Distributed internet content supervision system and cross-chain data transmission method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a distributed internet content supervision system which comprises a hierarchical multi-chain multi-way tree architecture, root nodes and middle nodes of a multi-way tree are supervision chains, leaf nodes of the multi-way tree are service chains, each supervision chain corresponds to a supervision group of a level to which the supervision chain belongs, and each service chain corresponds to a specific subject to be supervised and a supervised object. The invention also provides a cross-chain data transmission method for the distributed internet content supervision system to realize cross-chain communication, and the method comprises the steps: realizing the cross-chain transaction from the superior supervision chain to the subordinate supervision chain based on the trust relationship between the superior and subordinate chains; based on an SPV verification method, cross-chain transaction from a lower-level supervision chain to an upper-level supervision chain is realized; and based on the common father node, realizing cross-chain transaction between the supervision chains of different sub-trees. The invention further discloses a data processing device for implementing the cross-chain data transmission method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of blockchain technology, and specifically relates to a distributed Internet content supervision system and a cross-chain data verification method applied to the system. Background Art

[0002] Revolutions in information technology are constantly enriching the forms of information presentation. With the development and widespread adoption of mobile internet and 5G, live streaming, high-definition short videos, and audio and video conferencing are increasingly becoming the primary forms of internet information services, offering greater real-time and interactive features. Traditional, centralized, cloud-based internet information service regulatory architectures are no longer able to efficiently support the analysis of large-scale, high-volume, multimodal internet content, such as audio and video, and are even less able to achieve comprehensive, low-latency monitoring coverage. Given the complexity and arduousness of the challenges facing internet information service regulation, it is necessary to actively utilize new regulatory technologies to further enhance and improve the internet information regulatory system and capacity.

[0003] Edge computing refers to a new computing method that performs computations at the edge of the network. Different from cloud computing, edge computing decentralizes computing and storage resources, providing lower latency and more intelligent services for end-user data processing. However, the data generated by IoT devices in edge networks often suffers from poor security and tamper resistance. Blockchain technology utilizes a distributed, decentralized computing and storage architecture, offering advantages such as decentralization, transparency, and immutability. Peer nodes in a blockchain network reach consensus through a consensus algorithm and share the same data in a distributed manner. Because the same data is stored across multiple network nodes in a blockchain network, an attack on a single node cannot damage the data stored in the blockchain, thus ensuring data security and integrity.

[0004] Leveraging the technical characteristics of blockchain and edge computing, a distributed blockchain-based internet information service regulatory architecture has emerged to address shortcomings in traditional centralized content regulation models, such as explosive growth in storage requirements, inefficient regulation due to high-frequency interactive services, and data collaboration, security, and confidentiality. This architecture, combining a blockchain system with edge computing technology, offers advantages over traditional centralized architectures, including reduced storage requirements, higher regulatory efficiency, and greater credibility. Specifically, blockchain technology enables consensus among multiple regulatory stakeholders on regulatory processes and outcomes, trusted transfer and storage of regulatory instructions and data, and efficient and reliable collaboration among stakeholders based on on-chain rules. In practical applications, the system's underlying blockchain integrates a distributed engine based on edge computing technology, distributing regulatory rules to edge devices, which then perform computations. Only the returned result data is received and stored on-chain. This enables efficient processing and reliable detection and reporting of internet service provider content data, while also alleviating on-chain storage pressures.

[0005] However, a single blockchain often cannot meet practical needs. For one thing, regulatory systems require scalability at both the business and storage levels. Implementing a regulatory system on a single chain prevents the isolation of regulatory logic across different regulatory entities, hindering the expansion of regulatory operations. Furthermore, on a single chain, all nodes on the chain must store identical copies of data. Business data outside the regulatory body is unnecessary for the main nodes within the institution, resulting in significant data redundancy and limiting the scalability of system storage. Therefore, blockchain-based internet information regulatory architectures are often multi-chain. Furthermore, actual regulatory operations often involve multiple regulatory groups with varying levels of authority. When these varying levels of authority are mapped onto the regulatory architecture, blockchains with varying levels and permissions are required. Consequently, multi-chain systems within blockchain-based regulatory architectures are often layered and multi-tiered.

[0006] Compared to a flat blockchain interconnected architecture, a layered multi-chain architecture often involves multiple blockchains in cross-chain transmission paths. Furthermore, layered multi-chain systems used for internet information regulation often require multi-chain data collaboration. Therefore, they place higher demands on the efficiency of inter-chain message transmission.

[0007] Cross-chain blockchain technology transcends the data consensus boundaries of a single blockchain system, enabling secure and consistent changes in data state between independent blockchain systems. The two main challenges to be addressed are cross-chain information transmission and cross-chain trust transfer, which is ensured by cross-chain data verification technology. Currently, the mainstream cross-chain verification mechanisms can be divided into three categories: notary verification, SPV verification, and hash time locks.

