Antenna and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to an antenna and electronic equipment, and the antenna comprises a plurality of oscillators which are sequentially arranged along a first direction, a pixelated conductor region is arranged between adjacent oscillators, the pixelated conductor region comprises an anti-phase region, and the anti-phase region is divided into a plurality of first grids which are arranged in an array and are used for filling conductors; parts of the first grids in the anti-phase area are provided with conductors to form phase inverters, and whether the conductors are arranged on different grids (0 or 1) in the anti-phase area or not is adjusted and optimized through algorithm coding, so that the design and adjustment and optimization of the antenna are simplified.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of antenna technology, and in particular relates to an antenna and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] Traditional high-gain antennas typically use continuous copper areas to characterize the antenna's configuration. These continuous copper areas are primarily closed polygons, and a dozen or more dimensional parameters (such as the length and width of a rectangle) are often required to fully describe the antenna's configuration. When designing and tuning the antenna, designers must iterate through trial and error on these and other dimensional parameters to achieve optimal performance. This complex antenna design and tuning method relies heavily on expert experience and often fails to achieve the antenna's performance ceiling. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide an antenna and an electronic device, aiming to solve the problem of complex design and tuning methods of traditional antennas.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna comprising a plurality of oscillators arranged in sequence along a first direction, a pixelated conductor region being arranged between adjacent oscillators, the pixelated conductor region comprising an inversion region, the inversion region being divided into a plurality of first grids arranged in an array for filling conductors, and conductors being set in some of the first grids in the inversion region to form an inverter.

[0005] In some embodiments, the pixelated conductor area further includes a transition region, which is connected between the inversion region and the adjacent vibrator. The transition region is divided into a plurality of second grids arranged in an array and used to fill with conductors. Conductors are set in some of the second grids in the transition region to form a current guiding portion, and the current guiding portion is used to configure a current path for the connected inversion region and the vibrator.

[0006] In some embodiments, the length of the second grid in the first direction is greater than the length of the first grid in the first direction; and / or

[0007] The length of the second grid in the second direction is not less than the length of the first grid in the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0008] In some embodiments, when two adjacent sub-grids are arranged diagonally and the sub-grids on both sides of the diagonal are not provided with conductors, the diagonals of the two adjacent sub-grids overlap, and the two adjacent sub-grids are the first grids provided with conductors or the second grids both provided with conductors.

[0009] In some embodiments, at least one of the transition regions includes a first transition sub-region and a second transition sub-region, and the second grid of conductors in the first transition sub-region and the second grid of conductors in the second transition sub-region are axially symmetrical and connected to each other.

[0010] In some embodiments, the symmetry arrangement has an axis of symmetry parallel to the first direction.

[0011] In some embodiments, at least one inversion region includes a plurality of inversion sub-regions, the plurality of inversion sub-regions are arranged continuously along the first direction, and the patterns formed by the first grids of conductors arranged in the plurality of inversion sub-regions are the same.

[0012] In some embodiments, the pattern formed by the inverted sub-region includes a first sub-pattern and a second sub-pattern, the first sub-pattern and the second sub-pattern are centrally symmetrical and interconnected, and are arranged along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0013] In some embodiments, the inversion region further includes a continuous portion, the continuous portion spanning two adjacent inversion sub-regions, and the continuous portion is respectively connected to the patterns in the two adjacent inversion sub-regions.

[0014] In some embodiments, the antenna resonates in a first frequency band, the first frequency band includes a plurality of continuous sub-frequency bands, and the plurality of oscillators resonate in the plurality of sub-frequency bands respectively.

[0015] In some embodiments, the sizes of the vibrators along the first direction are unequal, the sizes of the vibrators along the second direction are unequal, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

[0016] In some embodiments, a substrate is included, and the antenna is formed on the substrate.

[0017] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device comprising the antenna as described above.

