Method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from complex gold ore tailings and carbon fines

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of complex gold ore gold extraction tailings broken carbon high-efficiency recovery gold silver copper method, comprising: grinding classification separates out-100 mesh 65%~85% fine material;Fine material is treated by strengthening stirring hydrophobic after being sent to flotation system and is separated by flotation, and gold silver copper loaded activated carbon and tailings are obtained;Gold silver copper loaded activated carbon is sent to new type ash roasting furnace and is roasted ash, and high-grade gold silver copper ash is obtained;High-grade gold silver copper ash is reduced smelting, and gold silver copper containing alloy gold and smelting slag are obtained;Alloy gold is selectively leached and replaced, and gold mud, sponge silver, sponge copper and waste liquid are obtained.The present application ingeniously combines flotation, ash roasting, reduction smelting and selective leaching, and is equipped with suitable process parameters, realizes the high-efficiency recovery of gold silver copper and other valuable metals in high-copper, high-iron, high-calcium and other complex broken carbon, avoids the problem of low gold silver recovery rate and environmental pollution caused by copper, iron, calcium and other base metals interference in traditional process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of metal recovery technology in gold-carrying crushed carbon from gold-pulp gold extraction tailings, specifically involving a method for efficiently recovering gold, silver, and copper from crushed carbon in complex gold ore gold extraction tailings. Background Technology

[0002] In the gold industry, activated carbon is a key material widely used in the enrichment and recovery of gold and silver precious metals, especially in carbon leaching and heap leaching processes. Activated carbon works by adsorbing gold-cyanide complexes (Au(CN)₂) in the solution. - This process enables the efficient recovery of gold and silver precious metals. However, during use, activated carbon generates a large amount of carbon powder and fine carbon particles due to wear and breakage. These carbon fragments are characterized by small particle size, large specific surface area, and strong adsorption capacity, and contain a relatively high grade of gold and silver. However, due to the presence of a large amount of mineral-based impurities, the actual gold and silver content is relatively low.

[0003] There are approximately seventy carbon-in-pulp (CIP) plants nationwide. Large CIP plants can produce hundreds of tons of charcoal annually, including fine charcoal recovered from leaching tailings through safety screening and carbon sludge from carbon washing, with a particle size of 32 mesh or larger and a gold content of 10–200 g / t; and coarser charcoal obtained after desorbed carbon screening, with a particle size of less than 18 mesh and a gold content of over 500 g / t. Due to their high impurity content, this charcoal is unsuitable for return to the original process. Traditional treatment methods such as ashing and roasting or forced-air combustion have difficulties in controlling combustion temperature and combustion air volume, leading to incomplete combustion of activated carbon and encapsulation by sintered impurities. This makes it difficult to effectively recover gold and silver in downstream hydrometallurgical processes, and gold and silver are also emitted with the flue gas, resulting in resource waste.

[0004] Furthermore, the raw ore from some large gold mines' carbon-in-pulp plants contains high levels of easily leached components such as copper, iron, and sulfur. The recovered carbon fragments from the tailings contain not only a large amount of ore particles but also significant amounts of metals such as copper, iron, and calcium adsorbed within the fine activated carbon. How to efficiently recover gold and silver from these complex carbon fragments and maximize the extraction of valuable metals is one of the key research focuses for researchers. Although some progress has been made in existing research, the complexity of the composition limits the effectiveness of any single recovery method.

[0005] Currently, the technology described in the paper "Experimental Study and Industrial Practice of Gold Recovery from Crushed Coke"—which involves mixing crushed ore with raw ore for cyanide leaching and adsorption—has achieved certain technical indicators. However, the leaching rate of gold and silver precious metals in crushed charcoal from tailings of high-copper and high-iron charcoal slurry plants is less than 40% to 50%, while copper is completely lost, resulting in resource waste and impacting the technical and economic indicators of enterprises.

