Image source, head-up display and carrier

Abstract

The invention provides an image source, a head-up display and a carrier, the image source comprises a display module and a prism assembly, and the display module comprises a plurality of pixel units; the prism assembly comprises a plurality of cylindrical prisms; a light beam emitted by the pixel unit and emitted by the cylindrical prism is an image light beam, the image light beam comprises a plurality of emergent light rays, an acute included angle between the projection of the emergent light rays in the first plane and a third direction is a longitude angle, and an acute included angle between the projection of the emergent light rays in the second plane and the third direction is a dimension angle; the emergent light comprises zero-dimension light and non-zero-dimension light, the dimension angle of the zero-dimension light is equal to 0 degree, the dimension angle of the non-zero-dimension light is not equal to 0 degree, and the broadening angle of the image light beam at the position of the zero-dimension light is larger than the broadening angle of the same image light beam at the position of the non-zero-dimension light; wherein the broadening angle is the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the longitude angle of the image light beam under the same dimension angle. According to the embodiment of the invention, the crosstalk of light projected to the eye box is reduced, and the display effect is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of display technology, and in particular to an image source, a head-up display, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] A 3D head-up display (HUD) generates a 3D virtual image in front of a driver of a vehicle and provides the driver with various information by displaying the information in the 3D virtual image.

[0003] However, current head-up displays suffer from light crosstalk degradation, resulting in poor display effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an image source, a head-up display, and a carrier, so as to reduce the crosstalk of light projected onto an eye box and improve the display effect.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an image source, comprising a display module and a prism assembly, wherein the display module comprises a substrate and a plurality of pixel units, and the prism assembly is located on a side of the plurality of pixel units away from the substrate;

[0006] The prism assembly includes a plurality of cylindrical prisms, the plurality of cylindrical prisms are arranged along a first direction and extend along a second direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the direction perpendicular to the plane where the substrate is located is a third direction;

[0007] The light beam emitted by the pixel unit and emitted through the cylindrical prism is an image light beam, and the image light beam includes multiple outgoing light rays, the acute angle between the projection of the outgoing light rays in the first plane and the third direction is the longitude angle, and the acute angle between the projection of the outgoing light rays in the second plane and the third direction is the latitude angle; the first plane is a plane determined by the first direction and the third direction, and the second plane is a plane determined by the second direction and the third direction;

[0008] The outgoing light includes zero-dimensional light and non-zero-dimensional light, the dimensional angle of the zero-dimensional light is equal to 0°, the dimensional angle of the non-zero-dimensional light is not equal to 0°, and the widening angle of the image light beam at the position of the zero-dimensional light is greater than the widening angle of the same image light beam at the position of the non-zero-dimensional light; wherein the widening angle is the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the longitude angle of the image light beam at the same dimensional angle.

[0009] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a head-up display, comprising the image source described in the first aspect.

[0010] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a vehicle, including the head-up display described in the second aspect;

[0011] The carrier further includes an imaging component, which is located on the transmission light path of the image light beam adjusted by the cylindrical prism and is used to reflect the image light beam to the eye box.

[0012] An embodiment of the present invention provides an image source, wherein the widening angle of an image beam at a zero-dimensional light position is greater than the widening angle of the same image beam at a non-zero-dimensional light position. The parallelism of the light of the image beam at a dimension angle φ not being 0° is better than the parallelism of the light of the image beam at a dimension angle φ being 0°. The dimension angle φ of the image beam when the image source emits light vertically is 0°. The dimension angle φ of the image beam when the image source emits light obliquely includes non-zero-dimensional light. When the image source emits light obliquely, at least the non-zero-dimensional light is projected onto the eye box. Thus, the parallelism of the vertical light emitted by the image source is less than the parallelism of the oblique light emitted by the image source, so as to reduce the widening angle of the image beam at a non-zero-dimensional light position, improve the parallelism of the light projected by the image beam into the eye box, reduce the crosstalk of the light projected onto the eye box, and improve the display effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of an image source;

[0014] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the light path of light passing through the cylindrical prism at different observation angles;

[0015] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a user viewing an image source at a vertical viewing angle;

[0016] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the light path of light passing through a cylindrical prism at a vertical viewing angle;

[0017] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a user viewing an image source at an oblique viewing angle;

[0018] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the light path of light passing through a cylindrical prism at an oblique viewing angle;

[0019] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the optical path of an outgoing light beam in an image beam of an image source;

[0020] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the outgoing light in the image beam of another image source;

[0021] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of an image beam;

[0022] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a display module;

[0023] Figure 11A schematic diagram of the top view of another display module;

[0024] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the optical path of an outgoing light beam in a first image beam of an image source;

[0025] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the outgoing light in the first image beam of another image source;

[0026] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of another image beam;

[0027] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of another central light;

[0028] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of a top-down structure of an image source;

[0029] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the top view structure of another image source;

[0030] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the outgoing light in the first image beam of another image source;

[0031] Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of another image beam;

[0032] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of another image beam;

[0033] Figure 21 is the light intensity distribution diagram of multiple image beams changing with the longitude angle under the latitude angle of the central light;

[0034] Figure 22 The intensity distribution diagram of multiple image beams changes with the longitude angle when the latitude angle is 0°;

[0035] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an image source;

[0036] Figure 24 Schematic diagram of the top view structure of another image source;

[0037] Figure 25 A schematic structural diagram of a head-up display provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 26 A schematic diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 27 A schematic diagram of the optical path of a head-up display provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It will be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, the accompanying drawings only illustrate portions relevant to the present invention, not all structures.

