Multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform, and relates to the related technical field of substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance. Comprising a virtual topology modeling module used for constructing a main wiring diagram and a communication network topology of the intelligent substation and establishing a virtual equipment simulation model; the visual conversion link configuration module is used for providing a graphical interaction interface; the teaching driving engine is used for loading a preset teaching simulation process, capturing student operation behaviors in real time and triggering equipment response logic and multi-protocol communication interaction; the communication link monitoring and teaching tool is used for dynamically monitoring a communication link state and analyzing a protocol frame structure and a transmission state parameter; and the operation and maintenance actual combat training module is used for simulating a fault scene based on the multi-protocol communication link. According to the invention, the transformation from static teaching to dynamic interactive actual combat teaching is realized, and the core problem that real substation operation and maintenance training cannot be effectively supported in the prior art is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field related to substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance, and more particularly to a multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform. Background Art

[0002] With the development of smart grids, substation automation systems are gradually moving towards intelligence and integration based on informatization, networking, and standardization. In smart substations in particular, heterogeneous protocols such as IEC 61850, GOOSE, SV (sampled value), Modbus, and DNP3 are widely used to achieve coordinated control of primary equipment and secondary systems. While this multi-protocol communication architecture enhances system flexibility, it also places higher technical requirements on operations and maintenance personnel and trainees.

[0003] The mainstream substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platforms currently on the market mainly focus on the following two aspects:

[0004] 1. Basic simulation of electrical main wiring and equipment control:

[0005] Generally, the operating status of circuit breakers, switches, transformers and other equipment is simulated through a graphical interface to achieve logical control and status linkage, but it is mostly based on static process demonstrations and lacks the reproduction of real communication interaction behaviors.

[0006] 2. Teaching demonstration of single protocol communication process:

[0007] Some simulation platforms integrate the IEC 61850 protocol stack, allowing for simple message exchange simulations. However, these platforms often lack inter-protocol coordination mechanisms, making it impossible to simulate protocol relays, field conversions, or asynchronous response logic. Furthermore, they cannot reflect the real-world environment of diverse equipment manufacturers and complex interweaving of protocol types found in actual projects.

[0008] Therefore, the existing substation teaching simulation system generally has the following defects:

[0009] 1. Lack of support for multi-protocol interaction environments: Existing systems are mostly limited to a single protocol environment (such as IEC61850) and cannot build a simulation topology for multi-protocol collaborative communication, which limits the ability to reproduce real operation and maintenance scenarios.

[0010] 2. "Black-box" protocol interaction behavior: The lack of fine-grained analysis of the communication link status makes it difficult to teach and conduct practical exercises on typical communication anomalies such as bit errors, frame structure errors, and response timeouts.

[0011] 3. The teaching content is process-oriented and lacks interaction and feedback mechanisms: The traditional simulation teaching process is mainly based on preset animations or directional operations, which leads to low student participation and makes it difficult to quantify their understanding of the protocol and actual troubleshooting capabilities.

[0012] 4. Lack of practical operation and maintenance-oriented training design: Few systems support protocol-level fault injection and troubleshooting drills, making it difficult to help students form the diagnostic logic and analysis paths required for real operation and maintenance.

[0013] 5. In addition, although some existing systems have introduced "semi-physical interfaces" or "engineered configurations", they are mostly used for teaching demonstrations and fail to truly achieve the integration of simulation platforms and actual communication logs. They cannot be used to reverse drive simulation behavior, and it is difficult to achieve "digital twin-level" linkage simulation with substations under construction.

[0014] Therefore, to address the above issues, there is an urgent need for a simulation teaching platform that supports the coexistence and interactive simulation of multiple communication protocols, provides a visual configuration and protocol conversion mechanism, has real-time link monitoring and teaching prompt functions, and integrates real substation communication data-driven behavior. Summary of the Invention

[0015] In view of this, the present invention provides a multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform. Through core technologies such as virtual topology modeling, protocol relay configuration, teaching drive engine, communication link monitoring and operation and maintenance practical scoring system, it realizes the transformation from "static teaching" to "dynamic interactive practical teaching", solving the core problem that existing technologies cannot effectively support real substation operation and maintenance training.

