Time delay determination method and device, electronic equipment, storage medium and program product

Abstract

The invention provides a time delay determination method and device, electronic equipment, a storage medium and a program product, and relates to the technical field of communication. According to the method, the time delay of the uplink service signal is predicted by using the residual time delay of the broadband pilot signal and the change rate of the residual time delay, so that the precision and the reliability of time delay estimation are remarkably improved. According to the method, by introducing the concept of the time delay change rate, the dynamic change trend of the time delay can be dynamically reflected in real time, so that the time delay of the service signal can be more accurately predicted, and the problem that the time delay estimation accuracy is low when the signal-to-noise ratio is low or the bandwidth of the service signal is small in the existing method is effectively solved; and thus, the performance and reliability of service signal demodulation are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a method, device, electronic device, storage medium, and program product for determining a time delay. Background Art

[0002] Signal latency has always been a key challenge in modern satellite communications, especially in low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communications. The rapid relative motion between LEO satellites and ground terminals results in constantly varying signal transmission latency. This latency variation significantly challenges receiver time synchronization. Inadequate time synchronization accuracy during signal demodulation can severely degrade demodulation performance, potentially leading to increased bit error rates.

[0003] Existing methods typically involve the terminal calculating the appropriate uplink signal transmission time based on ephemeris and then transmitting an uplink broadband pilot signal. Upon receiving this signal, the base station estimates the residual delay and notifies the terminal to make adjustments. The terminal adjusts the uplink signal transmission time based on feedback from the base station and uses the pilot signal of the uplink traffic signal to assist the base station in channel estimation and signal demodulation.

[0004] This existing solution uses service signal pilots in the final step to estimate residual delay, which is susceptible to various factors. In particular, in situations where service signal reception quality is poor, such as low signal-to-noise ratios or narrow service signal bandwidths, the accuracy of delay estimation can drop significantly, directly leading to a loss in service signal demodulation performance and impacting communication quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a method, device, electronic device, storage medium and program product for determining a time delay, so as to improve the problem that the existing methods are inaccurate in delay estimation when the signal-to-noise ratio is low or the service signal bandwidth is small, thereby leading to poor signal demodulation performance.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining a time delay, which is applied to a base station. The method includes: receiving uplink service signals sent by the terminal; Acquire a broadband residual delay of a first broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal; Determining a service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate; Among them, the residual delay change rate characterizes the degree of change of the residual delay over time, and the residual delay change rate is determined based on the residual delay of the second broadband pilot signal received within at least one recent delay fluctuation period. The delay fluctuation period refers to the time interval between two adjacent adjustment moments, and the adjustment moment refers to the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal.

[0007] In this implementation, the accuracy and reliability of delay estimation are significantly improved by using the residual delay and residual delay change rate of the broadband pilot signal to predict the delay of the uplink service signal. By introducing the concept of delay change rate, this method can dynamically and in real time reflect the dynamic changes in delay, thereby more accurately predicting the service signal delay. This effectively solves the problem of low delay estimation accuracy in existing methods when the signal-to-noise ratio is low or the service signal bandwidth is small, thereby improving the performance and reliability of service signal demodulation.

[0008] Optionally, the determining the service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate includes: Based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate, a linear prediction algorithm is used to determine the service residual delay of the uplink service signal.

[0009] In the above implementation process, this method not only considers the delay status at the current moment, but also predicts the delay change trend at future moments through the delay change rate, thereby being able to more accurately estimate the residual delay of the service signal.

[0010] Optionally, the determining the service residual delay of the uplink service signal by using a linear prediction algorithm based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate includes: Acquire a time difference between a start time of an uplink subframe of the uplink service signal and a start time of an uplink subframe of the first broadband pilot signal; Determining a residual delay change value according to a product of the time difference and the residual delay change rate; The service residual delay of the uplink service signal is determined according to the sum of the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change value.

[0011] In the above implementation process, this method takes into account the instantaneous value of the delay and also predicts the changing trend of the delay through the dynamic change rate, effectively improving the accuracy and reliability of the delay estimation.

[0012] Optionally, the residual delay change rate is obtained in the following manner: Obtaining residual delays of two second broadband pilot signals received within a most recent delay fluctuation period, and obtaining uplink subframe start times of the two second broadband pilot signals; Determining a delay difference between the residual delays of the two second broadband pilot signals and a time difference between start times of uplink subframes of the two second broadband pilot signals; The residual delay change rate is calculated according to the delay difference and the time difference.

[0013] In this implementation, the residual delay difference and time difference between the two broadband pilot signals during the most recent delay fluctuation period are precisely calculated, and the residual delay change rate is derived. This provides a dynamic and accurate reference metric for delay estimation. This calculation method, based on actual measurement data, effectively captures short-term delay trends and improves the accuracy of delay estimation.