[0008] The core concept of notary verification is to utilize a group of mutually trusted off-chain nodes as notaries, responsible for monitoring, verifying, and forwarding cross-chain transactions on each chain. There are three main notary modes: single-signature, multi-signature, and distributed signature. The verification process for each notary mode is consistent, differing in the number of nodes and the consensus process for the verification results. The verification process for all three modes can be simply summarized as follows: the notary verifies the existence and state validity of the transaction on the initiating chain and then signs it. The receiving chain then verifies the notary's signature.

[0009] The core concept of SPV verification is to leverage on-chain contractual algorithms and the root of trust (block header) of the cross-chain transaction initiator to verify the existence and state validity of transactions. The verification process and results are witnessed and guaranteed by all nodes on the validating chain. Currently, some sidechains and relay chains widely utilize SPV verification. The SPV verification process can be summarized as follows: the initiating chain collects proofs of transaction existence or state validity, sends the cross-chain data and the collected proofs to the receiving chain, and the receiving chain uses the proofs to verify the validity of the initiating chain data.

[0010] The core concept of a hash timelock is to utilize on-chain contracts to implement a set of protocols, triggered by the transacting parties, enabling data exchange between different blockchains without the need for a third party. Specifically, the initiator randomly selects a random number as a hash decryption key, then hashes the random number and sends the resulting hash value as the hash-locked public key to the responder. If both parties provide the random number within the specified time, the pre-locked data elements in the contract are successfully exchanged.

[0011] Verifying state validity and transaction existence during notary and SPV verification processes is the most critical aspect of cross-chain data verification methods that requires optimization. Transaction existence refers to whether a transaction has been written to the source blockchain's main chain; state validity refers to whether global consensus has been reached for the transaction's related state information. Verification requires obtaining the root of trust from the transaction's initiating chain, either on-chain or off-chain, and ensuring synchronization between the root of trust and the initiating chain. The verification process requires the coordinated use of cross-chain data, proofs of data existence or validity (typically Merkle proofs), and the root of trust. Synchronizing the root of trust is often extremely expensive: data verifiers must continuously synchronize the root of trust and ensure its validity through a series of complex mechanisms. When these processes are performed on-chain, they incur significant computational and storage overhead. On-chain data verification also involves numerous verification processes, such as Merkle proofs, which involve numerous hash calculations and are computationally expensive. Hash timelocks, however, require both parties on the cross-chain to be online simultaneously and perform a series of protocol operations, making it difficult to meet the automated requirements of internet information regulation. Summary of the Invention

[0012] In response to the above problems, the present invention proposes a distributed Internet content supervision system, including: a supervision chain, which is used to formulate supervision policies, initiate or transmit transaction information, and receive, return or transmit the transaction results of the transaction information; a business chain, which is used to monitor the Internet content of the supervision group in real time, execute the received transaction information, and return the transaction results; with the supervision chain as the root node and intermediate node, and the business chain as the leaf node, a hierarchical multi-chain multi-tree architecture is constructed, and the multi-tree is divided into multiple supervision layers and one business layer based on the tree height and node type; the business chain is mounted on a bottom supervision chain of the bottom supervision layer; each middle supervision layer includes at least one middle supervision chain; and the top supervision layer includes a top supervision chain.

[0013] In the distributed Internet content supervision system described in the present invention, any subordinate supervision chain is mounted on its directly superior supervision chain, and a trust relationship exists between the subordinate supervision chain and the directly superior supervision chain. The trust relationship includes: when the subordinate supervision chain completes the identity verification of the directly superior supervision chain, it recognizes the authenticity and validity of the transaction information transmitted by the directly superior supervision chain to the subordinate supervision chain; and cross-chain communication between supervision chains at the same supervision layer is isolated.

[0014] In the distributed Internet content supervision system described in the present invention, n accounting nodes are selected from the supervision chain as trust anchor points to form a trust anchor point group corresponding to its directly subordinate supervision chain. When the supervision chain transmits transaction information to the directly subordinate supervision chain, if more than m trust anchor points sign the transaction information, the directly subordinate supervision chain passes the identity authentication of the supervision chain; m<n; the supervision chain at the bottom supervision layer sets the trust anchor point group corresponding to the business chain.

[0015] The present invention also proposes a cross-chain data transmission method, which realizes cross-chain communication based on the distributed Internet content supervision system as described above. The cross-chain data transmission method includes: based on the trust relationship between the upper and lower chains, conducting cross-chain transactions initiated by the upper-level supervision chain to the lower-level supervision chain on the same transmission path; based on the light node SPV verification method, conducting cross-chain transactions initiated by the lower-level supervision chain to the upper-level supervision chain on the same transmission path.