[0018] Compared with the related art, the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects: the antenna includes a plurality of oscillators arranged in sequence along a first direction, a pixelated conductor area is provided between adjacent oscillators, the pixelated conductor area includes an inversion region, the inversion region is divided into a plurality of first grids arranged in an array and used to fill with conductors, some of the first grids in the inversion region are provided with conductors to form an inverter, the inverter is used to suppress a reverse current that flows in a direction opposite to the current in the oscillator, and the design and tuning of the antenna are simplified by algorithm encoding and tuning whether conductors are provided in different grids in the inversion region (0 or 1). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1A schematic diagram of the structure of a 2.4G antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a 2.4G antenna module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of a 5G antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a 5G antenna module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the correspondence between a grid provided in an embodiment of the present application and a grid on which conductors are arranged;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a curve showing the change in the number of iterations and antenna simulation performance provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 7 A schematic diagram showing the correspondence between diagonally arranged grids and a grid on which conductors are arranged, provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the correspondence between the grid in the transition region and the current guiding portion provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the current path for a conventional antenna configuration with an asymmetrical arrangement;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a current distribution diagram of the antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application operating at 5.4 GHz;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a current distribution diagram of the antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application operating at 5.9 GHz;

[0030] Figure 12 This is a distribution diagram of two resonance peaks of the antenna provided in one embodiment of the present application operating in the 5-6 GHz frequency band;

[0031] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of a traditional antenna without a coding transition region operating at a single resonance peak in the 5-6 GHz frequency band;

[0032] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of a grid of an inversion zone provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 15 for Figure 14 A schematic structural diagram of an inverter formed by arranging conductors in a grid shown;

[0034] Figure 16 A schematic structural diagram of a grid in an inversion region and a corresponding grid in which a conductor is provided, provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the current path of an asymmetrically arranged antenna configuration provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 18 A schematic structural diagram of a grid in an inversion region and a corresponding grid in which a conductor is provided, provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 19 for Figure 18 A schematic structural diagram of an inverter formed by arranging conductors in a grid shown;

[0038] Figure 20 A schematic diagram of the current path of an inverter formed by an asymmetrically arranged antenna configuration provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 21 An antenna design / tuning method is provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by this application more clearly understood, this application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0041] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being “fixed on” or “disposed on” another element, it may be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being “connected to” another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0042] It should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0043] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features indicated. Thus, a feature specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0044] Traditional antenna design methods are limited by the form of closed polygons, significantly limiting the current and electric field distribution within the antenna radiator, or the number of antenna modes. While designers can introduce discontinuities (such as truncated corners, steps, teardrop shapes, and truncation) to enrich the antenna's operating modes, this approach is not universally applicable. Especially in the design of high-gain antennas, it is prone to falling into local optimality, ultimately resulting in bandwidth performance deficiencies for high-gain antennas. The limited number of antenna modes makes it difficult to achieve acceptable performance across a continuous wide bandwidth.

[0045] High-gain antennas are typically larger due to their larger apertures, with the longest physical dimension often exceeding twice the wavelength. This length scale, when applied to the antenna's copper area, results in gridding / pixelation, which can lead to excessive coding, an overly large antenna configuration solution space, and difficulty in algorithm convergence.

[0046] One embodiment of this application proposes a rod-shaped, high-gain, omnidirectional antenna suitable for home routers based on a pixel antenna approach. This approach improves antenna performance and enhances antenna design and tuning efficiency through a rational grid / pixel layout. It also proposes an antenna tuning method suitable for high-gain pixel antennas.

[0047] See also Figures 1 to 4 , Figure 1 The diagram shows the structure of a 2.4G Wi-Fi antenna. Figure 3 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a 5G Wi-Fi antenna. One embodiment of the present application provides an antenna 100, comprising a plurality of oscillators 11i arranged in sequence along a first direction x, where i is a, b, c, or d. A pixelated conductor region 102 is provided between adjacent oscillators 11i. The pixelated conductor region 102 includes an inversion region 12. The inversion region 12 is divided into a plurality of first grids 121 arranged in an array and filled with conductors. Conductors are provided in some of the first grids 121 of the inversion region 12 to form an inverter 122.

[0048] The inverter 122 is used to suppress the reverse current that flows in the opposite direction to the current in the dipole 11i, thereby achieving in-phase superposition of the radiation field and improving the antenna gain.