[0014] Optionally, the residual delay change rate is obtained in the following manner: Obtaining a residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period in the at least one most recent delay fluctuation period; Calculating an average of the residual delay change rates corresponding to the at least one most recent delay fluctuation period, and using the average as a final residual delay change rate; The residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period is obtained by the following method: Obtaining residual delays of two second broadband pilot signals received within each delay fluctuation period, and obtaining uplink subframe start times of the two second broadband pilot signals; Determining a delay difference between the residual delays of the two second broadband pilot signals and a time difference between start times of uplink subframes of the two second broadband pilot signals; The residual delay variation rate corresponding to the delay fluctuation period is calculated according to the delay difference and the time difference.

[0015] In this implementation, by integrating residual delay rate of change data from multiple delay fluctuation periods and calculating the average as the final residual delay rate of change, the stability and reliability of the delay rate of change estimation are effectively improved. This method not only considers the delay variation trend within a single fluctuation period but also reduces estimation errors caused by short-term interference or noise by integrating multi-period data, thereby more accurately reflecting the long-term dynamic changes in delay.

[0016] Optionally, the two second broadband pilot signals include the first broadband pilot signal and the last broadband pilot signal received by the base station within a delay fluctuation period, or the two second broadband pilot signals include any two broadband pilot signals received by the base station within a delay fluctuation period.

[0017] In the above implementation process, the adaptability and accuracy of delay estimation are significantly improved by flexibly selecting two broadband pilot signals (which can be the first and last, or any two) within the delay fluctuation period to calculate the residual delay change rate.

[0018] Optionally, the delay fluctuation period is determined by: Acquire a subframe number sent by the terminal, where the subframe number is sent when the terminal adjusts a transmission time of an uplink signal based on signaling from the base station; Determine a time interval between subframe start times corresponding to two adjacent subframe numbers, where the time interval is the delay fluctuation period.

[0019] In the above implementation process, by analyzing the subframe number sent by the terminal when adjusting the uplink signal transmission time based on base station signaling, the base station can quickly and accurately calculate the time interval between adjacent subframe start times, thereby determining the delay fluctuation period.

[0020] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a delay determination device, applied to a base station, the device including: A service signal receiving module, configured to receive uplink service signals sent by a terminal; A broadband delay acquisition module, configured to acquire a broadband residual delay of a first broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal; A service delay acquisition module, configured to determine the service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate; Among them, the residual delay change rate characterizes the degree of change of the residual delay over time, and the residual delay change rate is determined based on the residual delay of the second broadband pilot signal received within at least one recent delay fluctuation period. The delay fluctuation period refers to the time interval between two adjacent adjustment moments, and the adjustment moment refers to the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal.

[0021] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the steps in the method provided in the first aspect above are executed.

[0022] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps in the method provided in the first aspect are executed.

[0023] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, comprising computer program instructions, which, when read and executed by a processor, execute the steps in the method provided in the first aspect above.

[0024] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in the following description and, in part, will become apparent from the description or be understood by practicing the embodiments of the present application. The objectives and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained through the structures particularly pointed out in the written description, claims, and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0026] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for determining a time delay provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A structural block diagram of a delay determination device provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of an electronic device for executing a delay determination method provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0028] It should be noted that the terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of the present invention are used interchangeably. "Multiple" refers to two or more. In view of this, in the embodiments of the present invention, "multiple" can also be understood as "at least two." "And / or" describes the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / ", unless otherwise specified, generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0029] It should also be noted that all actions of obtaining signals, information or data in this application are carried out in compliance with the relevant data protection laws and policies of the country where they are located and with the authorization given by the owner of the corresponding device.

[0030] The present application provides a method for determining delay, which is applied to a base station. This method significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of delay estimation by using the residual delay and residual delay change rate of a broadband pilot signal to predict the delay of an uplink service signal. By introducing the concept of the delay change rate, this method can dynamically and in real time reflect the dynamic variation trend of the delay, thereby more accurately predicting the service signal delay. This effectively addresses the issue of low delay estimation accuracy in existing methods when the signal-to-noise ratio is low or the service signal bandwidth is small, thereby improving the performance and reliability of service signal demodulation.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for determining a time delay provided in an embodiment of the present application is provided. The method is applied to a base station, which may be a satellite base station. The method for determining a time delay may include the following steps: Step S110: Receive an uplink service signal sent by the terminal.

[0032] Uplink service signals refer to signals that carry actual user data, such as voice, video, and text, generated through modulation and coding. Depending on the specific application and system design, the bandwidth of uplink service signals can be wide or narrow. For example, video transmission may require a wider bandwidth, while voice calls may only require a narrower bandwidth.

