Device and method for monitoring fracture slippage of fracture type rockburst tunnel and micro-fracture of rock mass

Abstract

The invention discloses a fracture type rockburst tunnel fracture slippage and rock mass micro-fracture monitoring device and method, and the device comprises a crawling moving carrying unit which is used for moving in a drill hole; the monitoring assembly is carried on the crawling mobile carrying unit; the control and data acquisition module is located outside the drill hole, and the control and data acquisition integrated module is connected with a data transmission unit carried on the crawling mobile carrying unit through an optical fiber so as to realize communication; the monitoring assembly is divided into a drilling camera module, a displacement module and a rock mass micro-fracture monitoring module. According to the device, the dynamic mapping relation between fracture slippage and micro-fracture evolution of the tunnel with the high fracture type rockburst risk can be visually fed back, and the evolution process from fracture slippage to rockburst can be better captured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering monitoring, and in particular to a device and method for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in a fracture-type rockburst tunnel. Background Art

[0002] As tunnel depths gradually increase both domestically and internationally, the frequency of fracture-type rockbursts, caused by fault slip and rock mass rupture and instability, is increasing during construction. These rockbursts often result in more serious consequences than strain-type rockbursts and strain-structural surface slip rockbursts, such as equipment damage, construction delays, and even casualties. These consequences pose numerous challenges to deep tunnel construction.

[0003] Currently, microseismic monitoring equipment is primarily used to monitor fracture-type rockbursts in tunnel projects. Microseismic monitoring can capture rock fracture signals and provide early warning of rockburst severity and location. However, these methods cannot accurately capture the fracture slip process and slip direction, nor can they provide intuitive feedback on the dynamic mapping relationship between fracture slip and rock fracture evolution. Consequently, they have certain limitations and inadequacies.

[0004] Therefore, based on the above technical problems, technicians in this field urgently need to develop an integrated device and method for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in fracture-type rockburst tunnels. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an integrated device and method for monitoring fracture slip and rock microfracture in fracture-type rockburst tunnels. The device and method can more intuitively feedback the dynamic mapping relationship between fracture slip and microfracture evolution in tunnels with high fracture-type rockburst risks, and can better capture the evolution process from fracture slip to rockburst.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a device for monitoring fracture slippage and rock mass micro-fracture in a fracture-type rockburst tunnel, the device comprising:

[0008] A crawling and moving carrying unit, wherein the crawling and moving carrying unit is used to move in the drill hole;

[0009] A monitoring component mounted on the crawling mobile mounting unit; and

[0010] A control and data acquisition module located outside the borehole, wherein the control and data acquisition integrated module is connected to a data transmission unit carried by the crawling mobile carrying unit via an optical fiber to achieve communication;

[0011] The monitoring components are divided into:

[0012] Borehole camera module, displacement module and rock micro-fracture monitoring module;

[0013] The drilling camera module is used to observe the micro-fracture area and the specific location of the fracture in the borehole;

[0014] The displacement module is used to monitor the fracture position;

[0015] The rock mass micro-fracture monitoring module is used to dynamically monitor the process of generating micro-fracture signals of the rock mass in the upper and lower walls of the fault.

[0016] Furthermore, the crawling mobile carrying unit includes:

[0017] A mobile body, wherein the mobile body has running wheels, and the crawling mobile carrying unit moves along the borehole wall to the bottom of the borehole via the running wheels;

[0018] A connecting fastener is provided at the end of the mobile body.

[0019] Furthermore, according to monitoring requirements, the number of the crawling mobile carrying unit is at least one;

[0020] When the number of the crawling mobile carrying unit is one, the front end of the crawling mobile carrying unit is integrated with the drilling camera module, and the rear end of the crawling mobile carrying unit is provided with the connecting fastener;

[0021] When there are multiple crawling mobile carrying units, the front end of the crawling mobile carrying unit located at the front end is integrated with the drilling camera module, and the rear end is provided with the connecting fastener. Except for the front end crawling mobile carrying unit, the front and rear sections of the remaining crawling mobile carrying units are all provided with the connecting fasteners, and the adjacent crawling mobile carrying units are connected by connecting fasteners.