[0049] For example, see Figure 1 , the antenna 100 includes two oscillators 11i, namely the first oscillator 11a and the second oscillator 11b. For example, see Figure 3 Antenna 100 includes four oscillators 11i: a first oscillator 11a, a second oscillator 11b, a third oscillator 11c, and a fourth oscillator 11d. In other embodiments, the number of oscillators 11i in antenna 100 can be an integer greater than two. Antenna 100 is formed on substrate 101. The oscillators 11i and inverter 122 of antenna 100 are formed of copper.

[0050] Inverting region 12 is pixelated using a gridding method, with 0 / 1 bits used to indicate whether different first grids 121 within inverting region 12 are provided with a conductor, such as copper cladding on a circuit substrate. An algorithm is used to optimize the bit sequence describing inverting region 12 to improve antenna 100 performance.

[0051] Please continue reading Figure 1 In some embodiments, the pixelated conductor region 102 further includes a transition region 13a / 13b, which is connected between the inversion region 12 and the adjacent vibrator 11i. The transition region 13a / 13b is divided into a plurality of second grids 131 arranged in an array and used to be filled with conductors. Conductors are set in some of the second grids 131 in the transition region 13a / 13b to form a current guiding portion 132. The current guiding portion 132 is used to configure a current (conduction) path for the connected inversion region 12 and vibrator 11i.

[0052] The transition region 13a / 13b is loaded between the inversion region 12 and the oscillator 11i. Its function is to provide the antenna 100 with a richer current path from the oscillator 11i region to the inversion region 12 through the coding optimization design of the transition region 13a / 13b (specifically the current guiding part 132), thereby improving the overall bandwidth performance of the antenna 100.

[0053] The transition region 13a (specifically the current guiding portion 132) is connected between the first vibrator 11a and the inverter 122, and the transition region 13b is connected between the inverter 122 and the second vibrator 11b. The connection relationships of other transition regions are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0054] Adjacent first and second oscillators 11a and 11b are linearly connected by transition regions 13a, inversion regions 12, and transition regions 13b. This region division method fully utilizes the layout space of substrate 101 and improves the radiation aperture of antenna 100. Specifically, transition regions 13a / 13b and inversion region 12 are pixelated using a gridding method, with 0 / 1 bits used to indicate whether different grids in transition regions 13a / 13b and inversion region 12 contain conductors. An algorithm is used to optimize the bit sequence describing transition regions 13a / 13b and inversion region 12 to achieve improved performance of antenna 100.

[0055] See also Figure 21 This paper demonstrates the optimization design process for a high-gain antenna according to one embodiment of the present application. This process utilizes algorithms for continuous optimization problems, such as genetic algorithms, to optimize the continuous dimension parameters representing the oscillator region. It also utilizes algorithms for binary optimization problems, such as differential binary algorithms, to optimize the pixel encoding representing the inversion and transition regions. By combining algorithms for both continuous and binary discrete solution spaces, the goal of rapidly optimizing antenna performance is achieved.

[0056] In some embodiments, antenna simulation software, such as CST and HFSS, can be used to set the conductor state information (or copper cladding state information) of the grid (i.e., the first grid 121 and / or the second grid 131) of the divided pixelated conductor area 102 (or copper cladding design area), and import the antenna model with the copper cladding state information into the simulation software, set simulation parameters such as the operating frequency and boundary conditions, and run the simulation to obtain performance results; according to the performance indicators in the simulation results, the copper cladding state information of the grid is adjusted. For example, if the gain does not meet the requirements, the shape of the inversion region 12 and the transition region 13a / 13b can be adjusted by changing the grid copper cladding information, and the current path can be further adjusted to achieve a better effect of suppressing the reverse current and thereby improve the gain; the length and width of the oscillator 11i can also be adjusted to improve the impedance matching on the current path within the operating frequency band, thereby enhancing the radiation efficiency of the antenna 100 and improving the gain performance.

