Communication method, bandwidth allocation method, related equipment and system

Abstract

The invention discloses a communication method, a bandwidth allocation method and device, electronic equipment and a system. The method is applied to a PON system, the PON system comprises a first terminal set and a second terminal set, the first terminal set comprises at least one first ONT, the second terminal set comprises at least one second ONT, MAC protocols adopted by the first ONT and the second ONT are different, and uplink wavelengths are overlapped; the method comprises the steps that a first distribution period set and a second distribution period set are determined in a target period, the first distribution period set comprises X first distribution periods, the second distribution period set comprises Y second distribution periods, the sum of X and Y is smaller than or equal to M, and M is the number of distribution periods in the target period; allocating the time slot in the first allocation period to the first ONT; and allocating the time slot in the second allocation period to the second ONT. According to the method, the uplink data sent by the ONTs supporting different MAC protocols can be prevented from conflicting.

Description

Communication method, bandwidth allocation method, related equipment and system

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application number 202310944424.2, filed on July 28, 2023, entitled “Bandwidth Allocation Method and Device, Electronic Device and System,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of optical communication technology, and in particular to a communication method, a bandwidth allocation method, and related equipment and systems. Background Art

[0003] A passive optical network (PON) is a point-to-multipoint, single-fiber, bidirectional optical access network. A PON system typically includes an optical line terminal (OLT), an optical distribution network (ODN), and multiple optical network terminals (ONTs). The OLT connects to multiple ONTs via the ODN.

[0004] With the development of optical communication technology, at least two optical network terminals (ONTs) supporting different media access control (MAC) protocols will coexist in a PON system. The upstream wavelengths used by these ONTs may overlap, leading to conflicts in upstream data sent by these ONTs, impacting the normal operation of the PON system.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method that can resolve the conflict of uplink data sent by ONTs supporting different MAC protocols.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present application provides a communication method, a bandwidth allocation method and apparatus, an electronic device, and a system, which can avoid conflicts between uplink data sent by ONTs supporting different MAC protocols.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides a bandwidth allocation method that can be performed by an OLT in a PON system. The PON system also includes a first terminal set and a second terminal set, the first terminal set including at least one first ONT, the second terminal set including at least one second ONT, the first ONT and the second ONT using different MAC protocols, and the upstream wavelength of the first ONT and the upstream wavelength of the second ONT overlapping. The method includes: determining a first allocation period set and a second allocation period set in a target period, the target period including M allocation periods, M being an integer greater than 1, the first allocation period set including X first allocation periods of the M allocation periods, the second allocation period set including Y second allocation periods of the M allocation periods, X and Y being positive integers, and the sum of X and Y being less than or equal to M; allocating time slots in the first allocation period to a first ONT in the first terminal set according to the MAC protocol of the first ONT; and allocating time slots in the second allocation period to a second ONT in the second terminal set according to the MAC protocol of the second ONT.

[0009] When the first and second ONTs support different MAC protocols, it is difficult to schedule the first and second ONTs within the upstream frame period specified by the MAC protocols using a single bandwidth allocation algorithm. In the present application, a first allocation period set and a second period set are first determined within a target period. Then, time slots in the first allocation period are allocated to the first ONT according to the MAC protocol of the first ONT, and time slots in the second allocation period are allocated to the second ONT according to the MAC protocol of the second ONT, thereby staggering the time slots allocated to the first ONT and the time slots allocated to the second ONT. That is, when allocating time slots (bandwidth), the OLT first performs a coarse-grained division of the time slots (bandwidth) so that the first and second ONTs, which use different MAC protocols, transmit upstream data in different time slots. Even if the upstream wavelengths used by the first and second ONTs for transmitting upstream data overlap, the upstream data transmitted by the first and second ONTs will not conflict. Furthermore, bandwidth is allocated to the ONTs in the first and second time slot groups according to the corresponding MAC protocols, simplifying the bandwidth allocation algorithm and improving bandwidth allocation efficiency.

[0010] Optionally, the first allocation cycle set includes at least two first subsets, any first subset of the at least two first subsets includes a first allocation cycle or includes at least two consecutive first allocation cycles, and there is at least one second allocation cycle between two adjacent first subsets in the at least two first subsets; and / or, the second allocation cycle set includes at least two second subsets, any second subset of the at least two second subsets includes a second allocation cycle or includes at least two consecutive second allocation cycles, and there is at least one first allocation cycle between two adjacent second subsets in the at least two second subsets.

[0011] By alternating the first subset and the second subset in a target period, the allocation period in the target period can be evenly distributed to the first ONT in the first terminal set and the second ONT in the second terminal set, thereby minimizing the waiting time for the first ONT and / or the second ONT to send uplink data and meeting the ONT latency requirement.

[0012] In some examples, the number of first allocation cycles included in different first subsets is equal, and the number of second allocation cycles included in different second subsets is equal.

[0013] In other examples, the number of first allocation cycles included in different first subsets is unequal, and the number of second allocation cycles included in different second subsets is equal. Alternatively, the number of first allocation cycles included in different first subsets is equal, and the number of second allocation cycles included in different second subsets is unequal. Alternatively, the number of first allocation cycles included in different first subsets is unequal, and the number of second allocation cycles included in different second subsets is also unequal.

[0014] By flexibly configuring the number of allocation cycles included in the first subset and the second subset, more scenario requirements can be met.

[0015] Optionally, the first allocation period set includes one first allocation period or at least two consecutive first allocation periods; and / or the second allocation period set includes one second allocation period or at least two consecutive second allocation periods. That is, within the same target period, all first allocation periods in the first allocation period set are consecutively arranged, and / or all second allocation periods in the second allocation period set are consecutively arranged. This can be applicable to situations where the number of one type of ONT is much higher than another type of ONT, such as in the early or late stages of coexistence of different types of ONTs in a PON system, thus ensuring the service bandwidth requirements of a large number of terminal types in the existing network.

[0016] Optionally, at least one first allocation period in the first allocation period set is a windowing period; and / or at least one second allocation period in the second allocation period set is a windowing period. That is, the windowing period is set within the target period. Setting the windowing period within the allocation period corresponding to the MAC protocol used by the ONT can avoid affecting normal service communications of ONTs using other MAC protocols.

[0017] Optionally, the method further includes: determining an allocation period after the target period or at least two consecutive allocation periods as a windowing period. In other words, the windowing period is set outside the target period. Flexibly setting the position of the windowing period can adapt to a variety of scenario requirements.

[0018] Optionally, the first ONT and the second ONT use different message encapsulation methods. When the first ONT and the second ONT use different message encapsulation methods, the corresponding frame structure lengths are different, which makes the bandwidth allocation algorithm more complex and makes it difficult to complete bandwidth allocation for the first ONT and the second ONT within the uplink frame period specified by the MAC protocol (for example, the 125 μs corresponding to the message encapsulation method of the first ONT or the second ONT). Therefore, in this case, the aforementioned bandwidth allocation method is more suitable.

[0019] Optionally, when the length of the frame structure corresponding to the message encapsulation method adopted by the first ONT is fixed, the length of the allocation period is an integer multiple of the length of the frame structure corresponding to the message encapsulation method adopted by the first ONT; and / or, when the length of the frame structure corresponding to the message encapsulation method adopted by the second ONT is fixed, the length of the allocation period is an integer multiple of the length of the frame structure corresponding to the message encapsulation method adopted by the second ONT.

[0020] When performing coarse-grained bandwidth division, the length of the frame structure corresponding to the message encapsulation method used by the first ONT and / or the second ONT is taken into consideration, and the length of the allocation period is set to an integer multiple of the length of the frame structure corresponding to the message encapsulation method used by the first ONT and / or the second ONT. This allows each allocation period to be fully used for the ONT to send uplink data, which is beneficial for improving uplink bandwidth utilization of the system.

[0021] Optionally, the MAC protocol used by the first ONT conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standard system, while the MAC protocol used by the second ONT conforms to the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) standard system. The ITU-T standard system stipulates that the message encapsulation method is GPON encapsulation and requires the frame structure length to be 125 μs. However, the IEEE standard system stipulates that the message encapsulation method is Ethernet encapsulation and the frame structure length is not fixed. Therefore, the length of the allocation period can be set to an integer multiple of the length of the frame structure corresponding to the second ONT, that is, the length of the allocation period can be set to N times 125 μs. Wherein, N is a positive integer and can range from 1 to 32, for example, 1, 2, 3, 8, 16, or 32, etc.