[0022] Furthermore, the displacement module and the rock micro-fracture monitoring module are mounted on top of the mobile body;

[0023] The number of the displacement module is one, and the displacement module is arranged in a middle position above the mobile body;

[0024] There are two rock mass micro-fracture monitoring modules, which are respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the upper part of the mobile body.

[0025] Furthermore, three lifting mechanical platforms are provided on the upper part of the mobile body, namely a first lifting mechanical platform, a second lifting mechanical platform and a third lifting mechanical platform;

[0026] The rock micro-fracture monitoring module is arranged on the first lifting mechanical platform and the third lifting mechanical platform;

[0027] The displacement module is arranged on the second lifting mechanical platform.

[0028] Furthermore, the drilling camera module uses a fiber-optic digital drilling camera;

[0029] The displacement module uses a flexible inclinometer;

[0030] The rock micro-fracture monitoring module uses an acoustic emission sensor.

[0031] Furthermore, the control and data acquisition integration module is connected to the data transmission module via an optical fiber and is used to realize real-time acquisition of fault slip direction, slip amount, and micro-fracture data of rock mass near the fault.

[0032] The present invention also discloses a method for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in a fracture-type rockburst tunnel. The monitoring method is based on the above-mentioned device for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in a rockburst risk tunnel.

[0033] Further, the following steps are included:

[0034] S100, use an advanced geological drill to drill an exploration monitoring hole, requiring the hole to pass through the fracture surface;

[0035] S200, placing the device into the borehole and conducting detection;

[0036] S300, dynamically observing the fracture area of the borehole through borehole photography and determining the fracture location;

[0037] S400: Deploy the device at the fracture location and the nearby fracture area, control the telescopic mechanical platform to place the rock micro-fracture module and displacement module close to the fracture hanging wall, footwall, and fracture area, respectively, and begin monitoring the fracture slip and rock fracture.

[0038] S500, transmitting the monitoring data to the data acquisition module;

[0039] S600: Recover the monitoring device and complete the process of micro-fracture generation in the rock mass near the fault and the fault slip monitoring.

[0040] Furthermore, the step S400 includes:

[0041] S401, after confirming the fracture location and the fracture area near the fracture, the control device continues to advance deeper into the borehole;

[0042] S402, control the first telescopic mechanical platform and the third telescopic mechanical platform to make the rock microfracture monitoring module close to the upper and lower plates of the fracture; control the second telescopic mechanical platform to make the displacement module close to the fracture, and start monitoring the fracture slip and rock fracture.

[0043] In the above technical solution, the present invention provides a device and method for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in a rockburst risk tunnel, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] The device and method of the present invention uses borehole photography to pinpoint the fracture location and fracture zone. Furthermore, through a displacement module and a rock microfracture monitoring module, dynamic, real-time monitoring of the fracture slip and rock microfracture evolution during the initial stages of fracture-type rockburst incubation during tunnel excavation is achieved. Combined with a data transmission module and a control and data acquisition module, real-time collection of rock microfracture and fracture slip data from the crawling mobile carrier unit is achieved. This intuitively reflects the dynamic mapping relationship between fracture slip and microfracture evolution in tunnels with high fracture-type rockburst risk, enabling better capture of the evolutionary process from fracture slip to rockburst. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments described in the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a device for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in a fracture-type rockburst tunnel disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the working state of the fracture-type rockburst tunnel fracture slip and rock micro-fracture monitoring device disclosed in the embodiment of the present application;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the method for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in a fracture-type rockburst tunnel disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

[0049] Description of reference numerals:

[0050] 100, crawling mobile carrying unit; 200, drilling camera module; 300, displacement module; 400, rock micro-fracture monitoring module; 500, data transmission module; 600, control and data acquisition integrated module;

[0051] 101. First telescopic mechanical platform; 102. Second telescopic mechanical platform; 103. Third telescopic mechanical platform; 104. Travel wheels; 105. Connecting fasteners; 106. Optical fiber; 107. Drill hole; 108. Fracture; 109. Rock mass; 110. Surrounding rock; 111. Tunnel face; 112. Excavation direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0053] See also Figures 1 to 3 As shown;