[0041] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of an image source. Figure 1 The part pointed by the arrow in the middle shows the cross-sectional structure of the image source. Figure 1 , the image source includes a display module 100 and a prism assembly 200. The display module 100 includes a substrate 110 and a plurality of pixel units 120, and the prism assembly 200 is located on a side of the plurality of pixel units 120 away from the substrate 110. The image source is used to generate a left-eye image beam and a right-eye image beam. The prism assembly 200 is located on the propagation path of the left-eye image beam and the right-eye image beam, and the prism assembly 200 is used to split the left-eye image beam and the right-eye image beam for projection. The prism assembly 200 is a spectroscopic element that deflects the left-eye image beam and the right-eye image beam in different directions, so as to project the left-eye image beam to the left eye and the right-eye image beam to the right eye.

[0042] The prism assembly 200 includes a plurality of cylindrical prisms 210. The plurality of cylindrical prisms 210 are arranged along a first direction X and extend along a second direction Y. The first direction X is perpendicular to the second direction Y, and the direction perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 10 is a third direction Z. The first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z form a Cartesian coordinate system. Any two of the first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.

[0043] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the light path of light passing through the cylindrical prism at different observation angles. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a user viewing an image source at a vertical viewing angle. Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the light path of light passing through a cylindrical prism at a vertical viewing angle. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a user viewing an image source at an oblique viewing angle. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the optical path of light passing through a cylindrical prism at an oblique viewing angle, refer to Figure 2-Figure 6 At a vertical viewing angle, light L1 is emitted along the third direction Z. At an oblique viewing angle, light L2 is emitted along a direction that forms a certain angle with the third direction Z. Research has found that in related technologies, the radius of the cylindrical prism 210 is generally selected to ensure a high degree of parallelism of the vertical light emitted by the image source, thereby satisfying the user's direct viewing requirements.

[0044] However, when the image source is applied to a head-up display, the light in the eye box no longer corresponds to the perpendicular light output of the image source. When viewed at an oblique angle, due to focal length mismatch, the parallelism of the light output from the image source decreases, and it widens in the first direction X, resulting in increased crosstalk. Parallelism refers to the degree of parallelism between the light rays in a beam of light. Ideally, all light rays in a beam of parallel light are strictly parallel, just as sunlight can be approximately regarded as parallel light, and its light parallelism is very high. However, in actual optical systems or light emitted by light sources, the parallelism of light rays will vary due to various factors. Light output parallelism refers to the parallelism of the outgoing light rays.

[0045] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the optical path of the outgoing light in the image beam of an image source, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 7 The light beam emitted by the pixel unit 120 and emitted through the cylindrical prism 210 is the image light beam 300. Figure 7 , a fan-shaped surface is used to illustrate an image beam 300 emitted by a pixel unit 120. Image beam 300 includes multiple outgoing light rays S. The projection S' of the outgoing light ray S in the first plane XOZ forms an acute angle with the third direction Z at a longitude angle θ. The projection S" of the outgoing light ray S in the second plane YOZ forms an acute angle with the third direction Z at a latitude angle φ. The first plane XOZ is a plane defined by the first direction X and the third direction Z, and the second plane YOZ is a plane defined by the second direction Y and the third direction Z.

[0046] It is understood that the cylindrical prism 210 is a one-dimensional light deflecting element. The cylindrical prism 210 has a light deflecting effect in the first plane XOZ, but has no light deflecting effect in the second plane YOZ. Ideally, the pixel unit 120 is regarded as a point light source. The spherical light emitted by the pixel unit 120 is concentrated in the first plane XOZ after passing through the cylindrical prism 210, but not in the second plane YOZ. Thus, the following is formed: Figure 7The fan-shaped image beam 300 shown in FIG. In one example, at least two pixel units 120 can form the same fan-shaped image beam 300. Ideally, the image beams 300 of at least two pixel units 120 have the same longitude angle θ. At least two pixel units 120 can form different fan-shaped image beams 300. Ideally, the image beams 300 of at least two pixel units 120 have different longitude angles θ. In actual products, multiple pixel units 120 can form multiple image beams 300 with different longitude angles θ. When the projection S' of the outgoing light ray S in the first plane XOZ faces the first direction X, the longitude angle θ is positive. When the projection S' of the outgoing light ray S in the first plane XOZ faces the opposite direction of the first direction X, the longitude angle θ is negative. When the projection S" of the outgoing light ray S in the second plane YOZ faces the second direction Y, the latitude angle φ is positive. When the projection S" of the outgoing light ray S in the second plane YOZ faces the opposite direction of the second direction Y, the latitude angle φ is negative.

[0047] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the outgoing light in the image beam of another image source, Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of an image beam, refer to Figure 7-Figure 9 In actual products, the parallelism of the light output will not reach the ideal state. Not all the light output rays S in the same image beam 300 have the same longitude angle θ. All the light output rays S in the same image beam 300 will occupy a certain range of longitude angles θ. The image beam 300 is no longer Figure 8 The present invention is not a sector-shaped surface shown in the figure, but a sector-shaped body with different thicknesses at various locations.

[0048] Figure 9 The horizontal coordinate is the longitude angle θ, and the vertical coordinate is the latitude angle φ. It can be understood that the longitude angle θ and the latitude angle φ constitute a two-dimensional angle space, and the direction of the outgoing light S can be uniquely determined by the values of the longitude angle θ and the latitude angle φ. Figure 9 , Figure 9 The 11 image light beams 300 are indicated by vertical lines.