[0022] Optionally, determining the first allocation period set and the second allocation period set in the target period includes: determining the first allocation period set and the second allocation period set in the target period according to bandwidth demand related information of the first ONT in the first terminal set and bandwidth demand related information of the second ONT in the second terminal set.

[0023] Exemplarily, the information related to the bandwidth requirement of the first ONT includes at least one of the number of first ONTs and service information of a service enabled by the first ONT, and the information related to the bandwidth requirement of the second ONT includes at least one of the number of second ONTs and service information of a service enabled by the second ONT. Optionally, the service information includes a service type or latency requirement.

[0024] Dividing the first allocation period set into the second allocation period set according to bandwidth requirement-related information of the first ONT and the second ONT can better meet the uplink bandwidth requirements of the ONTs.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the first terminal set further includes at least one third ONT, where the MAC protocol used by the third ONT is different from the MAC protocols used by the first ONT and the second ONT. For example, the first ONT is an EPON ONT, the second ONT is a 50G PON ONT or a 25GS PON ONT, and the third ONT is a 10G EPON ONT.

[0026] In this embodiment, allocating the time slots in the first allocation period to the first ONT in the first terminal set according to the MAC protocol of the first ONT includes allocating the time slots in the first allocation period to the first ONT and the third ONT in the first terminal set according to the MAC protocol of the first ONT and the MAC protocol of the third ONT.

[0027] Because the MAC protocol used by the first and third ONTs belongs to the same standard system, they use the same message encapsulation method and have the same corresponding frame structure, and can be scheduled using similar methods. Therefore, time slots in the first allocation cycle can be allocated to these two ONTs, and these two ONTs can be uniformly scheduled, thereby enabling the coexistence of the first, second, and third ONTs in the PON system.

[0028] In another possible implementation, the first ONT is an EPON ONT, and the second ONT is a 50G PON ONT or a 25GS PON ONT.

[0029] In another possible implementation, the first ONT is an EPON ONT, and the second ONT is an XG(S)PON ONT (ie, a symmetrical or asymmetrical 10GPON ONT).

[0030] In a second aspect, the present application provides a bandwidth allocation device. The bandwidth allocation device has the function of implementing the method described in the first aspect or any optional embodiment of the first aspect. The function can be implemented in hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more units corresponding to the above functions.

[0031] In a third aspect, an electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a processor and a memory. The memory is used to store software programs and modules. The processor implements the method of the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect by running or executing the software programs and / or modules stored in the memory.

[0032] Optionally, there are one or more processors and one or more memories.

[0033] Optionally, the memory may be integrated with the processor, or the memory may be provided separately from the processor.

[0034] In the specific implementation process, the memory can be a non-transitory memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM), which can be integrated on the same chip as the processor or be set on different chips. This application does not limit the type of memory and the setting method of the memory and the processor.

[0035] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a communication method for a passive optical network (PON) system, wherein the PON system includes an optical line terminal (OLT) and at least one first optical network terminal (ONT). The method includes:

[0036] The ONT receives a downstream physical frame sent by the OLT, the downstream physical frame including a type of upstream wavelength supported by the PON system, and determines whether the ONT supports an upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of upstream wavelength. If the ONT supports the upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of upstream wavelength, the ONT transmits the upstream physical frame to the OLT using the upstream wavelength.

[0037] In the method provided in the present application, since the OLT can inform the ONT of the upstream wavelength currently used in the PON system through the upstream wavelength indication bit in the downstream physical frame, communication conflicts caused by wavelength mismatch between the OLT and the ONT are avoided, thereby improving communication efficiency.

[0038] The above communication method can be applied to a time-division multiplexing (TDM) PON system. During the activation process's mode learning state, the ONT can determine whether it supports the upstream wavelength corresponding to the upstream wavelength type. If so, it enters the activation process's sequence number state. The PON system's transmission rates can include 1G, 10G, 50G, 100G, or 200G.

[0039] In the sequence number state, the ONT can receive the sequence number grant message sent by the OLT, and then send a sequence number response message to the OLT, which carries the ONT's own sequence number.

[0040] Furthermore, if the ONT does not support the upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of the upstream wavelength, the registration (activation) process is stopped.

[0041] In the method provided in the present application, the ONT uses the upstream wavelength to send the upstream physical frame to the OLT, including the ONT using the upstream wavelength to send messages in the registration (activation) process to the ONT, such as a sequence number response message, a ranging response message, etc.

[0042] In the method provided in this application, the ONT determines whether it supports the upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of the upstream wavelength, including:

[0043] The ONT determines whether the type of the upstream wavelength included in the operation control body portion of the downstream physical frame matches the wavelength type supported by the ONT.

[0044] Furthermore, the type of the upstream wavelength occupies at least 2 bits in the operation control subject field. For example, the type of the upstream wavelength occupies 3 bits in the operation control subject field.

[0045] In one possible implementation, the types of upstream wavelengths supported by the PON system correspond to wavelengths including 1260-1280 nm, 1284 nm-1288 nm, or 1290-1310 nm. Because TDM PON supports multiple types of upstream wavelengths, the wavelength channel identifier in the operation control body can use three bits (referred to as upstream wavelength indication bits) to indicate the types of upstream wavelengths supported by the PON system. For example, 100 indicates that the PON system supports upstream wavelengths of 1260-1280 nm, 010 indicates that the PON system supports upstream wavelengths of 1284-1288 nm, and 001 indicates that the PON system supports upstream wavelengths of 1290-1310 nm. After receiving a downstream physical frame, an ONT in the PON system transmits upstream data to the OLT based on the upstream wavelength determined by the upstream wavelength indication bits in the downstream physical frame.

[0046] In a possible implementation manner, the ONT sending an upstream physical frame to the OLT using the upstream wavelength includes:

[0047] After the ONT completes registration with the OLT, the ONT uses the optical signal corresponding to the upstream wavelength to send the upstream physical frame to the OLT, where the upstream physical frame carries user data of the ONT.

[0048] The registration (activation) process between the ONT and the OLT includes multiple message exchanges. For example, the OLT sends a Sequence Number Request message to the ONT, which then returns a Sequence Number Response message. The OLT sends a Ranging Request message to the ONT, which then returns a Ranging Response message. The OLT calculates the equalization parameters for the ONT based on the Ranging Response message and then sends a Ranging Time message to the ONT, which contains the ONT's equalization delay. After receiving the equalization delay message from the OLT, the ONT enters the Operational state. In the Operational state, the ONT can process downlink physical frames and send uplink bursts.

[0049] The uplink message sent by the ONT during the registration process may be carried by an uplink physical frame, and the ONT sends these uplink physical frames to the OLT using an optical signal corresponding to the uplink wavelength.

[0050] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a communication method applied to a passive optical network (PON) system, the PON system including an optical line terminal (OLT) and at least one first optical network terminal (ONT), the method comprising:

[0051] The OLT broadcasts a downstream physical frame to the ONT, wherein the downstream physical frame includes the type of upstream wavelength supported by the PON system; then, the OLT receives the upstream physical frame sent by the ONT on the upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of upstream wavelength.

[0052] The OLT may include the upstream wavelength type in the Operation Control Subject field of the downstream physical frame. Furthermore, the upstream wavelength type occupies at least 2 bits in the Operation Control Subject field. For example, the upstream wavelength type occupies 3 bits in the Operation Control Subject field.

[0053] In one possible implementation, before the OLT receives the upstream data sent by the ONT on the upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of the upstream wavelength, the communication method further includes:

[0054] The OLT receives a ranging response message sent by the ONT on an upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of the upstream wavelength; the OLT sends a downstream physical frame to the ONT according to the ranging response message, where the downstream physical frame carries a balanced delay.

[0055] In addition to the Ranging Response message described above, the registration (activation) process between the ONT and the OLT also includes multiple message exchanges. For example, the OLT sends a Sequence Number Request message to the ONT, which returns a Sequence Number Response message. The OLT sends a Ranging Request message to the ONT, which returns a Ranging Response message. The OLT calculates the equalization parameters for the ONT based on the Ranging Response message and then sends a Ranging Time message to the ONT, which carries the ONT's equalization delay.

[0056] In a sixth aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store a software program, and the processor runs or executes the software program stored in the memory, so that the electronic device implements the method performed by the ONT in the fourth aspect or the method performed by the OLT in the fifth aspect.