[0033] When the terminal needs to interact with the base station for service information, the terminal sends an uplink service signal to the base station to carry the user data that needs to be transmitted.

[0034] Step S120: Acquire the broadband residual delay of the first broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal.

[0035] A broadband pilot signal is a known signal with a specific structure and characteristics. It is usually composed of a set of specific pseudo-random sequences or orthogonal frequency division multiplexing pilot symbols. Broadband pilot signals are mainly used for purposes such as channel estimation, delay estimation, frequency offset estimation, and synchronization. By receiving and processing pilot signals, base stations can obtain channel state information, estimate signal delay, frequency shift and other parameters, thereby providing a basis for subsequent signal processing and demodulation.

[0036] The broadband pilot signal usually has a wider bandwidth to provide higher time and frequency resolution, which enables the broadband pilot signal to more accurately reflect the characteristics of the channel and helps to improve the accuracy of channel estimation and delay estimation.

[0037] The terminal usually sends a broadband pilot signal at a certain frequency and period to ensure that the base station can obtain channel state information in real time. For example, in a cellular communication system, the pilot signal may be sent at the beginning of each time slot or subframe.

[0038] The first broadband pilot signal here may refer to the broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal is received, the previous broadband pilot signal may refer to the broadband pilot signal received most recently before the uplink service signal, or the first broadband pilot signal received within the current delay fluctuation period, or any broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal.

[0039] The delay fluctuation period will be explained in subsequent embodiments, so we will not explain it in detail here. For example, the base station receives signaling from the terminal to adjust the transmission time of the uplink signal. The signaling includes the time when the terminal adjusted the transmission time of the uplink signal. After this time, the current delay fluctuation period begins. If the base station receives an uplink service signal after this time, the base station can obtain any broadband pilot signal received in the time interval between this time and the time when the uplink service signal is received, or the first broadband pilot signal received after this time, and use it as the first broadband pilot signal. If the time is T1 and the time when the uplink service signal is received is T2, any or the first broadband pilot signal received between T1 and T2 can be used as the first broadband pilot signal. Of course, if no broadband pilot signal is received during this period, the broadband pilot signal received closest to time T1 can also be used as the first broadband pilot signal.

[0040] After determining the first broadband pilot signal, the residual delay of the first broadband pilot signal can be obtained. For the sake of distinction, the residual delay of the broadband pilot signal can be referred to as broadband residual delay, and the residual delay of the subsequent uplink service signal can be referred to as service residual delay. Essentially, both represent the time difference between the actual reception time and the expected reception time of the signal. For example, the broadband residual delay represents the time difference between the actual reception time and the expected reception time of the first broadband pilot signal.

[0041] In some implementations, a correlation algorithm may be used to estimate the broadband residual delay of the first broadband pilot signal, such as delay estimation based on phase difference. Specifically, the phase information of the first broadband pilot signal may be extracted to calculate the phase information on each subcarrier. Then, according to the phase difference formula, the relationship between the phase difference and the time extension is used to estimate the residual delay. Alternatively, delay estimation based on the cross-correlation method may be used, such as performing a cross-correlation operation using the broadband pilot signals of the terminal and the base station, finding the position corresponding to the peak of the correlation function, and thus determining the residual delay. Of course, other algorithms may also be used to estimate the broadband residual delay, such as delay estimation based on the least squares method, which will not be illustrated here one by one.

[0042] Step S130: Determine the service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate.

[0043] Among them, the residual delay change rate can represent the degree of change of the residual delay over time. The residual delay change rate is determined based on the residual delay of the second broadband pilot signal received within at least one recent delay fluctuation period. The delay fluctuation period refers to the time interval between two adjacent adjustment moments, and the adjustment moment refers to the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal.

[0044] The following first describes the delay fluctuation period. For example, after accessing a satellite network, a terminal can first use satellite ephemeris to calculate the appropriate uplink signal transmission time and send a broadband pilot signal to the base station. The base station uses the received broadband pilot signal to estimate the residual delay. This delay estimation can be performed using the broadband residual delay estimation method for the first broadband pilot signal described above. Each subsequent time the base station receives a broadband pilot signal, it can use the same method to estimate the residual delay. The base station then sends the estimated residual delay to the terminal and instructs it to adjust the uplink signal transmission time. This means that the terminal can now transmit the signal earlier based on the residual delay to compensate for the delay. However, due to the motion of the satellite and terminal, the delay may vary due to factors such as their motion and the environment. Therefore, the signal actually received by the base station may still have a delay. In this case, the delay estimated by the base station is called the residual delay.