[0016] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0017] A multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform, including:

[0018] Virtual topology modeling module, used to construct the main wiring diagram and communication network topology of the smart substation and establish a virtual device simulation model;

[0019] Visual conversion link configuration module, used to provide a graphical interactive interface;

[0020] The teaching drive engine is used to load the preset teaching simulation process, capture the student's operation behavior in real time, and trigger the device response logic and multi-protocol communication interaction;

[0021] Communication link monitoring and teaching tool, used to dynamically monitor the communication link status, analyze the protocol frame structure and transmission status parameters;

[0022] The operation and maintenance practical training module is used to simulate failure scenarios based on multi-protocol communication links.

[0023] Optionally, the virtual device simulation model supports binding virtual devices to different communication protocol types, including IEC 61850, GOOSE, Modbus, and DNP3; virtual devices include circuit breakers, disconnectors, current transformers, voltage transformers, protection devices, measurement and control terminals, and communication gateways.

[0024] Optionally, the protocol relay configuration interface supports custom conversion rules, including: protocol type conversion, data field mapping table and conversion delay parameter settings.

[0025] Optionally, the protocol relay configuration interface is implemented through a built-in protocol conversion engine, which includes: a protocol syntax parser for deconstructing source protocol packets; a field mapping rule library with pre-set common conversion templates; and a conversion cache queue for processing asynchronous protocol responses.

[0026] Optionally, the teaching drive engine imports the communication log of the real substation through the semi-physical interface to drive the virtual device model to generate a response, and the response logic is consistent with the protocol behavior of the real device.

[0027] Optionally, the hardware-in-the-loop interface supports the import of substation data in SCD file or COMTRADE format, and converts it into drive signals recognizable by the simulation device through a protocol adapter.

[0028] Optionally, a graphical interactive interface allows users to configure communication links between devices by dragging and dropping. When the devices connected by the link use different protocol types, the protocol relay configuration interface is automatically triggered, allowing users to set intermediate protocol conversion methods, field mapping rules and communication parameters.

[0029] Optionally, the protocol frame structure and transmission status parameters including bit error rate, frame loss rate, and response delay are parsed, and interactive teaching prompt information is output when an abnormal event is detected.

[0030] Optionally, the instructor can inject faults and record the student's troubleshooting path, operation steps, and response results, and output a scoring report based on preset standards.

[0031] Optionally, the scoring report for the operation and maintenance practical training module includes: fault location time; correctness of the protocol anomaly analysis path; and normative evaluation of multi-protocol collaborative operations.

[0032] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. This invention provides breakthrough support for virtual device modeling and interactive simulation in heterogeneous protocol environments;

[0034] The introduction of a "multi-protocol binding virtual device model" in the smart substation teaching platform enables users to build device nodes supporting different communication protocols, including IEC 61850, GOOSE, Modbus, and DNP3, within the same virtual topology, breaking the traditional platform's reliance on a single protocol stack (such as IEC 61850). This mechanism can realistically simulate the operating environment of heterogeneous communication systems coexisting in complex engineering sites, better aligning with the actual scenarios of multi-vendor, multi-system collaborative operation in modern substations, and possessing significant engineering teaching value.

[0035] 2. This invention designs a visual protocol relay configuration mechanism to improve the teaching transparency of the protocol interaction logic;

[0036] To address the problem of heterogeneous protocols being unable to communicate directly with each other, this paper proposes a "protocol relay configuration interface + conversion engine" linkage mechanism. This mechanism configures device links through drag-and-drop graphical operations and triggers a relay configuration window when protocol types are inconsistent, guiding users to set protocol mapping methods, field rules, and timing parameters. This significantly enhances the understandability and teaching operability of multi-protocol interaction behaviors. This configuration method is particularly suitable for demonstrating the process of "converting GOOSE messages to Modbus register control quantities" in teaching scenarios, helping to improve students' understanding of protocol conversion logic.