[0049] refer to Figure 8 and Figure 9 , the outgoing light S includes a zero-dimensional light 410 and a non-zero-dimensional light 420, the dimension angle φ of the zero-dimensional light 410 is equal to 0°, and the dimension angle φ of the non-zero-dimensional light 420 is not equal to 0°. The widening angle Δ of the image beam 300 at the position of the zero-dimensional light 410 is greater than the widening angle Δ of the same image beam 300 at the position of the non-zero-dimensional light 420. Among them, the widening angle Δ is the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the longitude angle θ of the image beam 300 at the same dimension angle φ. The widening angle Δ is Figure 9The width of the longitudinal line in the middle. The widening angle Δ is also the thickness of the fan-shaped body at a certain dimension angle φ.

[0050] The larger the spread angle Δ, the worse the parallelism of the light of the image beam 300 at the dimension angle φ; the smaller the spread angle Δ, the better the parallelism of the light of the image beam 300 at the dimension angle φ. An embodiment of the present invention provides an image source, wherein the spread angle Δ of the image beam 300 at the position of the zero-dimensional light ray 410 is greater than the spread angle Δ of the same image beam 300 at the position of the non-zero-dimensional light ray 420. The parallelism of the light of the image beam 300 at a dimension angle φ not equal to 0° is better than the parallelism of the light of the image beam 300 at a dimension angle φ equal to 0°. When the image source emits light vertically, the dimension angle φ of the image beam 300 is 0°. When the image source emits light obliquely, the dimension angle φ of the image beam 300 includes the non-zero-dimensional light ray 420. When the image source emits light obliquely, at least the non-zero-dimensional light ray 420 is projected onto the eye box. Therefore, the parallelism of the vertical light output of the image source is smaller than the parallelism of the oblique light output of the image source, so as to reduce the widening angle Δ of the image light beam 300 at the position of the non-zero-dimensional light ray 420, improve the parallelism of the light projected by the image light beam 300 into the eye box, reduce the crosstalk of the light projected into the eye box, and improve the display effect.

[0051] Exemplarily, the pixel unit 120 includes multiple sub-pixels. In a typical example, the multiple sub-pixels in the same pixel unit 120 include a red sub-pixel, a green sub-pixel, and a blue sub-pixel. The red sub-pixel is used to emit red light, the green sub-pixel is used to emit green light, and the blue sub-pixel is used to emit blue light.

[0052] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a top view of a display module, refer to Figure 1 and Figure 10 The pixel unit 120 includes a first pixel unit 121, which is located at the center of the display module 100. Specifically, the first pixel unit 121 is located at the center of the display area of the display module 100. When the display area of the display module 100 is a symmetrical shape, such as a rectangle or a circle, the first pixel unit 121 is located at the geometric center of the display area of the display module 100.

[0053] The display module 100 includes pixel units 120 arranged in M rows and N columns. The pixel unit 120 includes a first pixel unit 121. When M is an odd number, the first pixel unit 121 is located at the When M is an even number, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the Row or When N is an odd number, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the When N is an even number, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the Row or List.

[0054] As an example, see Figure 10 , M=15, N=15, M is an odd number, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the 8th row, N is an odd number, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the 8th column. Therefore, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the 8th row and the 8th column.

[0055] Figure 11 This is a top view of another display module, see Figure 1 and Figure 11 , M=15, N=14, M is an odd number, and the first pixel unit 121 is located in the 8th row. N is an even number, and the first pixel unit 121 is located in the 7th column, or the first pixel unit 121 is located in the 8th column. Thus, the first pixel unit 121 is located in the 8th row and 7th column, or the first pixel unit 121 is located in the 8th row and 8th column. That is, the pixel unit 120 located in the 8th row and 7th column or the 8th row and 8th column can be used as the first pixel unit 121.

[0056] It should be noted that Figure 10 and Figure 11 The dotted line in FIG. 1 is used to help illustrate the center of the display module 100 , and is not a structural element in the display module 100 .

[0057] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the optical path of the outgoing light in the first image beam of an image source, referring to Figure 7 、 Figure 10-12 The image beam 300 emitted by the first pixel unit 121 is a first image beam 310. The non-zero-dimensional light rays 420 in the first image beam 310 include a central light ray F1, which is imaged at the geometric center of the eye box. The eye box is the area of the eyeball distribution within which the user can see the complete image. In one example, the eye box is rectangular, and the geometric center of the eye box is the intersection of the diagonals of the rectangle. In another example, the eye box is circular, and the geometric center of the eye box is the center of the circle.

[0058] After emitting from the image source, central light ray F1 may pass through at least one reflective surface before being imaged at the geometric center of the eyebox. Typically, central light ray F1 must at least be reflected by the windshield before being imaged at the geometric center of the eyebox. Furthermore, at least one dimming component may be positioned between the image source and the windshield. This dimming component will be discussed further in the subsequent discussion of head-up displays.

[0059] The image observed by the user is distributed within a certain range centered on the geometric center of the eyebox. Therefore, in this embodiment of the present invention, the non-zero-dimensional light 420 includes the central light F1, and the spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the location of the zero-dimensional light 410 is greater than the spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the location of the central light F1. This reduces the spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the location of the central light F1, improves the parallelism of the light projected by the first image beam 310 into the eyebox, reduces crosstalk of the light projected into the eyebox, and improves the display quality.

