Microwave quasi-optical system capable of simultaneously receiving multiple frequency bands

Abstract

The invention discloses a microwave quasi-optical system capable of simultaneously receiving multiple frequency bands. The microwave quasi-optical system comprises a high-pass dichroic filter, a reflecting mirror and a receiving feed source, the high-pass dichroic filter receives an incident wave beam and divides the incident wave beam into wave beams of different microwave frequency bands according to a preset frequency; and the reflecting mirror is used for adjusting the positions of the wave beams of the different microwave frequency bands so as to reflect the wave beams of the different microwave frequency bands to the corresponding receiving feed sources. The microwave quasi-optical system can realize multi-band simultaneous reception of the radio telescope from centimeter wave to millimeter wave, and solves the problems of frequency band switching redundancy, low observation efficiency, insufficient collaborative analysis of data among different frequency bands and the like of a traditional radio telescope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of radio frequency astronomy, and in particular to a microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception. Background Art

[0002] Radio astronomy is a scientific field that studies celestial bodies by receiving radio signals from the universe. With the increasing demand for astronomical observations, the performance requirements for radio telescopes are becoming increasingly stringent, particularly in terms of wide bandwidth, high sensitivity, and simultaneous multi-band reception. Multi-band simultaneous microwave quasi-optical systems are capable of simultaneously receiving and processing microwave signals from multiple frequency bands. They combine microwave and quasi-optical technologies. Microwave technology is widely used in communications, radar, remote sensing, satellites, and other fields, typically operating in the frequency band between 1 GHz and 300 GHz. In these applications, signal reception and processing often require systems with high sensitivity, low noise, and a high dynamic range. In particular, wide-band multi-signal reception requires the receiving system to possess simultaneous reception, modulation and demodulation, spectrum separation, and synthesis capabilities. With the continuous development of wireless communications, satellite communications, radar, and other applications, the requirements for multi-band signal reception capabilities are also becoming increasingly stringent. The increasing allocation and utilization of frequency bands has made traditional single-band receiving equipment inadequate, necessitating the development of multi-band reception technology.

[0003] At present, the simultaneous receiving system is mainly aimed at higher-frequency millimeter-wave observations, and has not yet achieved full-band coverage from centimeter waves (such as L-band, C-band, and X-band) to millimeter waves. This leads to insufficient low-frequency observation capabilities, limits the ability of full-band collaborative observations, and cannot fully utilize the complementarity of low-frequency and high-frequency band data to conduct more comprehensive astrophysical research. Secondly, the lack of low-frequency band observation systems also limits their application in broadband radio astronomy research, such as multi-band joint studies of radio galaxies, pulsars, and interstellar media. In addition, due to the different propagation characteristics and physical mechanisms of low-frequency and high-frequency band signals, the lack of an observation system with full-band coverage makes it difficult to achieve a comprehensive analysis of the radiation mechanism of celestial bodies, thus affecting the realization of scientific goals. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application solve the problems of traditional radio telescope frequency band switching redundancy, low observation efficiency, and insufficient collaborative analysis of data between different frequency bands by providing a microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present application provides a microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception, comprising: a high-pass dichroic filter, a reflector, and a receiving feed;

[0006] The high-pass dichroic filter receives an incident beam and divides the incident beam into beams of different microwave frequency bands according to a preset frequency;

[0007] A reflector adjusts the positions of the beams of different microwave frequency bands to reflect the beams of different microwave frequency bands to the corresponding receiving feed sources.

[0008] Preferably, the reflector includes a plane mirror and an ellipsoidal mirror;

[0009] The plane mirror reflects the beams of the different microwave frequency bands to the ellipsoidal mirror;

[0010] The ellipsoidal mirror focuses the beams of the different microwave frequency bands reflected by the plane mirror, and reflects the focused beams to the corresponding receiving feed sources.

[0011] Preferably, the high-pass dichroic filter includes a first high-pass dichroic filter and a second high-pass dichroic filter, the plane mirror includes a first plane mirror, the ellipsoidal mirror includes a first ellipsoidal mirror and a second ellipsoidal mirror, and the receiving feed includes a first receiving feed and a second receiving feed;

[0012] The first high-pass dichroic filter receives the incident beam and divides the incident beam into a first target beam and a reflected beam, wherein the first target beam is a beam of the incident beam passing through the first high-pass dichroic filter, and the reflected beam is a beam of the incident beam reflected by the first high-pass dichroic filter;

[0013] The first plane mirror receives the first target beam and reflects the first target beam to the first ellipsoidal mirror;

[0014] The first ellipsoidal mirror focuses the first target beam reflected by the plane mirror, and reflects the focused first target beam to the first receiving feed source;

[0015] The second ellipsoidal mirror focuses the reflected light beam reflected by the first high-pass dichroic filter, and reflects the focused beam to the second high-pass dichroic filter, and the portion of the reflected beam that passes through the second high-pass dichroic filter is a second target beam;

[0016] The second receive feed receives the second target beam.