[0045] Based on base station signaling (including residual delay), the terminal can adjust the uplink signal transmission time, which takes effect at the start of the next uplink subframe. This action is called timing adjustment. The terminal can notify the base station of the adjustment time through signaling. However, if the terminal does not receive the delay adjustment command from the base station, it will not adjust the uplink signal transmission time and will not send the adjustment time to the base station.

[0046] For example, initially, the base station receives the adjustment time sent by the terminal as T0. After a period of time, the base station receives the adjustment time sent by the terminal as T1. At this time, the period from T0 to T1 can be called a delay fluctuation cycle. After another period of time, the base station receives the adjustment time sent by the terminal as T2. The period from TI to T2 is also called a delay fluctuation cycle.

[0047] The residual delay change rate indicates the degree of temporal variation in the residual delay of the broadband pilot signal within at least one recent delay fluctuation period. The at least one recent delay fluctuation period can be understood as the delay fluctuation period or periods closest to the current time. For example, if the current time is after T2, the at least one recent delay fluctuation period can refer to the delay fluctuation period T1-T2, or to both the delay fluctuation periods T0-T1 and T1-T2.

[0048] Taking the delay fluctuation period T1-T2 as an example, the residual delay change rate can be determined by the residual delay of the second wideband pilot signal received during the delay fluctuation period. The second wideband pilot signal here can refer to at least two wideband pilot signals. For example, the delay change rate can be predicted based on the wideband residual delay of these at least two wideband pilot signals. In some implementations, prediction can be performed using a neural network model. For example, the wideband residual delay of all wideband pilot signals received during the T1-T2 period can be input into the neural network model, and the delay change rate can be predicted using the neural network model.

[0049] After obtaining the broadband residual delay and residual delay change rate of the first broadband pilot signal, the service residual delay of the uplink service signal can be predicted. For example, the broadband residual delay and residual delay change rate can be input into a neural network model, and the neural network model can be used to predict the service residual delay of the uplink service signal.

[0050] Alternatively, the service residual delay of the uplink service signal can be determined through polynomial fitting. For example, the residual delays of multiple broadband pilot signals within multiple delay fluctuation periods are obtained, as well as multiple residual delay change rates calculated using the residual delays of these broadband pilot signals. A polynomial fitting equation is then constructed using these residual delays and multiple residual delay change rates. The polynomial coefficients in the polynomial fitting equation are then solved using the least squares method. The broadband residual delay and residual delay change rates can then be substituted into the polynomial fitting equation to obtain the service residual delay of the uplink service signal.

[0051] After obtaining the service residual delay of the uplink service signal, the base station can use the service residual delay to compensate for the delay of the uplink service signal when demodulating the uplink service signal, so as to improve its demodulation performance.

[0052] In this implementation, the accuracy and reliability of delay estimation are significantly improved by using the residual delay and residual delay change rate of the broadband pilot signal to predict the delay of the uplink service signal. By introducing the concept of delay change rate, this method can dynamically and in real time reflect the dynamic changes in delay, thereby more accurately predicting the service signal delay. This effectively solves the problem of low delay estimation accuracy in existing methods when the signal-to-noise ratio is low or the service signal bandwidth is small, thereby improving the performance and reliability of service signal demodulation.

[0053] Based on the above embodiment, when determining the service residual delay of the uplink service signal, the service residual delay of the uplink service signal may also be determined using a linear prediction algorithm based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate.

[0054] The linear prediction algorithm may be a linear regression algorithm, an autoregressive model, a Kalman filter algorithm, or the like.

[0055] When using the linear regression algorithm for prediction, the time difference between the start time of the uplink subframe of the uplink service signal and the start time of the uplink subframe of the first broadband pilot signal can be obtained first, and then the residual delay change value can be determined based on the product of the time difference and the residual delay change rate. Then, the service residual delay of the uplink service signal can be determined based on the sum of the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change value.

[0056] The linear regression model can be expressed as ,in, Indicates the mth uplink service signal received during the kth delay fluctuation period, represents the broadband residual delay of the first broadband pilot signal, represents the residual delay change rate, The start time of the uplink subframe of the mth uplink service signal received within the kth delay fluctuation period, Indicates the start time of the uplink subframe of the first broadband pilot signal, It indicates the residual delay variation value.

[0057] In this way, the cumulative delay between the first broadband pilot signal and the uplink service signal can be characterized by the residual delay variation value, and then the service residual delay of the uplink service signal can be estimated by adding the broadband residual delay of the first broadband pilot signal.

[0058] If the Kalman filter algorithm is used to achieve prediction, specifically, the state vector is defined as ,in, represents the broadband residual delay at the kth moment, represents the residual delay change rate at the kth moment. Assuming that at adjacent moments, the changes in broadband residual delay and delay change rate conform to a linear relationship, the state transition equation is: , where F is the state transfer matrix, for example, , is the time interval, Represents process noise. If it is Gaussian white noise, its covariance matrix is Q.

