real-time rotation speed of the flywheel.

[0015] In one possible implementation, one end of the core shaft is rotationally connected to the flywheel, and the other end of the core shaft passes through the hollow cavity of the movable workbench and the hydraulic cylinder in sequence and is fixedly connected to the base.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device further includes a driving assembly for driving the rotating disk to rotate, wherein the driving assembly is disposed on the base, and an output end thereof is connected to the rotating disk.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device further includes a tip tool, and the tip tool is used to break the outer metal ceramic tube.

[0018] Another aspect of the present invention provides a flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding method using the above-mentioned device, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step S1: Fixing the rotating side workpiece and the upset side workpiece to be welded on a rotating chuck and a fixed chuck respectively, and preheating the workpieces by a heater in the mandrel;

[0020] Step S2: starting the motor to drive the flywheel and drive the rotating workpiece to accelerate to a set speed. After the flywheel stores sufficient kinetic energy, the motor and flywheel are disconnected, and the flywheel continues to rotate under the action of inertia;

[0021] Step S3: Driven by the hydraulic cylinder, the workpiece on the upset side moves toward the workpiece on the rotating side. The upset side workpiece and the rotating side workpiece come into contact within the annular friction welding operation area between the inner and outer cermet tubes, generating frictional resistance, which gradually decays the flywheel speed. Frictional heat heats the contact surface between the upset side workpiece and the rotating side workpiece to a high-temperature viscoplastic state. During this stage, the kinetic energy of the flywheel is continuously converted into thermal energy.

[0022] Step S4: When the flywheel speed drops to a preset threshold, the hydraulic cylinder applies axial upsetting pressure to the workpiece on the upsetting side, so that the metal material fully flows in a high-temperature viscoplastic state and promotes metallurgical bonding;

[0023] Step S5: The rotating disk drives the vibrating rod to follow the weld trajectory. At the same time, the vibrating rod reshapes the weld by vibration and makes the grain structure uniform and refined. The upsetting pressure of the hydraulic cylinder needs to be maintained until the flywheel stops completely.

[0024] Step S6: temperature-controlled and slowly cooling the weld of the workpiece;

[0025] Step S7: The outer metal ceramic tube is penetrated to a certain depth by a sharp tool, the outer metal ceramic tube is broken, and the inner metal ceramic tube is pressed and disassembled, thereby obtaining a high-quality flash-free weld.

[0026] The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device, which achieves flash formation suppression, uniform grain refinement and residual stress control during the welding process by integrating a metal ceramic tube pre-tightening structure, a multi-degree-of-freedom vibration refinement system and a dynamic temperature control technology, effectively eliminating the flash crack defects of traditional inertia friction welding and improving the service performance and reliability of the welded joint.

[0027] The present invention provides a flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding method, which solves the problem of microstructure unevenness caused by inertia friction welding speed fluctuations by dynamically following the weld trajectory through a vibrating rod, thereby improving the uniformity of grain structure; reduces welding residual stress and effectively suppresses thermal cracks through the synergistic effect of constant temperature control and vibration impact; avoids the formation of weld flash through internal and external metal ceramic tube constraints, eliminates secondary processing steps, and achieves a near-net-shape effect; combines servo axial pressure control with offline demolition technology to effectively eliminate traditional inertia welding flash crack defects and improve the service performance and reliability of welded joints.

[0028] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is an axonometric view of a flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of the middle part;

[0034] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0035] Figure 5 A schematic cross-sectional view of a flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of point C in the middle;

