Moving-coil electromagnetic ejection short-circuit braking system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electromechanical braking, in particular to a moving coil type electromagnetic ejection short-circuit braking system which comprises a power supply device, an A-phase conductor rail, a B-phase conductor rail, a C-phase conductor rail, a first switch group, a second switch group, a third switch group, a mover coil and a plurality of stators. The A-phase conductor rail, the B-phase guide rail and the C-phase guide rail are laid in parallel along an ejection track, and the A-phase conductor rail, the B-phase guide rail and the C-phase guide rail are divided into acceleration sections and deceleration sections; and the A-phase conductor rail, the B-phase guide rail and the C-phase guide rail of the deceleration section are in short circuit through a third switch group. The third switch group is directly in short circuit with the A-phase conductor rail, the B-phase guide rail and the C-phase guide rail, the rotor coil can be braked at extremely high response speed, and the technical problems that in the prior art, a braking system is slow in response, high in maintenance cost and the like are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electromechanical braking, and in particular to a moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system. Background Art

[0002] The moving coil electromagnetic catapult's rotor coils are powered by brushes that slide against a three-phase current rail. While traditional braking systems rely on physical braking during deceleration, electromagnetic catapults require a massive, instantaneous release of electrical energy. Traditional mechanical brakes are slow to respond, rely on friction materials with limited lifespans, and struggle to dissipate energy quickly, easily leading to system overheating and inefficiency. Traditional braking systems are currently being improved through material upgrades, such as the use of carbon-ceramic composites, which can withstand temperatures exceeding 1200°C and reduce wear by 80%. Alternatively, nano-coatings and graphene coatings can improve heat dissipation efficiency. However, these systems still suffer from energy waste, slow response, and high maintenance costs.

[0003] In summary, there is an urgent need for a brake system with contactless deceleration and reduced maintenance requirements to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system to solve the technical problems of slow response and high maintenance cost of the braking system in the prior art. The specific technical solution is as follows: The present invention provides a moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system, comprising a power supply device, an A-phase conductive rail, a B-phase conductive rail, a C-phase conductive rail, a first switch group, a second switch group, a third switch group, a mover coil, and a plurality of stators; the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are laid in parallel along the catapult track, and the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are divided into an acceleration section and a deceleration section; the power supply device is connected to the acceleration section of the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail through the first switch group, and is connected to the deceleration section of the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail through the second switch group; the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are short-circuited in the deceleration section through the third switch group; the plurality of stators are laid in an array along the catapult track, and the mover coil is in sliding contact with the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail respectively through collector brushes.

[0005] A further improvement of the moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system of the present invention is that the first switch group includes a first contactor, a second contactor and a third contactor, the power supply device is connected to the C-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the first contactor, the power supply device is connected to the B-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the second contactor, and the power supply device is connected to the A-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the third contactor.

[0006] A further improvement of the moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system of the present invention is that the second switch group includes a fourth contactor, a fifth contactor and a sixth contactor, the power supply device is connected to the C-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the fourth contactor, the power supply device is connected to the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the fifth contactor, and the power supply device is connected to the A-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the sixth contactor.

[0007] A further improvement of the moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system of the present invention is that the third switch group includes a seventh contactor and a sixth contactor, the A-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section is short-circuited with the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the seventh contactor, and the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section is short-circuited with the C-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the eighth contactor.

[0008] A further improvement of the moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system of the present invention is that it further includes a PWM rectifier and an energy storage device, wherein the PWM rectifier is connected between the moving coil and the energy storage device.