[0057] After each adjustment to the copper-clad design area's copper-clad status, re-simulate the calculation until all performance indicators meet preset requirements. In a possible implementation, the total size of the copper-clad design area, the size of a single grid, and the number of grids within the copper-clad design area can be continuously adjusted during the optimization process until the antenna simulation performance meets preset requirements.

[0058] When adjusting the copper-clad state information of the grid, a corresponding algorithm may be used for global optimization to improve the optimization efficiency of the antenna performance.

[0059] In some embodiments, when simulating the set conductor state information of the grid, the copper cladding information matrix corresponding to the copper cladding state information of the grid can be predetermined, each element in the copper cladding information matrix corresponds one-to-one to the grid, and the position of the element in the copper cladding information matrix corresponds one-to-one to the grid, including the position of the element in the copper cladding information matrix, which corresponds one-to-one to the position of the grid, and the value of the element in the copper cladding information matrix, which corresponds one-to-one to the copper cladding state information of the grid.

[0060] like Figure 5 In the diagram showing the correspondence between the grid and the copper pour information matrix, the positions of the elements in the copper pour information matrix correspond one-to-one with the positions of the grids. This includes the row and column values of the elements in the copper pour information matrix, which correspond to the rows and columns of the grids in the copper pour design area. For example, the element in row 3, column 4 of the copper pour information matrix corresponds to the grid in row 3, column 4 of the copper pour design area.

[0061] The values of the elements in the copper pour information matrix correspond one-to-one with the copper pour status information of the grid. This means that the values of the elements in the copper pour information matrix can be used to represent the copper pour status information of the grid at the corresponding position. For example, the copper pour status information of the grid is usually represented by a binary number, with 1 indicating copper pour and 0 indicating no copper pour. If the grid in the 3rd row and 4th column of the copper pour design area is in the copper pour state, then the element in the 3rd row and 4th column of the copper pour information matrix is "1", indicating that the grid is in the copper pour state.

[0062] It can be seen that representing the copper coating status information in matrix form is convenient for inputting into the simulation model for calculation and analysis.

[0063] Based on the antenna simulation performance, the copper cladding state information of the grid is adjusted, and the antenna simulation performance of the adjusted copper cladding state information is re-simulated and calculated, and multiple adjustments and simulations are performed until the antenna simulation performance meets the preset requirements, such as Figure 6 In the schematic diagram of the curve showing the number of iterations and the change in antenna simulation performance, the increase in antenna simulation performance gradually decreases as the number of iterations increases. Therefore, embodiments of the present application can monitor the number of iterations, or determine that the antenna simulation performance meets the preset requirements if the gain change amplitude for a predetermined number of consecutive times is less than a predetermined amplitude threshold.

[0064] See also Figures 1 to 4 In some embodiments, the antenna 100 resonates in a first frequency band, which includes multiple consecutive sub-bands. The multiple oscillators 11i resonate in the multiple sub-bands. In some embodiments, the dimensions of the oscillators 11i along the first direction x are unequal, and the dimensions of the oscillators 11i along the second direction y are unequal. The first direction x and the second direction y are perpendicular to each other.

[0065] For example, the lengths (i.e., the dimensions along the first direction x) of the first vibrator 11a, the second vibrator 11b, the third vibrator 11c, and the second vibrator 11d are described as Lz1, Lz2, Lz3, and Lz4, and the widths (i.e., the dimensions along the second direction y) are described as Wz1, Wz2, Wz3, and Wz4, respectively. The above length and width dimension parameters are optimized and configured through an algorithm to make the dimension parameters of different vibrators 11i differentiated (i.e., Lz1≠Lz2≠Lz3≠Lz4, Wz1≠Wz2≠Wz3≠Wz4), which is beneficial to reduce the reflection of the current of the antenna 100 during the conduction process between the vibrators 11i, and improve the overall impedance matching performance of the antenna 100.