[0060] Optionally, refer to Figure 9 and Figure 12 , the longitude angle of the central light F1 is θ mid The longitude angle of the outgoing light S emitted by the plurality of pixel units 120 and imaged in the eye box is recorded as θ 11 θ 11 Greater than or equal to (θ mid -10°), and less than or equal to (θ mid +10°). θ 11 represents θ mid Longitude angles within the range of plus or minus 10°. mid The image beam 300 with a longitudinal angle within the range of plus or minus 10 degrees satisfies the following conditions: the widening angle Δ of the image beam 300 at the position of the zero-dimensional ray 410 is greater than the widening angle Δ of the same image beam 300 at the position of the non-zero-dimensional ray 420. In actual products, the longitudinal angle of the outgoing light S corresponding to the eye box is θ mid Within a certain range nearby.

[0061] In another embodiment, the longitude angle of the outgoing light S emitted by the plurality of pixel units 120 and imaged in the eye box is denoted as θ 12 θ 12 Greater than or equal to (θ mid -5°), and less than or equal to (θ mid +5°). θ 12 represents θ mid The longitude angle is within the range of plus or minus 5°. mid The image beam 300 with a longitude angle within the range of plus or minus 5° satisfies the following conditions: the widening angle Δ of the image beam 300 at the position of the zero-dimensional light ray 410 is greater than the widening angle Δ of the same image beam 300 at the position of the non-zero-dimensional light ray 420.

[0062] Optionally, refer to Figure 9 and Figure 12 , the dimension angle of the central light F1 is φ mid The dimension angle of the non-zero-dimensional light ray 420 emitted by the plurality of pixel units 120 and imaged in the eye box is denoted as φ 11 ,φ11 Greater than or equal to (φ mid -5°), and less than or equal to (φ mid +5°),φ mid Greater than 5°. 11 Represents φ mid It is understood that the cylindrical prism 210 is a one-dimensional light deflecting element. The cylindrical prism 210 has no light deflection effect in the second plane YOZ. The dimensional angle distribution of the image beam 300 is within the range of -90° to 90°. However, in one example, φ mid The outgoing light S with a latitude angle within the range of plus or minus 5° is projected into the eye box and can be observed by the user. mid The outgoing light S with a latitude angle outside the range of plus or minus 5 degrees can be projected entirely into the eye box, or partially into the eye box and partially out of the eye box. The outgoing light S projected outside the eye box cannot be observed by the user.

[0063] In other embodiments, the outgoing light S projected onto the eye box may also have other longitudinal angle distributions and latitudinal angle distributions. For example, Figure 9 The longitude angle distribution and the latitude angle distribution shown in the first area 510 in the two-dimensional angular space, or Figure 9 The longitude angle distribution and latitude angle distribution are shown in the second area 520 in the two-dimensional angular space.

[0064] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the outgoing light in the first image beam of another image source, Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of another image beam, refer to Figure 12-14 , the dimension angle of the central light F1 is φ mid The non-zero-dimensional light 420 in the first image beam 310 also includes a first light 421. The dimension angle of the first light 421 is φ1. φ1 and φ mid The spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the first light ray 421 is greater than the spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the central light ray F1. Compared to the first light ray 421, the spread angle Δ at the position of the central light ray F1 is smaller, thereby reducing the spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the central light ray F1, improving the parallelism of the light projected by the first image beam 310 into the eye box, reducing crosstalk of the light projected into the eye box, and improving the display effect.

[0065] For example, the longitude angle of the first light ray 421 is θ1, which can be equal to θ mid , or, since the outgoing light S is distributed in a fan-shaped body, not an ideal fan-shaped surface, θ1 may not be equal to θ mid .

[0066] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of another central light. Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of an image source, refer to Figure 12-16 , multiple pixel units 120 are arranged in an array along the fourth direction U and the fifth direction V. The acute angle between the projection of the central light ray F1 in the third plane VOZ and the third direction Z is α, and the third plane VOZ is a plane determined by the fifth direction V and the third direction Z. The angle between the first direction X and the fourth direction U is β. In one embodiment, the fourth direction U and the fifth direction V are perpendicular, and the angle between the second direction Y and the fifth direction V is also β. The longitude angle of the central light ray F1 is θ mid , satisfying: θ mid = -arctan(sinβtanα). In the embodiment of the present invention, the longitude angle θ of the central light F1 can be obtained according to the values of α and β. mid Thus, the first image beam 310 where the central light F1 is located is obtained.

[0067] For example, refer to Figure 15 and Figure 16 When β is not equal to 0°, the cylindrical prism 210 is tilted relative to the arrangement of the multiple pixel units 120. The image source in the head-up display emits light at an angle, and α is not equal to 0°. When the light is emitted vertically, ambient light (such as sunlight) may be directly reflected into the eye box, causing glare. This tilted light output reduces the intersection of ambient light and the display light path, improving image contrast.

[0068] Furthermore, when obtaining the longitude angle θ of the central light F1 mid On the basis of β is not equal to 0°, the formula Get the dimension angle φ of the central light F1 mid It is understandable that if Figure 12 As shown, in an ideal case, the first image beam 310 where the central light F1 is located is first obtained, and then a qualified outgoing light S is found in the first image beam 310 as the central light F1.

[0069] Optionally, 10°≤β≤20°. The cylindrical prism 210 is tilted by 10° to 20° relative to the arrangement direction of the plurality of pixel units 120 , so as to reduce moire fringes generated by the arrangement array of the pixel units 120 and the prism assembly 200 .

[0070] Figure 17 This is a top-down structural diagram of another image source, refer to Figure 17 , the cylindrical prism 210 is arranged along the arrangement direction of the plurality of pixel units 120. β is equal to 0°, the formula θ mid = -arctan(sinβtanα) is also applicable when β is equal to 0°. When β is equal to 0°, θ midis equal to 0°. Correspondingly, φ mid =α. In the embodiment of the present invention, the dimension angle φ of the central light F1 can be obtained according to the value of α. mid .