[0006] Based on the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from the tailings and charcoal of complex gold ore extraction, so as to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, realize the efficient utilization of resources, and improve the economic and social benefits of enterprises. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a method for efficiently recovering gold, silver, and copper from crushed carbon residue in complex gold ore extraction tailings. It is mainly used to recover gold, silver, and copper from crushed carbon containing large amounts of metals such as copper, iron, and calcium, solving the problems of poor recovery effect and high recovery cost of existing processes.

[0008] The specific technical solution is: a method for efficiently recovering gold, silver, and copper from crushed coal in the tailings of complex gold ore extraction, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Grinding and classification: The material to be processed is conveyed to the ball mill-classification closed-loop system for grinding and classification to obtain fine particles with -100 mesh accounting for 65% to 85% and a concentration of 20% to 25%.

[0010] (2) Flotation separation: The fine particles obtained in step (1) are transported to a reagent mixing tank, and a combination of collector emulsified kerosene or light diesel oil and anion / cation metal mineral collector and frother are added to enhance the stirring and hydrophobic treatment; then the material is transported to the flotation system for flotation separation to obtain gold, silver and copper loaded activated carbon and tailings.

[0011] Based on the characteristics of activated carbon and the chemical properties of the adsorbed elements, this step preferably uses a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel oil as a collector and anionic or cationic metal mineral collectors. By utilizing the synergistic effect to enhance hydrophobicity, it can efficiently separate the metals from impurities, ensuring that valuable metals are extracted and utilized to the maximum extent.

[0012] In addition, grinding, classification and flotation can remove a large amount of waste rock and obtain high-quality gold, silver and copper-loaded activated carbon with stable properties. This can significantly reduce the amount of subsequent processing and shorten the roasting time, which is conducive to improving the stability of process control and reducing production costs.

[0013] (3) Ashing and roasting of gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon: The gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon obtained in step (2) is transported to a new type of ashing and roasting furnace for roasting. Air or oxygen is introduced during the roasting process, and the roasting temperature is controlled at 620-800℃ to obtain high-grade gold, silver and copper ash.

[0014] The new type of ashing and roasting furnace used in this step can precisely control the roasting conditions, ensuring that valuable metals such as gold, silver and copper in the activated carbon can be fully released, while avoiding metal loss caused by over-combustion. It effectively avoids the phenomenon of activated carbon being under-burned or covered by sintering impurities in the traditional ashing and roasting process, and has high roasting and ashing efficiency.

[0015] (4) Roasting ash reduction smelting: The high-grade gold, silver and copper ash obtained in step (3) is transported to the reduction smelting furnace, and smelting is carried out once or twice with slag-forming agents quartz, sodium carbonate and borax (or it can be smelted in combination with the original electrolytic product) to obtain gold, silver and copper alloy and smelting slag.

[0016] This step ensures efficient reduction of valuable metals by precisely controlling smelting conditions and slagging agent ratios, while reducing the introduction of impurities and improving the grade of the alloy.

[0017] (5) Selective leaching and replacement of alloy gold: After water quenching, the gold-silver-copper alloy gold obtained in step (4) is transported to the copper-silver leaching tank, nitric acid is added for leaching, and after leaching, it is filtered and washed to obtain gold mud and copper-silver mother liquor; hydrochloric acid is added to the copper-silver mother liquor to precipitate silver, and after filtration and washing, silver chloride precipitate and copper-containing mother liquor are obtained; iron powder is added to the copper-containing mother liquor for replacement, and after filtration, sponge copper and waste liquid are obtained; dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the silver chloride precipitate to adjust the slurry, iron powder is added for replacement, and after filtration, sponge silver and waste liquid are obtained; sponge silver and gold mud are respectively sent to ingot casting.

[0018] This step, through selective leaching and displacement reaction, achieves efficient separation and recovery of gold, silver, and copper, ensuring that valuable metals can be extracted and utilized to the maximum extent.

[0019] Furthermore, in step (1), the grinding concentration is 60%–70%, and the classification concentration is 45%–50%.

[0020] Furthermore, the stirring time during step (2) hydrophobic treatment is 15 to 20 minutes.

