A homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding device and method

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of inertia friction welding of thin-walled high-temperature alloy parts, and specifically relates to a homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding device and method. The device includes a base and an inertia friction welding rotary drive mechanism disposed on the base, a support shaft assembly, a synchronous vibration and shaping coupling mechanism, and an inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism. The inertia friction welding rotary drive mechanism is connected to a flywheel and a rotating chuck in sequence via a clutch. The output end of the inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism is connected to a fixed chuck, and axial feed causes inertia friction welding of the workpiece on the top forging side and the rotating side. One end of the support shaft assembly is connected to the base, and the other end is rotatably connected to the flywheel. The support shaft assembly is used to support and preheat the workpiece. The synchronous vibration and shaping coupling mechanism is disposed outside the weld area and is used to suppress deformation and control grain refinement in the weld area. The present invention achieves uniform grain refinement of the joint, high forming accuracy, near-net-shape forming, and high production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of inertia friction welding of high-temperature alloy thin-walled parts, and in particular relates to a homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding device and method. Background Art

[0002] Nickel-based high-temperature alloys, with their excellent creep resistance, high-temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance, have become the core material for high-temperature hot-end components such as rotors in the new generation of aircraft engines. As an advanced solid-phase welding process, inertia friction welding can effectively avoid welding defects such as porosity and inclusions that are common in traditional fusion welding. It can replace the original bolted connection structure, reducing manufacturing costs while reducing the weight of aircraft engines and significantly improving the thrust-to-weight ratio. However, the complex and harsh service environment places extremely high demands on the service performance of welded joints. Therefore, improving the service performance and reliability of high-temperature alloy inertia friction welded joints is of great significance to improving the overall performance of aircraft engine hot-end components.

[0003] While traditional inertia friction welding processes are highly effective, they still suffer from the following drawbacks: 1. Microstructural inhomogeneity: Uneven plastic deformation in the weld region leads to significant variations in grain size; 2. High risk of thermal cracking: Concentrated residual stress in welding can easily induce axial or radial cracks; 3. Uncontrolled deformation of thin-walled components: Instability of the compression rod can cause weld profile distortion; 4. Difficulty in flash treatment: Subsequent machining introduces residual stresses that degrade service performance. Existing technologies typically employ offline post-weld heat treatment or ultrasonic-assisted grain refinement, but these processes are inefficient and complex, making them difficult to meet the high-performance and high-precision welding requirements of thin-walled high-temperature alloy components.

[0004] It can be seen that in order to solve the bottleneck problems in the above-mentioned prior art, it is urgent to develop a simple and efficient inertia friction welding device and method to improve the service performance and reliability of the joint. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In response to the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding device and method to solve the technical difficulties of traditional inertia friction welding joints such as uneven grain structure, high risk of thermal cracking, uncontrolled deformation of thin-walled parts, and difficulty in flash processing, thereby meeting the high-precision welding requirements of high-temperature alloy thin-walled parts.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] On one hand, the present invention provides a homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding device, comprising a base and an inertia friction welding rotary drive mechanism, a support shaft assembly, a synchronous vibration and shaping coupling mechanism, and an inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism, wherein the output end of the inertia friction welding rotary drive mechanism is connected to a flywheel and a rotary chuck in sequence through a clutch, the rotary chuck is used to fix the rotating side workpiece, and the flywheel is used to store the kinetic energy of the inertia friction welding rotary drive mechanism; the output end of the inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism is connected to a fixed chuck, which is used to fix the upset side workpiece; the inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism is used to axially feed the upset side workpiece, so that the upset side workpiece and the rotating side workpiece are inertia friction welded;

[0008] One end of the support shaft assembly is fixed to the base, and the other end passes through the inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism and is rotatably connected to the flywheel. The support shaft assembly is used to support and preheat the workpiece;