[0071] Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of the outgoing light in the first image beam of another image source, Figure 19 is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of another image beam, refer to Figure 12 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 18 and Figure 19 The non-zero-dimensional light ray 420 in the first image beam 310 further includes a second light ray 422, the dimension angle of the second light ray 422 is φ2, φ mid >φ1>φ2>0, the spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the second light ray 422 is greater than the spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the first light ray 421. The spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the first light ray 421 is greater than the spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the central light ray F1. Compared with the first light ray 421 and the second light ray 422, the spread angle Δ at the position of the central light ray F1 is smaller, thereby reducing the spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the central light ray F1, improving the parallelism of the light projected by the first image beam 310 into the eye box, reducing crosstalk of the light projected into the eye box, and improving the display effect.

[0072] The cylindrical prism 210 is a one-dimensional light deflecting element. The cylindrical prism 210 has no light deflection effect in the second plane YOZ. The dimensional angle distribution of the image beam 300 is within the range of -90° to 90°. The distribution of the image beam 300 at a dimensional angle greater than 0° is symmetrical to the distribution of the image beam 300 at a dimensional angle less than 0°. Figure 19 As shown in FIG, the image beam 300 indicated by the vertical line is symmetrical about the straight line of φ=0°. mid The situation is similar when φ1>φ2>0°. mid When φ1<φ2<0°, the widening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the second light ray 422 is greater than the widening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the first light ray 421 .

[0073] refer to Figure 12 、 Figure 13 、 Figure 18 and Figure 19 , the latitude angle is from φ=0° to φ midThe spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 gradually decreases in the direction of the central light F1. The spread angle Δ is minimized at the position of the central light F1, thereby reducing the spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the central light F1, improving the parallelism of the light projected by the first image beam 310 into the eye box, reducing crosstalk of the light projected into the eye box, and improving the display effect.

[0074] For example, the longitude angle of the second light ray 422 is θ2, which can be equal to θ mid Or, since the outgoing light S is distributed in a fan-shaped body, not an ideal fan-shaped surface, θ2 may not be equal to θ mid θ2 may be equal to θ1, or, because the distribution of the emitted light S forms a fan-shaped body, not an ideal fan-shaped surface, θ2 may not be equal to θ1.

[0075] Optionally, refer to Figure 9 and Figure 12 The longitudinal angle of the outgoing light S emitted by the plurality of pixel units 120 and imaged within the eye box is greater than or equal to -15.5° and less than or equal to 3.5°. And / or the latitude angle of the non-zero-dimensional light 420 emitted by the plurality of pixel units 120 and imaged within the eye box is greater than or equal to 17° and less than or equal to 25°.

[0076] refer to Figure 9 and Figure 12 The longitude angle of the outgoing light S emitted by the plurality of pixel units 120 and imaged in the eye box is recorded as θ 11 -15.5°≤θ 11 ≤3.5°. The dimension angle of the non-zero-dimensional light ray 420 emitted by the plurality of pixel units 120 and imaged in the eye box is denoted as φ 11 , 17°≤φ 11 ≤25°. The outgoing light S covering the eye box is distributed with the central light F1 as the center. In one example, the longitude angle θ of the central light F1 is mid is -6°, the dimension angle of the central ray F1 is φ mid The longitude angle of the outgoing light S covering the eye box is distributed in θ mid The angular distribution of the outgoing light S covering the eye box is within the range of ±9.5°. mid Within the range of plus or minus 4°.

[0077] Figure 20 is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional angular coordinates of another image beam, Figure 20 The dotted lines in are used to help illustrate the same-dimensional angle φ. Figure 16 and Figure 20The pixel unit 120 includes a second pixel unit 122. The image beam 300 emitted by the second pixel unit 122 is a second image beam 320. The widening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the first dimension angle is different from the widening angle Δ of the second image beam 320 at the first dimension angle.

[0078] For example, the first dimension angle may be equal to 0°, such that the spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the location of the zero-dimensional ray 410 is different from the spread angle Δ of the second image beam 320 at the location of the zero-dimensional ray 410. The first dimension angle may not be equal to 0°, such that, at the first dimension angle, the spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the location of the non-zero-dimensional ray 420 is different from the spread angle Δ of the second image beam 320 at the location of the non-zero-dimensional ray 420.

[0079] Exemplarily, the pixel unit 120 includes a third pixel unit 123, and the image beam 300 emitted by the third pixel unit 123 is a third image beam 330. The spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the first angular dimension is different from the spread angle Δ of the second image beam 320 at the first angular dimension, and is different from the spread angle Δ of the third image beam 330 at the first angular dimension.

[0080] Optionally, refer to Figure 16 and Figure 20 , the longitude angle of the central light F1 is θ mid , the dimension angle of the central light F1 is φ mid The first dimension angle is φ mid The non-zero-dimensional light ray 420 of the second image beam 320 at the first dimension angle includes a third light ray 423, and the longitude angle of the third light ray 423 is θ3; θ mid is not equal to θ3. Figure 20 In the example shown, θ mid and θ3 are both negative, θ mid Less than θ3. The spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the central ray F1 is smaller than the spread angle Δ of the second image beam 320 at the position of the third ray 423. Compared to the second image beam 320, at the same latitude angle, the spread angle Δ at the position of the central ray F1 is smaller. This reduces the spread angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the position of the central ray F1, improves the parallelism of the light projected by the first image beam 310 into the eye box, reduces crosstalk of the light projected into the eye box, and improves the display effect.