[0059] The observation value is the broadband residual delay of the broadband pilot signal , the observation equation is: , H is the observation matrix, for example, H = [1 0], Represents the observation noise. If it is Gaussian white noise, the variance is R.

[0060] The Kalman gain is iteratively updated using the broadband residual delay of the broadband pilot signal, and then the state estimate obtained by Kalman filtering can be used and For example, the service residual delay of the uplink service signal is: , Indicates the time difference between the start time of the uplink subframe of the broadband pilot signal and the above-mentioned service signal.

[0061] The Kalman filter algorithm can effectively handle noise interference and dynamic changes in delay, thus effectively improving the accuracy of delay prediction.

[0062] It can be understood that the kth delay fluctuation period described in the above embodiment may refer to the current delay fluctuation period. For example, in the above example, T0-T1 is the first delay fluctuation period, and T1-T2 is the second delay fluctuation period. If an uplink service signal is received after time T2, then the uplink service signal is within the third delay fluctuation period. For the uplink service signal received after time T2, the service residual delay can be obtained according to the above method until the base station obtains the adjustment time T3 sent by the terminal. The method for obtaining the service residual delay of the uplink service signal after T3 is also similar, except that the first broadband pilot signal and the residual delay change rate will change.

[0063] For the first delay fluctuation period, since the residual delay change rate may not be available at this time, the residual delay of the uplink service signal within the first delay fluctuation period can be obtained based on the uplink service signal itself. The method is similar to the method for obtaining the broadband residual delay of the broadband pilot signal, and the description is not repeated here until the T1 time sent by the terminal is obtained. At this time, the base station can calculate the residual delay change rate, and the residual delay of subsequent uplink service signals can be obtained based on the residual delay change rate.

[0064] In the above implementation process, this method not only considers the delay status at the current moment, but also predicts the delay change trend at future moments through the delay change rate, thereby being able to more accurately estimate the residual delay of the service signal.

[0065] Based on the above embodiment, since the communication environment is constantly changing with the movement of the satellite base station and / or terminal, its delay is also constantly changing. Therefore, in order to obtain a more accurate residual delay change rate, the residual delays of two second broadband pilot signals received in the most recent delay fluctuation period can be obtained, and the uplink subframe start time of the two second broadband pilot signals can be obtained. Then, the delay difference between the residual delays of the two second broadband pilot signals and the time difference between the uplink subframe start times of the two second broadband pilot signals are determined. Based on the delay difference and the time difference, the residual delay change rate can be calculated.

[0066] Taking the above example as an example, the most recently received adjustment time of the base station is T2. For the uplink service signal received after T2, the most recent delay fluctuation period is T1-T2. The two second broadband pilot signals within the delay fluctuation period can be any two broadband pilot signals. Then, the residual delay (i.e., broadband residual delay) of each second broadband pilot signal is obtained by the method in the above embodiment, and the uplink subframe start time of the two second broadband pilot signals can also be obtained.

[0067] When calculating the residual delay change rate, the calculation formula is as follows: , represents the residual delay change rate corresponding to the kth delay fluctuation period, represents the residual delay of one of the two second broadband pilot signals, represents the residual delay of the other broadband pilot signal of the two second broadband pilot signals, represents the uplink subframe start time of one of the two second broadband pilot signals, The ratio of the delay difference to the time difference can be used as the residual delay variation rate.

[0068] It can be understood that if only one or no broadband pilot signal is received in the most recent delay fluctuation period, the most recent delay fluctuation period can be postponed forward, such as T0-T1, to obtain the two second broadband pilot signals received in the delay fluctuation period. Of course, if only one or no broadband pilot signal is received in the delay fluctuation period, then the period can be postponed forward again.

[0069] The reason we use two second wideband pilot signals within a delay fluctuation period to determine the residual delay change rate is that the residual delay of the service signal varies linearly within a delay fluctuation period. This variation is caused by the accumulation of ephemeris error and crystal oscillator frequency error, and this cumulative effect varies linearly over time. This solution leverages the sawtooth-like periodic fluctuations in uplink signal delay to predict the residual delay of the service signal based on the residual delay of the wideband pilot signal, thereby improving the accuracy of the residual delay estimation of the service signal.

[0070] In this implementation, the residual delay difference and time difference between the two broadband pilot signals during the most recent delay fluctuation period are precisely calculated, and the residual delay change rate is derived. This provides a dynamic and accurate reference metric for delay estimation. This calculation method, based on actual measurement data, effectively captures short-term delay trends and improves the accuracy of delay estimation.