[0017] Preferably, at least one of the following distance conditions is met:

[0018] The distance between the secondary reflective surface and the first high-pass filter reflective surface is 2890 mm, and the first high-pass filter reflective surface is the surface of the first high-pass dichroic filter receiving the incident light beam;

[0019] The distance between the first high-pass filter reflection surface and the first plane reflection surface is 100 mm, and the first plane reflection surface is the surface of the first plane mirror receiving the first target beam;

[0020] The distance between the secondary reflective surface and the first planar reflective surface is 2990 mm;

[0021] The distance between the first plane reflecting surface and the first ellipsoid reflecting surface is 155 mm, and the first ellipsoid reflecting surface is the surface on which the first ellipsoid mirror focuses the first target beam;

[0022] The distance between the first high-pass filter reflection surface and the second ellipsoid reflection surface is 300 mm, and the second ellipsoid reflection surface is the surface on which the second ellipsoid mirror focuses the reflected beam;

[0023] The distance between the first ellipsoidal reflective surface and the first receiving feed source is 353 mm;

[0024] The focal length of the first ellipsoidal reflecting surface is 152.3 mm;

[0025] The caliber of the horn of the first receiving feed source is 11.79 mm.

[0026] Preferably, the plane mirror further includes a second plane mirror, and the ellipsoidal mirror further includes a third ellipsoidal mirror;

[0027] The second plane mirror receives the second target beam and reflects the second target beam to the third ellipsoidal mirror;

[0028] The third ellipsoidal mirror focuses the second target beam reflected by the second plane mirror, and reflects the focused second target beam to the second receiving feed source.

[0029] Preferably, at least one of the following distance conditions is met:

[0030] The distance between the second ellipsoidal reflecting surface and the second plane reflecting surface is 570 mm, and the second plane reflecting surface is the surface on which the second plane mirror receives the second target beam;

[0031] The distance between the second ellipsoidal reflecting surface and the second high-pass filtering surface is 360 mm;

[0032] The distance between the second plane reflecting surface and the third ellipsoid reflecting surface is 210 mm, and the third ellipsoid reflecting surface is the surface on which the third ellipsoidal mirror focuses the second target beam;

[0033] The distance between the third ellipsoidal reflective surface and the second receiving feed source is 144.03 mm;

[0034] The focal length of the second ellipsoidal reflecting surface is 238.5 mm;

[0035] The focal length of the third ellipsoidal reflecting surface is 132.3 mm;

[0036] The horn of the second receiving feed source has a diameter of 18.64 mm.

[0037] Preferably, the receiving feed further includes a third receiving feed, and the portion of the incident beam reflected by the second high-pass dichroic filter is a third target beam;

[0038] The third receive feed receives the third target beam.

[0039] Preferably, the ellipsoidal mirror further includes a fourth ellipsoidal mirror;

[0040] The second high-pass dichroic filter reflects the third target light beam reflected by the second ellipsoidal mirror to the fourth ellipsoidal mirror;

[0041] The fourth ellipsoidal mirror focuses the third target beam reflected by the second high-pass dichroic filter, and reflects the focused third target beam to the third receiving feed.

[0042] Preferably, at least one of the following distance conditions is met:

[0043] The distance between the second high-pass filtering surface and the fourth ellipsoidal reflecting surface is 510 mm, and the fourth ellipsoidal reflecting surface is the surface on which the fourth ellipsoidal mirror focuses the third target beam;

[0044] The distance between the fourth ellipsoidal reflective surface and the third receiving feed source is 381 mm;

[0045] The focal length of the fourth ellipsoidal reflecting surface is 268.6 mm;

[0046] The caliber of the horn of the third receiving feed source is 45.37 mm.

[0047] Preferably, the beams of different microwave frequency bands include at least one of a CX beam, a K beam, and a Q beam;

[0048] When the receiving feed includes a first receiving feed, the receiving frequency of the first receiving feed is 41-45 GHz;

[0049] When the receiving feed includes a second receiving feed, the receiving frequency of the second receiving feed is 20-24 GHz;

[0050] When the receiving feed includes a third receiving feed, the receiving frequency of the third receiving feed is 4-10 GHz.

[0051] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0052] In this embodiment, the received incident beam can be divided into microwaves of different frequency bands by a high-pass dichroic filter, and the positions of microwaves of different frequency bands can be adjusted by a reflector to reflect the beams of different frequency bands to the receiving feed at the corresponding position. On the one hand, interference between different frequency bands can be avoided and the accuracy of signal reception can be improved. On the other hand, the spatial position can also be adjusted as needed, thereby making full use of the spatial position, avoiding interference between different devices, and reducing the assembly volume of the overall microwave quasi-optical system.

[0053] This embodiment can realize a microwave quasi-optical system for radio telescopes to simultaneously receive multiple frequency bands from centimeter waves to millimeter waves, solving the problems of traditional radio telescopes such as redundant frequency band switching, low observation efficiency, and insufficient collaborative analysis of data between different frequency bands. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception in an embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 2 This is a first schematic diagram of the Q-band simulation results in an embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 3 This is a second schematic diagram of the Q-band simulation results in an embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 4 This is a third schematic diagram of the Q-band simulation results in an embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 5 This is a first schematic diagram of the K-band simulation results in an embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Figure 6 This is a second schematic diagram of the K-band simulation results in an embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 7 This is a third schematic diagram of the K-band simulation results in an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 8 This is a first schematic diagram of the CX band simulation results in an embodiment of the present application;

[0063] Figure 9 This is a second schematic diagram of the CX band simulation results in an embodiment of the present application;

[0064] Figure 10 This is a third schematic diagram of the CX band simulation results in an embodiment of the present application.