[0009] The application of the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system of the present invention controls the second and third switch groups of the deceleration section to be closed (where the second switch group is closed to supply power to the three-phase current receiving rail of the deceleration section, and the third switch group is closed to short-circuit the three-phase current receiving rail of the deceleration section). The output ends of the A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail, and C-phase guide rail of the deceleration section are short-circuited to form a low-impedance loop. The direction of the current is opposite to the direction of the catapult, generating a reverse braking force to achieve braking. By using the third switch group to directly short-circuit the A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail, and C-phase guide rail of the deceleration section, an extremely fast response speed can be achieved to brake the moving coil, thereby solving the technical problems of slow response and high maintenance cost of the braking system in the prior art. The short-circuit brake of the present invention converts kinetic energy into electrical energy or thermal energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction, without mechanical contact, thus avoiding the problem of friction brake relying on physical contact and being prone to overheating and wear at high speeds; in addition, since the short-circuit brake method does not use friction materials, it is not affected by environmental humidity and can be used in high-temperature and high-humidity environments. In high-load scenarios, it can handle transient currents without the risk of mechanical structure overload; the set of three-phase current-receiving rails (A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail and C-phase guide rail) and coils of the present invention are used for both acceleration and deceleration, saving hardware costs.

[0010] In addition to the above-described objects, features and advantages, the present invention has other objects, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of this application, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system of the present invention.

[0012] Among them, K1 is the first contactor; K2 is the second contactor; K3 is the third contactor; K4 is the fourth contactor; K5 is the fifth contactor; K6 is the sixth contactor; K7 is the seventh contactor; and K8 is the eighth contactor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0014] Electromagnetic catapult is a technology that converts electrical energy into kinetic energy through the Lorentz force. It is generally divided into two types of implementation methods: Coil acceleration: Multiple coils are energized sequentially, and the alternating magnetic field generated by the pulsed electromagnetic coil interacts with the projectile (such as a permanent magnet). By sequentially controlling the on and off of the multiple coils, a moving magnetic field is formed, which gradually accelerates the projectile. Track acceleration type: A super-strong current is passed through the parallel guide rails, and the rotor coil is powered to form an alternating magnetic field, which interacts with the permanent magnet stator. The projectile is accelerated by the Lorentz force.

[0015] The electromagnetic catapult of this invention uses a track-based acceleration mechanism. A high current is passed through parallel guide rails, causing the mover to contact the rails via brushes, which then energize the mover coils. This power creates an alternating magnetic field that interacts with the permanent magnet stator, accelerating the projectile due to the Lorentz force.

[0016] See also Figure 1 As shown, a moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system includes a power supply device, an A-phase conductive rail, a B-phase conductive rail, a C-phase conductive rail, a first switch group, a second switch group, a third switch group, a mover coil, and a plurality of stators; the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are laid in parallel along the catapult track, and the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are divided into an acceleration section and a deceleration section; the power supply device is connected to the acceleration section of the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail through the first switch group, and the power supply device is connected to the deceleration section of the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail through the second switch group; the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are short-circuited in the deceleration section through the third switch group; the plurality of stators are laid along the catapult track array, and the mover coil is in sliding contact with the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail respectively through collector brushes.

[0017] The braking method of the present invention is short-circuit braking. Short-circuit braking converts kinetic energy into electrical energy, which is directly consumed as heat. Simultaneously, the system also feeds back a portion of the short-circuit current through a rectifier circuit to a storage capacitor for storage, enabling energy recovery and utilization, improving overall energy efficiency and reducing maintenance requirements. This system is a short-circuit braking system for a moving coil electromagnetic catapult. The current collecting rails primarily consist of three parallel conductive rails (A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail, and C-phase guide rail), which are laid along the entire length of the catapult track. The three-phase current collecting rails in the deceleration section are short-circuited. Based on the motion of the rotor coil, a power supply controls the opening and closing of a contactor, which short-circuits the three-phase current collecting rails in the deceleration section. In this embodiment, the contactor is a high-speed contactor. This invention eliminates mechanical wear, offers a long lifespan, high response speed, high energy recovery potential, suitability for extreme environments, and high system integration. The operating frequency of the high-speed contactor is determined by the length of the deceleration section and the speed of the actuator: for example, if the final ejection velocity is 100-300 m / s and the deceleration section length is about 10-30 meters, the single pass time is 30-100 milliseconds.