[0066] Exemplarily, each oscillator 11i operates in the 5-6 GHz frequency band, but its length corresponds to half the wavelength of different frequency points in the frequency band. For example, the length of the first oscillator 11a corresponds to (approximately equal to) half the wavelength of 5.15 GHz, the length of the second oscillator 11b corresponds to half the wavelength of 5.35 GHz, the length of the third oscillator 11c corresponds to half the wavelength of 5.75 GHz, and the length of the fourth oscillator 11d corresponds to half the wavelength of 5.85 GHz.

[0067] See also Figures 1 to 4 For example, the first dipole 11i includes an upper dipole arm 111 proximal to the second dipole 11b, a lower dipole arm 112 distal to the second dipole 11b, a core pad 113, and an outer conductor pad 114. The upper dipole arm 111 is provided with the core pad 113, which is used to establish an electrical connection with the core of the coaxial cable. The lower dipole arm 112 is provided with the outer conductor pad 114, which is used to establish an electrical connection with the outer conductor of the coaxial cable.

[0068] See also Figure 1 and Figure 3 In some embodiments, the lower dipole arm 112 has a U-shaped structure with its opening facing opposite the first direction x. The length of the U-shaped structure in the first direction x is approximately one-quarter wavelength. The U-shaped structure can act as a balun, facilitating balancing the current intensity of the outer conductor within the coaxial line and reducing the impact of the coaxial line on the radiation of the antenna 100.

[0069] In some embodiments, the upper dipole arm 111 is a closed polygon, and its length in the first direction x is about a quarter wavelength. In this embodiment, the upper dipole arm 111 is a rectangular copper-clad shape.

[0070] In some embodiments, the second, third, and fourth oscillators 11i are all shaped like closed polygons. In this embodiment, the first, second, third, and fourth oscillators 11i are represented by rectangles. Each oscillator 11i has a length in the first direction x of approximately one-half wavelength, enabling the oscillator 11i to resonate within the operating frequency band and radiate energy.

[0071] In some embodiments, the length of the second grid 131 in the first direction x (e.g., length) is greater than the length of the first grid 121 in the first direction x; and / or the length of the second grid 131 in the second direction y (e.g., width) is not less than the length of the first grid 121 in the second direction y, and the first direction x and the second direction y are perpendicular to each other.

[0072] In some embodiments, the granularity of the second grid 131 of the transition zone 13a / 13b (which can be understood as size) is coarser than the granularity of the first grid 121 of the inversion zone 12. Exemplarily, the length and width of the second grid 131 are approximately 0.022λ0 (λ0 is the free space wavelength), and the length and width of the first grid 121 are approximately 0.011λ0, which is approximately half of the second grid 131. Therefore, under the same layout size, the number of pixel codes in the transition zone 13a / 13b is only one-fourth of that in the inversion zone 12. By using two coarse and fine grid division strategies, the number of grid codes of the entire pixel antenna 100 can be reduced, the size of the solution space can be reduced, and the time consumption of algorithm optimization can be reduced. In addition, the pixels in the inversion zone 12 are finer, which is conducive to better realizing the function of folding reverse current.

[0073] During the pixelization / grid coding process of the transition region 13a / 13b and the inversion region 12, a diagonal arrangement may appear, such as Figure 7 In some embodiments, when two adjacent subgrids are arranged diagonally and the subgrids on both sides of the diagonal are not provided with conductors, the diagonals of the two adjacent subgrids overlap, and the two adjacent subgrids are the first grid 121 provided with conductors or the second grid 131 both provided with conductors.

[0074] In some embodiments, the minimum machining accuracy for low-cost single-sided and double-sided circuit boards is typically 0.2mm. To prevent disconnection in the diagonally arranged conductor grids during circuit board processing, two diagonally arranged sub-grids are cross-overlapped, with the overlap area being 0.2mm. Different processing techniques have different precisions. Therefore, when arranging pixels in antenna 100, the width L of the overlapping area between the two diagonally arranged conductor grids must be no less than the minimum machining accuracy of the process.