[0065] The above drawings illustrate specific embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail below. These drawings and the textual description are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, but rather to illustrate the concepts of the present application to those skilled in the art by reference to specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] The embodiments of the present application solve the problems of traditional radio telescope frequency band switching redundancy, low observation efficiency, and insufficient collaborative analysis of data between different frequency bands by providing a microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception.

[0067] To better understand the above technical solutions, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, with examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following description, when referring to the drawings, identical numbers in different drawings represent identical or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments are not intended to represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of devices consistent with certain aspects of the present application, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0068] Millimeter-wave multi-band cryogenic simultaneous receiving systems are a next-generation millimeter-wave receiving technology currently being researched and developed by major international space science and radio astronomy research institutions, as well as aerospace research institutes. Currently, the rapidly expanding multi-band simultaneous receiving systems operate at higher millimeter-wave frequencies. The observation systems of telescopes known to the applicant primarily operate at 22 / 43 / 86 GHz, covering only the millimeter-wave frequency band and unable to meet the needs of broadband observations from centimeter waves to millimeter waves.

[0069] Simultaneously receiving multi-band signals in the 4-45 GHz microwave frequency range presents numerous challenges, including the design of quasi-optical components, spectrum sharing, and interference. When receiving signals from multiple frequency bands simultaneously, how to avoid interference between them and how to effectively utilize spectrum resources remain unresolved.

[0070] This application uses electromagnetic field simulation software and geometric optics software to model, analyze, and predict the optical devices of quasi-optical systems in the three bands of CX / K / Q (where the CX band has a frequency of 4-10 GHz, the K band has a frequency of 20-24 GHz, and the Q band has a frequency of 41-45 GHz). This allows the development of more efficient and accurate electromagnetic simulation algorithms, improving simulation accuracy and speed and shortening product design cycles. Through continuous iterative optimization, the optimal design scheme is gradually approached to realize a low-temperature multi-band microwave quasi-optical system that simultaneously receives microwaves from centimeter waves to millimeter waves (4-45 GHz).

[0071] The present application provides a microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception, comprising: a high-pass dichroic filter, a reflector, and a receiving feed.

[0072] The high-pass dichroic filter receives the incident beam from the telescope and divides the incident beam into beams of different microwave frequency bands according to a preset frequency. In this embodiment, a dichroic filter of a preset frequency can be selected as needed, thereby distinguishing the preset beams by transmitting the preset frequency band and reflecting the non-preset frequency band. In some specific embodiments, multiple high-pass dichroic filters can be included, such as a high-pass dichroic filter that filters out centimeter waves (CX band, 4-10 GHz) and millimeter waves (K / Q band, 20-24 / 41-45 GHz); or two high-pass dichroic filters that filter out the CX band (4-10 GHz), the K band (20-24 GHz), and the Q band (41-45 GHz).

[0073] In this embodiment, the reflectors adjust the positions of beams in different microwave frequency bands to reflect them to corresponding receiving feeds. Specifically, the reflectors can correspond to the receiving feeds. For example, when it is necessary to filter out both the CX band and the K / Q band simultaneously, reflectors corresponding to the CX band and the K / Q band can be provided, and their positions can be adjusted to prevent interference between them. For another example, when it is necessary to filter out the CX band, the K band, and the Q band simultaneously, reflectors corresponding to the CX band, the K band, and the Q band can be provided, and their positions can be adjusted to prevent interference between them.

[0074] It should be understood that the number of reflectors can be selected according to actual conditions. For different microwave frequency bands, multiple reflectors can be set up so that the differentiated microwave frequency bands can be reflected multiple times to the corresponding receiving feed sources, thereby maximizing the use of spatial position while avoiding mutual interference between the various microwave frequency bands.

[0075] In this embodiment, the spatial positions of different microwave frequency bands can be changed by using a reflector to avoid interference between different frequency bands so that different frequency bands can be received by corresponding receiving feed sources.

[0076] In this embodiment, the received incident beam can be divided into microwaves of different frequency bands by a high-pass dichroic filter, and the positions of microwaves of different frequency bands can be adjusted by a reflector to reflect the beams of different frequency bands to the receiving feed at the corresponding position. On the one hand, interference between different frequency bands can be avoided and the accuracy of signal reception can be improved. On the other hand, the spatial position can also be adjusted as needed, thereby making full use of the spatial position, avoiding interference between different devices, and reducing the assembly volume of the overall microwave quasi-optical system.

[0077] This embodiment can realize a microwave quasi-optical system for radio telescopes to simultaneously receive multiple frequency bands from centimeter waves to millimeter waves, solving the problems of traditional radio telescopes such as redundant frequency band switching, low observation efficiency, and insufficient collaborative analysis of data between different frequency bands.

[0078] In this embodiment, the type of reflector can be selected according to actual needs. In some specific implementations, the reflector can include both a plane mirror and an ellipsoidal mirror. In some cases, the plane mirror can reflect the beam transmitted or reflected by the high-pass dichroic filter to the ellipsoidal mirror. The ellipsoidal mirror can focus the beams of different microwave frequency bands reflected by the plane mirror and reflect the focused beams to the corresponding receiving feeds. In other cases, the ellipsoidal mirror can also focus the beam transmitted or reflected by the high-pass dichroic filter to the corresponding receiving feeds. In this embodiment, through the cooperation of the plane mirror and the ellipsoidal mirror, on the one hand, the beam can be focused while fully utilizing the accommodation space, thereby improving the signal reception efficiency. On the other hand, the material cost is also reduced to a certain extent.