[0037] 3. This invention significantly improves the authenticity and controllability of teaching scenarios by integrating the teaching driving engine with real data;

[0038] The teaching driver engine supports loading standardized simulation process scripts and real substation communication logs (such as SCD, COMTRADE, and packet capture data), driving virtual devices to respond according to real-world device behaviors, ensuring that students are exposed to communication interactions that closely resemble real-world operation and maintenance scenarios. This control mechanism, which integrates semi-physical drive and preset teaching scripts, can reproduce complex fault scenarios and device behaviors without relying on physical devices, providing a low-cost, highly realistic training environment.

[0039] 4. The present invention constructs a protocol visualization monitoring and interactive prompting system to achieve structured and interactive protocol teaching;

[0040] The simulation platform integrates communication link monitoring and teaching tools, enabling real-time monitoring and status analysis of various protocol links. Parameters such as bit error rate, packet loss rate, and response delay are graphically presented. Once an anomaly is detected (such as a GOOSE retransmission or Modbus response timeout), the platform proactively prompts students to analyze the cause of the problem. This innovative mechanism introduces real-time protocol diagnostic technology into the teaching process, enhancing the depth and engagement of protocol-layer teaching.

[0041] 5. This invention introduces an "operation and maintenance practice scoring system" to quantify the trainees' operation process and protocol response path;

[0042] The practical operation and maintenance training module features a comprehensive scoring system that covers factors such as fault location time, analysis path rationality, and multi-protocol collaborative operation standardization. Detailed scoring reports are generated to support teaching feedback and competency assessment. This structured scoring approach breaks away from traditional "result-based" teaching methods, encouraging students to conduct comprehensive diagnostics and logical reasoning throughout the entire process, fostering a practical mindset.

[0043] 6. The present invention supports multi-role remote collaborative simulation, improving the scalability and teaching organization capabilities of the platform;

[0044] The platform supports separate deployment for instructors and students, enabling remote collaborative simulation and teaching control via the cloud, meeting the needs of distributed teaching across multiple locations. Instructors can centrally control simulation status and batch inject faults, while students operate independently and receive simultaneous status changes. This design supports centralized management and flexible expansion of teaching resources, making it particularly suitable for large-scale technical schools or corporate training systems.

[0045] 7. The present invention realizes unified protocol parsing, field mapping and response management by introducing a protocol conversion engine;

[0046] The platform has a built-in protocol conversion engine that integrates a protocol syntax parser, a field mapping rule library, and an asynchronous response processing queue, ensuring the consistency and accuracy of communication logic between different protocols, improving the response simulation accuracy in cross-protocol scenarios, and providing technical support for the reliability of simulation results.

[0047] 8. This invention enhances the platform's engineering adaptability and expansion capabilities;

[0048] The designed platform can not only be used for teaching, but also can realize configuration verification, training evaluation and operation logic simulation of new or operating sites by importing on-site substation data. It has good practicality and promotion prospects. It can be used as a primary platform for building the "digital twin" of substations, providing a model basis for subsequent smart grid operation and maintenance systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying any creative work.

[0050] Figure 1 This is the overall architecture diagram of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 It is the workflow diagram of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0053] Reference Figures 1-2 This first embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform. Deployed entirely within a local area network or cloud platform architecture, it includes a teacher control terminal, student simulation terminals, a protocol conversion relay server, and a database service unit. The platform operates through a web-based visualization interface that supports cross-terminal login and operation.

[0054] The platform mainly includes the following functional modules:

[0055] Virtual topology modeling module;

[0056] Visual conversion link configuration module;

[0057] Teaching driven engine;

[0058] Communication link monitoring and teaching tools;

[0059] Operation and maintenance practical training module;

[0060] Semi-physical data import module;

[0061] Multi-role remote collaboration subsystem;

[0062] Protocol conversion and mapping rule base.

[0063] Virtual Topology Modeling Module: This module presents the substation's main wiring structure and communication network structure through a graphical modeling interface. Users can add the following typical power equipment by dragging and dropping:

[0064] Electrical equipment: circuit breakers, disconnectors, CTs, PTs, busbars;

[0065] IED equipment: protection devices, measurement and control terminals, communication servers;

[0066] Communication components: switches, routers, protocol conversion gateways, etc.