[0075] See also Figure 8In some embodiments, at least one transition region, for example transition region 13a, comprises a first transition sub-region 133 and a second transition sub-region 134. The second grid 131 of conductors in the first transition sub-region 133 and the second grid 131 of conductors in the second transition sub-region 134 are arranged axially symmetrically and interconnected. Because the second grid 131 of conductors in the second transition sub-region 134 is obtained by mirroring the second grid 131 of conductors in the first transition sub-region 133, encoding only needs to be performed on the second grid 131 of the first transition sub-region 133, eliminating the need to encode every transition sub-region, thereby reducing encoding complexity. In some embodiments, the symmetry axis is parallel to the first direction x.

[0076] For example, when designing the transition region 13a / 13b, a transition sub-region is first encoded, and then the transition sub-region is mirror-symmetrically made, and the second transition sub-region 134 obtained by the mirror and the original first transition sub-region 133 are synthesized to obtain a transition region 13a. In this way, the coding complexity of the transition region 13a can be reduced by half, that is, the characterization of the transition region 13a can be completed using the coding of half the area. In addition to reducing the coding complexity, mirror symmetry can also reduce the probability of occurrence of perturbation currents such as detours and foldbacks, so that the antenna 100 configuration pattern in the solution space is regular and the pattern has good roundness. Transition regions that do not use mirror-symmetrical construction are prone to unexpected detours and foldback currents, such as Figure 9 shown.

[0077] In some embodiments, the current guiding portion 132 formed by the transition region 13a is used to connect the vibrator 11a and the inverter 122. For the embodiment of the four vibrators 11i, a total of 8 transition regions 13a need to be configured. The function of the transition region 13a is to form the current guiding portion 132 by optimizing the encoding method of the second grid 131 of the transition region 13a through the algorithm, thereby introducing more current operating modes for the antenna 100 and improving the bandwidth performance of the antenna 100. The number of possible configurations of the current guiding portion 132 of a transition region 13a is 2 N , N is the number of second grids 131 after pixelation of a transition sub-region. By increasing the number of coding bits N in the transition region 13a, the optimal configuration of the current guiding portion 132 can be retrieved within a large solution space, and an antenna configuration that performs well across a wide frequency band can be easily obtained.

[0078] The antenna 100 configuration determines the potential current distribution formats of the antenna 100. Each current distribution format of the antenna 100 corresponds to an operating mode of the antenna 100. The richer the operating modes of the antenna 100, the more resonance points the antenna 100 will have within the operating frequency band, and the better the bandwidth performance. It is understood that the configuration of the current guiding portion 132 in the embodiments of the present application can determine all or part of the current distribution format of the antenna 100.

[0079] Figure 10 and Figure 11 The current distribution of an optimized transition region 13a / 13b at 5.4 GHz and 5.9 GHz is characterized respectively. It can be observed that the introduction of the transition region 13a / 13b makes 5.4 GHz and 5.9 GHz present two different current distribution modes, realizing the multi-mode operation of the antenna 100 in the 5G frequency band. Furthermore, in terms of gain bandwidth performance, the distribution of two resonance peaks in the 5-6 GHz frequency band is presented, as shown in FIG. Figure 12 As shown; Under the same design constraints, based on the traditional design without the coding transition zone, only a single resonance peak can be obtained, and the bandwidth performance is significantly weaker than the antenna of the embodiment of the present application after coding, such as Figure 13 As shown, the introduction of the transition region 13a / 13b increases the potential current distribution of the antenna 100 within the operating frequency band of the antenna 100, thereby increasing the operating modes of the antenna 100 and achieving multi-mode and broadband operating characteristics of the antenna 100.

[0080] In some embodiments, the function of the inverting region 12 is to fold the reverse current components in the high-gain antenna 100, ensuring that the unidirectional currents of each element 11i can be superimposed in the far field to achieve high gain. The inverting region 12 is also derived based on pixel coding, that is, the copper-clad area is gridded and then a 0 / 1 bit is used to indicate whether different grids are copper-clad. In the development of the high-gain antenna 100, the inverting region 12 has the problem of large copper-clad area, large number of grids, large number of codes, and difficult algorithm optimization convergence.

[0081] See also Figure 14 In some embodiments, at least one inversion region 12 includes a plurality of inversion sub-regions 126 , which are arranged continuously along the first direction x, and the patterns 127 formed by the first grids 121 of conductors provided in the plurality of inversion sub-regions 126 are the same.