[0079] The following is a specific example to illustrate the microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception in this embodiment. Figure 1 As shown, the high-pass dichroic filter includes a first high-pass dichroic filter F1 and a second high-pass dichroic filter F2, the plane mirror includes a first plane mirror M1, the ellipsoidal mirror includes a first ellipsoidal mirror M2 and a second ellipsoidal mirror M3, and the receiving feed includes a first receiving feed and a second receiving feed.

[0080] The first high-pass dichroic filter F1 receives the incident beam and divides the incident beam into a first target beam and a reflected beam. The first target beam is the beam of the incident beam passing through the first high-pass dichroic filter F1, and the reflected beam is the beam reflected by the first high-pass dichroic filter F1; the first plane mirror M1 receives the first target beam and reflects the first target beam to the first ellipsoidal mirror M2; the first ellipsoidal mirror M2 focuses the first target beam reflected by the plane mirror, and reflects the focused first target beam to the first receiving feed; the second ellipsoidal mirror M3 focuses the reflected light beam reflected by the first high-pass dichroic filter F1, and reflects the focused reflected beam to the second high-pass dichroic filter F2. The part of the reflected beam passing through the second high-pass dichroic filter F2 is the second target beam; the second receiving feed receives the second target beam.

[0081] In this embodiment, the first high-pass dichroic filter F1 is specifically used to screen the Q-band beam, that is, the receiving frequency of the beam is 41-45 GHz. The projections of the first plane mirror M1 and the first high-pass dichroic filter F1 in the incident direction of the incident beam at least partially overlap, so that the first target light beam passing through the first high-pass dichroic filter F1 can be effectively propagated to the first plane mirror M1. Preferably, in the incident direction of the incident beam, the projection of the first high-pass dichroic filter F1 is covered by the projection of the first plane mirror M1, so that the first target beam passing through the first high-pass dichroic filter F1 can be propagated to the first plane mirror M1, thereby reducing the propagation loss of the first target beam and improving the propagation efficiency of the first target beam.

[0082] In this embodiment, the first ellipsoidal mirror M2 receives the first target light beam reflected from the first plane mirror M1, focuses the first target beam through the receiving surface, and reflects the focused target beam to the first receiving feed. In the direction in which the first plane mirror M1 reflects the first target light beam to the first ellipsoidal mirror M2, the projections of the first plane mirror M1 and the first ellipsoidal mirror M2 at least partially overlap, thereby effectively reflecting the first target light beam to the first ellipsoidal mirror M2. Preferably, in the direction in which the first plane mirror M1 reflects the first target light beam to the first ellipsoidal mirror M2, the projection of the first plane mirror M1 is covered by the first ellipsoidal mirror M2, thereby all the first target light beams reflected by the first plane mirror M1 can be reflected to the first ellipsoidal mirror M2, thereby further reducing the propagation loss of the first target beam and improving the propagation efficiency of the first target beam.

[0083] In some specific embodiments, the distance between the secondary reflective surface and the first high-pass filter reflective surface is 2890 mm. The first high-pass filter reflective surface is the surface on which the first high-pass dichroic filter F1 receives the incident light beam. It should be understood that the secondary reflective surface in this embodiment represents the secondary reflective surface of the telescope.

[0084] In this embodiment, by controlling the distance between the secondary reflective surface and the first high-pass filter reflective surface, the frequency band separation efficiency and the beam propagation characteristics can be balanced to avoid crosstalk or energy loss.

[0085] In some specific embodiments, the distance between the secondary reflective surface and the first plane reflective surface is 2990 mm, wherein the first plane reflective surface is the surface on which the first plane mirror M1 receives the first target beam.

[0086] In this embodiment, by controlling the distance between the secondary reflective surface and the first planar reflective surface, the beam collimation and phase consistency can be balanced, thereby improving the propagation efficiency and stability of the Q-band beam.

[0087] In some specific implementations, the distance between the first high-pass filter reflective surface and the first planar reflective surface is 100 mm.

[0088] In this embodiment, the distance between the first high-pass filter reflection surface and the first planar reflection surface is controlled, thereby improving the compactness and stability of the overall system and optimizing the consistency of the beam phase.

[0089] In some specific embodiments, the distance between the first plane reflecting surface and the first ellipsoidal reflecting surface is 155 mm, wherein the first plane reflecting surface is the surface on which the first plane mirror M1 receives the first target beam, and the first ellipsoidal reflecting surface is the surface on which the first ellipsoidal mirror M2 focuses the first target beam.

[0090] In this embodiment, by setting the distance between the first plane reflecting surface and the first ellipsoid reflecting surface to 155 mm, on the one hand, the propagation efficiency of the first target light beam can be improved, avoiding the beam loss caused by propagation over too long a distance; on the other hand, the focusing efficiency of the first ellipsoid reflecting surface is also improved, avoiding the decrease in focusing efficiency and the reduction in aperture efficiency due to propagation over too short a distance.

[0091] In some specific embodiments, the focal length of the first ellipsoidal reflecting surface is 152.3 mm. This focal length range can further balance the propagation efficiency of the Q-band microwave beam, the compactness of the overall microwave quasi-optical system, and the manufacturing cost, avoiding both the volume expansion and decreased propagation efficiency of the overall quasi-optical system caused by an excessively long focal length, and the energy concentration and aberration problems caused by an excessively short focal length.