[0009] The synchronous vibration and shaping coupling mechanism is arranged outside the weld area between the upsetting side workpiece and the rotating side workpiece, and is used for suppressing deformation and controlling grain refinement of the weld area.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the synchronous vibration and shaping coupling mechanism includes a rotating disk, a shaping roller, a vibrating rod and a drive assembly, wherein the drive assembly is fixedly connected to the base, the output end of the drive assembly is connected to the rotating disk, and the drive assembly provides power for the rotation of the rotating disk; the shaping roller and the vibrating rod are alternately arranged on the inner side of the rotating disk, the vibrating rod contacts the weld area through the curved impact head, and the vibration energy generated by the vibrating rod is transmitted to the weld area through the curved impact head, thereby promoting grain refinement in the weld area; the shaping roller extrude the weld along a preset trajectory and dynamically adjusts the weld profile.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the shaping roller includes a thin cylinder located in the middle and thick cylinders I and II located at both ends of the thin cylinder and with arc transitions, wherein the thin cylinder contacts the weld area, and the thick cylinders I and II abut against the rotating side workpiece and the top forging side workpiece, respectively, to form a simply supported beam structure.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the curvature radius of the curved impact head of the vibrating rod is equal to the outer curvature radius of the weld area; the curvature radius of the curved impact head of the vibrating rod is smaller than the outer circle curvature of the rotating side workpiece and the upsetting side workpiece.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the support shaft assembly includes a support shaft and a metal ceramic tube arranged on the outside of the support shaft, wherein the support shaft is a hollow structure, and the other end of the support shaft is connected to the flywheel through an auxiliary bearing, and a heater for preheating the weld area is provided in the hollow cavity of the support shaft; the metal ceramic tube provides support and heat conduction for the weld area.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the metal ceramic tube is made of zirconia ceramics; the metal ceramic tube is preheated before inertia friction welding of the workpiece, and is slowly cooled and kept warm after inertia friction welding.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the inertia friction welding rotation drive mechanism includes a motor, a transmission shaft, and a main shaft connected in sequence, and the main shaft is connected to the clutch.

[0016] In one possible implementation, a code disk is provided on the flywheel, which monitors the rotational speed of the flywheel in real time and transmits the rotational speed information to a closed-loop control system. The closed-loop control system dynamically adjusts the frequency of the vibrating rod and the pressure of the shaping roller according to the rotational speed information of the flywheel to ensure the stability of the welding process.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism includes a movable workbench, a sliding support seat and a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the sliding support seat is fixedly connected to the base, the movable workbench and the sliding support seat are slidably matched, and the rear end of the movable workbench is connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the front end of the movable workbench is connected to the fixed chuck; the movable workbench and the hydraulic cylinder are both hollow structures that facilitate the passage of the support shaft assembly.

[0018] Another aspect of the present invention provides a method for homogenizing grain-type inertia friction welding using the above-mentioned device, comprising the following steps:

[0019] Step S1: Fixing the rotating side workpiece and the upset side workpiece on a rotating chuck and a fixed chuck respectively, and preheating the rotating side workpiece and the upset side workpiece before welding through a support shaft assembly;

[0020] Step S2: starting the inertia friction welding rotation drive mechanism, driving the flywheel to accelerate the rotating side workpiece to a preset speed, and after the flywheel stores kinetic energy, the inertia friction welding rotation drive mechanism is disconnected from the flywheel, and the flywheel drives the rotating side workpiece to continue rotating under the action of inertia;

[0021] Step S3: The inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism drives the upsetting workpiece to axially feed. The upsetting workpiece and the rotating workpiece come into frictional contact, generating frictional resistance that gradually decays the flywheel speed. The frictional heat causes the contact surface between the upsetting workpiece and the rotating workpiece to heat up to a plastic state.

[0022] Step S4: When the flywheel speed drops to a preset threshold, the inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism applies axial upsetting pressure to the workpiece on the upsetting side, allowing the plastic metal material to fully flow at high temperature and promote metallurgical bonding, thereby forming a weld area;

[0023] Step S5: The vibrating rod and shaping roller follow the weld seam synchronously during the upsetting stage, achieving grain refinement and shape control through vibration impact and deformation suppression. The upsetting pressure must be maintained until the flywheel completely stops.

[0024] Step S6: temperature-controlled and slowly cooling the weld of the workpiece.

[0025] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding device, which realizes multi-objective collaborative optimization of energy transfer, temperature control, deformation suppression, and grain refinement in the inertia friction welding process through deep integration of mechanical structure and control system, enhances dynamic adaptability, and improves process controllability. Through the integrated design of vibration-shaping-thermal control, it solves the core problems of uneven grain structure, crack sensitivity, and uncontrolled deformation in the inertia friction welding of high-temperature alloy thin-walled parts, significantly improves the joint performance while ensuring efficient welding, and provides an innovative solution for the connection of high-performance materials in the fields of aviation, nuclear power, etc.

