Method for sustainable removal of acacia mangium

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for continuously removing acacia mangium, which comprises the following steps: S1, in March, planting a large amount of shade-tolerant pteridium aquilinum ground covers under an over-mature acacia mangium forest to form a first separation net; s2, a litter layer with the thickness not smaller than 8 cm is reserved or manually laid under the acacia mangium overmature forest, and a second separation net is formed; s3, in September to October, carrying out strip-shaped felling on the acacia mangium overripe forest, then planting arbors and shrubs with large crown breadths, and ensuring the shading degree of 30% or above. According to the method, on the basis of a triple germination resistance technology of physical isolation, allelopathy inhibition and light environment regulation and control, after an overmature acacia mangium forest is cut down, seeds, falling on the ground, of the acacia mangium cannot germinate and are developed into dominant communities, so that the purpose of thoroughly removing the foreign acacia mangium is achieved, and the removal rate can reach 96.3%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of forestry ecological control, and in particular to a method for sustainable removal of Acacia mangium. Background Art

[0002] Acacia mangium is native to Australia, Indonesia and other places. It has the characteristics of fast growth and high yield, strong adaptability, nitrogen fixation and soil improvement. It is widely used in barren hillside greening and fast-growing and high-yield forest construction in South my country. Acacia mangium is mainly managed as a pure forest. After 11 years, the biomass accumulation tends to slow, the ability to utilize radiation and water resources decreases, the infection rate of heart rot increases, and the forest productivity and ecological service functions gradually deteriorate. After the overmature Acacia mangium forest closes, the light transmittance in the forest is low, resulting in low species richness and diversity in the forest, which has a certain impact on the regeneration of native species under the forest and the conservation of diversity. Therefore, the South China region has carried out the Acacia mangium forest transformation and forest quality precision improvement project.

[0003] During the regeneration of overmature Acacia mangium forests, seeds dropped after felling quickly germinate upon contact with bare soil, allowing the young Acacia mangium seedlings to rapidly grow into dominant populations. Existing methods for clearing Acacia mangium often use physical felling combined with chemical treatments, but these methods have the following drawbacks: 1. The bare soil exposed after felling allows seeds in the seed bank to germinate rapidly under light stimulation (literature suggests germination rates can exceed 85%); 2. Chemical herbicides can easily contaminate the soil and require repeated application; and 3. Traditional manual removal of seedlings is costly (over 2,000 yuan per mu per year). Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a sustainable removal method for Acacia mangium, aiming to solve the above technical problems.

[0005] The method for sustainable removal of Acacia mangium provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1. In March, shade-tolerant fern ground cover was planted under the overmature Acacia mangium forest to form the first isolation network.

[0007] S2. Preserve or artificially lay a litter layer at least 8 cm thick under the overmature Acacia mangium stands to form a second isolation net.

[0008] S3. Conduct strip felling of overmature Acacia mangium forests in September and October, and then plant trees and shrubs over 5 years old with a crown width of more than 1.5 m in the felled area to ensure a shade of more than 30%.

[0009] Furthermore, the shade-tolerant fern ground cover is any one or more of Dicranopteris dichotoma and Pteris chinensis, and the height of the shade-tolerant fern ground cover is 15-30 cm, and the planting density is not less than 9 plants / m2 , the crown-width intersection rate is greater than 90%.

[0010] Furthermore, the litter layer contains allelopathic substances or is soaked in allelopathic substances.

[0011] Furthermore, the litter layer is eucalyptus bark or a mixture of eucalyptus bark, pine bark and fir bark processed into 5cm×5cm.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, a litter layer of more than 3 cm is added every quarter to maintain the thickness.

[0013] Furthermore, the tree is any one or more of Schima superba, Cinnamomum camphora and Cercis chinensis, and the shrub is Ligustrum lucidum and / or Euphorbia milii.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S3, when strip felling the overmature Acacia mangium forest, 10-15 cm stumps are retained.

[0015] Furthermore, step S3 also includes: after the strip felling, planting fast-growing trees and shrubs within 10m of the edge of the felled area to form a shade barrier.

[0016] Furthermore, the method further includes step S4: installing an infrared camera to monitor the germination of the Acacia mangium seedlings and taking timely measures to deal with the germination.

[0017] Furthermore, the method further includes step S5: when a germination point is found, it is immediately covered with black non-woven fabric to block light.