[0092] In this embodiment, the first receiving feed receives the first target light beam focused and reflected by the first ellipsoidal mirror M2. Specifically, the first receiving feed is a Q receiving feed, which is used to receive the first target light beam, that is, a micrometer wave with a frequency of 41-45 GHz. Specifically, the distance between the first ellipsoidal reflecting surface and the first receiving feed can be 353 mm, and the aperture of the horn of the first receiving feed can be 11.79 mm.

[0093] In this embodiment, the distance between the first ellipsoidal reflecting surface and the first receiving feed source and the horn aperture of the first receiving feed source are optimized according to the wavelength of the corresponding Q band, thereby achieving efficient propagation of microwaves in the Q band while improving the space utilization of the overall system.

[0094] In this embodiment, the first high-pass dichroic filter can be used to distinguish the first target beam (i.e., microwaves in the Q band) and beams in other bands (such as microwaves in the CX and K bands). The cooperation of the first plane mirror and the first ellipsoidal mirror can control the propagation direction of the first target beam while reducing the propagation signal loss of the first target beam. At the same time, the optimization of the propagation path of the first target beam also improves the utilization rate of the overall system space.

[0095] In this embodiment, the second high-pass dichroic filter F2 is specifically used to filter the second target beam in the microwaves filtered out by the first high-pass dichroic filter F1, that is, the K-frequency beam, and the second receiving feed receives the second target beam. Specifically, the second receiving feed is a K receiving feed, which is used to receive the K-frequency beam.

[0096] Among them, in the direction in which the second ellipsoidal mirror M3 reflects the reflected beam to the second high-pass dichroic filter F2, the projection of the second ellipsoidal mirror M3 and the second high-pass dichroic filter F2 at least partially overlap, thereby the reflected beam reflected by the second ellipsoidal mirror M3 can be effectively propagated to the second high-pass dichroic filter F2. Preferably, in the direction in which the second ellipsoidal mirror M3 reflects the reflected beam, the projection of the second ellipsoidal mirror M3 is covered by the projection of the second high-pass dichroic filter F2, thereby the reflected beam reflected by the second ellipsoidal mirror M3 can be propagated to the second high-pass dichroic filter F2, thereby reducing the loss of the reflected beam propagation and improving the propagation efficiency of the reflected beam.

[0097] In this embodiment, the microwaves in the Q frequency band and the K frequency band can be accurately screened out by the first high-pass dichroic filter and the second high-pass dichroic filter. By cooperating with the corresponding reflector and the high-pass dichroic filter, the mutual interference between the Q frequency band and the K frequency band can be avoided, thereby meeting the high-precision transmission requirements of multi-band signals.

[0098] In this embodiment, the plane mirror may further include a second plane mirror M4, and the ellipsoidal mirror may further include a third ellipsoidal mirror M5.

[0099] Among them, in the direction of the reflected beam from the second ellipsoidal mirror M3 to the second high-pass dichroic filter F2, the projections of the second ellipsoidal mirror M3 and the second plane mirror M4 at least partially overlap, thereby the second target light beam passing through the second high-pass dichroic filter F2 can be effectively propagated to the second plane mirror M4. Preferably, in the direction of the reflected beam from the second ellipsoidal mirror M3 to the second high-pass dichroic filter F2, the projection of the second high-pass dichroic filter F2 is covered by the second plane mirror M4, thereby the second target beam passing through the second high-pass dichroic filter F2 can be propagated to the second plane mirror M4, thereby reducing the propagation loss of the second target beam and improving the propagation efficiency of the second target beam.

[0100] In this embodiment, the third ellipsoidal mirror M5 receives the second target light beam reflected from the second plane mirror M4, focuses the second target beam through the receiving surface, and reflects the focused target beam to the second receiving feed. In the direction in which the second plane mirror M4 reflects the second target light beam to the third ellipsoidal mirror M5, the projections of the second plane mirror M4 and the third ellipsoidal mirror M5 at least partially overlap, thereby reflecting the second target light beam to the third ellipsoidal mirror M5. Preferably, in the direction in which the second plane mirror M4 reflects the second target light beam to the third ellipsoidal mirror M5, the projection of the second plane mirror M4 is covered by the third ellipsoidal mirror M5, thereby reflecting the second target light beam reflected by the second plane mirror M4 to the third ellipsoidal mirror M5, thereby further reducing the loss of the second target beam propagation and improving the propagation efficiency of the second target beam.

[0101] In some specific implementations, the distance between the second ellipsoidal reflecting surface and the second plane reflecting surface is 570 mm, and the second plane reflecting surface is the surface on which the second plane mirror M4 receives the second target beam.

[0102] In this embodiment, by setting the distance between the second plane reflecting surface and the second ellipsoidal reflecting surface to 570 mm, it is possible to avoid beam loss due to propagation over too long a distance. On the other hand, it is also possible to improve the focusing efficiency of the second ellipsoidal reflecting surface, thereby avoiding a decrease in K-band focusing efficiency and aperture efficiency due to propagation over too short a distance. At the same time, it is also possible to avoid interference between the second ellipsoidal reflecting surface and devices such as the first high-pass dichroic filter, the first plane mirror, the first ellipsoidal mirror, and the third ellipsoidal mirror.