[0071] On the basis of the above embodiment, in the above method of obtaining the residual delay change rate, it can also be obtained based on at least one most recent delay fluctuation period, such as first obtaining the residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period in at least one most recent delay fluctuation period, and then calculating the average of the residual delay change rates corresponding to at least one most recent delay fluctuation period, and using the average as the final residual delay change rate.

[0072] The method for obtaining the residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period is as described in the above embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0073] For example, if at least one of the most recent delay fluctuation cycles includes two delay fluctuation cycles, the residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation cycle can be obtained in the above manner. However, when calculating the residual delay change rate, for each delay fluctuation cycle, the delay difference between the residual delays of the two second broadband pilot signals within the cycle and the time difference between the start times of the uplink subframes of the two second broadband pilot signals within the cycle are obtained. Then, the residual delay change rate can be calculated according to the above calculation formula.

[0074] After obtaining the two residual delay variation rates, the two residual delay variation rates can be averaged, and the obtained average value can be used as the final residual delay variation rate for subsequent service residual delay calculation of uplink service signals.

[0075] It can be understood that if the residual delay change rate is calculated each time according to at least one most recent delay fluctuation period, the base station will recalculate the residual delay change rate according to at least one most recent delay fluctuation period after each new adjustment moment is obtained, that is, the residual delay change rate is continuously updated, and the service residual delay of the uplink service signal is calculated according to the latest residual delay change rate.

[0076] Of course, if the number of broadband pilot signals received in the latest delay fluctuation period is less than 2, the residual delay variation rate corresponding to the delay fluctuation period cannot be calculated, and the residual delay variation rate does not need to be updated.

[0077] In this implementation, by integrating residual delay rate of change data from multiple delay fluctuation periods and calculating the average as the final residual delay rate of change, the stability and reliability of the delay rate of change estimation are effectively improved. This method not only considers the delay variation trend within a single fluctuation period but also reduces estimation errors caused by short-term interference or noise by integrating multi-period data, thereby more accurately reflecting the long-term dynamic changes in delay.

[0078] Based on the above embodiment, the two second broadband pilot signals within the above-mentioned one delay fluctuation period may include the first broadband pilot signal and the last broadband pilot signal received by the base station within one delay fluctuation period, or the two second broadband pilot signals include any two broadband pilot signals received by the base station within one delay fluctuation period.

[0079] It can be understood that the first broadband pilot signal and the last broadband pilot signal received during the delay fluctuation period represent the delay conditions at the start and end of the delay fluctuation period, respectively. They can better reflect the overall change trend of the delay during the period and are highly representative. Through the delay data at these two times, the average change rate of the delay during the entire fluctuation period can be calculated.

[0080] Selecting any two broadband pilot signals within the delay fluctuation period to calculate the residual delay variation rate has higher flexibility.

[0081] In some embodiments, when calculating the residual delay change rate for a delay fluctuation period as described above, all broadband pilot signals received within the delay fluctuation period can also be selected for calculation. For example, the residual delay of every two broadband pilot signals is obtained, and the corresponding residual delay change rate is calculated. These residual delay change rates are then averaged, and the obtained average value can be used as the residual delay change rate corresponding to the delay fluctuation period. In this way, a more stable and accurate delay change rate estimate can be obtained.

[0082] In the above implementation process, the adaptability and accuracy of delay estimation are significantly improved by flexibly selecting two broadband pilot signals (which can be the first and last, or any two) within the delay fluctuation period to calculate the residual delay change rate.

[0083] Based on the above embodiment, the above-mentioned delay fluctuation period can be determined in the following manner: obtain the subframe number sent by the terminal, the subframe number is sent when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal based on the signaling of the base station, and then determine the time interval between the subframe start times corresponding to two adjacent subframe numbers. This time interval is the delay fluctuation period.

[0084] After estimating the residual delay of the broadband pilot signal according to the broadband pilot signal sent by the terminal, the base station sends an adjustment instruction to the terminal. The adjustment instruction includes the residual delay. The terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal according to the adjustment instruction, that is, advances the transmission time by the residual delay and transmits it. The adjustment takes effect at the start time of the next uplink subframe. At this time, the terminal sends the uplink subframe number S corresponding to the adjustment time to the base station. n , S nIncludes the system frame number and subframe number, where n=1, 2, ..., indicating the nth time the terminal adjusts the uplink signal transmission time based on the base station's signaling since full access.

[0085] The base station receives S n Then, the system frame number and subframe number are obtained from it, and the time corresponding to two adjacent subframe numbers is determined, such as S n With S n+1 The time interval between uplink subframes S n The starting time and S n+1 The time between the starting moment and the ending moment is the nth fluctuation cycle, so the duration of the nth fluctuation cycle is T n Equal to subframe S n+1 The starting time minus S n The starting time, that is In this way, the base station can determine the delay fluctuation period through the subframe number sent by the terminal.