[0021] Furthermore, in step (2), flotation includes one roughing, one scavenging, and one cleaning. The flotation time (generally referring to the time for roughing and scavenging) is 8 to 10 minutes. The collectors used in roughing and scavenging are preferably a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel oil and anionic / cationic metal mineral collectors. The amount of collector used in roughing is 400 to 500 g / t, and the amount of frother 30 to 50 g / t is 200 to 400 g / t. The amount of collector used in scavenging is 10 to 20 g / t, and the amount of frother 10 g / t to 20 g / t is 200 to 400 g / t. Sodium hexametaphosphate, an inhibitor, is added in cleaning, and its amount is 100 to 150 g / t.

[0022] Furthermore, the roasting time in step (3) is 24 to 48 hours.

[0023] Furthermore, in step (4), the slag-forming agent is formulated according to the total material weight ratio of quartz 14% to 17%, sodium carbonate 8% to 12%, and borax 4% to 7%, and the silica content of the slag is controlled at 1 to 1.2; the smelting temperature is controlled at 1200 to 1400℃.

[0024] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention ingeniously combines flotation, ashing roasting, reduction smelting, and selective leaching, along with appropriate process parameters, to achieve efficient recovery of valuable metals such as gold, silver, and copper from complex charcoal fragments containing high levels of copper, iron, and calcium. This not only significantly improves the recovery rate of gold, silver, and copper, avoiding the low gold and silver recovery rates and environmental pollution problems caused by interference from base metals such as copper, iron, and calcium in traditional processes, but also reduces production costs and improves resource utilization and enterprise economic benefits through precise control of process parameters. Furthermore, this method is not only applicable to the comprehensive utilization of resources in charcoal fragments from complex gold and silver ore extraction processes, but also to the efficient recovery of low-grade gold and silver precious metals from other charcoal fragments. It has strong adaptability and broad commercial prospects, and is of great significance to promoting the sustainable development of the gold metallurgy field. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for efficiently recovering gold, silver, and copper from crushed carbon in complex gold ore tailings according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the technical problems and solutions solved by the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Example 1

[0027] Sample #1: A type of charred tailings from a complex gold ore extraction process. Its main elemental chemical analysis shows that Au 115.58 g / t, Ag 576.59 g / t, C 38.68%, Cu 3.58%, Fe 8.77%, CaO 6.56%, Al2O3 3.60%, and SiO2 25.35%.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, the method described in this invention was used to recover sample #1. The specific steps are as follows:

[0029] (1) Grinding and classification: The material to be processed is fed to the ball mill-classification closed-loop system for grinding and classification to obtain fine particles with a content of 65% to 85% of -100 mesh and a concentration of 20% to 25%. During this process, the grinding concentration is 60% to 70% and the classification concentration is 45% to 50%.

[0030] (2) Flotation separation: The fine particles obtained in step (1) are transported to a reagent mixing tank, and a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel oil and anionic / cationic metal mineral collectors is added, along with a frother. The mixture is then subjected to enhanced stirring and hydrophobic treatment. After stirring for 20 minutes, the mixture is transported to the flotation system for roughing, scavenging, and cleaning to obtain gold, silver, copper-loaded activated carbon and tailings. In this process, the roughing and scavenging times are 10 minutes. The collectors used in the roughing and scavenging are preferably a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel oil and anionic / cationic metal mineral collectors. The roughing collector dosage is 400 g / t, and the frother dosage is 30 g / t; the scavenging collector dosage is 300 g / t, and the frother dosage is 20 g / t; the cleaning sodium hexametaphosphate dosage is 100 g / t.

[0031] (3) Ashing and roasting of gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon: The gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon obtained in step (2) is transported to a new type of ashing and roasting furnace for roasting. Air or oxygen is introduced during the roasting process, and the roasting temperature is controlled at 620-800℃ for 48 hours to obtain high-grade gold, silver and copper ash.