[0016] The cross-chain data transmission method described in the present invention is that when the upper-level custody chain initiates a cross-chain transaction to the lower-level custody chain, the cross-chain gateway of the upper-level custody chain monitors the contract execution result and parses the transmission direction of the cross-chain information of the cross-chain transaction, obtains the directly lower-level custody chain in the transmission direction, signs the transaction information of the cross-chain transaction with the trusted anchor point group corresponding to the directly lower-level custody chain, and sends it to the cross-chain gateway of the directly lower-level custody chain; and passes it downward in sequence until the transaction information is transmitted to the lower-level custody chain. When a subordinate chain initiates a cross-chain transaction to a superior chain, a hash verification path is generated based on the block height and storage location of the cross-chain transaction within the block. The subordinate chain's cross-chain gateway forwards the transaction information of the cross-chain transaction with the hash verification path to the subordinate chain's immediate superior chain. The subordinate chain's cross-chain gateway parses the data packet, accesses the locally stored block header of the subordinate chain, and continuously hashes along the verification path to obtain the final hash value. This is then compared with the root node hash value at the corresponding block height in the block header to verify the existence of the transaction and the validity of the state. This process is then passed upward in sequence until the transaction information is transmitted to the superior chain. When a cross-chain transaction is conducted between two chains on two different transmission paths, based on the common parent chain of the two chains, the cross-chain transaction is divided into an upward transmission process from the initiating chain to the common parent chain and a downward transmission process from the common parent chain to the target chain.

[0017] The cross-chain data transmission method of the present invention further includes: when a new supervision chain intends to join the distributed Internet content supervision system, the new supervision chain selects a supervision chain of the upper supervision layer of the level to be joined as the upper supervision chain according to the level to be joined, and initiates an access application to the upper supervision chain; the upper supervision chain reviews the access application off-chain, and after the review is passed, selects n accounting nodes on the upper supervision chain as trust anchor points corresponding to the new supervision chain to form a trust anchor point group; selects an elliptic curve, and selects a base point G and the private key sk of each trust anchor point in the trust anchor point group i Point multiplication generates the signature public key P of the trust anchor group i =sk i ·G,; according to P i Get the aggregate public key P of the trust anchor group = Σ n a i ·P i , a i is a linear coefficient; the aggregated public key P, base point G and signature threshold m are synchronized to the signature verification contract of the new supervision chain; the cross-chain gateway of the upper-level supervision chain connects the light node of the upper-level supervision chain to the new supervision chain, continuously synchronizes the block header of the new supervision chain and stores it locally on the cross-chain gateway.

[0018] The present invention also proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, characterized in that when the computer-executable instructions are executed, the cross-chain data verification method as described above is implemented.

[0019] The present invention also proposes a data processing device, including the computer-readable storage medium as described above, which is arranged in the accounting nodes of the supervision chain and business chain of the distributed Internet content supervision system. When the processor of the data processing device calls and executes the computer-executable instructions in the computer-readable storage medium, cross-chain data verification based on the distributed Internet content supervision system is realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the layered multi-chain system architecture of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of each chain in a single trust anchor point verification process.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a diagram of verification based on the trust anchor method.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the functional modules involved in a single verification process based on a common parent chain.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-chain verification steps based on the common parent chain.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a diagram of a special case of horizontal cross-chain information transmission.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the special case improvement of the cross-chain verification scheme based on the common parent chain.

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a data processing device of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific implementation methods described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0029] While researching cross-chain verification methods, the inventors discovered that the difficulty in balancing reliability and efficiency in existing technologies stems from the need for traditional cross-chain architectures to support inter-chain zero-trust, as well as universal requirements such as flat, ad-hoc networking. In these cross-chain architectures, there is no established trust relationship between the parties involved in cross-chain transactions, necessitating the reliance on zero-trust cross-chain data verification technologies such as on-chain SPV and hash timelocks. These technologies suffer from the following issues that affect verification efficiency:

[0030] (1) On-chain SPV verification has a significant impact on verification latency. First, if the SPV verification trust root synchronization and Merkle proof verification processes are performed off-chain, the verification process cannot avoid the problem of insufficient credibility caused by a single point of maliciousness. When these processes are performed on-chain, the computational and storage overhead is often very large. In on-chain verification, all blockchain consensus nodes are validators, and the overall verification latency often increases linearly with the size of the blockchain. The synchronization of the trust root is tightly coupled with the consensus algorithm and is often complex. The verification process of transaction existence or state validity proof often involves Merkle path verification. Regardless of the depth of the relevant block path, multiple hashes need to be calculated during path verification, and the computational overhead of hash operations is very large. At the same time, if the transaction data or state data is not stored in the block header in the form of a Merkle tree, Merkle verification cannot be performed. In this case, more complex methods are required, such as smart contract transplantation or smart contract transfer.