[0037] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of breaking open the outer metal ceramic tube in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1. Motor; 2. Drive shaft; 3. Spindle; 4. Clutch; 5. Flywheel; 6. Rotating chuck; 7. Workpiece; 701. Rotating side workpiece; 702. Upsetting side workpiece; 703. Weld; 8. Vibrating rod; 801. Impact head; 9. Moving worktable; 10. Fixed chuck; 11. Sliding bracket; 12. Hydraulic cylinder; 13. Base; 14. Mandrel; 15. Heater; 16. Inner metal ceramic tube; 17. Outer metal ceramic tube; 18. Bearing; 19. Rotating disk; 20. Drive assembly; 21. Code disk; 22. Tip tool; 1601. Guide cone surface I; 1602. Inner exhaust capillary channel; 1701. Guide cone surface II; 1702. Outer exhaust capillary channel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0040] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0041] See also Figures 1 to 7As shown, the present invention provides a flash-free crack inertia friction welding device for high-performance friction welding between a rotating side workpiece 701 and a top forging side workpiece 702. The flash-free crack inertia friction welding device includes an inner metal ceramic tube 16, an outer metal ceramic tube 17, a vibrating rod 8, a heater 15, a rotating disk 19 and a core shaft 14, wherein the core shaft 14 is used to support the rotating side workpiece 701 and the top forging side workpiece 702; the heater 15 is located inside the core shaft 14, and the heater 15 is used to preheat the workpiece before inertia friction welding and to slowly cool and heat-insulate the workpiece after inertia friction welding, thereby effectively controlling the generation of inertia welding thermal cracks; the inner and outer sides of the top forging side workpiece 702 are respectively interference-fitted with the inner metal ceramic tube 16 and the outer metal ceramic tube 17. The ends of the inner metal ceramic tube 16 and the outer metal ceramic tube 17 extend axially to the outside of the top forging side workpiece 702, and an annular friction welding operation area is formed between the inner metal ceramic tube 16 and the outer metal ceramic tube 17. The top forging side workpiece 702 and the rotating side workpiece 701 are friction welded in the annular friction welding operation area, and the weld 703 is constrained by the inner and outer metal ceramic tubes; the rotating disk 19 is mounted on the outside of the outer metal ceramic tube 17, and a plurality of vibrating rods 8 are circumferentially provided on the rotating disk 19. The vibrating rods 8 are in contact with the outer metal ceramic tube 17. The rotating disk 19 drives the vibrating rods 8 to dynamically follow the trajectory of the weld 703. The vibrating rods 8 implement an online synchronous joint grain refinement process operation on the weld 703 through vibration.

[0042] Further, see Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the inner cermet tube 16 is axially limited by the shoulder of the core shaft 14; the outer cermet tube 17 is axially limited by the shoulder of the forging side workpiece 702. The inner cermet tube 16 and the outer cermet tube 17 are clearance-matched with the inner and outer sides of the rotating side workpiece 701. The outer surface of the distal end of the inner cermet tube 16 is circumferentially provided with an annular groove I and a guide conical surface I 1601 located inside the annular groove I. An inner exhaust capillary channel 1602 is formed between the annular groove I and the inner surface of the rotating side workpiece 701. The inner surface of the distal end of the outer cermet tube 17 is provided with an annular groove II and a guide conical surface II 1701 located inside the annular groove II. An outer exhaust capillary channel 1702 is formed between the annular groove II and the outer surface of the rotating side workpiece 701. The inner exhaust capillary channel 1602 and the outer exhaust capillary channel 1702 are used to exhaust the annular friction welding operation area to prevent gas inclusion during the welding process.

[0043] Further, see Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the curvature of the impact head 801 of the vibration rod 8 matches the curvature of the outer surface of the outer metal ceramic tube 17. The vibration rod 8 applies vibration impact to the weld 703 during the upsetting process, thereby promoting grain refinement in the thermoplastic region and forming a uniform microstructure.

[0044] Specifically, the inner cermet tube 16 and the upset workpiece 702 are interference-fitted, preferably cold-fitted using liquid nitrogen. The outer cermet tube 17 and the upset workpiece 702 are interference-fitted, preferably heat-fitted after heating. Both inner and outer cermet tubes 16 and 17 are preferably made of zirconia ceramic. The inner cermet tube 16 provides thermal conductivity support, which, combined with the preheating and post-weld slow cooling functions of the heater 15, reduces temperature gradients and inhibits abnormal grain growth.