[0086] In the above implementation process, by analyzing the subframe number sent by the terminal when adjusting the uplink signal transmission time based on base station signaling, the base station can quickly and accurately calculate the time interval between adjacent subframe start times, thereby determining the delay fluctuation period.

[0087] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a structural block diagram of a delay determination device 200 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The delay determination device 200 may be a module, program segment or code on an electronic device. It should be understood that the delay determination device 200 is similar to the above-mentioned Figure 1 The method embodiment corresponds to the embodiment that can be executed Figure 1 The various steps involved in the method embodiment and the specific functions of the delay determination device 200 can be found in the above description. To avoid repetition, detailed description is appropriately omitted here.

[0088] Optionally, the delay determination device 200 includes: The service signal receiving module 210 is used to receive uplink service signals sent by the terminal; The broadband delay acquisition module 220 is configured to acquire a broadband residual delay of a first broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal; A service delay acquisition module 230 is configured to determine the service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate; Among them, the residual delay change rate characterizes the degree of change of the residual delay over time, and the residual delay change rate is determined based on the residual delay of the second broadband pilot signal received within at least one recent delay fluctuation period. The delay fluctuation period refers to the time interval between two adjacent adjustment moments, and the adjustment moment refers to the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal.

[0089] Optionally, the service delay acquisition module 230 is configured to determine the service residual delay of the uplink service signal by using a linear prediction algorithm based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate.

[0090] Optionally, the service delay acquisition module 230 is used to obtain the time difference between the start time of the uplink subframe of the uplink service signal and the start time of the uplink subframe of the first broadband pilot signal; determine the residual delay change value based on the product of the time difference and the residual delay change rate; and determine the service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the sum of the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change value.

[0091] Optionally, the service delay acquisition module 230 is configured to acquire the residual delay change rate in the following manner: Obtaining residual delays of two second broadband pilot signals received within a most recent delay fluctuation period, and obtaining uplink subframe start times of the two second broadband pilot signals; Determining a delay difference between the residual delays of the two second broadband pilot signals and a time difference between start times of uplink subframes of the two second broadband pilot signals; The residual delay change rate is calculated according to the delay difference and the time difference.

[0092] Optionally, the service delay acquisition module 230 is configured to acquire the residual delay change rate in the following manner: Obtaining a residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period in the at least one most recent delay fluctuation period; Calculating an average of the residual delay change rates corresponding to the at least one most recent delay fluctuation period, and using the average as a final residual delay change rate; The residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period is obtained by the following method: Obtaining residual delays of two second broadband pilot signals received within each delay fluctuation period, and obtaining uplink subframe start times of the two second broadband pilot signals; Determining a delay difference between the residual delays of the two second broadband pilot signals and a time difference between start times of uplink subframes of the two second broadband pilot signals; The residual delay variation rate corresponding to the delay fluctuation period is calculated according to the delay difference and the time difference.

[0093] Optionally, the two second broadband pilot signals include the first broadband pilot signal and the last broadband pilot signal received by the base station within a delay fluctuation period, or the two second broadband pilot signals include any two broadband pilot signals received by the base station within a delay fluctuation period.

[0094] Optionally, the service delay acquisition module 230 is configured to determine the delay fluctuation period by: Acquire a subframe number sent by the terminal, where the subframe number is sent when the terminal adjusts a transmission time of an uplink signal based on signaling from the base station; Determine a time interval between subframe start times corresponding to two adjacent subframe numbers, where the time interval is the delay fluctuation period.

[0095] It should be noted that those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working process of the device described above can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0096] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device for executing a delay determination method provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the electronic device may include: at least one processor 310, such as a CPU, at least one communication interface 320, at least one memory 330, and at least one communication bus 340. The communication bus 340 is used to implement connection and communication between these components. The communication interface 320 of the device in the embodiment of the present application is used to communicate signaling or data with other node devices. The memory 330 may be a high-speed RAM memory or a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage. The memory 330 may optionally be at least one storage device located away from the aforementioned processor. The memory 330 stores computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor 310, the electronic device executes the process of the delay determination method described above.

[0097] I understand. Figure 3 The structure shown is only for illustration, and the electronic device may also include Figure 3 More or fewer components than shown, or with Figure 3 Different configurations shown. Figure 3 Each component shown in the figure can be implemented by hardware, software or a combination thereof.

[0098] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method process executed by the electronic device in the above method embodiment is performed.

[0099] This embodiment discloses a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions. When the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer can perform the methods provided in the above method embodiments, for example, including: receiving uplink service signals sent by the terminal; Acquire a broadband residual delay of a first broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal; Determining a service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate; Among them, the residual delay change rate characterizes the degree of change of the residual delay over time, and the residual delay change rate is determined based on the residual delay of the second broadband pilot signal received within at least one recent delay fluctuation period. The delay fluctuation period refers to the time interval between two adjacent adjustment moments, and the adjustment moment refers to the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal.