[0082] See Figure 14 and Figure 15 In some embodiments, the pattern 127 formed by the inverting sub-region 126 includes a first sub-pattern 127a and a second sub-pattern 127b. The first sub-pattern 127a and the second sub-pattern 127b are centrally symmetrical and connected to each other, and are arranged along the second direction y, and the second direction y is perpendicular to the first direction x.

[0083] See Figure 6 For example, when designing the inverting region 12, first encode an initial sub-region 126a of a small area of an inverting sub-region 126 to form a first sub-graph 127a, then rotate the first sub-graph 127a by 180° to obtain a second sub-graph 127b, and arrange the first sub-graph 127a and the second sub-graph 127b along the second direction y and connect them to obtain a parent region graph 127. By rotating the first sub-graph 127a by 180° to obtain the second sub-graph 127b, on the one hand, the encoding complexity is reduced, that is, the number of codes for the corresponding area of the inverting sub-region 126 can be reduced by half; on the other hand, the current flow direction of the inverting sub-region 126 is guided, and the probability of the occurrence of detour and return current is increased, so as to achieve the purpose of folding and suppressing reverse current. The parent region constructed without the rotational symmetry method is prone to unexpected short-distance current, and the current folding effect is poor, such as Figure 17 shown.

[0084] Next, multiple parent region patterns 127 are shifted and spliced along the direction of current conduction (i.e., the first direction x), resulting in the final configuration of the inverting region 12, namely, the inverter 122. Because the inverting region 12 is composed of multiple levels of current-folding parent region patterns 127, it can fold the reverse current multiple times, minimizing the negative impact of the reverse current on the directional pattern gain. Furthermore, the resulting coding complexity of the inverting region 12 remains essentially the same as that of the initial sub-region 126a, significantly reducing the number of codes.

[0085] See Figure 14 and Figure 15 In some embodiments, the inversion region 12 further includes a continuous portion 128 , the continuous portion 128 spanning two adjacent inversion sub-regions 126 , and the continuous portion 128 is respectively connected to the patterns 127 in the two adjacent inversion sub-regions 126 .

[0086] In this embodiment, it is also proposed to add a continuous portion 128 (or mask area) at the splicing position of multiple parent area graphics 127. Exemplarily, the continuous portion 128 is to add copper cladding to the corresponding circuit board area. The continuous portion 128 is placed on the splicing line of two adjacent parent area graphics 127, or arranged on the dividing line of two consecutive inverted sub-areas 126, and spans at least two first grids 121 in terms of the size in the first direction x. The shape of the continuous portion 128 is not restricted. In this embodiment, it is rectangular and symmetrical along the dividing line of two consecutive inverted sub-areas 126. The function of the continuous portion 128 is to add an additional current path to the inverted area 12, and / or the current path of two consecutive adjacent parent area graphics 127, reduce the probability of occurrence of some invalid configurations of current conduction interruption, improve the continuity of current conduction in the inverted area 12, and further compress the size of the possible solution space.

[0087] See Figure 18 and Figure 19 In some embodiments, another method to improve the continuity of current conduction, eliminate invalid configurations of current interruption, and assist in reducing the size of the solution space is that the patterns 127 in two adjacent inverting sub-regions 126 can be set to partially overlap.

[0088] During the duplication, translation, or splicing of parent region graphics 127, two parent region graphics 127 are allowed to overlap, with the width of the overlapping region being no less than the length of one first grid 121. This allows for the formation of continuous conductive paths and / or additional conductive paths, thereby reducing the probability of current interruption during the splicing of parent region graphics 127. For example, if the total length of the parent region is N×m, where N is the number of first grids 121 in the first direction x and m is the length of a first grid 121, then when duplicating and translating the parent region image, the translation distance is set to be less than or equal to (N-1)×m. This allows for the creation of overlapping parent regions.