[0026] The present invention provides a homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding method. A vibrating rod simultaneously applies high-frequency vibration during the upset forging stage to reduce welding stress concentration and minimize thermal crack susceptibility. A shaping roller optimizes weld formation, avoids tip stress concentration, and reduces crack risk. Through the synergistic action of the vibrating rod and shaping roller, vibration impact is applied to the weld during the upset forging process, promoting grain refinement in the thermoplastic region and forming a uniform microstructure. The metal ceramic tube provides thermal conduction support, which, combined with the heater's preheating and post-weld slow cooling functions, reduces temperature gradients and inhibits abnormal grain growth.

[0027] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures particularly pointed out in the written description and the accompanying drawings.

[0028] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0030] Figure 1This is an axonometric diagram of a homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding device according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding device according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of the middle part;

[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A partial enlarged view of point B in the middle;

[0034] Figure 5 It is a schematic elevational cross-sectional view of a homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding device according to the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A partial enlarged view of point C in the middle.

[0036] Figure: 1. Motor; 2. Drive shaft; 3. Spindle; 4. Clutch; 5. Flywheel; 6. Rotating chuck; 7. Workpiece; 701. Rotating workpiece; 702. Upsetting workpiece; 703. Welding area; 8. Vibrating rod; 801. Curved impact head; 9. Moving worktable; 10. Fixed chuck; 11. Sliding support; 12. Hydraulic cylinder; 13. Base; 14. Support shaft; 15. Heater; 16. Cermet tube; 17. Auxiliary bearing; 18. Shaping roller; 1801. Coarse cylinder I; 1802. Coarse cylinder II; 1803. Thin cylinder; 19. Rotating disk; 20. Drive assembly; 21. Code disk. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0038] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0039] See also Figures 1 to 6As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding device for welding a rotating side workpiece 701 and an upset side workpiece 702 of a workpiece 7; the device includes a base 13 and an inertia friction welding rotary drive mechanism, a support shaft assembly, a synchronous vibration and shaping coupling mechanism, and an inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism disposed on the base 13, wherein the output end of the inertia friction welding rotary drive mechanism is connected to a flywheel 5 and a rotary chuck 6 in sequence through a clutch 4, the rotary chuck 6 is used to fix the rotating side workpiece 701, the inertia friction welding rotary drive mechanism is used to drive the flywheel 5, the rotary chuck 6, and the rotating side workpiece 701 to rotate synchronously, and the flywheel 5 is used to store kinetic energy of the inertia friction welding rotary drive mechanism; The output end of the inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism is connected to the fixed chuck 10, which is used to fix the top forging side workpiece 702; the inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism is used for axial feeding of the top forging side workpiece 702, so that the top forging side workpiece 702 and the rotating side workpiece 701 are inertia friction welded; one end of the support shaft assembly is fixed to the base 13, and the other end passes through the inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism and is rotatably connected to the flywheel 5. The support shaft assembly is used for supporting and preheating the workpiece; the synchronous vibration and shaping coupling mechanism is arranged outside the weld area 703 between the top forging side workpiece 702 and the rotating side workpiece 701. The synchronous vibration and shaping coupling mechanism is used to suppress deformation and control grain refinement of the weld area 703.

[0040] See also Figure 2 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the inertia friction welding rotation drive mechanism includes a motor 1, a transmission shaft 2, and a main shaft 3 connected in sequence, and the main shaft 3 is connected to a clutch 4. A code disk 21 is provided on the flywheel 5. The code disk 21 monitors the speed of the flywheel 5 in real time and transmits the speed information to a closed-loop control system. The closed-loop control system dynamically adjusts the frequency of the vibrating rod 8 and the pressure of the shaping roller 18 based on the speed information of the flywheel 5. The vibrating rod 8 and the shaping roller 18 can implement an online synchronous grain refinement process on the weld area 703 to ensure the stability of the welding process.

[0041] See also Figure 2 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism includes a movable table 9, a sliding support seat 11, and a hydraulic cylinder 12. The sliding support seat 11 is fixedly connected to the base 13, and the movable table 9 slides in engagement with the sliding support seat 11. The rear end of the movable table 9 is connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 12, and the front end of the movable table 9 is connected to the fixed chuck 10. Both the movable table 9 and the hydraulic cylinder 12 are hollow structures that facilitate the passage of the support shaft assembly. Through the closed-loop control of the axial pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 12, combined with dynamic compensation for vibration and impact, the instability of the compression rod of the thin-walled workpiece is suppressed.