[0045] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, based on the above embodiment, the present invention provides a flash-free crack inertia friction welding device, which also includes a base 13 and an energy storage unit and a forging unit disposed on the base 13; the energy storage unit includes a motor 1, a transmission shaft 2, a main shaft 3, a clutch 4, a flywheel 5, and a rotating chuck 6 coaxially connected in sequence, the clutch 4 being used to control the connection and disconnection between the main shaft 3 and the flywheel 5; the flywheel 5 stores kinetic energy for energy transfer during the inertia friction welding process; the rotating chuck 6 is used to fix the rotating side workpiece 701. The forging unit includes a movable worktable 9, a fixed chuck 10, a sliding bracket 11, and a hydraulic cylinder 12, wherein the sliding bracket 11 and the hydraulic cylinder 12 are disposed on the base 13, the movable worktable 9 and the sliding bracket 11 are slidably matched, and the rear end of the movable worktable 9 is connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 12, and the front end of the movable worktable 9 is connected to the fixed chuck 10, which is used to fix the top forging side workpiece 702; the movable worktable 9 is driven by the hydraulic cylinder 12 to achieve top forging pressurization.

[0046] Furthermore, a code disk 21 is provided on the flywheel 5 for collecting the real-time rotational speed of the flywheel 5. An encoder corresponding to the code disk is mounted on the base 13. By combining the code disk 21, servo control, and classical control theory, the vibrating rod 8 achieves uniform dotting. The curved surface of the impact head 801 and the outer surface of the outer metal-ceramic tube 17 form a cylindrical surface of constant curvature, which can cope with the inertial velocity fluctuations of the flywheel 5, achieve an adaptive vibration trajectory, and facilitate uniform grain refinement.

[0047] Furthermore, one end of the mandrel 14 is rotatably connected to the flywheel 5 via a bearing 18, and the other end of the mandrel 14 passes through the hollow cavities of the movable workbench 9 and the hydraulic cylinder 12 in sequence before being fixedly connected to the base 13. The bearing 18 is preferably a sliding bearing, and a dynamic pressure oil film is formed between the mandrel 14 and the bearing 18.

[0048] Furthermore, the flash-free, crack-free inertia friction welding device provided by the present invention also includes a drive assembly 20 for driving the rotating disk 19. The drive assembly 20 is mounted on the base 13, and its output end is connected to the rotating disk 19. In this embodiment, the drive assembly 20 is a motor, and the motor's rotation angle is slightly greater than 360° divided by N (N is the number of vibrating rods 8). In this embodiment, N = 3, so the motor's rotation angle is slightly greater than 120°. A motor rotation angle of 126° can be selected to enable the vibrating rods 8 to dynamically follow the weld trajectory, thereby resolving the problem of microstructural unevenness caused by speed fluctuations in inertia friction welding.

[0049] Further, see Figure 7 As shown, the flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device provided by the present invention also includes a tip tool 22, which can penetrate the outer metal ceramic tube 17 to a certain depth (generally 2 to 3 mm) to break the outer metal ceramic tube 17.

[0050] The present invention provides a flash-free crack-type inertial friction welding device. By combining an inner cermet tube 16, an outer cermet tube 17, and an ultrasonic impact head curved surface, this device can achieve near-net-shape formation, eliminating the need for subsequent processing and effectively controlling the deformation accuracy caused by the torsional torque of thin-walled parts. Servo axial pressure and displacement control, combined with the constraints of the inner and outer cermet tubes, prevents instability and deformation of thin-walled parts. Combined with the ultrasonic impact head curved surface combination, this device effectively controls the axial and radial shape of the weld, ensuring the mechanical stability of the pressure rod of the thin-walled part and avoiding the generation of flash. The heater 15 within the core shaft 14 and the inner and outer cermet tubes prevents cooling convection heat dissipation, reduces stray crystals, and effectively improves the strength and fatigue resistance of the weld joint. The present invention utilizes three-way upsetting stress to improve product quality.

[0051] Based on the above design concept, another embodiment of the present invention provides a flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding method using the above device, see Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0052] Step S1: Fix the rotating side workpiece 701 and the upset side workpiece 702 to be welded on the rotating chuck 6 and the fixed chuck 10 respectively, and preheat the workpieces by the heater 15 in the mandrel 14;

[0053] Step S2: starting the motor 1 to drive the flywheel 5 and the rotating workpiece 701 to accelerate to a set speed. After the flywheel 5 stores sufficient kinetic energy, the motor 1 is disconnected from the flywheel 5 through the clutch 4, and the flywheel 5 continues to rotate under the action of inertia;

[0054] Step S3: Driven by the hydraulic cylinder 12, the upset workpiece 702 moves toward the rotating workpiece 701. The upset workpiece 702 and the rotating workpiece 701 come into contact within the annular friction welding operation area between the inner cermet tube 16 and the outer cermet tube 17, generating frictional resistance, which gradually reduces the rotation speed of the flywheel 5. Frictional heat heats the contact surface between the upset workpiece 702 and the rotating workpiece 701 to a high-temperature viscoplastic state. During this stage, the kinetic energy of the flywheel 5 is continuously converted into thermal energy.