[0031] (2) Although the hash time lock scheme does not require on-chain SPV verification, its applicable scenarios are limited. It requires both parties of data exchange to be online at the same time and to operate according to time-sensitive protocols. It is often used for cross-chain asset exchange and cannot meet the automation requirements of the Internet content supervision system.

[0032] Based on the above analysis, for internet information regulation scenarios, the first step is to abandon hash timelock solutions, which have limited automation. To improve the efficiency of cross-chain data verification within a layered multi-chain architecture, it is necessary to minimize on-chain SPV verification while ensuring the trustworthiness of the verification process. The inventors discovered that within a layered, multi-level regulatory framework, due to the established authority relationships among regulatory groups, each regulatory blockchain has a trust relationship with its parent chain. Therefore, in some cases, SPV verification, which is suitable for zero-trust, flat interconnected scenarios, can be abandoned in favor of a notary-based verification solution. Traditional notary verification processes also require the notary entity to prove the existence or validity of a transaction. By leveraging this trust relationship and incorporating it into the specific design of the verification process, the traditional notary verification process can be optimized, thereby improving the efficiency of cross-chain data verification.

[0033] This paper proposes a cross-chain verification method for a layered multi-chain architecture for Internet information supervision. By utilizing the permission characteristics of the layered multi-chain system, a cross-chain data verification method based on trust anchors is proposed to achieve more efficient cross-chain information mutual recognition to support the regulatory system's demand for inter-chain message transmission efficiency.

[0034] The present invention constructs a hierarchical multi-chain architecture for Internet information supervision and proposes a highly applicable and efficient cross-chain verification method based on trust anchors. By fully combining the architectural features of the hierarchical multi-chain, efficient uplink and downlink cross-chain data and flat-layer flow are achieved, solving the problem of high transmission delay in the classic flat, ad-hoc cross-chain mode. The hierarchical multi-chain architecture for Internet information supervision of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0035] The core technical problem addressed by this invention is how to improve the efficiency of cross-chain transaction verification within the aforementioned architecture. Downstream cross-chain transactions can leverage trust relationships to optimize verification methods, thereby improving verification efficiency. However, upstream cross-chain transactions lack established inter-chain trust relationships during the transaction process, necessitating the appropriate utilization of existing verification technologies. Cross-chain verification between parallel chains, however, lacks compatibility between blockchains on the same layer, necessitating the improvement of verification efficiency without changing the system architecture.

[0036] The cross-chain data verification method for a distributed Internet content supervision system of the present invention includes:

[0037] (1) Hierarchical and multi-level blockchain organization for Internet information supervision

[0038] like Figure 1As shown in the figure, the Internet information supervision system of the present invention includes multiple blockchains, which are divided into supervision chains and business chains. The business chain is connected to Internet service providers through a distributed engine, and conducts real-time monitoring of content and execution of supervision instructions. The supervision chain is responsible for formulating supervision strategies, initiating supervision instructions, and storing the returned results of supervision instructions. There are multiple levels in the system, and there are several blockchains at each level. The business chain at the bottom layer of the system includes the supervision implementers and Internet service providers in the directly superior supervision group, and the data uploading and storage process is jointly witnessed by the supervision implementers and Internet service providers. Each supervision chain connected to the system represents a supervision group at its corresponding supervision level. When accessing the system, it needs to determine a blockchain with higher authority than itself and mount it, and perform operations such as access application, synchronization of trust anchors, and synchronization of block headers. Except for the top-level blockchain, each chain accesses the system by mounting its directly superior chain. Among the same levels, in order to reduce system complexity and functional flexibility, there is no mounting adaptation relationship. For two chains with a mounting relationship, different from the situation under a flat architecture, there is a trust relationship from the lower level to the upper level. For example, in specific operations, the top-level supervision chain corresponds to the supervision group at the national level, the secondary supervision chain corresponds to the supervision group at the provincial level, the tertiary supervision chain corresponds to the supervision group at the municipal level, and the quaternary supervision chain corresponds to the specific business supervision group. The business supervision group includes supervision subjects and supervised objects.