[0054] This embodiment discloses a device for monitoring fracture slip and rock mass micro-fracture in a fracture-type rockburst tunnel, the device comprising:

[0055] A crawling and moving carrying unit 100 is used to move in the borehole 107;

[0056] A monitoring component mounted on the crawling mobile mounting unit 100; and

[0057] The control and data acquisition module 600 is located outside the borehole 107. The control and data acquisition integrated module 600 is connected to the data transmission unit 500 carried by the crawling mobile carrying unit 100 via an optical fiber 106 to achieve communication;

[0058] The monitoring components are divided into:

[0059] Borehole camera module 200, displacement module 300 and rock micro-fracture monitoring module 400;

[0060] The drilling camera module 200 is used to observe the specific location of the micro-fracture area and the fracture 108 in the borehole 106;

[0061] The displacement module 300 is used to monitor the fracture position;

[0062] The rock mass micro-fracture monitoring module 400 is used to dynamically monitor the process of generating micro-fracture signals of the rock mass in the upper and lower walls of the fault 108 .

[0063] Specifically, this embodiment discloses an integrated device for monitoring fracture slip and rock microfracture in a fracture-type rockburst tunnel. The device primarily comprises a crawling mobile carrying unit 100, a borehole camera module 200, a displacement module 300, a rock microfracture monitoring module 400, a data acquisition module 500, and a control and data transmission integrated module 600. First, the borehole camera module 200 observes the microfracture region within the borehole 107 and the specific location of the fracture 108 in real time as the crawling mobile carrying unit 100 moves within the borehole 107. Once these regions are observed, the rock microfracture monitoring module 400 dynamically monitors the generation of rock microfracture signals in the upper and lower walls of the fracture 108. Simultaneously, the displacement module 300 monitors the fracture location. Data collected by each module in this embodiment is transmitted and stored in the data acquisition module 500, which is then connected to the control and data acquisition integrated module 600 outside the borehole 107 via an optical fiber 106, enabling real-time collection of data on the fracture slip direction, slip amount, and rock microfractures near the fracture.

[0064] Preferably, the crawling mobile carrying unit 100 of this embodiment includes:

[0065] The mobile body has running wheels 104. The crawling mobile carrying unit 100 moves along the wall of the borehole 107 to the bottom of the borehole 107 through the running wheels 104. The running wheels 104 of this embodiment can be any wheel set that can meet the movement of the borehole 107, such as suction cup tires, or crawler tires.

[0066] The connecting fastener 105 is provided at the end of the mobile body. The connecting fastener 105 is not specifically limited, and can meet the use requirements as long as it can be used to connect adjacent components.

[0067] According to the monitoring requirements, the number of the crawling mobile carrying unit 100 is at least one;

[0068] When the number of the crawling mobile carrying unit 100 is one, the front end of the crawling mobile carrying unit 100 is integrated with the drilling camera module 200, and the rear end of the crawling mobile carrying unit 100 is provided with a connecting fastener 105;

[0069] When there are multiple crawling mobile carrying units 100, the front end of the crawling mobile carrying unit 100 located at the front end is integrated with a drilling camera module 200, and the rear end is provided with a connecting fastener 105. Except for the front end crawling mobile carrying unit 100, the front and rear sections of the remaining crawling mobile carrying units 100 are all provided with connecting fasteners 105, and adjacent crawling mobile carrying units 100 are connected by connecting fasteners 105.

[0070] Preferably, the displacement module 300 and the rock micro-fracture monitoring module 400 of this embodiment are mounted above the mobile body;

[0071] The number of the displacement module 300 is one, and the displacement module 300 is arranged in the middle position above the mobile body;

[0072] There are two rock micro-fracture monitoring modules 400 , which are respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the upper part of the mobile body.

[0073] In order to carry the above-mentioned displacement module 300 and rock micro-fracture monitoring module 400, three lifting mechanical platforms are provided on the upper part of the mobile body of this embodiment, namely, a first lifting mechanical platform 101, a second lifting mechanical platform 102 and a third lifting mechanical platform 103;

[0074] A rock micro-fracture monitoring module 400 is provided on the first lifting mechanical platform 101 and the third lifting mechanical platform 103;

[0075] The displacement module 300 is disposed on the second lifting mechanical stage 102 .