[0018] Preferably, the first switch group includes a first contactor K1, a second contactor K2 and a third contactor K3, the power supply device is connected to the C-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the first contactor K1, the power supply device is connected to the B-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the second contactor K2, and the power supply device is connected to the A-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the third contactor K3.

[0019] Preferably, the second switch group includes a fourth contactor K4, a fifth contactor K5 and a sixth contactor K6, the power supply device is connected to the C-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the fourth contactor K4, the power supply device is connected to the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the fifth contactor K5, and the power supply device is connected to the A-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the sixth contactor K6.

[0020] Preferably, the third switch group includes a seventh contactor K7 and a sixth contactor K6, the A-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section is short-circuited with the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the seventh contactor K7, and the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section is short-circuited with the C-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the eighth contactor K8.

[0021] Preferably, if the braking energy is recovered, the moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system also includes a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) rectifier and an energy storage device, and the PWM rectifier is connected between the moving coil and the energy storage device. The energy storage device can be a supercapacitor. The PWM rectifier can feed the induced electrical energy back to the power grid or store it in the energy storage device. The specific energy recovery structure is an existing technology and will not be described here. In addition, the energy generated during braking can also be dissipated as heat energy, but forced air cooling / liquid cooling is required for heat dissipation. This method is kinetic energy → electrical energy → Joule heat (dissipated through the braking resistor), which is simple and reliable, but energy is wasted.

[0022] The present invention primarily consists of three parallel conductive rails (Phase A, Phase B, and Phase C), laid along the entire length of the catapult track. The catapult track utilizes a segmented power supply system, divided into an acceleration section (power supply) and a deceleration section (short circuit). High-strength insulating brackets isolate the rails between each phase in the acceleration section to prevent interphase short circuits. In the deceleration section, the three phases are short-circuited against each other. Based on the motion of the rotor coil, a power supply device controls the opening and closing of a contactor, which switches power to either the acceleration or deceleration section.

[0023] The stator's permanent magnet array is laid along the track, generating a strong magnetic field. The mover coils, through independent current collector brushes, make sliding contact with the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail. Power is drawn in real time, and when current is applied, a reverse magnetic field is generated, which reacts with the stator to form a Lorentz force. When the mover enters the deceleration section, the fourth, fifth, and sixth contactors K4, K5, and K6, which control the power supply to the deceleration section, close. This short-circuits the output terminals of the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail, forming a low-impedance circuit and turning the mover coils into a "generator."

[0024] Electromagnetic braking principle: The mover coil continues to move due to inertia, cutting through the stator magnetic field and generating a reverse current in the mover coil (I = -vBL / R). This current generates Joule heat in the short-circuit loop (P = I²R) and simultaneously generates a reverse braking force (F = -I × B × L).

[0025] The working process of the moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system of the present invention is as follows: ①Ejection acceleration stage: The power supply device controls the closing of the first, second, and third contactors K1, K2, and K3, outputting variable-frequency three-phase AC power to the current-collecting rails (Phase A, Phase B, and Phase C) in the acceleration section. The current-collecting brushes on the mover coils slide in contact with the current-collecting rails (Phase A, Phase B, and Phase C), supplying power to the mover coils. The three-phase current generates a rotating magnetic field in the mover coils, which interacts with the stator magnetic field to generate unidirectional thrust, accelerating the mover. The mover speed can be adjusted to achieve constant or variable acceleration by adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the three-phase current.

[0026] ②Deceleration and braking stage: When the mover enters the deceleration section, the power supply device controls the opening of the first, second, and third contactors K1, K2, and K3, cutting off power to the current-collecting rails (phase A conductor rail, phase B guide rail, and phase C guide rail) in the acceleration section. Simultaneously, the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth contactors K4, K5, K6, K7, and K8 close, short-circuiting the three-phase current-collecting rails (phase A conductor rail, phase B guide rail, and phase C guide rail) in the deceleration section. At this point, the mover's inertial motion causes its coils to cut through the stator's magnetic field, inducing a three-phase short-circuit current. This current flows in the opposite direction of the launch direction, generating a reverse braking force.