[0039] (2) Cross-chain verification based on trust anchors

[0040] The cross-chain verification method based on trust anchors is a verification solution applied to special cross-chain scenarios based on the established trust relationship between the upper and lower chains. Different from the traditional notary verification method, its advantage is that it does not need to verify the existence and state validity of transactions. The trust relationship between the upper and lower chains means that in the blockchain supervision system with hierarchical multi-chains, due to the difference in supervision function permissions and the subordinate relationship between the groups represented by the lower chain and the upper chain, the lower chain does not need to verify the authenticity and validity of the received upper-level instructions. That is, after confirming that the source of the message is the direct superior, it believes that the message is not forged (identity-based verification). Therefore, this trust relationship can be applied to the cross-chain verification process: if there is a subordinate trust relationship between two chains, the verification of the existence and state validity of the transaction can be omitted by verifying the identity of the message sender. Specifically, when the cross-chain message signer is the accounting node of the upper chain, it can ensure that the relevant transaction has been packaged into a block and uploaded to the chain before forwarding the message. At the same time, in order to avoid single-point failures or malicious behavior, the m-of-n BLS aggregation signature algorithm is introduced, and the cross-chain transaction can only be recognized by the lower chain when the number of signatures is greater than or equal to m (m < n). Therefore, there are several entities in the cross-chain solution based on trust anchors: the upper-chain trust anchor group, the upper-chain cross-chain gateway, the lower-chain cross-chain gateway, and the lower-chain verification contract. The relevant modules of each chain for a single downward transaction verification are as follows Figure 2 The following describes the functions of each main body.

[0041] The parent chain trust anchor group is a set of accounting nodes on the parent chain. In addition to packaging transactions, it also has the function of signing cross-chain messages. Each custody chain requires a trust anchor group. During the attachment phase of the subordinate chain, signatures are pre-calculated, including the aggregate public key P of all anchors (n) and their respective member keys MKi. The aggregate public key P is synchronized with the subordinate chain via an off-chain method and recorded in the subordinate chain's signature verification contract. When a downstream cross-chain transaction is monitored, the transaction is signed. The underlying custody chain sets the trust anchor group corresponding to the business chain, while the non-underlying custody chain sets the trust anchor group corresponding to the directly subordinate custody chain.

[0042] The upper chain cross-chain gateway is the off-chain infrastructure of the upper chain, with the functions of monitoring and forwarding cross-chain transactions. After monitoring the downstream cross-chain transaction, it waits for the anchor group signature and forwards it to the corresponding lower-level mounting chain after receiving the signature.

[0043] The lower-level chain cross-chain gateway is the off-chain infrastructure of the lower-level chain, capable of identifying the source of cross-chain messages, signing, and forwarding them to the chain. After receiving a cross-chain transaction from another chain, it parses the data packet header to determine the source direction of the message and forwards it to the on-chain verification contract in the form of an on-chain transaction to execute the corresponding verification logic.

[0044] The Subchain Verification Contract is an on-chain contract on the subchain responsible for verifying the source of cross-chain transactions and invoking the corresponding business contract. The contract's verification logic is simple, requiring only three bilinear pairing curve calculations and one matching. Placing the calculations on-chain enables each custodial chain to maintain a record of the verification results of cross-chain transactions.

[0045] The verification steps based on the trust anchor point are as follows Figure 3 shown.

[0046] (3) Cross-chain verification based on a common parent chain

[0047] The cross-chain verification method based on a common parent chain is a solution that uses a blockchain that is mutually trusted by both parties to the transaction as a trust anchor. It can be used in a layered multi-chain architecture where there is a need for cross-chain communication between two chains at the same level. Specifically, since there is no mutual adaptation process between blockchains at the same level in the overall system architecture, whenever a new link is added, it only needs to be connected to the direct superior chain of the corresponding regulatory group of the chain. Therefore, there is a lack of trust basis based on the superior-subordinate relationship between blockchains at the same level. However, there is an entity that both parties trust in the two chains mentioned above, that is, their common parent chain (superior chain), so the common parent chain is used as a trust anchor. In addition, both chains have a two-way cross-chain communication method with the common parent chain: the cross-chain information transmitted downward is implemented through the trust anchor-based solution mentioned above, and the cross-chain information transmitted upward is implemented through the SPV light node verification mode (because there is no trust relationship between the superior and the subordinate chain). Compared with the notary-like solution, it is only necessary to add an SPV verification module to the cross-chain gateway of the superior chain and a hash path generation module to the subordinate chain, such as Figure 4 shown.

[0048] The SPV verification module verifies the existence and state validity of transactions transmitted across the chain. It consists of a light client that connects to the lower-level chain and continuously synchronizes its block headers. Upon receiving a cross-chain message from a lower-level chain, it parses the data packet and uses the hash path and transaction hash value in the packet to verify the existence of the transaction on the original chain.

[0049] The function of the hash path generation module is to provide credentials for cross-chain data verification of the upper chain. When the gateway monitors the existence of an upward cross-chain transaction on the lower chain, the module will extract a path from the root node to the leaf node of the transaction in the Merkle tree of the block where the transaction is located. The cross-chain verification steps based on the common parent chain are as follows: Figure 5 For detailed description, please refer to the specific implementation method.