[0103] In some specific embodiments, the distance between the second ellipsoidal reflecting surface and the second high-pass filtering surface can be 360 mm. By setting the distance between the second ellipsoidal reflecting surface and the second high-pass filtering surface, interference between the second ellipsoidal reflecting surface, the second high-pass filtering surface and other devices can be avoided. At the same time, the loss of the K-frequency beam due to propagation over too long a distance can also be avoided. On the other hand, the focusing efficiency of the second ellipsoidal reflecting surface on the K-frequency beam is also improved.

[0104] In some specific embodiments, the distance between the second planar reflective surface and the third ellipsoidal reflective surface is 210 mm, and the third ellipsoidal reflective surface is the surface on which the third ellipsoidal mirror M5 focuses the second target beam. On the one hand, this distance matches the K-band beam, which can improve the penetration effect of the second target beam and avoid beam loss due to propagation over too long a distance. On the other hand, it also improves the focusing efficiency of the second ellipsoidal reflective surface, avoiding the reduction in focusing efficiency and aperture efficiency of the K-band due to propagation over too short a distance, and also avoids interference between devices.

[0105] In this embodiment, the second receiving feed receives the second target light beam focused and reflected by the third ellipsoidal mirror M5. Specifically, the second receiving feed is a K receiving feed in the K frequency band, which receives the second target light beam, i.e., a micron wave with a frequency of 21-24 GHz. Specifically, the distance between the third ellipsoidal reflecting surface and the second receiving feed can be 144.03 mm, and the aperture of the horn of the second receiving feed can be 18.64 mm.

[0106] In this embodiment, the distance between the third ellipsoidal reflective surface and the second receiving feed source and the horn aperture of the second receiving feed source are optimized according to the corresponding K-band wavelength, thereby achieving efficient propagation of K-band microwaves while improving the space utilization of the overall system.

[0107] In this embodiment, the receive feed may further include a third receive feed. The portion of the incident beam reflected by the second high-pass dichroic filter F2 is a third target beam, and the third receive feed receives the third target beam. Specifically, the third receive feed is a CX receive feed that receives the CX frequency band and receives the third target beam, i.e., micron waves with a frequency of 4-10 GHz. The horn of the third receive feed may have a diameter of 45.37 mm.

[0108] In this embodiment, the horn aperture of the third receiving feed source is optimized according to the wavelength of the corresponding CX frequency band, thereby achieving efficient propagation of the CX frequency band.

[0109] In some specific embodiments, the ellipsoidal mirror in this embodiment may further include a fourth ellipsoidal mirror M6, the second high-pass dichroic filter F2 reflects the third target beam to the fourth ellipsoidal mirror M6, the fourth ellipsoidal mirror M6 focuses the third target beam reflected by the second high-pass dichroic filter F2, and reflects the focused third target beam to the third receiving feed source.

[0110] The fourth ellipsoidal mirror M6 receives the third target light beam reflected from the second high-pass dichroic filter F2, focuses the third target beam through the fourth ellipsoidal mirror M6, and reflects the focused third target beam to the third receiving feed. In the direction in which the second high-pass dichroic filter F2 reflects the third target light beam to the fourth ellipsoidal mirror M6, the projections of the second high-pass dichroic filter F2 and the fourth ellipsoidal mirror M6 at least partially overlap, thereby allowing the third target light beam to be reflected onto the fourth ellipsoidal mirror M6. Preferably, in the direction in which the second high-pass dichroic filter F2 and the fourth ellipsoidal mirror M6 are both covered by the projection of the fourth ellipsoidal mirror M6, thereby allowing the third target light beam reflected by the second high-pass dichroic filter F2 to be reflected onto the fourth ellipsoidal mirror M6, thereby further reducing the propagation loss of the third target beam and improving the propagation efficiency of the third target beam.

[0111] In this embodiment, the distance between the fourth ellipsoidal reflector and the third receiving feed source is 381 mm, and the focal length of the fourth ellipsoidal reflector is 268.6 mm. The distance between the fourth ellipsoidal reflector and the third receiving feed source and the focal length of the fourth ellipsoidal reflector are optimized according to the corresponding CX frequency band, so that the CX frequency band can be focused, and the efficient propagation of the CX frequency band can be achieved while improving the space utilization of the overall system.

[0112] In a specific embodiment, the third receiving feed, i.e., the CX receiving feed, is placed in one dewar, and the first receiving feed and the second receiving feed, i.e., the K receiving feed and the Q receiving feed, are close to and integrated in another dewar, thereby greatly reducing the assembly volume of the receiver. In an actual operation mode, the overall envelope size of the quasi-optical system in this embodiment can be controlled to 1.4m×1.2m, greatly improving space utilization.

[0113] This embodiment uses electromagnetic simulation software to verify the microwave quasi-optical system that receives multiple frequency bands simultaneously. The simulation results are as follows: Figure 2-Figure 10 As shown, the horizontal axis represents the direction angle, the vertical axis represents the signal strength, E_co (solid line) represents the antenna radiation characteristics in the main polarization direction, and E_cx (dashed line) represents the cross-polarization component, and both are the co-polarization and cross-polarization results at 90°. The simulation aperture efficiency calculation results are shown in Table 1:

[0114]

[0115] Table 1

[0116] Specifically, Figures 2 to 4 It represents the simulated beam pattern of the Q band (receiving frequency in the 41-45 GHz band), where Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4 The simulated beam patterns with receiving frequencies of 41 GHz, 43 GHz, and 45 GHz are shown respectively. According to the simulation calculation results, the average aperture efficiency in the frequency band of 41-45 GHz is 66.889%.