[0057] In a seventh aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing program code executed by a processor, wherein the program code includes instructions for implementing the method performed by the ONT in the fourth aspect or the method performed by the OLT in the fifth aspect.

[0058] In an eighth aspect, the present application provides a passive optical network system, comprising an optical line terminal OLT and a plurality of optical network terminals NOT, wherein the OLT and the plurality of ONTs are connected via optical fibers, the plurality of ONTs including a first terminal set, the first terminal set including a plurality of first optical network terminals ONT, the plurality of first optical network terminals ONT using the same media access control protocol, at least one ONT configured to use the method described in the fourth aspect, or the OLT configured to use the method described in the fifth aspect.

[0059] In one possible passive optical network system, the plurality of ONTs include a second terminal set and a third terminal set, the second terminal set includes a plurality of second optical network terminals ONTs, and the third terminal set includes a plurality of third optical network terminals ONTs;

[0060] The media access control protocol used by the first ONT is 50GPON, the media access control protocol used by the second ONT is 10GPON, and the media access control protocol used by the third ONT is GPON, EPON, 200GPON or 100GPON;

[0061] The first ONT uses an optical signal with a wavelength of 1284-1288 nm to send an upstream physical frame to the OLT, the second ONT uses an optical signal with a wavelength of 1260-1280 nm to send an upstream physical frame to the OLT, and the first ONT uses an optical signal with a wavelength of 1290-1330 nm to send an upstream physical frame to the OLT.

[0062] In the passive optical network system provided by this application, multiple types of ONTs use different upstream wavelengths to transmit data to the OLT, avoiding upstream communication conflicts between different types of ONTs. Furthermore, this upstream wavelength classification fully considers the transmission performance requirements of different types of ONT terminals and the need for coexistence of three generations of devices.

[0063] In a ninth aspect, a computer program product is provided, wherein the computer program product includes computer program code, and when the computer program code is executed by a computer, the computer executes the method in any one of the possible implementations described above.

[0064] In a tenth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, which is used to store program codes executed by a processor, wherein the program codes include instructions for implementing the method in any one of the possible implementations described above.

[0065] In an eleventh aspect, the present application provides a chip comprising a processor, wherein the processor is configured to call and execute instructions stored in a memory, so that an optical communication device equipped with the chip executes a method in any one of the above possible implementations.

[0066] In a twelfth aspect, the present application provides another chip. The chip includes an input interface, an output interface, a processor, and a memory. The input interface, the output interface, the processor, and the memory are connected via an internal connection path. The processor is configured to execute code in the memory. When the code is executed, the processor is configured to perform the method in any of the possible implementations described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a PON system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0068] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of uplink wavelengths of ONTs corresponding to different MAC protocols provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of an OLT provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0070] FIG4 is a flow chart of a bandwidth allocation method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0071] FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between a first allocation period set and a second allocation period set provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] FIG6 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between another first allocation period set and a second allocation period set provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0073] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of an optical communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0074] FIG8 is a block diagram of a bandwidth allocation device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0075] FIG9 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0076] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of this application clearer, the implementation methods of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0077] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a PON system provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 1, the PON system includes an OLT 110, an ONT 120, and an ODN 130. The OLT 110 is connected to one or more ONTs 120 via the ODN 130. The ONT 120 may also be referred to as an optical network unit (ONU).

[0078] OLT 110 is typically located on the network side, such as a central office (CO), and can centrally manage multiple ONTs 120. OLT 110 can act as an intermediary between ONT 120 and a higher-layer network (not shown), forwarding data received from the higher-layer network to ONT 120 and vice versa. The higher-layer network includes, but is not limited to, the Internet, the public switched telephone network (PSTN), and community antenna television (CATV).

[0079] Multiple ONTs 120 can be distributed and deployed on the user side. ONTs 120 can be network devices used to communicate with OLT 110 and user devices. ONTs 120 can act as an intermediary between OLT 110 and user devices. For example, ONTs 120 can forward data received from OLT 110 to user devices, and vice versa.

[0080] The plurality of ONTs include a first terminal set and a second terminal set, wherein the first terminal set includes at least one first ONT and the second terminal set includes at least one second ONT, and the first ONT and the second ONT use different MAC protocols.

[0081] In the embodiments of the present application, the MAC protocol includes but is not limited to gigabit PON (Gigabit-capable PON, GPON), 10 gigabit per second PON (10 gigabit per second PON, XG-PON), 10-gigabit-capable symmetric passive optical network (10-gigabit-capable symmetric passive optical network, XGS-PON), Ethernet PON (Ethernet PON, EPON), 10 gigabit per second EPON (10 gigabit per second EPON, 10G-EPON), 25 gigabit per second PON (25G-PON), 50 gigabit per second PON (50 gigabit per second PON, 50G-PON), 100 gigabit per second PON (100G-PON), 25 gigabit per second EPON (25G-EPON), 50 gigabit per second EPON (50G-PON), EPON, 50G-EPON), and other speed GPON, EPON, etc.

[0082] In the example shown in Figure 1, the first ONT is an EPON ONT or a GPON ONT, and the second ONT is a 50G PON ONT or a 25GS PON ONT. The first terminal set also includes at least one third ONT. The third ONT is a 10G EPON ONT, an XG-PON ONT, or an XGS-PON ONT. The EPON ONT and GPON ONT can be referred to as first-generation ONTs, the 10G EPON ONT, the XG-PON ONT, or the XGS-PON ONT can be referred to as second-generation ONTs, and the 50G PON ONT or the 25GS PON ONT can be referred to as third-generation ONTs. In this case, the PON system can be referred to as a three-generation coexistence PON system.

[0083] In other examples, the first ONT in the first terminal set is an EPON ONT or a GPON ONT; the second ONT in the second terminal set is a 50G PON ONT or a 25GS PON ONT. For an existing system that only includes EPON ONTs, the EPON ONTs can be directly upgraded to 50G PON ONTs or 25GS PON ONTs. During the upgrade process, the EPON ONTs and 50G PON ONTs or 25GS PON ONTs may coexist.

[0084] In some other examples, the first ONT in the first terminal set is an EPON ONT, and the second ONT in the second terminal set is a symmetrical or asymmetrical 10G PON ONT. Since 10G PON ONTs, especially 10GS PON ONTs, are currently more widely available, some EPON ONTs can be transitioned to 10G PON ONTs first, and then the 10G PON ONTs and 50G PON can coexist using wavelength division multiplexing.

[0085] ODN 130 is a data distribution / multiplexing system that can include trunk optical fibers, passive optical splitters, and user optical fibers. The passive optical splitters can include a first port and multiple second ports. The first port of the passive optical splitter is connected to OLT 110 via the trunk optical fiber, and each second port of the passive optical splitter is connected to an ONT 120 via a user optical fiber.

[0086] In a PON system, the transmission from OLT 110 to ONT 120 is called downlink. OLT 110 broadcasts downlink data to all ONTs 120, and each ONT 120 only receives data with its own identifier. Conversely, the transmission from ONT 120 to OLT 110 is called uplink.

[0087] When a first ONT and a second ONT supporting different MAC protocols exist in a PON system, the upstream wavelengths of the first ONT and the second ONT may overlap.

[0088] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of upstream wavelengths of ONTs corresponding to different MAC protocols provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2, the upstream wavelengths of EPON ONTs include 1260nm-1360nm (not shown in the figure), or 1290nm-1330nm. The upstream wavelengths of 10G EPON ONTs include 1290nm-1330nm, or 1260nm-1280nm. The upstream wavelengths of 50G PON ONTs are 1260-1280nm, 1284nm-1288nm, or 1290-1310nm. As can be seen, the upstream wavelengths of EPON ONTs overlap with the upstream wavelengths of 50G PON ONTs. In an embodiment of the present application, when the above three generations of ONTs are all present in the same optical network, in order to avoid interference, meet transmission performance and meet the performance requirements of devices (optical transmitting components, optical receiving components, filters, etc.), EPON ONT or GPON ONT can use 1290nm-1330nm optical signals to transmit upstream data to the OLT. 10G EPON ONT, XG-PON ONT or XGS-PON ONT can use 1260nm-1280nm optical signals to transmit upstream data to the OLT. 50G PON ONT can use 1284nm-1288nm optical signals to transmit upstream data to the OLT. The above three OLTs can be the same or different. Figure 1 uses one OLT including different optical modules to implement the functions of three different types of OLTs. The three optical modules can respectively process upstream optical signals of different wavelengths (1290nm-1330nm, 1260nm-1280nm and 1284nm-1288nm).