[0027] The implementation cases of the present invention are as follows: Take the electromagnetic catapult drone as an example: During the launch phase of the drone's electromagnetic catapult, the energy storage capacitor discharges, driving the linear motor (stator) to accelerate the drone to take-off speed.

[0028] During the braking phase, after the drone disengages, the rotor coil continues to move due to inertia. This triggers a short-circuit brake, generating reverse current and rapidly slowing the vehicle to a stop. Some of the braking energy is stored in the capacitor, while the remaining energy is dissipated through the braking resistor.

[0029] The advantages of short-circuit braking include fast braking response (in milliseconds), zero mechanical wear, energy recovery, and reduced system power consumption. It is suitable for high-frequency, high-precision braking scenarios.

[0030] The moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system of the present invention controls the second switch group and the third switch group of the deceleration section to be closed (the second switch group is closed to supply power to the three-phase current receiving rail of the deceleration section, and the third switch group is closed to short-circuit the three-phase current receiving rail of the deceleration section), and the output ends of the A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail and C-phase guide rail of the deceleration section are short-circuited to form a low-impedance loop. The direction of the current is opposite to the direction of the catapult, generating a reverse braking force to achieve braking; by using the third switch group to directly short-circuit the A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail and C-phase guide rail, an extremely fast response speed can be achieved to brake the moving coil, thereby solving the technical problems of slow response and high maintenance cost of the braking system in the prior art. The short-circuit brake of the present invention converts kinetic energy into electrical energy or thermal energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction, without mechanical contact, thus avoiding the problem of friction brake relying on physical contact and being prone to overheating and wear at high speeds; in addition, since the short-circuit brake method does not use friction materials, it is not affected by environmental humidity and can be used in high-temperature and high-humidity environments. In high-load scenarios, it can handle transient currents without the risk of mechanical structure overload; the set of three-phase current-receiving rails (A-phase conductive rail, B-phase guide rail and C-phase guide rail) and coils of the present invention are used for both acceleration and deceleration, saving hardware costs.

[0031] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system, characterized in that: The ejection device comprises a power supply device, an A-phase conductive rail, a B-phase conductive rail, a C-phase conductive rail, a first switch group, a second switch group, a third switch group, a mover coil, and a plurality of stators; the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are laid in parallel along the ejection track, and the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail, and the C-phase guide rail are divided into an acceleration section and a deceleration section; The power supply device is connected to the acceleration section of the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail and the C-phase guide rail through a first switch group, and the power supply device is connected to the deceleration section of the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail and the C-phase guide rail through a second switch group; the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail and the C-phase guide rail are short-circuited in the deceleration section through a third switch group; a plurality of stators are laid along the ejection track array, and the mover coil is in sliding contact with the A-phase conductive rail, the B-phase guide rail and the C-phase guide rail respectively through a collector brush.

2. The moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first switch group comprises a first contactor (K1), a second contactor (K2) and a third contactor (K3); the power supply device is connected to the C-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the first contactor (K1); the power supply device is connected to the B-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the second contactor (K2); and the power supply device is connected to the A-phase conductive rail of the acceleration section through the third contactor (K3).

3. The moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second switch group includes a fourth contactor (K4), a fifth contactor (K5) and a sixth contactor (K6); the power supply device is connected to the C-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the fourth contactor (K4); the power supply device is connected to the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the fifth contactor (K5); and the power supply device is connected to the A-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section through the sixth contactor (K6).

4. The moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third switch group includes a seventh contactor (K7) and a sixth contactor (K6); the A-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section is short-circuited with the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section via the seventh contactor (K7); and the B-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section is short-circuited with the C-phase conductive rail of the deceleration section via the eighth contactor (K8).

5. The moving coil electromagnetic catapult short-circuit braking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a PWM rectifier and an energy storage device, wherein the PWM rectifier is connected between the mover coil and the energy storage device.

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