[0032] (4) Reduction smelting of roasted ash: The high-grade gold, silver and copper ash obtained in step (3) is transported to a reduction smelting furnace, and smelting is carried out twice with the addition of slag-forming agents quartz, sodium carbonate and borax to obtain gold, silver and copper alloy and smelting slag. In this process, the slag-forming agents are formulated according to the total material weight ratio of quartz 15%, sodium carbonate 12% and boron 6%, and the silica content of the slag is controlled at 1 to 1.2; the smelting temperature is controlled at 1200 to 1400℃.

[0033] (5) Selective leaching and displacement of alloyed gold: The gold-silver-copper alloy obtained in step (4) is quenched in water and then transported to a copper-silver leaching tank. Nitric acid is added for leaching, and after filtration and washing, gold mud and copper-silver mother liquor are obtained. Hydrochloric acid is added to the copper-silver mother liquor to precipitate silver, and after filtration and washing, silver chloride precipitate and copper-containing mother liquor are obtained. Iron powder is added to the copper-containing mother liquor for displacement, and after filtration, sponge copper and waste liquid are obtained. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the silver chloride precipitate to adjust the slurry, iron powder is added for displacement, and after filtration, sponge silver and waste liquid are obtained. The sponge silver and gold mud are respectively sent to ingot casting.

[0034] The experimental results obtained were as follows: gold recovery rate was 96.35%, silver recovery rate was 95.59%, and copper recovery rate was 94.99%. Example 2

[0035] Sample #2: A type of charcoal from gold extraction tailings of a complex gold ore. Its main elemental chemical analysis shows: Au 23.45 g / t, Ag 164.66 g / t, C 9.68%, Cu 4.87%, Fe 21.65%, CaO 4.43%, Al₂O₃ 4.62%. 、 SiO2 40.35%.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the method described in this invention was used to recover sample #2. The specific steps are as follows:

[0037] (1) Grinding and classification: The material to be processed is fed to the ball mill-classification closed-loop system for grinding and classification to obtain fine particles with a content of 65% to 85% of -100 mesh and a concentration of 20% to 25%. During this process, the grinding concentration is 60% to 70% and the classification concentration is 45% to 50%.

[0038] (2) Flotation separation: The fine particles obtained in step (1) are transported to a reagent mixing tank, and a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel oil and anionic / cationic metal mineral collectors is added, along with a frother. The mixture is then subjected to enhanced stirring and hydrophobic treatment. After stirring for 15 minutes, the mixture is transported to the flotation system for roughing, scavenging, and cleaning to obtain gold, silver, copper-loaded activated carbon and tailings. In this process, the roughing and scavenging times are 8 minutes. The collectors used in the roughing and scavenging are preferably a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel oil and anionic / cationic metal mineral collectors. The roughing collector dosage is 450 g / t, and the frother dosage is 40 g / t; the scavenging collector dosage is 200 g / t, and the frother dosage is 40 g / t; the cleaning sodium hexametaphosphate dosage is 130 g / t.

[0039] (3) Ashing and roasting of gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon: The gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon obtained in step (2) is transported to a new type of ashing and roasting furnace for roasting. Air or oxygen is introduced during the roasting process, and the roasting temperature is controlled at 620-800℃ for 30 hours to obtain high-grade gold, silver and copper ash.

[0040] (4) Reduction smelting of roasted ash: The high-grade gold, silver and copper ash obtained in step (3) is transported to a reduction smelting furnace, and smelting is carried out twice with the addition of slag-forming agents quartz, sodium carbonate and borax to obtain gold, silver and copper alloy and smelting slag. In this process, the slag-forming agents are proportioned according to the total material weight ratio of quartz 17%, sodium carbonate 10% and borax 5%, and the silica content of the slag is controlled at 1 to 1.2; the smelting temperature is controlled at 1200 to 1400℃.

