Multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function

Abstract

The invention discloses a row-spacing-adjustable multi-stage seeder with an obstacle avoidance function. The row-spacing-adjustable multi-stage seeder comprises a rack assembly, a row spacing adjusting assembly and a time-sharing seeding control assembly. The device has the beneficial effects that power and control instructions can be provided through the power system and the control cabinet, so that the row spacing adjusting assembly can adjust the ditching row spacing according to planting requirements to meet different use requirements, shutdown operation is not needed during row spacing adjustment, the device is more convenient and accurate, the working efficiency is greatly improved, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced. The row spacing adjusting device is simple in structure and convenient to use, can be suitable for row spacing adjustment when different crops are sown at the same time, can perform up-down movement adjustment on the furrow opener in the vertical direction, and can prevent the row spacing adjusting assembly from damaging seedlings and the like in front of the furrow opener in the advancing process, so that the seeder has a relatively good obstacle avoidance function; the negative pressure suction disc is communicated with the corresponding seed box, so that selective seeding of seed materials is realized, the corresponding seed box can be quickly switched, and the seeding efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a seeder, in particular to a multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function, belonging to the technical field of agricultural sowing machinery. Background Art

[0002] As a core piece of equipment in modern agriculture, the seed drill has evolved from traditional mechanical seeding to modern intelligent seeding. Current mainstream seed drill technology focuses on improving seeding efficiency and accuracy, but significant technical bottlenecks remain, particularly in row spacing adjustment, obstacle avoidance, and multi-stage seeding.

[0003] In the prior art, a seeder with adjustable seed row spacing, such as that disclosed in announcement number CN206226973U, can move the position of the rotary dial component and adjust the distance between two adjacent rotary dial components, thereby adjusting the row spacing of seeds and adapting to different seed sowing spots, thereby improving the utilization rate of the seeder. Moreover, by setting a dial shaft, it can prevent the seeds from sticking together in the rotary dial cavity, thereby improving the flow of seeds and reducing the seed leakage rate. However, in the actual adjustment process, the adjustment efficiency is low, the mechanical adjustment requires shutdown operation, and the mode is single, only supporting equal row spacing adjustment, and unable to achieve wide and narrow row alternation, and thus cannot be applied to the adjustment needs when sowing different crops at the same time. Secondly, the existing seeder has a problem that after the main crops (corn, sunflower) are sown, if green manure needs to be sown in the seedling stage or jointing stage, the existing equipment is easy to crush the seedlings or damage them. The existing seeders are unable to identify whether there are crop seedlings in the direction of travel, that is, the seeder will move along the predetermined path, which may cause damage to the seedlings. It is also unable to identify whether there are obstacles such as field stones or roots in front of it during the movement. When the seeder touches obstacles such as field stones, it is easy to cause the furrow opener to malfunction. The ground pressure of the traditional wheeled walking device is >50kPa, resulting in a seedling stem breakage rate of >35%; the furrow opener operating depth control error is ±3cm, resulting in a main crop root damage rate of >18%, and the sowing sequence is single. Most machines only support simultaneous sowing, which is difficult to adapt to the green manure sowing needs at different stages such as the seedling stage and the jointing stage. The seed box switching is delayed, and the mechanical seed metering device switching takes a long time, missing the best sowing window. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function in order to solve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned object through the following technical solutions: a multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function, comprising a seeder, the seeder comprising a frame assembly, a row spacing adjustment assembly, and a time-sharing sowing control assembly, the row spacing adjustment assembly and the time-sharing sowing control assembly being both mounted on the frame assembly, and a power system and a control cabinet being integrated on the frame assembly; The row spacing adjustment component includes a pneumatic telescopic rod and a hydraulic telescopic arm. The hydraulic telescopic arm is connected between two adjacent pneumatic telescopic rods. The bottom end of the pneumatic telescopic rod is connected to a material guide seat and a furrow opener in sequence. The seed material delivered by the time-sharing sowing control component falls into the furrow opened by the furrow opener through the material guide seat. The time-sharing sowing control component includes a negative pressure suction plate and several seed boxes. One side of the bottom end of the seed box is connected to a material guide pipe, and the other end of the material guide pipe is connected to the negative pressure suction plate. The negative pressure suction plate is connected to one of the seed boxes, and a material dividing and guiding unit is connected between the bottom end of the negative pressure suction plate and the material guide seat.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention: the frame assembly includes a base plate, a support rod and a track wheel, the support rod is vertically connected to the bottom of both sides of the base plate, the row spacing adjustment assembly is connected to the lower surface of the base plate, the time-sharing sowing control assembly is connected to the upper surface of the base plate, and the track wheel is connected to the bottom end of the support rod.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: a millimeter-wave radar and a multi-spectral camera are installed at the forward end of the lower surface of the base plate, and the millimeter-wave radar and the multi-spectral camera are both connected to the control cabinet for signal transmission.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: the lower plate surface of the base plate is fixedly connected to a U-shaped frame arranged in a symmetrical shape, and a clamping rod arranged in parallel is connected between the two U-shaped frames. The fixed rod body of the pneumatic telescopic rod is movably clamped and placed between the two clamping rods. Guide grooves are provided on the upper and lower sides of the clamping rod. Clamps are connected on both sides of the fixed rod body of the pneumatic telescopic rod, and the clamps are respectively clamped on the upper and lower sides of the clamping rod, and balls are embedded in the inner sides of the clamps. The balls are movably clamped in the guide grooves. The lower plate surface of the base plate is also fixedly connected to a clamping slide rail arranged in parallel. The top end of the pneumatic telescopic rod is movably clamped and placed between the two clamping slide rails, and the top end of the pneumatic telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the slider of the clamping slide rail.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: a plurality of docking holes are provided on the upper end of the negative pressure suction disc, and the docking holes are respectively connected with the bottom end of the seed box. A rotating plate is rotatably connected in the negative pressure suction disc, and a baffle ring is fixedly connected to the upper plate surface of the rotating plate, and the baffle ring is tightly attached to the inner side surface of the upper end of the negative pressure suction disc. A discharge hole is provided on the rotating plate and the baffle ring, and the discharge hole and the docking hole have the same diameter, and the discharge hole can be connected and docked with any docking hole. A rotating motor is fixedly connected to the middle part of the upper end of the negative pressure suction disc, and the rotating shaft of the rotating motor is fixedly connected coaxially with the rotating plate.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: the material distribution and guiding unit arranged between the negative pressure suction plate and the material guiding seat includes a discharge pipe, a multi-way distribution valve and multiple distribution hoses. The discharge pipe is vertically connected to the bottom end of the negative pressure suction plate, the multi-way distribution valve is fixedly embedded in the base plate of the frame assembly, the discharge pipe is connected to the upper end of the multi-way distribution valve, and the multiple distribution hoses are respectively connected to the discharge interfaces of the multi-way distribution valve, and the bottom ends of the distribution hoses are connected to the material guiding seat.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: the lower part of the negative pressure suction disc is in the shape of a conical funnel, and a vacuum conveyor is connected to the discharge pipe connected to the bottom end of the negative pressure suction disc.