[0050] Figure 6 In the special case shown, if two blockchains on the same layer with a cross-chain transaction need to share a common parent chain, the indirect parent chain of the two blockchains will serve as the trust anchor. In this case, without improvement, the chain initiating the cross-chain transaction will need to synchronize multiple trust roots upwards and perform SPV verification operations layer by layer. Once the transaction reaches the indirect parent chain, it will need to be signed multiple times downwards and verify the trust anchor layer by layer. To optimize the verification efficiency of this process, a forward verification scheme is used. Forward verification means that the transaction initiating chain synchronizes the trust root not only with the immediate parent chain but also with the indirect parent chain. In this case, the indirect parent chain verifies the existence and state validity of the transaction. After verification, the signature is directly sent to the destination blockchain of the transaction. Because the indirect parent chain and the destination chain also have a trust relationship, the destination chain can verify the information of the indirect parent chain based on the anchor.

[0051] Based on the forward verification scheme, the indirect parent chain acts as the identity of the parent chain in general. Due to the long delay of temporary trust root synchronization, the verification efficiency in this case will be lower than that in general. The execution process of the forward scheme is as follows Figure 7 shown.

[0052] In the new Internet content supervision architecture based on blockchain, this paper specifically designs three cross-chain verification methods applicable to layered multi-chain blockchain systems, corresponding to the three cross-chain communication directions.

[0053] As shown in Table 1.

[0054] Information Flow Verification Method Cross-chain information is passed downward Notary-like scheme based on trusted nodes Cross-chain information transmission upward Light Node SPV Verification Scheme Cross-chain information transmission Cross-chain verification scheme based on common parent chain

[0055] Table 1

[0056] When cross-chain information is transmitted downward, the trust anchor solution eliminates the transaction existence and state validity verification steps required in traditional flat cross-chain models. By using a trust anchor group consisting of upper-chain accounting nodes, the cross-chain verification process is simplified to a threshold signature and verification process. This rationally utilizes inter-chain trust relationships, improves cross-chain verification efficiency, and avoids single points of failure and over-centralization.

[0057] When cross-chain information is transmitted upward, since there is no trust relationship between the upper level and the lower level, the SPV verification method suitable for the flat cross-chain model is used. However, compared with the traditional light node verification scheme, its advantage is that the trust root of the lower chain can be obtained at a lower cost: during the lower chain mounting phase, the upper chain gateway will connect a light node to the lower chain to continuously synchronize the trust root, thus ensuring low-cost synchronization of the trust root.

[0058] When cross-chain information is transmitted horizontally, there is no established trust relationship and no cross-chain infrastructure that is compatible with each other. Therefore, a cross-chain verification scheme based on a common parent chain is designed. Compared with direct adaptation between chains at the same level, this scheme has the advantage of reducing storage overhead on and off the chain and simplifying the process of new links joining the system. If there are n blockchains in the lower layer, the verification scheme of the present invention only requires the upper chain to synchronize O(n) trust root chains; while the scheme of direct one-to-one adaptation between chains requires synchronization of O(n^2) trust root chains. New links joining the system do not need to adapt one-to-one with other chains at the same level, but only need to mount and synchronize the trust root with the directly superior chain. The additional delay overhead caused is the one-time signature construction and verification process, but the additional delay overhead of this process is not large.

[0059] The following describes the implementation process of the invention in detail. The process can be divided into the mounting phase and the execution phase. The mounting phase starts with the verification environment required to configure a new link to the system and describes the pre-operations for deploying relevant modules in cross-chain verification. The execution phase starts with the three cross-chain information flows and describes the execution steps of three corresponding cross-chain verification methods.

[0060] (1) Pre-operation during the mounting phase

[0061] Step 1.1: The lower-level blockchain initiates a system access application to the upper-level blockchain;

[0062] In step 1.2, the upper-level blockchain reviews the application off-chain. If approved, it selects some accounting nodes on the upper-level blockchain as trust anchors.

[0063] Step 1.3: Select an elliptic curve and multiply the base point G with the private key ski of n trust anchor points to generate their respective signature public keys Pi

[0064] Pi=ski·G;

[0065] Step 1.4: Generate linear coefficients ai based on the public keys of the anchor group, linearly add n public keys to obtain the aggregate public key P

[0066] =Σ n ai·Pi;

[0067] Step 1.5: Synchronize the aggregated public key P, base point G, and signature threshold m to the signature verification contract of the lower-level blockchain;

[0068] In step 1.6, the upper-level blockchain gateway connects the light node to the lower-level blockchain, continuously synchronizes the block headers and stores them locally on the gateway.