[0067] It supports setting the protocol type (such as IEC 61850, Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP, GOOSE, etc.) in the device properties panel and automatically generates a simulation model bound to it in the topology diagram.

[0068] After the modeling is completed, the equipment list, communication mapping table, and SCL (Substation Configuration Language) structured file are automatically generated.

[0069] Visual conversion link configuration module: Students use this module to configure the communication link connection relationship during simulation operations. The platform provides the following interface elements:

[0070] Topology map interaction

[0071] The "device nodes" and "link cables" on the topology map can be connected by dragging;

[0072] When the protocol types of the two devices are inconsistent, the system automatically pops up the "Protocol Relay Configuration Interface" to allow settings:

[0073] Source and target protocol types (e.g. GOOSE → Modbus);

[0074] Data field mapping rules (e.g. "CB status" in GOOSE corresponds to Modbus address 0x02);

[0075] Communication delay parameters and periodic synchronization strategies (e.g., 1 conversion per second);

[0076] Protocol conversion engine implementation:

[0077] The trunk configuration function is implemented through a built-in protocol conversion engine, which includes:

[0078] Protocol syntax parser: performs structured parsing of GOOSE, Modbus and other data packets, extracting key fields (such as stNum and sqNum in GOOSE messages);

[0079] Field mapping rule library: pre-set common conversion templates (such as IEC 61850MMS→Modbus register mapping table), and support for importing custom rules in JSON format;

[0080] Conversion buffer queue: Data buffer when processing asynchronous protocol responses to ensure the real-time performance of high-priority messages (such as protection trip GOOSE).

[0081] 3. Status Monitoring

[0082] Each relay node acts as a virtual protocol gateway, and its conversion status (such as queue backlog, mapping error) is displayed in real time on the link monitoring interface.

[0083] Teaching driving engine:

[0084] This module controls the simulation process to execute in a preset order by loading the standard teaching script file (in *.scn or *.xml format):

[0085] Example 1: Closing operation simulation process

[0086] The instructor defines the process: → Switching command → Simulated GOOSE sending → Virtual circuit breaker closing → Status feedback;

[0087] Students need to complete the corresponding operation sequence on the interface, and the system will compare their operation steps with the preset process in real time; Example 2: Fault Response Process

[0088] Inject a busbar overcurrent fault;

[0089] Trainees need to read protection trip information through simulated IED equipment;

[0090] The simulation platform generates GOOSE messages and SV sampling value data to drive the virtual circuit breaker to trip.

[0091] The engine supports importing real substation log files (such as IEC 61850 message logs and Modbus communication packet capture), driving virtual device responses, simulating real substation protocol layer behaviors, and enhancing the authenticity of simulation scenarios.

[0092] Communication link monitoring and teaching tools:

[0093] This module is a tool for monitoring the protocol data link status during the teaching process:

[0094] In the topology interface, the real-time status of each communication link is represented by color (green: normal, yellow: congested, red: interrupted);

[0095] Click the link to expand the following content:

[0096] Current protocol type;

[0097] Data frame structure and field parsing results;

[0098] Current bit error rate, delay, and frame loss;

[0099] In teaching mode, when the system detects a link anomaly (such as the number of GOOSE retransmissions exceeds the threshold), the system automatically pops up a prompt to guide students to analyze the problem.

[0100] This tool supports "frame-by-frame playback" and "protocol comparison mode", which makes it easy to explain the communication content byte by byte during teaching.

[0101] Operation and maintenance practical training module:

[0102] For intermediate and advanced training, the platform supports practical operation and maintenance simulation scenarios:

[0103] The instructor can randomly inject the following fault types into the topology graph:

[0104] GOOSE interruption, SV waveform disorder, Modbus reading error, RTU downtime, etc.

[0105] Students need to troubleshoot problems based on protocol logs and topology structures;

[0106] Each student's operation is automatically recorded and an "operation record trajectory diagram" and a "protocol analysis path diagram" are generated;

[0107] The platform scoring mechanism includes the following dimensions:

[0108] Fault location time;

[0109] Analyze whether the paths and steps are reasonable;

[0110] Operational standardization between agreements;

[0111] Whether the response step is omitted.

[0112] Scoring results are generated in the form of charts and reports (PDF export is supported).