[0089] Because each ONT 120 shares the ODN 130 and OLT 110, if the upstream wavelengths of the first ONT and the second ONT overlap, if the first ONT and the second ONT simultaneously transmit upstream data, the upstream data transmitted by the first ONT and the second ONT will conflict. To ensure that the upstream data of each ONT 120 does not conflict, in an embodiment of the present application, in the PON system, ONTs supporting different MAC protocols use time division multiplexing (TDM) to transmit upstream data. That is, the OLT 110 allocates a time slot to each ONT 120, and each ONT 120 transmits upstream data according to the time slot allocated by the OLT 110. The allocation of time slots by the OLT 110 to each ONT 120 can be called bandwidth allocation or bandwidth authorization.

[0090] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an OLT provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG3 , the OLT 300 includes a processing unit 301 and an optical module 302 .

[0091] The processing unit 301 may include a first MAC module and a second MAC module. The first MAC module utilizes the same MAC protocol as the first ONT in the first terminal set. The second MAC module utilizes the same MAC protocol as the second ONT in the second terminal set. The first MAC module and the second MAC module are connected, and bandwidth allocation information can be synchronized between the first and second MAC modules to facilitate implementation of the bandwidth allocation method described below.

[0092] Optionally, the first MAC module and the second MAC module may be integrated on the same physical chip, or the first MAC module and the second MAC module may be respectively set on different physical chips.

[0093] In addition to the first MAC module and the second MAC module, the processing unit 301 may further include one or more processors, such as a network processor (NP) or a central processing unit (CPU).

[0094] Optionally, the processor may also be integrated with the first MAC module and the second MAC module on the same physical chip, or respectively set on different physical chips.

[0095] In the embodiments of the present application, the physical chip may be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a system on chip (SoC), a central processor unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), a programmable logic device (PLD) or other integrated chips.

[0096] Optical module 302 includes an optical transmitter 3021 and an optical receiver 3022. Optical transmitter 3021 is used to send optical signals to the ONT under the control of processing unit 301. Optical receiver 3022 is used to receive the optical signals sent by the ONT and convert them into electrical signals. Processing unit 301 is also used to recover the uplink data sent by the ONT from the electrical signals.

[0097] Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary structure of an optical communication device for the aforementioned three-generation coexistence PON system. As shown in Figure 3, the optical transmission assembly 2021 includes two transmitters (Tx) 2021a and 2021b. Tx 2021a transmits optical signals at 1490nm (i.e., 1480nm-1500nm) and 1577nm (i.e., 1575nm-1579nm), while Tx 2021b transmits optical signals at 1342nm (i.e., 1340nm-1344nm). Of these, 1480nm-1500nm is the downstream wavelength of the EPON ONT, 1575nm-1579nm is the downstream wavelength of the 10G EPON ONT, and 1340nm-1344nm is the downstream wavelength of the 50G EPON ONT.

[0098] The optical receiving component 3022 includes a receiver 3022a (receiver, Rx) and an electrical power splitter 3022b. The receiving wavelength range of the receiver is 1260nm-1360nm. This receiving wavelength range covers the upstream wavelengths of the three generations of ONTs mentioned above. Therefore, it can receive the optical signals sent by the three generations of ONTs mentioned above and convert the optical signals into one electrical signal. The electrical power splitter 3022b is used to split the electrical signal output by the receiver 3022a into three sub-electrical signals. The processing unit 301 is used to recover the upstream data sent by the EPON ONT from the first sub-electrical signal, recover the upstream data sent by the 10G EPON ONT from the second sub-electrical signal, and recover the upstream data sent by the 25GS PON ONT or 50GPON ONT from the third sub-signal.

[0099] For example, the receiver and transmitter in FIG3 may both adopt a transistor outline can (TO-CAN), that is, a photoelectric conversion device or an electro-optical conversion device is packaged in a coaxial tube housing.

[0100] The optical receiving component 3022 further includes three limiting amplifiers (LAs) 3022c, each of which is connected between an output terminal of the electrical power divider 3022b and an input terminal of the processing unit 301. The three LAs 3022c are respectively used to amplify one channel of electrical signals.

[0101] The structure of the optical module in Figure 3 is only an example and is not limited in this application. For example, the optical transmission component 2021 may also include a transmitter for transmitting optical signals of 1342nm, 1490nm and 1577nm.

[0102] FIG4 is a flow chart of a bandwidth allocation method provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method may be executed by an OLT, for example, by the processing unit 301 of the OLT in FIG2 . As shown in FIG4 , the bandwidth allocation method includes:

[0103] S401: Determine a first allocation period set and a second allocation period set in a target period.

[0104] The target period includes M allocation periods, where M is an integer and greater than 1. The first allocation period set includes X first allocation periods, and the second allocation period set includes Y second allocation periods. X and Y are both positive integers, and the sum of X and Y is less than or equal to M. That is, the M allocation periods include X first allocation periods and Y second allocation periods. The X first allocation periods constitute the first allocation period set, and the second allocation periods constitute the second allocation period set.

[0105] The value of M can be set according to actual needs. For example, the value range of M can be 2-32, for example, M is equal to 8 or 16, etc.

[0106] When the value of M is small, the bandwidth allocation calculation cycle is short, which helps to quickly adjust bandwidth allocation according to business changes. When the value of M is large, it helps to ensure stable bandwidth allocation.

[0107] In a possible implementation, the sum of X and Y is equal to M, that is, all allocation periods in a target period are divided into first allocation periods and second allocation periods.

[0108] In some examples, the first allocation cycle set includes at least two first subsets, each of which includes one first allocation cycle or includes at least two consecutive first allocation cycles, and at least one second allocation cycle exists between two adjacent first subsets.

[0109] By dividing the first allocation period into a plurality of first subsets and setting at least one second allocation period between adjacent first subsets, it is possible to avoid setting all first allocation periods consecutively when the target period includes a large number of first allocation periods, thereby avoiding a long waiting time for the second ONT to send uplink data.

[0110] In some other examples, the second allocation cycle set includes at least two second subsets, each second subset includes one second allocation cycle or includes at least two consecutive second allocation cycles, and at least one first allocation cycle exists between two adjacent second subsets.

[0111] By dividing the second allocation period into a plurality of second subsets and setting at least one first allocation period between adjacent second subsets, it is possible to avoid setting all second allocation periods consecutively when the target period includes a large number of second allocation periods, thereby avoiding a long waiting time for the first ONT to send uplink data.

[0112] In yet other examples, the first allocation cycle set includes at least two first subsets, and the second allocation cycle set includes at least two second subsets. Each first subset includes one first allocation cycle or includes at least two consecutive first allocation cycles. Each second subset includes one second allocation cycle or includes at least two consecutive second allocation cycles. A second subset exists between two adjacent first subsets. A first subset exists between two adjacent second subsets.

[0113] By alternating the first subset and the second subset in a target period, the allocation period in the target period can be evenly distributed to the first ONT in the first terminal set and the second ONT in the second terminal set, thereby minimizing the waiting time for the first ONT and the second ONT to send uplink data being too long.

[0114] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between a first allocation period set and a second allocation period set provided by an embodiment of the present application. In Figure 5, an example is given of a situation where all allocation periods in a target period are divided into first allocation periods and second allocation periods.

[0115] As shown in part (a) of Figure 5 , the first allocation cycle set includes two first subsets, and the second allocation cycle set includes two second subsets. The two first subsets and the two second subsets are arranged alternately. Each first subset includes three temporally consecutive first allocation cycles, and each second subset includes one second allocation cycle. The number of second allocation cycles corresponding to the second ONT is relatively small, which is suitable for situations where the number of second ONTs in a PON system is small.

[0116] As shown in part (b) of Figure 5 , the first allocation cycle set includes four first subsets, and the second allocation cycle set includes four second subsets. The four first subsets and the four second subsets are arranged alternately. Each first subset includes a first allocation cycle, and each second subset includes a second allocation cycle. The alternating arrangement of the first allocation cycles and the second allocation cycles helps reduce the latency of the first ONT and the second ONT.