[0081] Exemplarily, compared with other image beams 300, at the same dimension angle, the widening angle Δ at the center light F1 position is smaller, that is, the widening angle Δ at the center light F1 position is the smallest, so as to reduce the widening angle Δ of the first image beam 310 at the center light F1 position.

[0082] For example, refer to Figure 16 and Figure 20 , the first dimension angle is φ2. Non-zero-dimensional light rays 420 of third image beam 330 at the first dimension angle include fourth light ray 424. Fourth light ray 424 has a longitude angle of θ4; θ2 and θ4 are not equal. The spread angle Δ of third image beam 330 at the location of fourth light ray 424 is smaller than the spread angle Δ of first image beam 310 at the location of second light ray 422.

[0083] Figure 21 is the intensity distribution diagram of multiple image beams changing with the longitude angle under the latitude angle of the central light. Figure 22 The intensity distribution diagram of multiple image beams changes with the longitude angle when the latitude angle is 0°, refer to Figure 21 and Figure 22 , the horizontal axis is the longitude angle θ, and the vertical axis is the light intensity. For the second to fifth image beams, the image beam has a widening angle Δ when the latitude angle is 0°, which is greater than the same image beam 300 when the latitude angle is φ. mid The broadening angle Δ is defined as the full width at full peak, i.e. Figure 21 and Figure 22 The width formed by the intersection of the pulse waveform and the abscissa. In other embodiments, the spreading angle Δ can also be defined as the full width at half maximum, that is, Figure 21 and Figure 22 The width of the pulse waveform at half the peak of the pulse waveform.

[0084] For example, for the first image beam, the image beam has a widening angle Δ at a latitude angle of 0°, which is smaller than the image beam 300 at a latitude angle of φ. mid In this exemplary embodiment, not all image beams satisfy the image beam width angle Δ when the dimension angle is 0°, which is greater than the image beam 300 when the dimension angle is φ. mid The widening angle Δ when .

[0085] Figure 23 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of an image source, see Figure 1 and Figure 23 The cylindrical prism 210 includes a cylindrical surface 211, which is a curved surface and serves as a functional surface of the cylindrical prism 210 for deflecting light. The arc radius of the cylindrical surface 211 is R. Along the third direction Z, the minimum distance between the cylindrical surface 11 and the pixel unit 120 is h. The average refractive index of the image source is n. The multi-layer structure in the image source is simplified to an approximation of a homogeneous medium, emphasizing the overall impact of the image source on light wave propagation. It satisfies: Where K>1.

[0086] In related technologies, the arc radius R is generally selected to make the vertical light from the image source more parallel to satisfy the user's direct viewing. The arc radius R satisfies: In this case, the focal length of the rod prism 210 is equal to h.

[0087] In the embodiment of the present invention, Where K > 1, the focal length of the cylindrical prism 210 is greater than h, and the cylindrical prism 210 is in a defocused state. This adapts to scenes viewed from an oblique viewing angle. Thus, by designing the arc radius R of the cylindrical surface 211 in the cylindrical prism 210, the widening angle Δ of the image beam 300 at the location of the zero-dimensional ray 410 is greater than the widening angle Δ of the same image beam 300 at the location of the non-zero-dimensional ray 420.

[0088] In one example, the average refractive index n of the image source is obtained by a thickness-weighted average method. n = (n1*d1+n2*d2+…+nk*dk) / (d1+d2+…+dk), where n1, n2, …, nk are the refractive indices of the layers in the image source, including the rod prism 210. d1, d2, …, dk are the physical thicknesses of the layers in the image source along the light propagation direction.

[0089] Furthermore, K < 2, and thus 1 < K < 2. The coefficient K has a qualitative relationship with the acute angle α between the projection of the central ray F1 in the third plane VOZ and the third direction Z. A larger α requires a more inclined central ray, a greater defocus amount is required, and thus a larger K. If K is too large, meaning α is very large, the image projected by the image source and ultimately imaged in the eyebox is viewed at slight incidence, resulting in image distortion. In embodiments of the present invention, K < 2, minimizing or even preventing deformation of the image projected by the image source.

[0090] Optionally, K=1.2,

[0091] For example, when h is 1000 μm, the arc length radius R in the related art is about 330 μm. The parallelism of the vertical light from the image source is high. When designing, the arc radius R is about 400μm. The parallelism of the tilted light from the image source is high, and the widening angle Δ at the center light F1 is minimized.

[0092] Optionally, refer to Figure 23 The cylindrical surface 211 is the surface of the cylindrical prism 210 away from the substrate 110. The cylindrical surface 211 is the surface of the cylindrical prism 210 that is convex toward the light-emitting side of the image source.

[0093] For example, refer to Figure 23Between the cylindrical prism 210 and the pixel unit 120, the image source may further include at least one of a color resist, a polarizer, a prism bonding adhesive, a prism substrate, and the like.

[0094] The outgoing light S entering the geometric center of the eye box includes the central light F1. In addition to the central light F1, the outgoing light S entering the geometric center of the eye box may also include other outgoing light S. It can be understood that the display module 100 includes a plurality of pixel units 120. The multiple outgoing light rays S emitted by the multiple pixel units 120 will all enter the geometric center of the eye box. The outgoing light S emitted by the pixel unit 120 and imaged at the geometric center of the eye box is called the eye box center light. It can be seen that the central light F1 is one of the multiple eye box center rays. Different eye box center rays can have different inclination angles, that is, different eye box center rays have different longitude angles θ and / or different dimensional angles φ. Studies have found that the same arc length radius R cannot take into account the parallelism of light output at all positions, resulting in deterioration of crosstalk at some positions, affecting the display effect.