[0113] Semi-physical data import module:

[0114] The platform uses a protocol adapter to drive real data and virtual simulation. The specific process is as follows:

[0115] 1. Data input

[0116] Support SCD files (substation configuration), COMTRADE (fault recording), and PCAP (protocol packet capture);

[0117] 2. Protocol conversion engine linkage

[0118] The imported SCD file is deconstructed by the protocol syntax parser to generate the protocol binding relationship of the virtual device;

[0119] The PCAP file is replayed by timestamp through the conversion cache queue to simulate the real communication timing;

[0120] 3. Drive response

[0121] The converted standardized data stream drives the virtual device to produce equivalent behavior (such as GOOSE link disconnection triggering protection action).

[0122] Multi-role collaborative simulation subsystem:

[0123] To meet the needs of large-scale teaching scenarios, the platform supports multi-terminal, cross-role, and remote collaborative operation modes:

[0124] The instructor can remotely view the simulation status of all students;

[0125] Supports unified fault injection and multi-point test question arrangement;

[0126] The student end can synchronously receive the simulation process status and complete the operation independently;

[0127] The cloud server records all operation logs and supports statistical analysis and horizontal comparison.

[0128] In this embodiment:

[0129] The "Multi-protocol Interactive Intelligent Substation Simulation Teaching and Operation and Maintenance Platform" provided by this invention boasts significant technological innovation and engineering practicality. Its implementation and functional integration not only transcend the limitations of existing simulation platforms, but also, through the synergy between core modules, offers systemic advantages in teaching effectiveness, in-depth operation and maintenance training, and the authenticity of protocol interactions. Compared with traditional teaching simulation platforms, this invention offers structural improvements in key technical aspects such as protocol heterogeneity, interactive logic authenticity, and teaching process drive.

[0130] First, the platform has established a virtual topology modeling mechanism that supports dynamic multi-protocol mapping. Through a modular modeling interface, users can quickly build a simulation network with logical consistency and communication protocol compatibility based on objects such as electrical equipment, IEDs, and communication components. Through property settings, they can generate automatically bound communication behavior models. This modeling approach balances structural modeling with protocol configuration, significantly lowering the configuration threshold for substation communication system simulation and avoiding the issues inherent in traditional simulation platforms, such as the separation of modeling and communication configuration, poor coupling, and low efficiency.

[0131] Secondly, the present invention innovatively introduces a "visual conversion link configuration module" to support real-time configuration and dynamic adjustment of interaction rules between multiple heterogeneous protocols in the communication topology diagram, significantly enhancing the platform's protocol adaptability and interaction transparency. The system works in tandem with components such as the protocol syntax parser, field mapping rule library, and conversion cache queue to achieve structured parsing, template mapping, and high-real-time cache scheduling for key messages such as GOOSE, Modbus, and SV. This design not only ensures the accuracy and real-time performance of cross-protocol conversion, but also supports user-defined field rules, avoiding the rigidity problems caused by fixed mapping methods in actual engineering applications, and significantly improving the openness and scalability of the simulation platform.

[0132] The teaching-driven engine, the core control module of the teaching process, breaks through the limitations of traditional "passive response simulation" and provides a "process-based simulation teaching" mechanism driven by the teacher and followed by the students. By pre-arranging simulation scenarios through standardized script files, the platform can simulate typical operating procedures and fault response chains, enabling operation path comparison, error prompts, and trajectory backtracking during the teaching process. This mechanism effectively integrates teaching objectives and simulation behaviors, making the teaching process more systematic and feedback-based, and improving training efficiency and learning outcomes.

[0133] The communication link monitoring and teaching tool further demonstrates the present invention's technological innovation in "protocol visualization." Through visual identification of link status, frame-by-frame data analysis and comparison, and automatic notification of protocol anomalies, the platform enables students to gain a deep understanding of the microscopic mechanisms of the communication process during simulation, particularly the real-time monitoring and behavioral analysis of protection action messages (such as GOOSE). This type of monitoring capability significantly surpasses the drawback of traditional platforms that only allow for observation of results and lack support for detailed data tracing, and is a key support for achieving "explainable simulation teaching."