[0117] It should be noted that in parts (a) and (b) of Figure 5, the number of first allocation cycles contained in different first subsets is equal; the number of second allocation cycles contained in different second subsets is equal. In other embodiments, the number of first allocation cycles contained in different first subsets is unequal, and the number of second allocation cycles contained in different second subsets is equal; or, the number of first allocation cycles contained in different first subsets is equal, and the number of second allocation cycles contained in different second subsets is unequal; or, the number of first allocation cycles contained in different first subsets is unequal, and the number of second allocation cycles contained in different second subsets is also unequal. By flexibly configuring the number of allocation cycles contained in the first subset and the second subset, more scenario requirements can be met.

[0118] In addition, in parts (a) and (b) of FIG5 , in one target period, the number of the first subset and the number of the second subset are the same. In other embodiments, the number of the first subset and the second subset may be different.

[0119] In some further examples, the first allocation period set includes one first allocation period or at least two consecutive first allocation periods; and / or the second allocation period set includes one second allocation period or at least two consecutive second allocation periods. That is, within the same target period, all first allocation periods in the first allocation period set are consecutively arranged, and / or all second allocation periods in the second allocation period set are consecutively arranged. This can be applicable to situations where the number of ONTs of one type is much higher than that of another type, such as in the early or late stages of coexistence of different types in a PON system. This ensures the service bandwidth requirements of the terminal types that are prevalent in the existing network.

[0120] For example, in part (c) of FIG. 5 , the first allocation cycle set includes seven first allocation cycles that are temporally consecutive, and the second allocation cycle set includes one second allocation cycle.

[0121] In practice, in addition to granting bandwidth to each ONT, the OLT also uses windowing. Windowing refers to not granting bandwidth in one or more time slots. Instead, bandwidth is used to receive registration requests from ONTs about to go online or to perform network operations and maintenance, such as reflection detection. In this embodiment, these time slots are referred to as windowed time slots, and the allocation period in which these windowed time slots occur is called the windowing period.

[0122] FIG6 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between another first allocation period set and a second allocation period set provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0123] In one possible embodiment, at least one first allocation period in the first allocation period set is a windowed period. For example, as shown in part (a) of Figure 6 , the first allocation period set includes two first subsets, and the second allocation period set includes two second subsets. The two first subsets and the two second subsets are arranged alternately. Each first subset includes three temporally consecutive first allocation periods, and each second subset includes one second allocation period. The three first allocation periods in the second first subset are windowed periods.

[0124] In another possible embodiment, at least one second allocation period in the second allocation period set is a windowed period. For example, as shown in part (b) of Figure 6 , the first allocation period set includes two first subsets, and the second allocation period set includes two second subsets. The two first subsets and the two second subsets are arranged alternately. Each first subset includes three temporally consecutive first allocation periods, and each second subset includes one second allocation period. One first allocation period in the second second subset is a windowed period.

[0125] In another possible implementation, at least one first allocation period in the first allocation period set is a windowing period, and at least one second allocation period in the second allocation period set is a windowing period. That is, within the same target period, there is both a windowing period corresponding to the first ONT and a windowing period corresponding to the second ONT.

[0126] Setting the windowing period corresponding to the first ONT within the first allocation period can prevent the first ONT's windowing period from affecting the normal service communications of the second ONT. Similarly, setting the windowing period corresponding to the second ONT within the second allocation period can prevent the second ONT's windowing period from affecting the normal service communications of the first ONT. In other words, by setting the windowing period within the allocation period corresponding to the MAC protocol used by the ONT, it is possible to avoid affecting the normal service communications of ONTs using other MAC protocols.

[0127] In the above three embodiments, the windowing period is set within the target period. In another possible embodiment, the windowing period can be set outside the target period. In this case, the method may further include: determining an allocation period after the target period or at least two consecutive allocation periods as the windowing period. For example, as shown in part (c) of Figure 6, an allocation period after the target period is determined as the windowing period. The windowing period can be the windowing period of the first ONT or the windowing period of the second ONT, or include the windowing period of the first ONT and the windowing period of the second ONT that are temporally connected.

[0128] In this way, the windowing period can be configured after one or more target periods as needed, making the configuration of the windowing period more flexible.

[0129] Exemplarily, in S401 , a first allocation period set and a second allocation period set may be determined in a target period according to information related to bandwidth requirements of ONTs in the first terminal set and information related to bandwidth requirements of ONTs in the second terminal set.

[0130] When the first terminal set includes only the first ONT, that is, according to the bandwidth demand related information of the first ONT and the bandwidth demand related information of the second ONT, the first allocation period set and the second allocation period set are determined in the target period.

[0131] When the first terminal set includes the first ONT and the third ONT, the first allocation period set and the second allocation period set may be determined in the target period according to information related to bandwidth requirements of the first ONT and the third ONT in the first terminal set and information related to bandwidth requirements of the second ONT in the second terminal set.

[0132] Here, information related to bandwidth requirements of the ONTs in the first terminal set includes, but is not limited to, the number of all ONTs in the first terminal set and service information of services enabled by each OTN. Information related to bandwidth requirements of the ONTs in the second terminal set includes, but is not limited to, the number of all ONTs in the second terminal set and service information of services enabled by each OTN. The service information includes, but is not limited to, service type and corresponding latency requirements.

[0133] Determining the first allocation cycle set and the second allocation cycle set in the target cycle at least includes determining a proportion of the first allocation cycle included in the first allocation cycle set in the target cycle and a proportion of the second allocation cycle included in the second allocation cycle set in the target cycle.

[0134] In the embodiment of the present application, the greater the number of ONTs in the first terminal set, the greater the bandwidth demand corresponding to the service activated by each ONT, and the greater the proportion of the first allocation period included in the first allocation period set in the target period. Similarly, the greater the number of second ONTs in the second terminal set, the greater the bandwidth demand corresponding to the service activated by each second ONT, and the greater the proportion of the second allocation period included in the second allocation period set in the target period.

[0135] In some examples, the bandwidth demand-related information includes the number of ONTs in the first terminal set and the number of ONTs in the second terminal set. The OLT determines the proportion of the first allocation period and the second allocation period in the following manner: the proportion of the first allocation period in the target period is equal to a first ratio of the number of ONTs in the first terminal set to the sum of the number of ONTs in the first terminal set and the number of ONTs in the second terminal set; similarly, the proportion of the second allocation period in the target period is equal to a second ratio of the number of ONTs in the second terminal set to the sum of the number of ONTs in the first terminal set and the number of ONTs in the second terminal set.

[0136] In other examples, the bandwidth demand related information includes the service type activated by each ONT in the first terminal set and the service type activated by each ONT in the second terminal set. The OLT determines the proportion of the first allocation period and the second allocation period in the following manner:

[0137] First, the OLT determines the bandwidth corresponding to the service type of each ONT according to the mapping relationship between the service type and the bandwidth, as the bandwidth requirement of each ONT; then, the ONT counts the sum of the bandwidth requirements of all ONTs in the first terminal set and the sum of the bandwidth requirements of all ONTs in the second terminal set; a third ratio of the sum of the bandwidth requirements of all ONTs in the first terminal set to the sum of the bandwidth requirements of all ONTs in the first terminal set and the second terminal set is determined as the proportion of the first allocation period in the target period; and a fourth ratio of the sum of the bandwidth requirements of all ONTs in the second terminal set to the sum of the bandwidth requirements of all ONTs in the first terminal set and the second terminal set is determined as the proportion of the second allocation period in the target period.

[0138] In some other examples, the bandwidth demand-related information includes the number of ONTs in the first terminal set, the number of ONTs in the second terminal set, the service types enabled by the ONTs in the first terminal set, and the service types enabled by the ONTs in the second terminal set. The OLT determines the proportion of the first allocation period to the second allocation period in the following manner: multiplying a first ratio of the number of ONTs in the first terminal set to the sum of the number of ONTs in the first terminal set and the second terminal set, and a second ratio of the sum of the bandwidth requirements of all ONTs in the first terminal set to the sum of the bandwidth requirements of all ONTs in the first terminal set and the second terminal set by corresponding weights and adding them together to obtain the proportion of the first allocation period in the target period; multiplying a third ratio of the number of ONTs in the second terminal set to the sum of the number of ONTs in the first terminal set and the second terminal set, and a fourth ratio of the sum of the bandwidth requirements of all ONTs in the second terminal set to the sum of the bandwidth requirements of all ONTs in the first terminal set and the second terminal set by corresponding weights and adding them together to obtain the proportion of the second allocation period in the target period. The sum of the weight corresponding to the first ratio and the weight corresponding to the second ratio is equal to 1; the sum of the weight corresponding to the third ratio and the weight corresponding to the fourth ratio is equal to 1.