[0095] Figure 24 This is a top-down structural diagram of another image source, refer to Figure 24 The display module 100 includes a first display area 521 and a second display area 522. The arc length radius of the cylindrical prism 210 corresponding to the first display area 521 is R1, and the arc length radius of the cylindrical prism 210 corresponding to the second display area 522 is R2. Wherein, R1≠R2. Different from the structural design of the cylindrical prism 210 having the same radius at each position in the related art, the embodiment of the present invention has a differentiated design for the arc length radius of the cylindrical prism 210 corresponding to different light-emitting positions to improve the parallelism of the light beams S emitted from different light-emitting positions, thereby improving the display effect. The cylindrical prism 210 corresponding to the first display area 521 refers to the portion of the cylindrical prism 210 covering the first display area 521, and the cylindrical prism 210 corresponding to the second display area 522 refers to the portion of the cylindrical prism 210 covering the second display area 522.

[0096] For example, refer to Figure 24 The display module 100 further includes a third display area 523 , which is located between the first display area 521 and the second display area 522 . The arc length radius of the cylindrical prism 210 corresponding to the third display area 523 is R3 .

[0097] In some embodiments, R3<R1, R3<R2 can be set, and the shape of the cylindrical prism 210 is small in the center and large on both sides.

[0098] In some embodiments, R3 can be set to be less than R1, and the sizes of R3 and R2 are not limited. They can also be reasonably adjusted according to the positions of the third display area 523 and the second display area 522 and the light output angle of the outgoing light S, so that the outgoing light S has consistent light output parallelism in the longitudinal extension direction of the cylindrical prism 210.

[0099] In some embodiments, R3 can be set to be less than R2, and the sizes of R3 and R1 are not limited. They can also be reasonably adjusted according to the positions of the third display area 523 and the first display area 521 and the light output angle of the outgoing light S, so that the outgoing light S has consistent light output parallelism in the longitudinal extension direction of the column prism 210, thereby improving the problem of light crosstalk.

[0100] In some embodiments, the arc radius of the cylindrical prism 210 in its longitudinal extension direction can be gradually increased, i.e., R1 < R3 < R2, or the arc radius of the cylindrical prism 210 in its longitudinal extension direction can be gradually decreased, such as R2 < R3 < R1. In this configuration, the arc radius of the cylindrical prism 210 has different sizes at different light-emitting positions of the display module 100, which helps the emitted light S have consistent light parallelism in the longitudinal extension direction of the cylindrical prism 210, thereby improving the problem of light crosstalk.

[0101] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a head-up display, Figure 25 A schematic diagram of the structure of a head-up display provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 25 As shown, the head-up display 610 includes an image source 620 provided by any embodiment of the present invention.

[0102] For example, continue to refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 7 and Figure 25 The head-up display 610 may further include at least one dimming component, which is located on the optical path of the image light beam 300 emitted by the display module 100 , and the dimming component is at least used to adjust the propagation direction of the image light beam 300 .

[0103] As an example, at least one dimming component includes a plane mirror 630 and a curved mirror 640. The outgoing light from the image source 620 can be reflected by the plane mirror 630 and the curved mirror 640 and transmitted to the imaging component 650. The imaging component 650 can reflect part of the light into the eye box and form a virtual image on the other side of the imaging component 650, so that the driver can clearly see the vehicle's key information without taking his eyes off the road, and timely understand key information such as the vehicle's operating status, navigation guidance, and safety warnings, so as to make corresponding driving decisions and operations.

[0104] The head-up display provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be Figure 25The vehicle-mounted head-up display 610 shown can also be any other product with a head-up display function, including but not limited to the following categories: eyeglass head-up display, mobile phone head-up display, home head-up display, aircraft head-up display, workshop head-up display, etc., and the embodiment of the present invention does not make special limitations on this.

[0105] Figure 26 A schematic diagram of a vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Figure 27 A schematic diagram of the optical path of a head-up display provided by an embodiment of the present invention, with reference to Figure 1 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 25-27 The vehicle includes the head-up display 610 of the above embodiment. The vehicle also includes an imaging component 650 , which is located on the transmission path of the image beam 300 adjusted by the cylindrical prism 210 , and is used to reflect the image beam 300 to the eye box 660 .

[0106] The imaging component 50 may be a windshield of a vehicle. In other embodiments, the imaging component 50 may also be a separate display screen. The vehicle may be, for example, a car, an airplane, or a ship.

[0107] Light emitted by the head-up display 610 is reflected by the imaging assembly 50 and reaches the eyebox 660. The user's left and right eyes see virtual images of image beams with different emission angles on the first parallax image plane M1 and the second parallax image plane M2, respectively. Due to parallax, the user sees a 3D virtual image on the third parallax image plane M3. 3D-H refers to the 3D depth of the 3D virtual image.