[0012] As a further solution of the present invention: the bottom end of the seed box is connected to a material guide pipe, the other end of the material guide pipe is connected to the negative pressure suction plate, and the tube height of the material guide pipe is consistent with the height of the seed box.

[0013] As a further solution of the present invention: a cavity is opened in the material guide seat, a sowing hole connected to the cavity is opened at the bottom of the material guide seat, a material guide plate and a baffle are arranged in the cavity of the material guide seat, the material guide plate is arranged in a downward inclined shape, and the baffle is connected above the material guide plate in an inclined shape.

[0014] As a further solution of the present invention, a backfill groove is provided at the tail end of the furrow opener.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention is provided with a frame assembly, a row spacing adjustment assembly and a time-sharing sowing control assembly. The frame assembly is also integrated with a power system and a control cabinet. The power system and the control cabinet can provide power and control instructions, thereby enabling the row spacing adjustment assembly to adjust the furrowing row spacing according to planting needs to meet different usage requirements, and the time-sharing sowing control assembly can support different sowing requirements in the same period. The row spacing adjustment assembly provided by the present invention includes a pneumatic telescopic rod and a hydraulic telescopic arm, the hydraulic telescopic arm is connected between two adjacent pneumatic telescopic rods, the bottom end of the pneumatic telescopic rod is connected with a guide seat and a furrow opener in sequence, the seed material conveyed by the time-sharing sowing control assembly falls into the furrow opened by the furrow opener through the guide seat, and the distance between the two adjacent pneumatic telescopic rods can be adjusted by telescopic adjustment of the hydraulic telescopic arm, that is, the planting row spacing can be adjusted to meet different planting needs, and there is no need to stop the machine for operation when adjusting the row spacing, which is more convenient and accurate, greatly improving the working efficiency, and can be suitable for row spacing adjustment when sowing different crops at the same time, and the pneumatic telescopic rod can be extended and retracted, thereby adjusting the furrow opener in the vertical direction, which can avoid the row spacing adjustment assembly from causing damage to the seedlings in front during the movement, so that the seeder has a better obstacle avoidance function; The time-sharing sowing control component provided by the present invention includes a negative pressure suction plate and several seed boxes. One side of the bottom end of the seed box is connected to a material guide pipe, and the other end of the material guide pipe is connected to the negative pressure suction plate. The negative pressure suction plate is connected to one of the seed boxes, and a material dividing and guiding unit is connected between the bottom end of the negative pressure suction plate and the material guide seat. The negative pressure suction plate can be connected to any seed box, and the seed material in the seed box can be sucked out under the action of negative pressure, and the seed material can be transported to the corresponding material guide seat through the material dividing and guiding unit, and fall into the groove opened by the furrow opener with the help of its own weight. That is, it can be connected to the corresponding seed box through the negative pressure suction plate to realize selective sowing of seed material, and can quickly switch the corresponding seed box to improve sowing efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the base plate, row spacing adjustment component and time-sharing sowing control component of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front view structural diagram of the row spacing adjustment component and the time-sharing sowing control component of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the line spacing adjustment component of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the U-shaped frame and the clamping rod of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the negative pressure suction disc of the present invention; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the rotating plate of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the material guide seat and the furrow opener of the present invention; Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the material guide seat