[0089] See also Figure 15 、 Figure 19 and Figure 20 By comparing the current distribution with and without the continuous portion 128, we can see that the continuous portion 128 can make the current after splicing continuous, reducing the current interruption phenomenon that occurs during the copying, translation, and splicing of the parent area. Figure 9 and Figure 20 The “×” in indicates that the continuity of the current or current path is poorer than that of other embodiments, e.g. Figure 9 relatively Figure 8 , Figure 20 relatively Figure 19 .

[0090] The antenna 100 and its design method provided in the embodiment of the present application can greatly reduce the complexity of coding and accelerate the speed of algorithm convergence. Figure 1Taking the antenna shown as an example, using the simplified method proposed in the embodiment of the present application, the number of coding bits in the transition zone 13a / 13b (i.e., the number of second grids 131) can be reduced to one-fourth of the original, and the number of coding bits in the inversion zone 12 (i.e., the number of first grids 121) can be reduced to one-twelfth of the original.

[0091] While reducing the complexity of the coding, the performance upper limit of the antenna 100 is maintained. The coding simplification method proposed in the embodiment of the present application actually eliminates most invalid antenna 100 configurations - such as individuals with discontinuous current interruptions in the inversion region 12 and irregular currents in the transition region 13a / 13b, while retaining configurations with good performance for screening by the optimization algorithm. Based on the antenna 100 obtained by the method provided in the embodiment of the present application, the vibrator 11i can maintain the same-phase current distribution, the current in the transition region 13a / 13b does not detour or fold back, and the current in the inversion region 12 is fully folded and suppressed.

[0092] Based on this current distribution characteristic, the antenna 100 proposed in this proposal has an excellent characteristic of high gain.

[0093] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of vibrators arranged in sequence along a first direction, a pixelated conductor region is provided between adjacent vibrators, the pixelated conductor region comprises an inversion region, the inversion region is divided into a plurality of first grids arranged in an array and used to fill with conductors, and conductors are provided in some of the first grids in the inversion region to form an inverter.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The pixelated conductor area also includes a transition region, which is connected between the inversion region and the adjacent vibrator. The transition region is divided into a plurality of second grids arranged in an array and used to be filled with conductors. Conductors are set in some of the second grids in the transition region to form current guiding portions, and the current guiding portions are used to configure a current path for the connected inversion region and the vibrator.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein The length of the second grid in the first direction is greater than the length of the first grid in the first direction; and / or The length of the second grid in the second direction is not less than the length of the first grid in the second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

4. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein When two adjacent subgrids are arranged diagonally and the subgrids on both sides of the diagonal are not provided with conductors, the diagonals of the two adjacent subgrids overlap, and the two adjacent subgrids are the first grids provided with conductors or the second grids both provided with conductors.

5. The antenna according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that At least one of the transition regions includes a first transition sub-region and a second transition sub-region. The second grid in which the conductors are arranged in the first transition sub-region and the second grid in which the conductors are arranged in the second transition sub-region are axially symmetrical and connected to each other.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, wherein The symmetry axis of the symmetrical arrangement is parallel to the first direction.

7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that At least one inversion region includes a plurality of inversion sub-regions, the plurality of inversion sub-regions are arranged continuously along the first direction, and patterns formed by the first grids of conductors arranged in the plurality of inversion sub-regions are the same.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein The pattern formed by the inverted sub-region includes a first sub-pattern and a second sub-pattern, the first sub-pattern and the second sub-pattern are centrally symmetrical and connected to each other, and are arranged along a second direction, which is perpendicular to the first direction.

9. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein The inversion region further includes a continuous portion, which spans over two adjacent inversion sub-regions and is connected to the patterns in the two adjacent inversion sub-regions, respectively.

10. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The antenna resonates in a first frequency band, the first frequency band includes a plurality of continuous sub-frequency bands, and the plurality of oscillators resonate in the plurality of sub-frequency bands respectively.

11. The antenna according to claim 1 or 10, characterized in that The sizes of the vibrators along the first direction are unequal, the sizes of the vibrators along the second direction are unequal, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other.

12. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein The invention comprises a substrate, on which the antenna is formed.

13. An electronic device, characterized in that: Comprising the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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