[0139] The weight corresponding to the first ratio and the weight corresponding to the second ratio, as well as the weight corresponding to the third ratio and the weight corresponding to the fourth ratio can be set as needed, for example, all are 0.5.

[0140] For example, when the bandwidth demand-related information includes service information of a service activated by the ONT, the service information may be reported by the ONT to the OLT when activating the service, or may be obtained by the OLT from a database, where user information is stored. The user information includes a user identifier, an ONT identifier, and service information.

[0141] Optionally, in addition to determining the proportion of the first allocation period and the second allocation period, determining the first allocation period set and the second allocation period set in the target period may also include: determining the distribution method of the first allocation period and the second allocation period based on the delay sensitivity of the ONTs in the first terminal set and the delay sensitivity of the ONTs in the second terminal set, and the distribution method is used to indicate the number of consecutive first allocation periods and the number of consecutive second allocation periods.

[0142] The higher the delay sensitivity of the ONTs in the first terminal set, the fewer the number of consecutive first allocation cycles. The lower the delay sensitivity of the ONTs in the first terminal set, the larger the number of consecutive first allocation cycles. The higher the delay sensitivity of the ONTs in the second terminal set, the fewer the number of consecutive second allocation cycles. The lower the delay sensitivity of the ONTs in the second terminal set, the larger the number of consecutive second allocation cycles.

[0143] For example, delay sensitivity can be represented by the maximum delay that the ONT can tolerate. The larger the maximum delay that the ONT can tolerate, the higher the delay sensitivity. The delay sensitivity can also be reported by the ONT to the OLT or obtained by the OLT from a database.

[0144] S402: Allocate time slots in a first allocation cycle to a first ONT in a first terminal set according to the MAC protocol of the first ONT.

[0145] For relevant information of the first ONT, please refer to the relevant content of Figure 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0146] In some examples, the OLT receives first bandwidth requests sent by each first ONT, and generates first authorized bandwidth information according to the received first bandwidth requests, where the first authorized bandwidth information is used to indicate a time slot in a first allocation period.

[0147] S402 may be executed by the aforementioned first MAC module. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm used by the first MAC module to generate the authorization information, and any DBA algorithm in the related art may be used.

[0148] S403: Allocate the time slots in the second allocation period to the second ONT in the second terminal set according to the MAC protocol of the second ONT.

[0149] For relevant information of the second ONT, please refer to the relevant content of Figure 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0150] In some examples, the OLT receives the second bandwidth request sent by each second ONT, and generates second authorized bandwidth information according to the received second bandwidth request, where the second authorized bandwidth information is used to indicate a time slot in the second allocation period.

[0151] S403 may be executed by the aforementioned second MAC module. The embodiment of the present application does not limit the DBA algorithm used by the second MAC module to generate the authorization information, and any DBA algorithm in the related art may be used.

[0152] It should be noted that the embodiment of the present application does not limit the execution order of S402 and S403. S402 can be executed first and then S403; or S402 can be executed first and then S402; or S402 and S403 can be executed at the same time.

[0153] In the embodiment of the present application, the length of each allocation period may be N times of 125 μs, where N is a positive integer and may range from 1 to 32, such as 1, 2, 3, 8, 16, or 32.

[0154] In the embodiment of the present application, the MAC protocol used by the first ONT and the MAC protocol used by the second ONT may belong to different standard systems, where the standard systems include but are not limited to the IEEE standard system and the ITU-T standard system.

[0155] In some examples, when the MAC protocol used by the first ONT and the MAC protocol used by the second ONT belong to different standard systems, the first ONT and the second ONT will use different message encapsulation modes. For example, when the MAC protocol used by the first ONT belongs to the IEEE standard system, the first ONT uses the Ethernet (Eth) encapsulation mode. When the MAC protocol used by the second ONT belongs to the ITU-T standard system, the second ONT uses the GPON encapsulation mode (GEM).

[0156] Different packet encapsulation methods correspond to different frame lengths. The frame length for Eth encapsulation is not fixed, while the frame length for GEM is fixed at 125 μs.

[0157] Therefore, when the first or second ONT is a 50G PON ONT, the length of each allocation period can be set to an integer multiple of 125μs to support the protocol requirements of 50G PON. This can also fully utilize the upstream bandwidth and improve upstream bandwidth utilization.

[0158] When both the first ONT and the second ONT are not 50G PON ONTs, the length of each allocation period may not be an integer multiple of 125 μs.

[0159] Optionally, the method may further include: adjusting the length of the target period, that is, adjusting the number of allocation periods included in the target period and / or the length of the allocation period.

[0160] The embodiments of the present application do not limit the conditions or timing for adjusting the length of the target period. In some examples, the length of the target period can be adjusted when it is detected that the ratio of the number of ONTs in the first terminal set and / or the number of ONTs in the second terminal set changes greatly. For example, a corresponding relationship between the length of the target period and the sum of the number of ONTs in the first terminal set and the number of ONTs in the second terminal set can be pre-set. In this corresponding relationship, the greater the sum of the number of ONTs in the first terminal set and the number of ONTs in the second terminal set, the greater the length of the target period. For example, the length of the target period corresponding to the first interval [a1, b1) is A, and the length of the target period corresponding to the second interval [b1, c1) is B, and B is greater than A.

[0161] In other examples, when an adjustment instruction is received, the length of the target period is adjusted according to the adjustment instruction, and the adjustment instruction can be input by a user.

[0162] When the first ONT and the second ONT use different MAC protocols, especially when the first ONT and the second ONT use different MAC protocols and different message encapsulation methods, it is difficult to complete the scheduling of the first ONT and the second ONT within the upstream frame period specified by the MAC protocol (for example, within 125 μs corresponding to the message encapsulation method of the second ONT) using a bandwidth allocation algorithm. In an embodiment of the present application, a first allocation period set and a second period set are first determined in a target period, and then the time slots in the first allocation period are allocated to the first ONT according to the MAC protocol of the first ONT, and the time slots in the second allocation period are allocated to the second ONT according to the MAC protocol of the second ONT, thereby staggering the time slots allocated to the first ONT and the time slots allocated to the second ONT. That is, when the OLT allocates bandwidth, it first performs a coarse-grained division of the bandwidth so that the first ONT and the second ONT using different MAC protocols transmit upstream data in different time slots. Even if the upstream wavelengths used to transmit upstream data of the first ONT and the second ONT overlap, the upstream data transmitted by the first ONT and the second ONT will not conflict. Furthermore, bandwidth is allocated to the ONTs in the first time slot group and the second time slot group according to corresponding MAC protocols, which can simplify the bandwidth allocation algorithm and improve the efficiency of bandwidth allocation.

[0163] By adopting the bandwidth allocation method of the embodiment of the present application, a first ONT and a second ONT supporting different MAC protocols can coexist under the same PON port of the optical module of the OLT, thereby achieving smooth evolution and upgrade of the low-transmission-rate PON system, which is conducive to cost saving.

[0164] See FIG. 7 , which is a flow chart of an optical communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0165] The optical communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to a time-division multiplexing PON system, which includes an OLT and at least one ONT. The specific process of the communication method includes the following steps:

[0166] S501 : The OLT sends a downstream physical frame to an ONT connected to a PON network. The downstream physical frame includes a type of upstream wavelength supported by the PON system.

[0167] In a PON system, the OLT can continuously send downstream data to the ONT in a downstream direction (transmit downstream physical frames).

[0168] Specifically, a downlink physical frame includes a downlink physical synchronization block and a payload. The downlink physical synchronization block and payload can be protected by forward error correction (forward error correction). The structure of the downlink physical synchronization block includes a physical synchronization sequence, a counter, and an operation control structure. The physical synchronization sequence contains a fixed delimiter pattern. After receiving the physical synchronization sequence, the ONT uses it to align the downlink physical frame boundaries. The counter counts downlink physical frames, with the counter value for the current downlink physical frame incremented by 1 relative to the previous downlink physical frame. The operation control structure includes a body and an error correction header. The value in the error correction header is used by the ONT to perform error correction on the body.

[0169] The main body of the operation control structure is populated by the OLT and includes the PON ID type (PIT) field and the PON ID field. The PIT field identifies the ODN architecture, ODN level, and whether the transmission convergence (TC) layer protocol is used. The PON ID field identifies the OLT within a range.