[0117] Figures 5 to 7 It represents the simulated beam pattern of the K band (receiving frequency in the 20-24 GHz band), where Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7 The simulated beam patterns with receiving frequencies of 20 GHz, 22 GHz, and 24 GHz are shown respectively. According to the simulation calculation results, the average aperture efficiency in the frequency band of 20-24 GHz is 66.077%.

[0118] Figures 8 to 10The simulated beam pattern of the CX band (receiving frequency in the 4-10 GHz band) is shown, where: Figure 8 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 The simulated beam patterns with receiving frequencies of 4 GHz, 7 GHz, and 10 GHz are shown respectively. According to the simulation calculation results, the average aperture efficiency in the frequency band of 4-10 GHz is 63.434%.

[0119] From the above simulation results, it can be seen that the average aperture efficiency of the entire frequency band is above 60%.

[0120] It should be understood that the parameters designed in this embodiment are preferred values determined through electromagnetic simulation and experimental verification, thereby ensuring efficient transmission of signals in each frequency band (such as the CX band, the K band, and the Q band) and maximizing aperture efficiency. However, it should be understood that in the actual manufacturing and installation process, taking into account engineering factors such as processing tolerances, thermal deformation compensation, and installation errors, the actual acceptable parameter range includes deviations within a range of plus or minus 2 mm. For example, "the distance between the secondary reflector and the first high-pass filter reflector is 2890 mm" also includes a deviation within a range of plus or minus 2 mm, that is, "the distance between the secondary reflector and the first high-pass filter reflector is within the range of 2888 mm to 2892 mm." Other parameters are similar and will not be repeated here.

[0121] In this embodiment, a first high-pass dichroic filter and a second high-pass dichroic filter are provided to screen out multi-band microwaves. The first receiving feed, the second receiving feed, and the third receiving feed can respectively receive CX microwaves with a frequency of 4-10 GHz, K microwaves with a frequency of 20-24 GHz, and Q microwaves with a frequency of 41-45 GHz, thereby realizing a microwave quasi-optical system for the radio telescope to simultaneously receive multiple frequency bands from centimeter waves to millimeter waves, solving the problems of redundant frequency band switching, low observation efficiency, and insufficient collaborative analysis of data between different frequency bands in traditional radio telescopes.

[0122] In this embodiment, the first target beam (i.e., the Q frequency band) transmitted through the first high-pass dichroic filter is reflected by the first plane mirror, and the first target beam is focused and reflected by the first elliptical mirror; the reflected beam reflected by the first high-pass dichroic filter is focused and reflected by the second ellipsoidal mirror, and the second target beam (i.e., the K frequency band) transmitted through the second high-pass dichroic filter is reflected by the second plane mirror; the third target beam (i.e., the CX frequency band) reflected by the second high-pass dichroic filter is focused and reflected by the fourth ellipsoidal mirror, and the first target beam, the second target beam, and the third target beam are received by the first receiving feed, the second receiving feed, and the third receiving feed, respectively, thereby realizing multi-band low-loss beam-forming propagation of centimeter-wave signals to meet the needs of radio astronomical scientific observations while ensuring that the performance meets the index requirements.

[0123] In this embodiment, the distance between each high-pass dichroic filter and each reflector (including a plane mirror and an ellipsoidal mirror), the distance between each reflector and the corresponding receiving feed, the structural parameters of the reflector are accurately designed, and the performance is optimized in combination with electromagnetic simulation software to meet the functional stability of the equipment module in harsh outdoor environments or low-temperature environments, so as to ensure that the system can work efficiently in the entire frequency band. While meeting the high-precision transmission requirements of signals in each frequency band, the research on system integration and testing technology is promoted, the problem of simultaneous reception and processing of multi-band signals is solved, and the performance bottleneck of microwave quasi-optical technology in full-band observation is broken through. In addition, under the premise of meeting stability, the relative position of each device is controlled to reduce the number of each device required, thereby reducing the weight and volume of optical components, simplifying the assembly process, and reducing load pressure, thereby improving the overall performance and practicality of the system, and providing reliable technical support for high-sensitivity and multi-band observations of radio telescopes.

[0124] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0125] The directional terms such as up, down, left, right, front, back, front, back, top, and bottom mentioned or possibly mentioned in this specification are defined relative to the structure shown in the drawings. They are relative concepts and may vary depending on the location and usage of the device. Therefore, these or other directional terms should not be interpreted as restrictive.

[0126] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to a fixed connection, an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, internal communication between two components, or an interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0127] In addition, the terms "comprises" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product or apparatus that includes a series of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, product or apparatus.

[0128] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and does not limit the present application in any form or substance. It should be pointed out that ordinary technicians in this technical field can make several improvements and supplements without departing from the method of the present application, and these improvements and supplements should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present application. Any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made by technicians familiar with this profession without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application by using the technical content disclosed above are all equivalent embodiments of the present application; at the same time, any equivalent changes, modifications and evolutions made to the above embodiments based on the essential technology of the present application are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception, characterized in that: include: High-pass dichroic filter, reflector and receiving feed; The high-pass dichroic filter receives an incident beam and divides the incident beam into beams of different microwave frequency bands according to a preset frequency; A reflector adjusts the positions of the beams of different microwave frequency bands to reflect the beams of different microwave frequency bands to the corresponding receiving feed sources.