[0134] Furthermore, the Operations and Maintenance (O&M) training module integrates fault injection, operation logging, and scoring feedback, enabling in-depth drills and assessments for real-world O&M scenarios. The system supports the injection and response tracking of typical faults, such as communication link interruptions, false message injection, and device downtime. This allows students to hone their diagnostic and emergency response skills in complex and ever-changing system environments, demonstrating high relevance and practical value.

[0135] More notably, the introduction of a "Hard-in-the-Loop Data Import Module" and a "Multi-Role Collaborative Simulation Subsystem" significantly enhances the platform's capabilities in real-world data-driven and remote collaborative teaching. The former supports importing data in formats such as SCD, PCAP, and COMTRADE from real substation systems and drives the simulation process, achieving a high degree of integration between virtual simulation and engineering practice. The latter ensures collaborative control and remote drills across different teaching terminals, making it suitable for diverse training scenarios such as distributed teaching and online competitions in the power industry.

[0136] In summary, the present invention innovates in simulation platform design around key dimensions such as "multi-protocol parsing and conversion," "teaching process drive," "real-world fault simulation," and "remote collaborative teaching." Its core technical features not only demonstrate systematic cross-protocol collaboration solutions, but also achieve a deep integration of teaching content, simulation accuracy, and engineering practicality, resulting in significant technological breakthroughs and remarkable technical effects. Compared with existing technologies, the overall solution's architectural design, functional module collaboration, and protocol processing mechanism significantly enhance the intelligence level of substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance training.

[0137] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Reference can be made to the common and similar parts between the various embodiments. For the devices disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method description.

[0138] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform, characterized by: include: Virtual topology modeling module, used to construct the main wiring diagram and communication network topology of the smart substation and establish a virtual device simulation model; Visual conversion link configuration module, used to provide a graphical interactive interface; The teaching drive engine is used to load the preset teaching simulation process, capture the student's operation behavior in real time, and trigger the device response logic and multi-protocol communication interaction; Communication link monitoring and teaching tool, used to dynamically monitor the communication link status, analyze the protocol frame structure and transmission status parameters; The operation and maintenance practical training module is used to simulate failure scenarios based on multi-protocol communication links.

2. A multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The virtual device simulation model supports binding virtual devices to different communication protocol types, including IEC61850, GOOSE, Modbus, and DNP3; virtual devices include circuit breakers, disconnectors, current transformers, voltage transformers, protection devices, measurement and control terminals, and communication gateways.

3. A multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform according to claim 2, characterized in that: The protocol relay configuration interface supports custom conversion rules, including: protocol type conversion, data field mapping table and conversion delay parameter settings.

4. A multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protocol relay configuration interface is implemented through a built-in protocol conversion engine, which includes: a protocol syntax parser for deconstructing source protocol packets; a field mapping rule library with pre-set common conversion templates; and a conversion cache queue for processing asynchronous protocol responses.

5. A multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The teaching drive engine imports the communication log of the real substation through the semi-physical interface, drives the virtual device model to generate responses, and the response logic is consistent with the protocol behavior of the real device.

6. A multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform according to claim 5, characterized in that: The semi-physical interface supports the import of substation data in SCD file or COMTRADE format, and converts it into drive signals that can be recognized by the simulation equipment through the protocol adapter.

7. A multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The graphical interactive interface allows users to configure communication links between devices by dragging and dropping. When the devices connected by the link use different protocol types, the protocol relay configuration interface is automatically triggered, allowing users to set intermediate protocol conversion methods, field mapping rules and communication parameters.

8. The multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Analyzes protocol frame structure and transmission status parameters including bit error rate, frame loss rate, and response delay, and outputs interactive teaching prompt information when abnormal events are detected.

9. The multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: Instructors can inject faults and record students' troubleshooting paths, operation steps, and response results, and output scoring reports based on preset standards.

10. The multi-protocol interactive intelligent substation simulation teaching and operation and maintenance platform according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scoring report of the operation and maintenance practical training module includes: fault location time; correctness of the protocol anomaly analysis path; and normative evaluation of multi-protocol collaborative operations.

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