[0042] See also Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the support shaft assembly includes a support shaft 14 and a metal ceramic tube 16 disposed on the outside of the support shaft 14. The support shaft 14 passes through the hollow cavity of the movable worktable 9 and the hydraulic cylinder 12. One end of the support shaft 14 is fixedly connected to the base 13, and the other end is connected to the flywheel 5 via an auxiliary bearing 17. The support shaft 14 is a hollow structure. A heater 15 for preheating the weld area 703 is disposed within the hollow cavity of the support shaft 14. The metal ceramic tube 16 on the outside of the support shaft 14 provides support and heat conduction for the weld area 703.

[0043] Preferably, the metal ceramic tube 16 is made of zirconia ceramics. The metal ceramic tube 16 is preheated before inertia friction welding of the workpiece and is slowly cooled and kept warm after inertia friction welding.

[0044] Furthermore, the auxiliary bearing 17 is preferably a sliding bearing, and a dynamic pressure oil film is formed between the sliding bearing and the support shaft 14 .

[0045] See also Figures 3 to 6 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the synchronous vibration and shaping coupling mechanism includes a rotating disk 19, a shaping roller 18, a vibrating rod 8 and a driving assembly 20, wherein the driving assembly 20 is fixedly connected to the base 13, and the output end of the driving assembly 20 is connected to the rotating disk 19, and the driving assembly 20 provides power for the rotation of the rotating disk 19; the shaping roller 18 and the vibrating rod 8 are alternately arranged on the inner side of the rotating disk 19, and the vibrating rod 8 contacts the weld area 703 through the curved impact head 801, and the vibration energy generated by the vibrating rod 8 is transmitted to the weld area 703 through the curved impact head 801, thereby promoting grain refinement of the weld area 703; the shaping roller 18 extrude the weld along a preset trajectory and dynamically adjusts the weld profile.

[0046] See also Figure 4 As shown, in an embodiment of the present invention, the shaping roller 18 has a cylindrical dumbbell configuration. The shaping roller 18 includes a thin cylinder 1803 located in the middle, and thick cylinders I 1801 and II 1802 located at either end of the thin cylinder 1803, each with an arc transition. The thin cylinder 1803 contacts the weld area 703, while the thick cylinders I 1801 and II 1802 are located on either side of the weld area 703. The thick cylinders I 1801 and II 1802 abut against the rotating workpiece 701 and the upset workpiece 702, respectively, forming a simply supported beam structure that limits elastic deformation of the workpieces during welding. The contours of the arc-shaped transitions between the ends of the thin cylinder 1803 and the thick cylinders I 1801 and II 1802 determine the shape of the weld area 703.

[0047] Furthermore, the curvature radius of the curved impact head 801 of the vibrating rod 8 is equal to the curvature radius of the outer side of the weld area 703, see Figure 6As shown; the curvature radius of the curved impact head 801 of the vibrating rod 8 is smaller than the outer circle curvature of the rotating side workpiece 701 and the upsetting side workpiece 702.

[0048] Specifically, the number of shaping rollers 18 and vibrating rods 8 is N, and the N shaping rollers 18 and N vibrating rods 8 are alternately and evenly arranged along the circumferential direction. The driving component 20 is a motor, and the motor drives the rotating disk 19 to rotate at an angle slightly greater than 360° divided by N. In this embodiment, N=3, so the rotation angle of the rotating disk 19 is slightly greater than 120°, that is, the rotation angle of the rotating disk 19 is set to 126°. The driving component 20 realizes multi-degree-of-freedom vibration regulation by adjusting the rotation angle of the rotating disk 19, adapts to different weld curvatures, and ensures uniform distribution of vibration energy. The code disk 21 is connected to the flywheel 5, and the encoder corresponding to the code disk 21 is connected to the base 13. The code disk 21 is used to feed back the speed of the flywheel 5 in real time, and the striking frequency of the vibrating rod 8 is dynamically corrected in combination with the classical control algorithm to cope with the speed fluctuation of the inertial flywheel 5 and obtain an adaptive vibration trajectory. Vibrating rod 8 follows the flywheel 5's deceleration and synchronously cuts into the weld, reducing thermal stress through high-frequency vibration. Shaping roller 18 compresses the weld along a preset trajectory, combining vibration energy to achieve near-net-shape formation. Heater 15 preheats the workpiece before welding, while cermet tube 16 provides insulation and slows the weld's cooling rate. During the post-weld slow cooling phase, cermet tube 16 maintains heat retention to reduce residual stress. Hydraulic cylinder 12 provides axial forging pressure, and the servo system adjusts pressure and vibration parameters based on feedback from encoder 21 to prevent instability in thin-walled parts.