[0170] Specifically, the PON ID field may include a management label and a wavelength channel identifier provided by the network management system to the OLT. Since 50GPON systems include time division multiplexing (TDM) PONs and time and wavelength division multiplexing (TWDM) PONs, the wavelength channel identifiers have different meanings in different PON systems.

[0171] Since 50G TDM PON supports multiple types of upstream wavelengths (wavelengths of 1260-1280nm, 1284nm-1288nm, or 1290-1310nm), three bits (called upstream wavelength indication bits) can be used in the wavelength channel identifier to indicate the type of upstream wavelength supported by 50GPON. For example, 100 indicates that the PON system supports upstream wavelengths of 1260-1280nm, 010 indicates that the PON system supports upstream wavelengths of 1284-1288nm, and 001 indicates that the PON system supports upstream wavelengths of 1290-1310nm.

[0172] In addition, if the OLT is unable to identify and send the correct upstream wavelength indicator bit, the above three bits can be set to 000. After receiving the upstream wavelength indicator bit of "000", the ONT in the PON system can ignore this upstream wavelength indicator bit during activation, thereby preventing the upstream wavelength indicator bit from affecting the ONT activation process.

[0173] S502: The ONT determines whether it supports an upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of the upstream wavelength.

[0174] Since the 50GPON system supports multiple types of upstream wavelengths (wavelengths of 1260-1280nm, 1284nm-1288nm or 1290-1310nm), the ONT's own hardware can support one or more different types of upstream wavelengths.

[0175] The ONT can determine whether its supported wavelength matches the upstream wavelength type included in the body of the downstream physical frame. If so, it determines the upstream wavelength corresponding to the upstream wavelength type supported by the ONT. If not, it indicates that the ONT does not support the wavelength type determined in the PON system and terminates the current registration (activation) process.

[0176] S503-504, the ONT registers with the OLT, and the OLT responds to the ONT's registration process.

[0177] The registration (activation) process between the ONT and the OLT includes multiple message exchanges. For example, the OLT sends a Sequence Number Request message to the ONT, which returns a Sequence Number Response message. The OLT sends a Ranging Request message to the ONT, which returns a Ranging Response message. The OLT calculates the equalization parameters for the ONT based on the Ranging Response message and then sends a Ranging Time message to the ONT, which carries the ONT's equalization delay.

[0178] The uplink message sent by the ONT during the registration process may be carried by an uplink physical frame, and the ONT sends these uplink physical frames to the OLT using an optical signal corresponding to the uplink wavelength.

[0179] The downlink message sent by the OLT in the registration process can be carried by the payload in the downlink physical frame.

[0180] S505 . After completing registration, the ONT uses the optical signal corresponding to the upstream wavelength to send upstream user data to the OLT.

[0181] Specifically, after receiving the equalization delay, the ONT calculates the sending window for the uplink data based on the equalization delay and the time slot allocated by the OLT, and uses the optical signal corresponding to the uplink wavelength in the sending window to send an uplink physical frame to the OLT. The uplink physical frame carries the user data of the ONT.

[0182] The communication method provided in this embodiment can be used in a 50GPON system. Since the OLT can notify the ONT of the upstream wavelength currently used in the 50GPON system through the upstream wavelength indication bit in the downstream physical frame, communication conflicts caused by wavelength mismatch between the OLT and the ONT are avoided, thereby improving communication efficiency.

[0183] In another embodiment, if the OLT is unable to identify and send the correct upstream wavelength indicator bit, the three bits (the upstream wavelength indicator bits) may be set to 000. After receiving the upstream wavelength indicator bit of "000", the ONT in the PON system may ignore this upstream wavelength indicator bit during activation (for example, use the ONT's default upstream wavelength to send data to the OLT), thereby avoiding the impact of the upstream wavelength indicator bit on the ONT.

[0184] In the communication method provided in this embodiment, the above-mentioned ONT activation process may also include:

[0185] The ONT receives PLOAM messages periodically sent by the OLT and learns uplink burst profile parameters (such as delimiter, backoff time, power level, and other parameters). The ONT then receives the SN grant message sent by the OLT and sends a sequence number response message to the OLT to report its own sequence number.

[0186] After receiving the sequence number reported by the ONT, the OLT, if it approves the ONT's online access, assigns an ONT identifier (ID) to the ONT and sends the assigned ONT ID to the ONT via a PLOAM message. The OLT then begins sending ranging request messages to the ONT, which responds with a ranging response message. Based on the ranging response message, the OLT calculates the ONT's balanced delay and sends it to the ONT. At this point, the ONT can begin sending upstream data frames to the OLT.

[0187] Figure 8 is a block diagram of a bandwidth allocation device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The bandwidth allocation device can be implemented as all or part of an optical communication device (e.g., an OLT) through software, hardware, or a combination of both. As shown in Figure 7 , the bandwidth allocation device includes a first allocation unit 701, a second allocation unit 702, and a third allocation unit 703.

[0188] The first allocation unit 701 is configured to determine a first allocation period set and a second allocation period set in a target period, where the target period includes M allocation periods, where M is an integer and greater than 1, the first allocation period set includes X first allocation periods from the M allocation periods, and the second allocation period set includes Y second allocation periods from the M allocation periods, where X and Y are both positive integers, and the sum of X and Y is less than or equal to M. The second allocation unit is configured to allocate time slots in the first allocation period to a first ONT in the first terminal set according to the MAC protocol of the first ONT. The third allocation unit is configured to allocate time slots in the second allocation period to a second ONT in the second terminal set according to the MAC protocol of the second ONT.

[0189] Optionally, the first terminal set also includes at least one third ONT, the first ONT is an EPON ONT, the third ONT is a 10G EPON ONT, and the second ONT is a 50G PON ONT or a 25GS PON ONT. The first allocation 701701 is used to allocate the time slots in the first allocation cycle to the first ONT and the third ONT in the first terminal set according to the MAC protocol of the first ONT and the MAC protocol of the third ONT.

[0190] Optionally, the first allocation unit 701 is further configured to determine an allocation period after the target period or at least two consecutive allocation periods as the windowing period.

[0191] Optionally, the first allocation unit 701 is configured to determine a first allocation period set and a second allocation period set in the target period according to information related to bandwidth requirements of first ONTs in the first terminal set and information related to bandwidth requirements of second ONTs in the second terminal set.

[0192] It should be noted that the bandwidth allocation device provided in the above embodiment is illustrated only by the division of the aforementioned functional units during data transmission. In actual applications, the aforementioned functions can be distributed among different functional units as needed, i.e., the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units to perform all or part of the functions described above. Furthermore, the bandwidth allocation device provided in the above embodiment and the bandwidth allocation method embodiment are based on the same concept. The specific implementation process is detailed in the method embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0193] The descriptions of the processes corresponding to the above figures have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail in a certain process, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other processes.

[0194] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device 800 provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG9 , the electronic device 800 includes at least one processor 801 , a memory 802 , and at least one network interface 803 .

[0195] The processor 801 is, for example, a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a neural-network processing unit (NPU), a data processing unit (DPU), a microprocessor, or one or more integrated circuits for implementing the solution of the present application. For example, the processor 801 includes an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a combination thereof. The PLD is, for example, a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL), or any combination thereof.

[0196] The memory 802 is, for example, a read-only memory (ROM) or other type of static storage device that can store static information and instructions, a random access memory (RAM) or other type of dynamic storage device that can store information and instructions, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) or other optical disc storage, an optical disc storage (including a compact disc, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc, Blu-ray disc, etc.), a magnetic disk storage medium or other magnetic storage device, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and can be accessed by a computer, but is not limited thereto. Optionally, the memory 802 exists independently and is connected to the processor 801 via an internal connection 804. Alternatively, the memory 802 and the processor 801 are optionally integrated together.

[0197] The network interface 803 uses any transceiver-like device for communicating with other devices or communication networks. For example, the network interface 803 includes at least one of a wired network interface and a wireless network interface. For example, the wired network interface is an Ethernet interface. For example, the Ethernet interface is an optical interface, an electrical interface, or a combination thereof. For example, the wireless network interface is a wireless local area network (WLAN) interface, a cellular network interface, or a combination thereof.

[0198] In some embodiments, the processor 801 includes one or more CPUs, such as CPU0 and CPU1 shown in FIG. 8 .