[0055] Step S4: When the speed of the flywheel 5 drops to a preset threshold, the hydraulic cylinder 12 applies axial upsetting pressure to the upsetting side workpiece 702, so that the metal material fully flows in a high-temperature viscoplastic state and promotes metallurgical bonding;

[0056] Step S5: The rotating disk 19 drives the vibrating rod 8 to follow the trajectory of the weld 703. At the same time, the vibrating rod 8 reshapes the weld 703 through ultrasonic vibration and makes the grain structure uniform and refined. The upsetting pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 12 needs to be maintained until the flywheel 5 completely stops.

[0057] Step S6: temperature-controlled and slowly cooling the weld 703 of the workpiece, wherein the temperature of the inertia friction weld is lower than the forgeable temperature;

[0058] Step S7: The outer metal ceramic tube 17 is penetrated to a certain depth by the tip tool 22, the outer metal ceramic tube 17 is broken, and the inner metal ceramic tube 16 is pressed and disassembled, thereby obtaining a high-quality flash-free weld 703.

[0059] The present invention provides a flash-free, crack-free inertial friction welding method utilizing the above-described device. This method utilizes inner and outer cermet tubes to constrain the weld seam 703, combined with a vibrating rod 8 to achieve grain refinement, thus avoiding the flash and cracks typically associated with conventional inertial friction welding. The vibrating rod 8 is distributed circumferentially and dynamically follows the weld seam trajectory, addressing the problem of microstructural inhomogeneity caused by speed fluctuations during inertial friction welding. This method eliminates the need for secondary post-weld processing of flash, reduces residual stress and surface defects, and achieves a near-net-shape finish. A heating and insulation design reduces convection cooling and suppresses the formation of stray crystals. Exhaust is achieved through internal and external exhaust capillary channels, preventing gas inclusions and improving the serviceability of the joint. Vibration impact refinement is performed concurrently with the welding process, shortening the process cycle. Servo pressure control reduces material waste and improves production efficiency. A code disc 21 monitors the speed of the flywheel 5 in real time, and, in conjunction with classical control theory, adaptively adjusts the vibration frequency of the vibrating rod 8. Three-way upsetting stress (axial and radial) is superior to that of conventional two-way forging. This method supports high-quality joining of homogeneous and dissimilar high-temperature alloys, meeting the practical requirements of aerospace, marine equipment, and other fields.

[0060] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device for high-performance friction welding between a rotating side workpiece and an upset side workpiece, characterized in that: The flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device includes an inner metal ceramic tube, an outer metal ceramic tube, a vibrating rod, a heater, a rotating disk and a core shaft, wherein the core shaft is used to support the rotating side workpiece and the top forging side workpiece; the heater is located inside the core shaft, and the heater is used to preheat the workpiece before inertia friction welding and to slowly cool and keep warm after inertia friction welding; the inner and outer sides of the top forging side workpiece are interference-fitted with the inner metal ceramic tube and the outer metal ceramic tube respectively, and the ends of the inner metal ceramic tube and the outer metal ceramic tube extend axially to the outside of the top forging side workpiece, and the inner metal ceramic tube and the outer metal ceramic tube form an annular friction welding operation area, and the top forging side workpiece and the rotating side workpiece are friction welded in the annular friction welding operation area; the weld is constrained by the inner and outer metal ceramic tubes; the rotating disk is mounted on the outside of the outer metal ceramic tube, and a plurality of vibrating rods are circumferentially arranged on the rotating disk. The rotating disk drives the vibrating rods to dynamically follow the weld trajectory, and the vibrating rods implement an online synchronous joint grain refinement process operation on the weld through vibration.