[0076] As an expanded implementation method, the lifting mechanical platform can be a lifting pan-tilt platform structure commonly seen in the prior art, which is usually provided with lifting rods, which are hinged to form a scissor-type lifting structure.

[0077] Preferably, the drilling camera module 200 of this embodiment uses an optical fiber digital drilling camera; the displacement module 300 uses a flexible inclinometer; and the rock micro-fracture monitoring module 400 uses an acoustic emission sensor.

[0078] Preferably, the control and data acquisition integrated module 600 of this embodiment is connected to the data transmission module 500 via the optical fiber 106 and is used to realize the real-time acquisition of the fault slip direction, slip amount, and micro-fracture data of the rock mass near the fault.

[0079] The present invention also discloses a method for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in a fracture-type rockburst tunnel. The monitoring method is based on the above-mentioned device for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in a rockburst risk tunnel.

[0080] The following steps are involved:

[0081] S100, drilling an exploration monitoring hole using an advanced geological drill, requiring the borehole 107 to pass through the fracture surface;

[0082] S200, placing the device into the borehole 107 and conducting detection;

[0083] S300, dynamically observing the fracture area of the borehole 107 by drilling camera, and determining the position of the fracture 108;

[0084] S400: Deploy the device at the location of fault 108 and the nearby fracture area, control the telescopic mechanical platform to place the rock micro-fracture module 400 and the displacement module 300 close to the upper wall and lower wall of fault 108 and the fracture area of fault 108, and start monitoring the slip of fault 1058 and rock fracture;

[0085] S500, transmitting the monitoring data to the data acquisition module 500;

[0086] S600 , recover the monitoring device and complete the process of generating micro-fractures in the rock mass near the fault 108 and the monitoring of the slippage of the fault 108 .

[0087] Preferably, the above step S400 includes:

[0088] S401, after confirming the position of the fracture 108 and the rupture area near the fracture 108, the control device continues to advance deeper into the borehole 107;

[0089] S402: Control the first telescopic mechanical platform 101 and the third telescopic mechanical platform 103 so that the rock microfracture monitoring module 400 is in close contact with the upper and lower plates of the fracture 108; control the second telescopic mechanical platform 102 so that the displacement module 300 is in close contact with the fracture and start monitoring the slippage of the fracture 108 and the rock fracture.

[0090] In the above technical solution, the device and method for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in fracture-type rockburst tunnels provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0091] The device and method of the present invention uses video recording of borehole 107 to pinpoint the location and fracture zone of fracture 108. Furthermore, through the displacement module 300 and rock microfracture monitoring module 400, dynamic, real-time monitoring of the fracture slip and rock microfracture evolution during the initial stages of fracture-type rockburst initiation during tunnel excavation is achieved. Combined with the data transmission module 500 and the control and data acquisition module 600, real-time data collection is achieved on the crawling mobile carrier unit 100, rock microfracture data, and fracture 108 slip data. This intuitively reflects the dynamic mapping relationship between fracture slip and microfracture evolution in tunnels with a high fracture-type rockburst risk, enabling better capture of the evolutionary process from fracture slip to rockburst.

[0092] The above description is merely illustrative of certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. It goes without saying that those skilled in the art will be able to modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and description are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A monitoring device for fracture-type rockburst tunnel fracture slip and rock mass micro-fracture, characterized in that: The device includes: A crawling and moving carrying unit (100), wherein the crawling and moving carrying unit (100) is used to move in a borehole (107); A monitoring component mounted on the crawling mobile mounting unit (100); and A control and data acquisition module (600) is located outside the borehole (107), wherein the control and data acquisition integrated module (600) is connected to a data transmission unit (500) carried on the crawling mobile carrying unit (100) via an optical fiber (106) to achieve communication; The monitoring components are divided into: A drilling camera module (200), a displacement module (300) and a rock mass micro-fracture monitoring module (400); The drilling camera module (200) is used to observe the specific location of the micro-fracture area and the fracture (108) in the drilling hole (107); The displacement module (300) is used to monitor the fracture position; The rock mass micro-fracture monitoring module (400) is used to dynamically monitor the process of generating micro-fracture signals of the rock mass of the upper wall and lower wall of the fault.