[0199] In some embodiments, electronic device 800 optionally includes multiple processors, such as processor 801 and processor 805 shown in FIG8 . Each of these processors is, for example, a single-core processor (single-CPU) or a multi-core processor (multi-CPU). A processor herein optionally refers to one or more devices, circuits, and / or processing cores for processing data (e.g., computer program instructions).

[0200] In some embodiments, electronic device 800 further includes internal connections 804. Processor 801, memory 802, and at least one network interface 803 are connected via internal connections 804. Internal connections 804 include pathways for transmitting information between the aforementioned components. Optionally, internal connections 804 are single boards or buses. Optionally, internal connections 804 are classified as address buses, data buses, control buses, and the like.

[0201] In some embodiments, the electronic device 800 further includes an input / output interface 806 , which is connected to the internal connection 804 .

[0202] In some embodiments, the input / output interface 806 is configured to connect to an input device and receive commands or data related to the above method embodiments input by a user through the input device, such as the length of a target period. Input devices include, but are not limited to, a keyboard, a touch screen, a microphone, a mouse, or a sensor device.

[0203] In some embodiments, the input / output interface 806 is further configured to connect to an output device. The input / output interface 806 outputs intermediate and / or final results generated by the processor 801 executing the above method embodiments, such as the length of the first allocation cycle, the length of the second allocation cycle, and the relationship between the first allocation cycle and the second allocation cycle, via the output device. Output devices include, but are not limited to, displays, printers, projectors, and the like.

[0204] Optionally, the processor 801 implements the method in the above embodiment by reading the program code 810 stored in the memory 802, or the processor 801 implements the method in the above embodiment by internally stored program code. In the case where the processor 801 implements the method in the above embodiment by reading the program code 810 stored in the memory 802, the memory 802 stores the program code that implements the method provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0205] For more details on how the processor 801 implements the above functions, please refer to the descriptions in the previous method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0206] In some embodiments, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions. When the computer instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium are executed by an electronic device, the optical communication device executes the bandwidth allocation method provided by the above method embodiment.

[0207] In some embodiments, a computer program product is further provided, which includes one or more computer program instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed by a computer, the computer executes the bandwidth allocation method provided by the above method embodiment.

[0208] In some embodiments, a chip is further provided, including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store computer instructions, and the processor is used to call and run the computer instructions from the memory to execute the bandwidth allocation method provided by the above method embodiment.

[0209] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the usual meaning understood by persons of ordinary skill in the field to which this application belongs. The words "first", "second", "third" and similar terms used in the patent application specification and claims of this application do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Similarly, words such as "one" or "a" do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the existence of at least one. Words such as "include" or "comprising" and similar terms mean that the elements or objects appearing before "include" or "comprising" cover the elements or objects listed after "include" or "comprising" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. A and / or B means that there are three situations: A; B; and A and B.

[0210] The above is only an embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that: Applied to a passive optical network PON system, the PON system includes an optical line terminal OLT and at least one first optical network terminal ONT, the method includes: The ONT receives a downstream physical frame sent by the OLT, wherein the downstream physical frame includes a type of upstream wavelength supported by the PON system; The ONT determines whether it supports an upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of the upstream wavelength; If the ONT supports the upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of the upstream wavelength, the upstream physical frame is sent to the OLT using the upstream wavelength.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: If the ONT does not support the upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of the upstream wavelength, the registration process is stopped.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The ONT determines whether it supports the upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of the upstream wavelength, including: The ONT determines whether the type of the upstream wavelength included in the operation control main body of the downstream physical frame matches the type of wavelength supported by the ONT.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The type of the upstream wavelength occupies at least 2 bits in the operation control subject field.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The types of upstream wavelengths supported by the PON system correspond to wavelengths including 1260-1280 nm, 1284 nm-1288 nm or 1290-1310 nm.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The ONT sending an upstream physical frame to the OLT using the upstream wavelength includes: The ONT registers with the OLT; After the registration is completed, the ONT uses the optical signal corresponding to the upstream wavelength to send the upstream physical frame to the OLT, and the upstream physical frame carries the user data of the ONT.

7. A communication method, characterized in that: Applied to a passive optical network PON system, the PON system includes an optical line terminal OLT and at least one first optical network terminal ONT, the method includes: The OLT broadcasts a downstream physical frame to the ONT, wherein the downstream physical frame includes a type of upstream wavelength supported by the PON system; The OLT receives the upstream physical frame sent by the ONT on the upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of the upstream wavelength.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The operation control body field of the downlink physical frame includes the type of the uplink wavelength.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The type of the upstream wavelength occupies at least 2 bits in the operation control subject field.

10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The types of upstream wavelengths supported by the PON system correspond to wavelengths including 1260-1280 nm, 1284 nm-1288 nm or 1290-1310 nm.

11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: Before the OLT receives the upstream data sent by the ONT on the upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of the upstream wavelength, the method further includes: The OLT receives, on an upstream wavelength corresponding to the type of the upstream wavelength, a ranging response message sent by the ONT; The OLT sends a downlink physical frame to the ONT according to the ranging response message, wherein the downlink physical frame carries a balanced delay.

12. A bandwidth allocation method, characterized in that: Applied to a passive optical network PON system, the PON system includes a first terminal set and a second terminal set, the first terminal set includes at least one first optical network terminal ONT, the second terminal set includes at least one second ONT, the first ONT and the second ONT use different media access control MAC protocols, and the uplink wavelength of the first ONT overlaps with the uplink wavelength of the second ONT; The method comprises: Determine a first allocation cycle set and a second allocation cycle set in a target cycle, the target cycle includes M allocation cycles, M is greater than 1 and M is an integer, the first allocation cycle set includes X first allocation cycles among the M allocation cycles, the second allocation cycle set includes Y second allocation cycles among the M allocation cycles, X and Y are both positive integers, and the sum of X and Y is less than or equal to M; Allocate the time slots in the first allocation period to the first ONT in the first terminal set according to the MAC protocol of the first ONT; Allocate the time slots in the second allocation period to the second ONT in the second terminal set according to the MAC protocol of the second ONT.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The first terminal set further includes at least one third ONT, the first ONT is an EPON ONT, the third ONT is a 10G EPON ONT, the second ONT is a 50G PON ONT or a 25GS PON ONT, The allocating the time slot in the first allocation period to the first ONT in the first terminal set according to the MAC protocol of the first ONT includes: Allocate time slots in the first allocation cycle to a first ONT and a third ONT in the first terminal set according to a MAC protocol of the first ONT and a MAC protocol of the third ONT.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that The first allocation cycle set includes at least two first subsets, any first subset of the at least two first subsets includes one first allocation cycle or includes at least two consecutive first allocation cycles, and there is at least one second allocation cycle between two adjacent first subsets of the at least two first subsets; and / or, The second allocation cycle set includes at least two second subsets, any second subset of the at least two second subsets includes one second allocation cycle or includes at least two consecutive second allocation cycles, and at least one first allocation cycle exists between two adjacent second subsets of the at least two second subsets.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that: The electronic device comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the memory is used to store a software program, and the processor runs or executes the software program stored in the memory so that the electronic device implements the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

16. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium is used to store program codes executed by a processor, wherein the program codes include instructions for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14.

17. A passive optical network system, characterized in that: The method comprises an optical line terminal OLT and multiple optical network terminals NOT, wherein the OLT and the multiple ONTs are connected via optical fibers, the multiple ONTs include a first terminal set, the first terminal set includes multiple first optical network terminals ONTs, the multiple first optical network terminals ONTs use the same media access control protocol, at least one ONT is configured to use the method described in any one of claims 1 to 6, or the OLT is configured to use the method described in any one of claims 7 to 11.

18. The passive optical network system according to claim 17, characterized in that: The plurality of ONTs include a second terminal set and a third terminal set, the second terminal set includes a plurality of second optical network terminals ONTs, and the third terminal set includes a plurality of third optical network terminals ONTs; The media access control protocol used by the first ONT is 50GPON, the media access control protocol used by the second ONT is 10GPON, and the media access control protocol used by the third ONT is GPON, EPON, 200GPON or 100GPON; The first ONT uses an optical signal with a wavelength of 1284-1288 nm to send an upstream physical frame to the OLT, the second ONT uses an optical signal with a wavelength of 1260-1280 nm to send an upstream physical frame to the OLT, and the first ONT uses an optical signal with a wavelength of 1290-1330 nm to send an upstream physical frame to the OLT.

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