[0069] (2) Cross-chain verification scheme based on trust anchor

[0070] Step 2.1: The upper blockchain initiates a cross-chain transaction to the lower blockchain;

[0071] Step 2.2: The upper-level cross-chain gateway monitors the contract execution result and parses the transmission direction of the cross-chain message. If it is a transaction transmitted downward, it notifies the trusted anchor group to sign;

[0072] In step 2.3, the trust anchor group synchronously monitors cross-chain transactions. After receiving the cross-chain gateway message, it generates a signature S' and the signer's public key P' and sends them to the cross-chain gateway, where:

[0073] (S', P') = (Σ m Sj, Σ m Pj),

[0074] Sj=skj·H(P,m)+MKj,

[0075] MKj=(a1·sk1)H(P,i)+(a2·sk2)H(P,i)+(a3·sk3)H(P,i)…

[0076] Step 2.4: The cross-chain gateway forwards the signed transaction to the lower-level cross-chain gateway.

[0077] Step 2.5: The lower-level chain cross-chain gateway parses the data packet to determine the source direction of the message. If it is a downlink cross-chain message, it is passed to the signature verification contract;

[0078] Step 2.6: The signature verification contract verifies the signature using the base point and aggregated public key synchronized during the mounting phase. The signature verification calculation is:

[0079] e(G,S')=e(P',H(P,m))·e(P,H(P,1)+H(P,2)+H(P,3)...)

[0080] Step 2.7: After the signature verification is passed, the corresponding on-chain regulatory business contract is called to perform subsequent operations.

[0081] (3) Light Node SPV Verification Scheme

[0082] Step 3.1: The lower-level blockchain initiates a cross-chain transaction to the upper-level blockchain;

[0083] In step 3.2, the lower-level cross-chain gateway monitors the contract execution result and analyzes the transmission direction of the cross-chain message. If it is an upward transaction, a hash verification path is generated based on the exchange's block height and storage location in the block;

[0084] Step 3.3: The cross-chain gateway forwards the cross-chain transaction with the hash verification path to the immediate parent chain;

[0085] Step 3.4: The upper-level blockchain cross-chain gateway parses the data packet and determines the source direction of the message. If it is an upward or horizontal cross-chain message, it accesses the locally stored block header chain of the transaction sender's blockchain;

[0086] In step 3.5, the cross-chain gateway obtains a final hash value by continuously hashing along the verification path, and compares it with the root node hash value of the corresponding block height in the block header to verify the existence of the transaction and the validity of the state (the verification method is based on the Merkle tree in BTC as an example. Different Merkle trees use specific Merkle tree path verification methods).

[0087] Step 3.6: If the verification is successful, the corresponding on-chain regulatory business contract is called to perform subsequent operations.

[0088] (4) Cross-chain verification scheme based on a common parent chain

[0089] Step 4.1: The lower-layer blockchain initiates a cross-chain transaction to the same-layer blockchain;

[0090] In step 4.2, the cross-chain gateway of the lower-level blockchain monitors the contract execution result and analyzes the transmission direction of the cross-chain message. If it is a horizontal transaction, it generates a hash verification path based on the exchange's block height and storage location in the block, and executes steps 3.3, 3.4, and 3.5.

[0091] Step 4.3: After verification, the cross-chain gateway sends the cross-chain transaction to the chain for evidence storage, generates a downward cross-chain transaction to the destination blockchain of the original transaction, and executes steps 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, and 2.7.

[0092] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the data processing device of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium and a data processing device. The data processing device includes a computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer-executable instructions. The data processing device serves as a bookkeeping node for the custody chain and business chain of the layered multi-chain custody system. When the computer-executable instructions are executed by the processor of the data processing device, cross-chain transaction verification of the layered multi-chain custody system is implemented. Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the above method can be completed by a program to instruct related hardware (such as a processor, FPGA, ASIC, etc.), and the program can be stored in a readable storage medium such as a read-only memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. All or part of the steps in the above embodiment can also be implemented using one or more integrated circuits. Accordingly, each module in the above embodiment can be implemented in the form of hardware, for example, by implementing its corresponding functions through an integrated circuit, or it can be implemented in the form of software functional modules, for example, by having a processor execute a program / instructions stored in a memory to implement its corresponding functions. The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to any specific form of hardware and software combination.

[0093] The overall technical effect of the present invention is to make the cross-chain transaction verification process of the layered multi-chain supervision system simpler, the verification latency lower, and the adaptation requirements for the access chain lower. By rationally utilizing the inter-chain trust relationship of the system, the efficiency of cross-chain data verification is optimized.

[0094] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent technical solutions also fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A distributed Internet content supervision system, characterized in that: include: The chain of custody is used to formulate regulatory policies, initiate or transmit transaction information, and receive, return or transmit the transaction results of the transaction information; The business chain is used to monitor the Internet content of the regulatory group in real time, execute the received transaction information, and return the transaction results; With the supervision chain as the root node and intermediate node, and the business chain as the leaf node, a multi-tree architecture with multiple layers of layers is constructed. The multi-tree is divided into multiple supervision layers and one business layer based on the tree height and node type. The business chain is mounted on an underlying supervision chain of the underlying supervision layer. Each middle supervision layer includes at least one middle supervision chain. The top supervision layer includes a top supervision chain.