of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Base plate; 11. Support rod; 12. Track wheel; 13. Millimeter wave radar; 14. Multispectral camera; 15. U-shaped frame; 16. Clamping rod; 17. Guide groove; 18. Clamping slide rail; 2. Negative pressure suction plate; 21. Discharge pipe; 22. Rotating plate; 23. Retaining ring; 24. Rotating motor; 25. Discharge hole; 26. Docking hole; 27. Vacuum conveyor; 3. Seed box; 31. Guide pipe; 4. Pneumatic telescopic rod; 41. Clamp; 42. Hydraulic telescopic arm; 43. Ball; 5. Guide seat; 51. Guide plate; 52. Baffle; 53. Sowing hole; 54. Multi-way dispensing valve; 55. Dispensing hose; 6. Furrow opener; 61. Backfill groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0019] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, a multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function includes a seeder, which is composed of a frame assembly, a row spacing adjustment assembly and a time-sharing sowing control assembly. The row spacing adjustment assembly and the time-sharing sowing control assembly are both installed on the frame assembly. The frame assembly is also integrated with a power system and a control cabinet, which can provide power and control instructions through the power system and the control cabinet, thereby enabling the row spacing adjustment assembly to adjust the furrowing row spacing according to planting needs to meet different usage needs, and the set time-sharing sowing control assembly can support different sowing needs in the same period, and can be suitable for sowing crops first and then sowing green manure after the crops emerge. The row spacing adjustment component includes a pneumatic telescopic rod 4 and a hydraulic telescopic arm 42. The hydraulic telescopic arm 42 is connected between two adjacent pneumatic telescopic rods 4. The bottom end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 4 is connected with a material guide seat 5 and a furrow opener 6 in sequence. The seed material transported by the time-sharing sowing control component falls into the groove opened by the furrow opener 6 through the material guide seat 5. Through the telescopic adjustment of the hydraulic telescopic arm 42, the distance between the two adjacent pneumatic telescopic rods 4 can be adjusted, that is, the planting row spacing can be adjusted to meet different planting needs. There is no need to stop the operation when adjusting the row spacing, which is more convenient and accurate, greatly improving the working efficiency, and can be applied to the row spacing adjustment when different crops are sown at the same time. 4 can be telescopic, and the furrow opener 6 can be adjusted up and down in the vertical direction, which can prevent the row spacing adjustment component from damaging the seedlings in front during the movement, so that the planter has a better obstacle avoidance function. It should be noted that the adjustment spacing of two adjacent pneumatic telescopic rods 4 is: 60cm, 70cm, 100cm. When intercropping different crops, the row spacing adjustment component can achieve stepless adjustment of the row spacing, compatible with the wide and narrow row configuration of corn / soybean / green manure, and can also be used for protected tillage, such as by expanding the row spacing to avoid the existing crop roots and reduce damage to the main crop. It can also adapt to the terrain. The pneumatic telescopic rods set in the row spacing adjustment component can independently fine-tune the furrowing depth to cope with undulating plots and ensure consistent sowing depth; The time-sharing sowing control component includes a negative pressure suction plate 2 and several seed boxes 3. One side of the bottom end of the seed box 3 is connected with a material guide pipe 31, and the other end of the material guide pipe 31 is connected to the negative pressure suction plate 2. The negative pressure suction plate 2 is connected to one of the seed boxes 3, and a material dividing and guiding unit is connected between the bottom end of the negative pressure suction plate 2 and the material guide seat 5. The negative pressure suction plate 2 can be connected to any seed box 3, and the seed material in the seed box 3 can be sucked out under the action of negative pressure, and the seed material can be transported to the corresponding material guide seat 5 through the material dividing and guiding unit, and fall into the groove opened by the furrow opener 6 with the help of its own weight. That is, it can be connected with the corresponding seed box 3 through the negative pressure suction plate 2 to achieve selective sowing of seed material, and can quickly switch the corresponding seed box 3 to improve sowing efficiency. Example