2. The device for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in fracture-type rockburst tunnels according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The crawling mobile carrying unit (100) comprises: A mobile body, the mobile body having running wheels (104), the crawling mobile carrying unit (100) moving along the borehole wall to the bottom of the borehole (107) via the running wheels (104); A connecting fastener (105) is provided at the end of the movable body.

3. The device for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in fracture-type rockburst tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that: According to monitoring requirements, the number of the crawling mobile carrying unit (100) is at least one; When the number of the crawling mobile carrying unit (100) is one, the front end of the crawling mobile carrying unit (100) is integrated with the drilling camera module (200), and the rear end of the crawling mobile carrying unit (100) is provided with the connecting fastener (105); When there are multiple crawling mobile carrying units (100), the front end of the crawling mobile carrying unit (100) located at the front end is integrated with the drilling camera module (200), and the rear end is provided with the connecting fastener (105). Except for the front end crawling mobile carrying unit (100), the front and rear sections of the remaining crawling mobile carrying units (100) are all provided with the connecting fastener (105), and adjacent crawling mobile carrying units (100) are connected via the connecting fastener (105).

4. The device for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in fracture-type rockburst tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that: The displacement module (300) and the rock mass micro-fracture monitoring module (400) are mounted above the mobile body; The number of the displacement module (300) is one, and the displacement module (300) is arranged in a middle position above the mobile body; The number of the rock mass micro-fracture monitoring modules (400) is two, and the two rock mass micro-fracture monitoring modules (400) are respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the upper part of the mobile body.

5. The device for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in fracture-type rockburst tunnels according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Three lifting mechanical platforms are provided on the upper part of the mobile body, namely a first lifting mechanical platform (101), a second lifting mechanical platform (102) and a third lifting mechanical platform (103); The rock mass micro-fracture monitoring module (400) is provided on the first lifting mechanical platform (101) and the third lifting mechanical platform (103); The displacement module (300) is arranged on the second lifting mechanical platform (102).

6. The rockburst risk tunnel fracture slip and rock mass micro-fracture monitoring device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drilling camera module (200) uses an optical fiber digital drilling camera; The displacement module (300) is a flexible inclinometer; The rock mass micro-fracture monitoring module (400) uses an acoustic emission sensor.

7. The device for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in fracture-type rockburst tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control and data acquisition integrated module (600) is connected to the data transmission module (500) via an optical fiber (106) and is used to realize real-time acquisition of the slip direction and slip amount of the fault (108) and micro-fracture data of the rock mass near the fault (108).

8. A method for monitoring fracture slip and rock mass micro-fracture in fracture-type rockburst tunnels, characterized in that: The monitoring method is based on the fracture-type rockburst tunnel fracture slip and rock mass micro-fracture monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The method for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in a fracture-type rockburst tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S100, drilling an exploration monitoring hole using an advanced geological drill, requiring the borehole (107) to pass through the fracture surface; S200, placing the device into the borehole (107) and conducting detection; S300, dynamically observing the borehole fracture area through borehole photography and determining the fracture (108) position; S400, placing the device at the fracture (108) position and the nearby fracture area, controlling the telescopic mechanical platform to place the rock micro-fracture module (400) and the displacement module (300) close to the upper wall, lower wall and fracture (108) area of the fracture (108), and start monitoring the fracture slip and rock fracture; S500, transmitting the monitoring data to the data acquisition module (500); S600: Recover the monitoring device and complete the process of micro-fracture generation in the rock mass near the fault and the fault slip monitoring.

10. The method for monitoring fracture slip and rock micro-fracture in a fracture-type rockburst tunnel according to claim 9, characterized in that: The step S400 includes: S401, after confirming the position of the fracture (108) and the rupture area near the fracture (108), the control device continues to advance into the deep part of the borehole (107); S402, controlling the first telescopic mechanical platform (101) and the third telescopic mechanical platform (103) so that the rock micro-fracture monitoring module (400) is in close contact with the upper plate and the lower plate of the fracture (108); controlling the second telescopic mechanical platform (102) so that the displacement module (300) is in close contact with the fracture (108), and starting to monitor the fracture slip and rock fracture.

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