[0108] Note that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, readjustments, combinations, and substitutions are possible for those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An image source, characterized in that: The display module comprises a display module and a prism assembly, wherein the display module comprises a substrate and a plurality of pixel units, and the prism assembly is located on a side of the plurality of pixel units away from the substrate; The prism assembly includes a plurality of cylindrical prisms, the plurality of cylindrical prisms are arranged along a first direction and extend along a second direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction, and the direction perpendicular to the plane where the substrate is located is a third direction; The light beam emitted by the pixel unit and emitted through the cylindrical prism is an image light beam, and the image light beam includes multiple outgoing light rays, the acute angle between the projection of the outgoing light rays in the first plane and the third direction is the longitude angle, and the acute angle between the projection of the outgoing light rays in the second plane and the third direction is the latitude angle; the first plane is a plane determined by the first direction and the third direction, and the second plane is a plane determined by the second direction and the third direction; The outgoing light includes zero-dimensional light and non-zero-dimensional light, the dimensional angle of the zero-dimensional light is equal to 0°, the dimensional angle of the non-zero-dimensional light is not equal to 0°, and the widening angle of the image light beam at the position of the zero-dimensional light is greater than the widening angle of the same image light beam at the position of the non-zero-dimensional light; wherein the widening angle is the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the longitude angle of the image light beam at the same dimensional angle.

2. The image source according to claim 1, characterized in that The pixel unit includes a first pixel unit, and the first pixel unit is located at the center of the display module; The image beam emitted by the first pixel unit is a first image beam. The non-zero-dimensional light in the first image beam includes a central light, and the central light is imaged at the geometric center of the eye box.

3. The image source according to claim 2, characterized in that The longitude angle of the central ray is θ mid , the longitude angle of the outgoing light emitted by the plurality of pixel units and imaged in the eye box is greater than or equal to (θ mid -10°), and less than or equal to (θ mid +10°).

4. The image source according to claim 3, characterized in that The longitude angle of the outgoing light emitted by the plurality of pixel units and imaged in the eye box is greater than or equal to (θ mid -5°), and less than or equal to (θ mid +5°).

5. The image source according to claim 2, characterized in that The dimension angle of the central light is φ mid The dimension angle of the non-zero-dimensional light emitted by the plurality of pixel units and imaged in the eye box is greater than or equal to (φ mid -5°), and less than or equal to (φ mid +5°),φ mid Greater than 5°.

6. The image source according to claim 2, characterized in that The dimension angle of the central light is φ mid , the non-zero dimensional light in the first image beam also includes a first light, the dimension angle of the first light is φ1, φ1 and φ mid Not equal; A spread angle of the first image light beam at the first light position is greater than a spread angle of the first image light beam at the central light position.

7. The image source according to claim 6, characterized in that The plurality of pixel units are arranged in an array along the fourth direction and the fifth direction; The acute angle between the projection of the central light in the third plane and the third direction is α, the third plane is a plane determined by the fifth direction and the third direction, the angle between the first direction and the fourth direction is β, and the longitude angle of the central light is θ mid ,satisfy: i mid =-arctan(sinβtanα).

8. The image source according to claim 7, characterized in that β is not equal to 0°.

9. The image source according to claim 7, characterized in that 10°≤β≤20°。 10. The image source according to claim 7, characterized in that β is equal to 0°, θ mid is equal to 0°, f mid = a.

11. The image source according to claim 6, characterized in that The non-zero-dimensional light in the first image beam further includes a second light, the dimension angle of the second light is φ2, φ mid >φ1>φ2>0°, or φ mid <φ1<φ2<0°; A spread angle of the first image light beam at the second light position is greater than a spread angle of the first image light beam at the first light position.

12. The image source according to claim 2, characterized in that The longitude angle of the outgoing light rays emitted by the plurality of pixel units and imaged in the eye box is greater than or equal to -15.5° and less than or equal to 3.5°; and / or, The dimensional angle of the outgoing light emitted by the plurality of pixel units and imaged in the eye box is greater than or equal to 17° and less than or equal to 25°.

13. The image source according to claim 2, characterized in that The pixel unit includes a second pixel unit, and the image light beam emitted by the second pixel unit is a second image light beam; The expansion angle of the first image light beam at a first dimension angle is different from the expansion angle of the second image light beam at the first dimension angle.

14. The image source according to claim 13, characterized in that The longitude angle of the central ray is θ mid , the dimension angle of the central light is φ mid ; The first dimension angle is φ mid ; The non-zero-dimensional light of the second image beam at the first-dimensional angle includes a third light, and the longitude angle of the third light is θ3; θ mid Not equal to θ3; The spread angle of the first image light beam at the position of the central light beam is smaller than the spread angle of the second image light beam at the position of the third light beam.

15. The image source according to claim 1, characterized in that The cylindrical prism includes a cylindrical surface, the arc length radius of the cylindrical surface is R; along the third direction, the minimum distance between the cylindrical surface and the pixel unit is h, and the average refractive index of the image source is n, satisfying: Where K>

1.

16. The image source according to claim 15, characterized in that K＜2。 17. The image source according to claim 16, characterized in that K＝1.2。 18. The image source according to claim 15, characterized in that The cylindrical surface is a surface of the cylindrical prism away from the substrate.

19. The image source according to claim 15, characterized in that The display module includes a first area and a second area. The arc length radius of the cylindrical prism corresponding to the first area is R1, and the arc length radius of the cylindrical prism corresponding to the second area is R2; wherein R1≠R2.

20. A head-up display, characterized in that: The image source comprises the image source according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

21. The head-up display according to claim 20, wherein: Also includes: At least one dimming component is located on the optical path of the image light beam emitted by the display module, and is at least used to adjust the propagation direction of the image light beam.

22. A vehicle, characterized in that: A head-up display comprising the head-up display according to claim 20 or 21; The carrier further includes an imaging component, which is located on the transmission light path of the image light beam adjusted by the cylindrical prism and is used to reflect the image light beam to the eye box.

Images