[0100] In summary, the embodiments of the present application provide a method, apparatus, electronic device, storage medium, and program product for determining a time delay. This method significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of delay estimation by utilizing the residual delay and residual delay change rate of a broadband pilot signal to predict the delay of an uplink service signal. By introducing the concept of the delay change rate, this method can dynamically and in real time reflect the dynamic change trend of the delay, thereby more accurately predicting the delay of the service signal. This effectively addresses the problem of low delay estimation accuracy in existing methods when the signal-to-noise ratio is low or the service signal bandwidth is small, thereby improving the performance and reliability of service signal demodulation.

[0101] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. The device embodiments described above are merely schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some communication interface, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0102] In addition, the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0103] Furthermore, the functional modules in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated together to form an independent part, or each module can exist independently, or two or more modules can be integrated to form an independent part.

[0104] In this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, but do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0105] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and variations of the present application are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for determining a time delay, characterized in that: Applied to a base station, the method includes: receiving uplink service signals sent by the terminal; Acquire a broadband residual delay of a first broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal; Determining a service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate; Among them, the residual delay change rate characterizes the degree of change of the residual delay over time, and the residual delay change rate is determined based on the residual delay of the second broadband pilot signal received within at least one recent delay fluctuation period. The delay fluctuation period refers to the time interval between two adjacent adjustment moments, and the adjustment moment refers to the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The determining, based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate, the service residual delay of the uplink service signal includes: Based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate, a linear prediction algorithm is used to determine the service residual delay of the uplink service signal.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The determining the service residual delay of the uplink service signal by using a linear prediction algorithm based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate includes: Acquire a time difference between a start time of an uplink subframe of the uplink service signal and a start time of an uplink subframe of the first broadband pilot signal; Determining a residual delay change value according to a product of the time difference and the residual delay change rate; The service residual delay of the uplink service signal is determined according to the sum of the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change value.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The residual delay change rate is obtained by: Obtaining residual delays of two second broadband pilot signals received within a most recent delay fluctuation period, and obtaining uplink subframe start times of the two second broadband pilot signals; Determining a delay difference between the residual delays of the two second broadband pilot signals and a time difference between start times of uplink subframes of the two second broadband pilot signals; The residual delay change rate is calculated according to the delay difference and the time difference.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein The residual delay change rate is obtained by: Obtaining a residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period in the at least one most recent delay fluctuation period; Calculating an average of the residual delay change rates corresponding to the at least one most recent delay fluctuation period, and using the average as a final residual delay change rate; The residual delay change rate corresponding to each delay fluctuation period is obtained by the following method: Obtaining residual delays of two second broadband pilot signals received within each delay fluctuation period, and obtaining uplink subframe start times of the two second broadband pilot signals; Determining a delay difference between the residual delays of the two second broadband pilot signals and a time difference between start times of uplink subframes of the two second broadband pilot signals; The residual delay variation rate corresponding to the delay fluctuation period is calculated according to the delay difference and the time difference.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that The two second broadband pilot signals include the first broadband pilot signal and the last broadband pilot signal received by the base station within a delay fluctuation period, or the two second broadband pilot signals include any two broadband pilot signals received by the base station within a delay fluctuation period.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The delay fluctuation period is determined by: Acquire a subframe number sent by the terminal, where the subframe number is sent when the terminal adjusts a transmission time of an uplink signal based on signaling from the base station; Determine a time interval between subframe start times corresponding to two adjacent subframe numbers, where the time interval is the delay fluctuation period.

8. A delay determination device, characterized in that: Applied to a base station, the device includes: A service signal receiving module, configured to receive uplink service signals sent by a terminal; A broadband delay acquisition module, configured to acquire a broadband residual delay of a first broadband pilot signal received before the uplink service signal; A service delay acquisition module, configured to determine the service residual delay of the uplink service signal based on the broadband residual delay and the residual delay change rate; Among them, the residual delay change rate characterizes the degree of change of the residual delay over time, and the residual delay change rate is determined based on the residual delay of the second broadband pilot signal received within at least one recent delay fluctuation period. The delay fluctuation period refers to the time interval between two adjacent adjustment moments, and the adjustment moment refers to the moment when the terminal adjusts the transmission time of the uplink signal.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that: The method comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores computer-readable instructions. When the computer-readable instructions are executed by the processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is executed.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is executed.

11. A computer program product, characterized in that The method comprises computer program instructions, and when the computer program instructions are read and executed by a processor, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is executed.

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