[0049] The present invention provides a homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding device, which adopts a method combining a code disk, follow-up control and classical control theory to ensure uniform impact of the vibrating rod. The contact surface between the thermoplastic area and the vibrating rod impact head gradually changes from a straight line to a cylindrical surface, which facilitates the uniformity of grain refinement and can compensate for the defect of uneven grain refinement caused by the uncertainty of the inertia flywheel speed during the welding process.

[0050] The present invention's combination of support shaft 14, shaping roller 18, and ultrasonic impact head curved surface achieves near-net-shape formation, eliminating the need for subsequent machining and effectively controlling the deformation precision of thin-walled parts caused by torsional torque. The combination of servo axial pressure and displacement control with support shaft 14, shaping roller 18, and ultrasonic impact head curved surface effectively addresses the issue of thin-walled parts being unsuitable for inertia welding due to mechanical pressure bar instability. It also effectively addresses the issue of residual stress deformation and surface fatigue cracking caused by machining internal and external flash after inertia welding, which impacts shape precision, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance. This effectively controls the shape of both axial and radial welds.

[0051] Based on the above embodiment, another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding. The method utilizes a homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding device in the above embodiment to achieve the purpose of online synchronous crystallization refinement of the weld, suppression of thermal cracks, and control of deformation of thin-walled parts.

[0052] The method comprises the following steps:

[0053] Step S1: Fix the rotating workpiece 701 and the upset workpiece 702 on the rotating chuck 6 and the fixed chuck 10 respectively, and preheat the rotating workpiece 701 and the upset workpiece 702 before welding via the support shaft assembly;

[0054] Step S2: Starting the motor 1 of the inertia friction welding rotation drive mechanism, driving the flywheel 5 to accelerate the rotating workpiece 701 to a preset speed. After the flywheel 5 stores sufficient kinetic energy, the inertia friction welding rotation drive mechanism is disconnected from the flywheel 5, and the flywheel 5 drives the rotating workpiece 701 to continue rotating under the action of inertia;

[0055] Step S3: The hydraulic cylinder 12 of the inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism drives the upsetting workpiece 702 to advance axially. The upsetting workpiece 702 and the rotating workpiece 701 come into frictional contact, generating frictional resistance that gradually decays the speed of the flywheel 5. Frictional heat heats the contact surface between the upsetting workpiece 702 and the rotating workpiece 701 to a plastic state. During this stage, the kinetic energy of the flywheel 5 is continuously converted into thermal energy.

[0056] Step S4: When the speed of the flywheel 5 drops to a preset threshold (or close to zero), the hydraulic cylinder 12 applies axial upsetting pressure to the upsetting workpiece 702, allowing the plastic metal material to fully flow at high temperature and promote metallurgical bonding, thereby forming the weld area 703;

[0057] Step S5: The vibrating rod 8 and the shaping roller 18 synchronously follow the weld during the upsetting stage, achieving grain refinement and shape control through vibration impact and deformation suppression. The upsetting pressure must be maintained until the flywheel 5 completely stops;

[0058] Step S6: Temperature-controlled and slowly cooling the weld of the workpiece, wherein the temperature of the inertia friction weld is lower than the forgeable temperature.

[0059] The present invention provides a method for homogenizing grain-type inertia friction welding. Through the coordinated control of a vibrating rod 8 and a shaping roller 18, this method prevents flash formation and, consequently, the introduction of residual stresses during subsequent machining. The thermal insulation properties of the metal-ceramic tube 16 slow the weld cooling rate, promoting microstructure homogenization and reducing residual stress levels. This method achieves uniform crystal refinement, high forming precision, and near-net-shape production efficiency.

[0060] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, if such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. A homogenized grain-type inertia friction welding device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base and an inertia friction welding rotary drive mechanism, a support shaft assembly, a synchronous vibration and shaping coupling mechanism, and an inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism arranged on the base. The output end of the inertia friction welding rotary drive mechanism is connected to a flywheel and a rotary chuck in sequence through a clutch. The rotary chuck is used to fix the rotating side workpiece, and the flywheel is used to store the kinetic energy of the inertia friction welding rotary drive mechanism. The output end of the inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism is connected to a fixed chuck, which is used to fix the upset side workpiece. The inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism is used for axial feeding of the upset side workpiece, so that the upset side workpiece and the rotating side workpiece are inertia friction welded. One end of the support shaft assembly is fixed to the base, and the other end passes through the inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism and is rotatably connected to the flywheel. The support shaft assembly is used to support and preheat the workpiece; The synchronous vibration and shaping coupling mechanism is arranged outside the weld area between the workpiece on the upsetting side and the workpiece on the rotating side. The synchronous vibration and shaping coupling mechanism is used to suppress deformation and control grain refinement in the weld area. The synchronous vibration and shaping coupling mechanism includes a rotating disk, a shaping roller, a vibrating rod and a driving assembly, wherein the driving assembly is fixedly connected to the base, and the output end of the driving assembly is connected to the rotating disk, and the driving assembly provides power for the rotation of the rotating disk; the shaping roller and the vibrating rod are alternately arranged on the inner side of the rotating disk, and the vibrating rod contacts the weld area through a curved impact head. The vibration energy generated by the vibrating rod is transmitted to the weld area through the curved impact head, thereby promoting grain refinement in the weld area; the shaping roller extrude the weld along a preset trajectory and dynamically adjusts the weld profile.