2. The distributed Internet content supervision system according to claim 1, wherein: Any subordinate chain of custody is mounted on its immediate superior chain of custody, and there is an inter-chain trust relationship between the subordinate chain of custody and the immediate superior chain of custody. The inter-chain trust relationship includes: once the subordinate chain of custody completes the identity verification of the immediate superior chain of custody, it recognizes the authenticity and validity of the transaction information transmitted by the immediate superior chain of custody to the subordinate chain of custody; cross-chain communication between the chains of custody at the same regulatory level is isolated.

3. The distributed Internet content supervision system according to claim 2, wherein: Select n accounting nodes from the custody chain as trust anchors to form the trust anchor group corresponding to its directly subordinate custody chain. When the custody chain transmits transaction information to the directly subordinate custody chain, if more than m trust anchors sign the transaction information, the directly subordinate custody chain passes the identity verification of the custody chain; m < n; Among them, the supervision chain at the bottom supervision layer sets the trust anchor point group corresponding to the business chain.

4. A cross-chain data transmission method, based on the distributed Internet content supervision system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, to achieve cross-chain communication, characterized in that: The cross-chain data transmission method includes: Based on the trust relationship between the upper and lower chains, cross-chain transactions initiated from the upper chain to the lower chain on the same transmission path are carried out; Based on the light node SPV verification method, cross-chain transactions initiated by the lower-level custody chain to the upper-level custody chain on the same transmission path are carried out.

5. The cross-chain data transmission method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the upper-level custody chain initiates a cross-chain transaction to the lower-level custody chain, the cross-chain gateway of the upper-level custody chain monitors the contract execution result and parses the transmission direction of the cross-chain information of the cross-chain transaction, obtains the direct lower-level custody chain in the transmission direction, signs the transaction information of the cross-chain transaction with the trusted anchor point group corresponding to the direct lower-level custody chain, and sends it to the cross-chain gateway of the direct lower-level custody chain; It is passed down in sequence until the transaction information is passed to the lower level of the custody chain.

6. The cross-chain data transmission method according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the subordinate chain initiates a cross-chain transaction to the superior chain, a hash verification path is generated based on the block height and storage location of the cross-chain transaction in the block. The cross-chain gateway of the subordinate chain forwards the transaction information of the cross-chain transaction with the hash verification path to the subordinate chain's immediate superior chain. The cross-chain gateway of the immediate superior chain parses the data packet, accesses the locally stored block header of the subordinate chain, and obtains the final hash value by continuously hashing along the verification path. The final hash value is compared with the root node hash value of the corresponding block height in the block header to verify the existence of the transaction and the validity of the status. The information is passed upward in sequence until it reaches the upper level of the custody chain.

7. The cross-chain data transmission method according to claim 4, characterized in that: When a cross-chain transaction is conducted between two custody chains on two transmission paths, based on the common parent custody chain of the two custody chains, the cross-chain transaction is divided into an upward transmission process from the initiating custody chain to the common parent custody chain and a downward transmission process from the common parent custody chain to the target custody chain.

8. The cross-chain data transmission method according to claim 4, characterized in that: Also includes: When a new chain of supervision intends to join the distributed Internet content supervision system, it selects a chain of supervision at the next higher level as its superior chain of supervision based on the level it intends to join, and initiates an access application to the superior chain of supervision. The superior chain of supervision reviews the access application off-chain, and upon approval, selects n accounting nodes on the superior chain of supervision as trust anchors corresponding to the new chain of supervision, forming a trust anchor group. Select an elliptic curve, and select the base point G and the private key sk of each trust anchor point in the trust anchor point group i Point multiplication generates the signature public key P of the trust anchor group i =sk i ·G,; according to P i Get the aggregate public key P of the trust anchor group = Σ n a i ·P i , a i is a linear coefficient; the aggregated public key P, base point G and signature threshold m are synchronized to the signature verification contract of the new supervision chain; the cross-chain gateway of the upper-level supervision chain connects the light node of the upper-level supervision chain to the new supervision chain, continuously synchronizes the block header of the new supervision chain and stores it locally on the cross-chain gateway.

9. A computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, characterized in that: When the computer-executable instructions are executed, the cross-chain data verification method according to any one of claims 4 to 8 is implemented.

10. A data processing device, comprising the computer-readable storage medium as described in claim 9, which is set in the accounting nodes of the supervision chain and business chain of the distributed Internet content supervision system. When the processor of the data processing device calls and executes the computer-executable instructions in the computer-readable storage medium, cross-chain data verification based on the distributed Internet content supervision system is realized.

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