[0041] (5) Selective leaching and displacement of alloyed gold: The gold-silver-copper alloy obtained in step (4) is quenched in water and then transported to a copper-silver leaching tank. Nitric acid is added for leaching, and after filtration and washing, gold mud and copper-silver mother liquor are obtained. Hydrochloric acid is added to the copper-silver mother liquor to precipitate silver, and after filtration and washing, silver chloride precipitate and copper-containing mother liquor are obtained. Iron powder is added to the copper-containing mother liquor for displacement, and after filtration, sponge copper and waste liquid are obtained. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the silver chloride precipitate to adjust the slurry, iron powder is added for displacement, and after filtration, sponge silver and waste liquid are obtained. The sponge silver and gold mud are respectively sent to ingot casting.

[0042] The experimental results obtained were as follows: gold recovery rate was 97.43%, silver recovery rate was 95.78%, and copper recovery rate was 96.33%. Example 3

[0043] Sample #3: A type of charred tailings from a complex gold ore extraction process. Its main elemental chemical analysis shows that it contains 76.35 g / t of Au, 300.72 g / t of Ag, 29.67% of C, 4.39% of Cu, 17.82% of Fe, 7.75% of CaO, 35.45% of Al2O3, and 26.41% of SiO2.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, the method described in this invention was used to recover sample #3. The specific steps are as follows:

[0045] (1) Grinding and classification: The material to be processed is fed to the ball mill-classification closed-loop system for grinding and classification to obtain fine particles with a content of 65% to 85% of -100 mesh and a concentration of 20% to 25%. During this process, the grinding concentration is 60% to 70% and the classification concentration is 45% to 50%.

[0046] (2) Flotation separation: The fine particles obtained in step (1) are transported to a reagent mixing tank, and a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel oil and anionic / cationic metal mineral collectors, as well as a frother, are added for enhanced stirring and hydrophobic treatment. After stirring for 15 minutes, the material is transported to the flotation system for roughing, scavenging, and cleaning to obtain gold, silver, copper-loaded activated carbon and tailings. In this process, the roughing and scavenging time is 8 minutes. The collectors used in the roughing and scavenging are preferably a combination of emulsified kerosene or light diesel oil and anionic / cationic metal mineral collectors. The roughing collector dosage is 500 g / t, and the frother dosage is 50 g / t; the scavenging collector dosage is 400 g / t, and the frother dosage is 50 g / t; the cleaning sodium hexametaphosphate dosage is 150 g / t.

[0047] (3) Ashing and roasting of gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon: The gold, silver and copper-containing activated carbon obtained in step (2) is transported to a new type of ashing and roasting furnace for roasting. Air or oxygen is introduced during the roasting process, and the roasting temperature is controlled at 620-800℃ for 24 hours to obtain high-grade gold, silver and copper ash.

[0048] (4) Reduction smelting of roasted ash: The high-grade gold, silver and copper ash obtained in step (3) is transported to a reduction smelting furnace, and smelting is carried out twice with the addition of slag-forming agents quartz, sodium carbonate and borax to obtain gold, silver and copper alloy and smelting slag. In this process, the slag-forming agents are formulated according to the total material weight ratio of quartz 14%, sodium carbonate 8% and borax 4%, and the silica content of the slag is controlled at 1 to 1.2; the smelting temperature is controlled at 1200 to 1400℃.

[0049] (5) Selective leaching and displacement of alloyed gold: The gold-silver-copper alloy obtained in step (4) is quenched in water and then transported to a copper-silver leaching tank. Nitric acid is added for leaching, and after filtration and washing, gold mud and copper-silver mother liquor are obtained. Hydrochloric acid is added to the copper-silver mother liquor to precipitate silver, and after filtration and washing, silver chloride precipitate and copper-containing mother liquor are obtained. Iron powder is added to the copper-containing mother liquor for displacement, and after filtration, sponge copper and waste liquid are obtained. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the silver chloride precipitate to adjust the slurry, iron powder is added for displacement, and after filtration, sponge silver and waste liquid are obtained. The sponge silver and gold mud are respectively sent to ingot casting.

[0050] The experimental results obtained were as follows: gold recovery rate was 96.12%, silver recovery rate was 95.06%, and copper recovery rate was 96.35%.