[0018] Furthermore, the black non-woven fabric has a gram weight of 150 g / m2 or more.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The present invention provides a method for the sustainable removal of the invasive species Acacia mangium. Based on a triple sprout prevention technology of "physical isolation + allelopathic inhibition + light environment regulation," after overmature Acacia mangium forests are felled, their seeds that fall to the ground cannot germinate and subsequently develop into a dominant community, thereby achieving the goal of completely eliminating the invasive species Acacia mangium, with a removal rate of up to 96.3%. Furthermore, the sustainable removal method of the present invention develops quantitative control indicators for litter thickness and ground cover, enabling the method to overcome the shortcomings of traditional methods, significantly reducing the germination rate of Acacia mangium seeds and eliminating the cost of manual seedling removal. Furthermore, the sustainable removal method of the present invention establishes a continuous control system based on microenvironmental modification, eliminating the need for chemical herbicides, causing no soil pollution, and being environmentally friendly. Natural regeneration communities are formed after three years. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.

[0022] Figure 1 This is the first Dicranopteris dichotoma ground cover photo in Example 1;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a photo of the second Dicranopteris dichotoma ground cover in Example 1;

[0024] Figure 3 For photos of laying eucalyptus bark;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a photo of Acacia mangium before being cut down in the examples of this application;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a photo of Acacia mangium after being cut down in the examples of this application;

[0027] Figure 6 For photos after planting the shrubs;

[0028] Figure 7 For photos after planting the trees;

[0029] Figure 8 Mounting photos for infrared cameras;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a photo of vegetation growth in the same experimental area after felling. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments.

[0032] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for sustainable removal of Acacia mangium, comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1. During the rainy season in March, plant a large number of shade-tolerant fern ground covers under overmature Acacia mangium stands. This is done before the Acacia mangium seeds mature (May-June). The dense ground cover forms a first barrier, isolating fallen Acacia mangium seeds from the soil and preventing them from germinating.

[0034] S2. Preserve or artificially lay a litter layer at least 8 cm thick under the overmature Acacia mangium stands to form a secondary isolation net, isolating fallen Acacia mangium seeds from the soil and preventing them from germinating.

[0035] S3. Strip-fell overmature Acacia mangium stands in September and October. Plant trees and shrubs five years or older with a canopy width of at least 1.5 meters in the cleared area. This will reduce the number of Acacia mangium seeds that fall to the ground and the intensity of sunlight they receive, ensuring at least 30% shade and minimizing germination. Furthermore, since Acacia mangium blooms in September and October, felling before seeds have formed will help reduce seed drop. The cool, crisp autumn weather is also conducive to construction work.

[0036] Specifically, the shade-tolerant fern ground cover is any one or more of Dicranopteris dichotoma, Pteris crenata, etc. The height of the shade-tolerant fern ground cover is 15-30 cm, the planting density is not less than 9 plants / m2, and the crown-width intersection rate is greater than 90%, thereby reducing the number of Acacia mangium seeds falling on the ground.

[0037] Specifically, the litter layer contains allelopathic substances or is soaked in allelopathic substances, such as terpenes, tannins, etc., so that the litter layer not only has a physical isolation effect, isolating the fallen seeds of Acacia mangium from the soil, but the allelopathic substances can also inhibit the germination of Acacia mangium seeds.

[0038] Specifically, the litter layer is eucalyptus bark or a mixture of eucalyptus bark, pine bark and fir bark processed into 5cm×5cm. Pine and fir are important timber species in the south. The bark can be obtained in large quantities, and the material is easy to obtain and low in cost.

[0039] Preferably, the litter layer is eucalyptus bark or a mixture of eucalyptus bark, pine bark and fir bark that is more than 8 years old and processed into 5cm×5cm. The tannin content of the eucalyptus, pine or fir bark that is more than 8 years old is higher than that of the eucalyptus, pine or fir bark that is less than 8 years old, and the fibers are coarser and less prone to rot, which is more conducive to preventing Acacia mangium seeds from falling to the ground.

[0040] Specifically, the soaking treatment is performed by soaking the seeds in a tannin solution (concentration 8%) for more than 24 hours to inhibit the germination of the Acacia mangium seeds that fall on the litter layer.

[0041] Specifically, in step S2, a litter layer of more than 3 cm is added every quarter to maintain the thickness.

[0042] Specifically, the tree is any one or more of Schima superba, Cinnamomum camphora and Cercis chinensis.

[0043] Specifically, the shrub is any one or more of Fagraea ceilanica, Eugenia uniflora, etc.

[0044] Specifically, in step S3, when strip felling the overmature Acacia mangium forest, only 10-15 cm stumps are retained to delay the sprouting of new buds from the root system.

[0045] Specifically, step S3 further includes: after the strip felling, planting fast-growing trees and shrubs within 10 m of the edge of the felled area to form a shade barrier.