2. The microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception according to claim 1, wherein: The reflecting mirror includes a plane mirror and an ellipsoidal mirror; The plane mirror reflects the beams of the different microwave frequency bands to the ellipsoidal mirror; The ellipsoidal mirror focuses the beams of the different microwave frequency bands reflected by the plane mirror, and reflects the focused beams to the corresponding receiving feed sources.

3. The microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception according to claim 2, wherein: The high-pass dichroic filter includes a first high-pass dichroic filter and a second high-pass dichroic filter, the plane mirror includes a first plane mirror, the ellipsoidal mirror includes a first ellipsoidal mirror and a second ellipsoidal mirror, and the receiving feed includes a first receiving feed and a second receiving feed; The first high-pass dichroic filter receives the incident beam and divides the incident beam into a first target beam and a reflected beam, wherein the first target beam is a beam of the incident beam passing through the first high-pass dichroic filter, and the reflected beam is a beam of the incident beam reflected by the first high-pass dichroic filter; The first plane mirror receives the first target beam and reflects the first target beam to the first ellipsoidal mirror; The first ellipsoidal mirror focuses the first target beam reflected by the plane mirror, and reflects the focused first target beam to the first receiving feed source; The second ellipsoidal mirror focuses the reflected light beam reflected by the first high-pass dichroic filter, and reflects the focused reflected beam to the second high-pass dichroic filter, and the portion of the reflected beam that passes through the second high-pass dichroic filter is a second target beam; The second receive feed receives the second target beam.

4. The microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception according to claim 3, wherein: At least one of the following distance conditions must be met: The distance between the secondary reflective surface and the first high-pass filter reflective surface is 2890 mm, and the first high-pass filter reflective surface is the surface of the first high-pass dichroic filter receiving the incident light beam; The distance between the first high-pass filter reflection surface and the first plane reflection surface is 100 mm, and the first plane reflection surface is the surface of the first plane mirror receiving the first target beam; The distance between the secondary reflective surface and the first planar reflective surface is 2990 mm; The distance between the first plane reflecting surface and the first ellipsoid reflecting surface is 155 mm, and the first ellipsoid reflecting surface is the surface on which the first ellipsoid mirror focuses the first target beam; The distance between the first high-pass filter reflection surface and the second ellipsoid reflection surface is 300 mm, and the second ellipsoid reflection surface is the surface on which the second ellipsoid mirror focuses the reflected beam; The distance between the first ellipsoidal reflective surface and the first receiving feed source is 353 mm; The focal length of the first ellipsoidal reflecting surface is 152.3 mm; The caliber of the horn of the first receiving feed source is 11.79 mm.

5. The microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception according to claim 3, wherein: The plane mirror further includes a second plane mirror, and the ellipsoidal mirror further includes a third ellipsoidal mirror; The second plane mirror receives the second target beam and reflects the second target beam to the third ellipsoidal mirror; The third ellipsoidal mirror focuses the second target beam reflected by the second plane mirror, and reflects the focused second target beam to the second receiving feed source.

6. The microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception according to claim 5, wherein: At least one of the following distance conditions must be met: The distance between the second ellipsoidal reflecting surface and the second plane reflecting surface is 570 mm, and the second plane reflecting surface is the surface on which the second plane mirror receives the second target beam; The distance between the second ellipsoidal reflecting surface and the second high-pass filtering surface is 360 mm; The distance between the second plane reflecting surface and the third ellipsoid reflecting surface is 210 mm, and the third ellipsoid reflecting surface is the surface on which the third ellipsoidal mirror focuses the second target beam; The distance between the third ellipsoidal reflective surface and the second receiving feed source is 144.03 mm; The focal length of the second ellipsoidal reflecting surface is 238.5 mm; The focal length of the third ellipsoidal reflecting surface is 132.3 mm; The horn of the second receiving feed source has a diameter of 18.64 mm.

7. The microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception according to claim 3, wherein: The receiving feed further includes a third receiving feed, and the portion of the incident beam reflected by the second high-pass dichroic filter is a third target beam; The third receive feed receives the third target beam.

8. The microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception according to claim 7, wherein: The ellipsoidal mirror further includes a fourth ellipsoidal mirror; The second high-pass dichroic filter reflects the third target light beam reflected by the second ellipsoidal mirror to the fourth ellipsoidal mirror; The fourth ellipsoidal mirror focuses the third target beam reflected by the second high-pass dichroic filter, and reflects the focused third target beam to the third receiving feed.

9. The microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception according to claim 8, wherein: At least one of the following distance conditions must be met: The distance between the second high-pass filtering surface and the fourth ellipsoidal reflecting surface is 510 mm, and the fourth ellipsoidal reflecting surface is the surface on which the fourth ellipsoidal mirror focuses the third target beam; The distance between the fourth ellipsoidal reflective surface and the third receiving feed source is 381 mm; The focal length of the fourth ellipsoidal reflecting surface is 268.6 mm; The caliber of the horn of the third receiving feed source is 45.37 mm.

10. The microwave quasi-optical system for simultaneous multi-band reception according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein: The beams of different microwave frequency bands include at least one of a CX beam, a K beam, and a Q beam; When the receiving feed includes a first receiving feed, the receiving frequency of the first receiving feed is 41-45 GHz; When the receiving feed includes a second receiving feed, the receiving frequency of the second receiving feed is 20-24 GHz; When the receiving feed includes a third receiving feed, the receiving frequency of the third receiving feed is 4-10 GHz.

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