2. The homogenized grain type inertia friction welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shaping roller includes a thin cylinder located in the middle and thick cylinders I and II located at both ends of the thin cylinder and with arc transitions, wherein the thin cylinder contacts the weld area, and the thick cylinders I and II abut against the rotating side workpiece and the top forging side workpiece respectively to form a simply supported beam structure.

3. The homogenized grain type inertia friction welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curvature radius of the curved impact head of the vibrating rod is equal to the curvature radius of the outer side of the weld area; the curvature radius of the curved impact head of the vibrating rod is smaller than the outer circle curvature of the rotating side workpiece and the upsetting side workpiece.

4. The homogenized grain type inertia friction welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support shaft assembly includes a support shaft and a metal ceramic tube arranged on the outside of the support shaft, wherein the support shaft is a hollow structure, and the other end of the support shaft is connected to the flywheel through an auxiliary bearing, and a heater for preheating the weld area is provided in the hollow cavity of the support shaft; the metal ceramic tube provides support and heat conduction for the weld area.

5. The homogenized grain type inertia friction welding device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The metal ceramic tube is made of zirconium oxide ceramics; the metal ceramic tube is preheated before inertia friction welding of the workpiece, and is slowly cooled and kept warm after inertia friction welding.

6. The homogenized grain type inertia friction welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inertia friction welding rotation drive mechanism includes a motor, a transmission shaft and a main shaft which are connected in sequence, and the main shaft is connected to the clutch.

7. The homogenized grain type inertia friction welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flywheel is provided with a code disk, which monitors the rotation speed of the flywheel in real time and transmits the rotation speed information to the closed-loop control system. The closed-loop control system dynamically adjusts the rotation speed of the rotating disk, the vibration frequency of the vibrating rod and the pressure of the shaping roller according to the rotation speed information of the flywheel to ensure the stability of the welding process.

8. The homogenized grain inertia friction welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism includes a movable workbench, a sliding support seat and a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the sliding support seat is fixedly connected to the base, the movable workbench and the sliding support seat are slidably matched, and the rear end of the movable workbench is connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder, and the front end of the movable workbench is connected to the fixed chuck; the movable workbench and the hydraulic cylinder are both hollow structures that facilitate the passage of the support shaft assembly.

9. A method for homogenizing grain-type inertia friction welding using the device according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: Fixing the rotating side workpiece and the upset side workpiece on a rotating chuck and a fixed chuck respectively, and preheating the rotating side workpiece and the upset side workpiece before welding through a support shaft assembly; Step S2: starting the inertia friction welding rotation drive mechanism, driving the flywheel to accelerate the rotating side workpiece to a preset speed, and after the flywheel stores kinetic energy, the inertia friction welding rotation drive mechanism is disconnected from the flywheel, and the flywheel drives the rotating side workpiece to continue rotating under the action of inertia; Step S3: The inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism drives the upsetting workpiece to axially feed. The upsetting workpiece and the rotating workpiece come into frictional contact, generating frictional resistance that gradually decays the flywheel speed. The frictional heat causes the contact surface between the upsetting workpiece and the rotating workpiece to heat up to a plastic state. Step S4: When the flywheel speed drops to a preset threshold, the inertia friction welding axial feed mechanism applies axial upsetting pressure to the workpiece on the upsetting side, allowing the plastic metal material to fully flow at high temperature and promote metallurgical bonding, thereby forming a weld area; Step S5: The vibrating rod and shaping roller follow the weld seam synchronously during the upsetting stage, achieving grain refinement and shape control through vibration impact and deformation suppression. The upsetting pressure must be maintained until the flywheel completely stops. Step S6: temperature-controlled and slowly cooling the weld of the workpiece.

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