[0046] Specifically, the fast-growing trees are Michelia macclurea and the like, and the shrubs are any one or more of Fagraea ceilanica, Eugenia uniflora and the like.

[0047] Specifically, the method further includes step S4: installing an infrared camera to monitor the germination of the Acacia mangium seedlings and taking timely measures to deal with the germination.

[0048] Specifically, the method further includes step S5: when a germination point is found, the germination point is immediately covered with black non-woven fabric to block light.

[0049] Specifically, the black non-woven fabric has a gram weight of 150 g / m2 or more.

[0050] The following is an explanation with reference to specific embodiments:

[0051] Example 1

[0052] The specific steps for eliminating Acacia mangium in the hilly areas of South China are as follows:

[0053] 1. Ground cover construction:

[0054] (1) Plant Dicranopteris dichotoma seedlings in March with a spacing of 30 × 35 cm between rows;

[0055] (2) Apply slow-release organic fertilizer (200kg / mu), and the grown dichotoma Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0056] 2. Litter management:

[0057] (1) Processing waste (bark) from the surrounding eucalyptus forests was collected and processed into 5 cm × 5 cm pieces. The pieces were then soaked in a tannin solution (8% concentration) for 24 hours and then artificially laid to a thickness of 8-10 cm under the overmature Acacia mangium forest.

[0058] (2) Add 3cm every quarter to maintain the thickness. See the status after laying. Figure 3 .

[0059] 3. Felling and renewing forest stands: In September and October, the target forest stands are felled in strips. Figure 4 , after felling Figure 5 Then plant trees with large crowns (such as Schima superba, Cinnamomum camphora and Bauhinia) and shrubs (such as Ligusticum chuanxiensis and Myrica oleracea) in the felled area, and plant fast-growing trees (such as Phoebe philodendron) and shrubs (such as Ligusticum chuanxiensis and Myrica oleracea) within 10m of the edge of the felled area to form a shade barrier. Figure 6 and 7 , reduce the intensity of light received by Acacia mangium seeds on the ground and ensure a shade degree of more than 30%.

[0060] 4. Dynamic monitoring:

[0061] (1) Install infrared cameras to monitor the germination of seedlings, see Figure 8 An infrared camera was set up to take a photo of the seedling germination every day during the day, and the photo was transmitted to the laboratory via a wireless module, so that the germination status of the Acacia mangium seedlings could be monitored in real time indoors.

[0062] After the above method was used to clear the vegetation, the vegetation growth status in the same experimental area three years later was as follows: Figure 9 ,As can be seen from the figure, a natural regeneration community has been formed.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for sustainable removal of Acacia mangium, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. In March, shade-tolerant fern ground cover was planted under the overmature Acacia mangium forest to form the first isolation network. S2. Preserve or artificially lay a litter layer at least 8 cm thick under the overmature Acacia mangium stands to form a second isolation net. S3. Conduct strip felling of overmature Acacia mangium forests in September and October, and then plant trees and shrubs over 5 years old with a crown width of more than 1.5 m in the felled area to ensure a shade of more than 30%.

2. The sustainable cleaning method according to claim 1, wherein: The shade-tolerant fern ground cover is any one or more of Dicranopteris dichotoma and Pteris chinensis. The height of the shade-tolerant fern ground cover is 15-30 cm, and the planting density is not less than 9 plants / m 2 , the crown-width intersection rate is greater than 90%.

3. The sustainable cleaning method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The litter layer contains allelopathic substances or is soaked in allelopathic substances.

4. The sustainable cleaning method according to claim 3, wherein: The litter layer is eucalyptus bark processed into 5cm×5cm or a mixture of eucalyptus bark, pine bark and fir bark.

5. The sustainable cleaning method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step S2, a litter layer of more than 3 cm is added every quarter to maintain the thickness.

6. The sustainable cleaning method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The trees are any one or more of Schima superba, Cinnamomum camphora and Cercis chinensis, and the shrubs are Ligusticum chuanxiong and / or Euphorbia milii.

7. The sustainable cleaning method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When strip felling the overmature Acacia mangium forest in step S3, 10-15 cm stumps are retained; And / or, step S3 further includes: after the strip felling, planting fast-growing trees and shrubs within 10 m of the edge of the felled area to form a shade barrier.

8. The sustainable cleaning method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The method further includes step S4: installing an infrared camera to monitor the germination of the Acacia mangium seedlings and taking timely measures to deal with the germination.

9. The sustainable cleaning method according to claim 8, characterized in that The method further includes step S5: when a germination point is found, immediately covering it with black non-woven fabric to block light.

10. The sustainable cleaning method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The black nonwoven fabric has a gram weight of 150 g / m 2 above.

Images