2. The flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner metal ceramic tube is axially limited by the shaft shoulder of the core shaft; the outer metal ceramic tube is axially limited by the shaft shoulder of the upset side workpiece.

3. The flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner and outer metal ceramic tubes are clearance-matched with the inner and outer sides of the rotating side workpiece, and the outer surface of the end of the inner metal ceramic tube is provided with an annular groove I and a guide cone surface I located inside the annular groove I, and an inner exhaust capillary channel is formed between the annular groove I and the inner surface of the rotating side workpiece; The inner surface of the end of the outer metal ceramic tube is provided with an annular groove II and a guide cone surface II located on the inner side of the annular groove II. An external exhaust capillary channel is formed between the annular groove II and the outer surface of the rotating side workpiece. The internal exhaust capillary channel and the external exhaust capillary channel are used for exhausting the annular friction welding operation area.

4. The flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curvature of the impact head of the vibration rod matches the curvature of the outer surface of the outer metal ceramic tube.

5. The flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a base and an energy storage unit and a forging unit arranged on the base; The energy storage unit includes a motor, a transmission shaft, a main shaft, a clutch, a flywheel and a rotating chuck that are coaxially connected in sequence. The clutch is used to control the connection and disconnection between the main shaft and the flywheel; the flywheel stores kinetic energy for energy transfer during inertia friction welding; and the rotating chuck is used to fix the rotating side workpiece. The forging unit includes a movable workbench, a fixed chuck, a sliding bracket and a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the sliding bracket and the hydraulic cylinder are arranged on the base, the movable workbench and the sliding bracket are slidably matched, and the rear end of the movable workbench is connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the front end of the movable workbench is connected to the fixed chuck, and the fixed chuck is used to fix the workpiece on the top forging side; the movable workbench is driven by the hydraulic cylinder to realize top forging pressurization.

6. The flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The flywheel is provided with a code disc, which is used to collect the real-time rotation speed of the flywheel.

7. The flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device according to claim 5, characterized in that: One end of the core shaft is rotatably connected to the flywheel, and the other end of the core shaft passes through the hollow cavity of the movable workbench and the hydraulic cylinder in sequence and is fixedly connected to the base.

8. The flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device according to claim 5, characterized in that: It also includes a driving component for driving the rotating disk to rotate. The driving component is arranged on the base, and an output end is connected to the rotating disk.

9. The flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding device according to claim 5, characterized in that: Also included is a tip tool for breaking away from the outer cermet tube.

10. A flash-free crack-type inertia friction welding method using the device according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Fixing the rotating side workpiece and the upset side workpiece to be welded on a rotating chuck and a fixed chuck respectively, and preheating the workpieces by a heater in the mandrel; Step S2: starting the motor to drive the flywheel and drive the rotating workpiece to accelerate to a set speed. After the flywheel stores sufficient kinetic energy, the motor and flywheel are disconnected, and the flywheel continues to rotate under the action of inertia; Step S3: Driven by the hydraulic cylinder, the workpiece on the upset side moves toward the workpiece on the rotating side. The upset side workpiece and the rotating side workpiece come into contact within the annular friction welding operation area between the inner and outer cermet tubes, generating frictional resistance, which gradually decays the flywheel speed. Frictional heat heats the contact surface between the upset side workpiece and the rotating side workpiece to a high-temperature viscoplastic state. During this stage, the kinetic energy of the flywheel is continuously converted into thermal energy. Step S4: When the flywheel speed drops to a preset threshold, the hydraulic cylinder applies axial upsetting pressure to the workpiece on the upsetting side, so that the metal material fully flows in a high-temperature viscoplastic state and promotes metallurgical bonding; Step S5: The rotating disk drives the vibrating rod to follow the weld trajectory. At the same time, the vibrating rod reshapes the weld by vibration and makes the grain structure uniform and refined. The upsetting pressure of the hydraulic cylinder needs to be maintained until the flywheel stops completely. Step S6: temperature-controlled and slowly cooling the weld of the workpiece; Step S7: The outer metal ceramic tube is penetrated to a certain depth by a sharp tool, the outer metal ceramic tube is broken, and the inner metal ceramic tube is pressed and disassembled, thereby obtaining a high-quality flash-free weld.

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