[0051] In summary, the method described in this invention for processing gold extraction tailings and char from this type of complex gold ore can achieve good results with gold recovery rates of over 95%, silver recovery rates of over 95%, and copper recovery rates of over 95%. The overall resource recovery effect is excellent, and the process exhibits good stability, ease of control, environmental friendliness, and reasonable production costs, thus enabling effective resource utilization. This invention provides guidance for the comprehensive utilization of resources in the gold extraction tailings and char from complex gold ore.

[0052] The present invention has been described in detail above through specific and preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for efficient recovery of gold, silver and copper from complex gold ore tailings and carbonaceous waste, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: (1) grinding and grading: the material to be treated is delivered to a ball mill-grading closed circuit system for grinding and grading, obtaining fine material with-100 mesh accounting for 65-85% and concentration of 20-25%; (2) flotation separation: the fine material obtained in step (1) is delivered to a reagent stirring barrel, adding a combination of collector emulsified kerosene and anionic / cationic metal mineral collector and a foaming agent, or adding a combination of collector light diesel oil and anionic / cationic metal mineral collector and a foaming agent, for intensive stirring and hydrophobic treatment; then delivered to a flotation system for flotation separation, obtaining gold-silver-copper loaded activated carbon and tailings; (3) roasting of gold-silver-copper loaded activated carbon: the gold-silver-copper loaded activated carbon obtained in step (2) is delivered to a roasting furnace for roasting, air or oxygen is introduced during the roasting process, and the roasting temperature is controlled at 620-800℃, obtaining high-grade gold-silver-copper ash; (4) reduction smelting of roasting ash: the high-grade gold-silver-copper ash obtained in step (3) is delivered to a reduction smelting furnace, adding slagging agent quartz, sodium carbonate and borax for smelting once or twice, obtaining gold-silver-copper containing alloy gold and smelting slag; (5) selective leaching and displacement of alloy gold: after water quenching of the gold-silver-copper containing alloy gold obtained in step (4), it is delivered to a copper-silver leaching tank, adding nitric acid for leaching, and after leaching, filtering and washing, obtaining gold mud and copper-silver containing mother liquor; the copper-silver containing mother liquor is added with hydrochloric acid for silver precipitation, and after filtering and washing, silver chloride precipitate and copper containing mother liquor are obtained; the copper containing mother liquor is added with iron powder for displacement, and after filtering, sponge copper and waste liquid are obtained; the silver chloride precipitate is added with dilute hydrochloric acid for slurry preparation, and added with iron powder for displacement, and after filtering, sponge silver and waste liquid are obtained; the sponge silver and gold mud are respectively cast into ingots.

2. The method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from complex gold ore tailings and crushed carbon according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding concentration in step (1) is 60-70%, and the grading concentration is 45-50%.

3. The method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from complex gold ore tailings and crushed carbon in claim 1, characterized in that, The stirring time for hydrophobic treatment in step (2) is 15-20 minutes.

4. The method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from complex gold ore tailings and crushed carbon in claim 3, characterized in that, The flotation in step (2) includes once roughing, once scavenging and once cleaning, and the flotation time is 8-10 minutes; the collectors used in roughing and scavenging are a combination of collector emulsified kerosene and anionic / cationic metal mineral collector, or a combination of collector light diesel oil and anionic / cationic metal mineral collector; the roughing collector dosage is 400-500 g / t, and the foaming agent sec-octyl alcohol dosage is 30-50 g / t; the scavenging collector dosage is 200-400 g / t, and the foaming agent sec-octyl alcohol dosage is 10-20 g / t; the cleaning is added with inhibitor sodium hexametaphosphate, and the dosage is 100-150 g / t.

5. The method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from complex gold ore tailings and crushed carbon in tailings according to claim 4, characterized in that, The roasting time is 24-48 hours.

6. The method for efficiently recovering gold, silver and copper from complex gold ore tailings and crushed carbon in tailings according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step (4), the slagging agent is proportioned according to the total material weight as follows: quartz 14-17%, sodium carbonate 8-12%, and borax 4-7%, and the slagging silica is controlled at 1-1.2; the smelting temperature is controlled at 1200-1400℃.

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