[0020] In addition to all the technical features of the first embodiment, this embodiment also includes: The frame assembly includes a base plate 1, a support rod 11 and a track wheel 12. The support rod 11 is vertically connected to the bottom of both sides of the base plate 1, the row spacing adjustment assembly is connected to the lower plate surface of the base plate 1, and the time-sharing sowing control assembly is connected to the upper plate surface of the base plate 1. The track wheel 12 is connected to the bottom end of the support rod 11. The seeder is driven to move by the track wheel 12, and can be suitable for moving above soft soil. The provided base plate 1 enables the row spacing adjustment assembly and the time-sharing sowing control assembly to be integrated and installed on the frame assembly, so that the seeder can be small and integrated.

[0021] A millimeter-wave radar 13 and a multispectral camera 14 are installed at the forward end of the lower surface of the base plate 1, and the millimeter-wave radar 13 and the multispectral camera 14 are connected to the control cabinet for signal transmission. The composite perception of the millimeter-wave radar 13 and the multispectral camera 14 can accurately detect whether there are crop seedlings in front of the planter, and then the pneumatic telescopic rod 4 can be telescoped according to the detection results, so that the furrow opener 6 can pass over the crop seedlings to achieve precise obstacle avoidance.

[0022] The lower surface of the base plate 1 is fixedly connected to a U-shaped frame 15 arranged symmetrically, and a clamping rod 16 arranged in parallel is connected between the two U-shaped frames 15. The fixed rod body of the pneumatic telescopic rod 4 is movably clamped between the two clamping rods 16. The upper and lower sides of the clamping rod 16 are provided with a guide groove 17. The fixed rod body of the pneumatic telescopic rod 4 is connected to two sides of the clamping plate 41. The clamping plate 41 is respectively clamped on the upper and lower sides of the clamping rod 16, and the inner side of the clamping plate 41 is embedded with a ball 43. The ball 43 is movably clamped in the guide groove 17. The lower surface of the base plate 1 is also fixedly connected to a clamping slide rail 18 arranged in parallel. The top end of the retracting rod 4 is movably clamped between the two clamping slide rails 18, and the top end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 4 is fixedly connected to the slider of the clamping slide rail 18. The pneumatic telescopic rod 4 can be clamped on the upper and lower sides of the clamping rod 16 and the top end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 4 is fixedly connected to the slider of the clamping slide rail 18 through the clamping plate 41 to form a two-point fixation of the pneumatic telescopic rod 4, thereby ensuring that the furrow opener 6 at the bottom end of the pneumatic telescopic rod 4 can maintain the stability of the pneumatic telescopic rod 4 when furrowing. At the same time, the cooperation between the ball 43 and the guide groove 17 can ensure that the adjacent pneumatic telescopic rods 4 can be stably moved and adjusted when adjusting the row spacing. Example

[0023] In addition to all the technical features of the first embodiment, this embodiment also includes: The upper end of the negative pressure suction disc 2 is provided with a plurality of docking holes 26, and the docking holes 26 are respectively connected to the bottom end of the seed box 3. The negative pressure suction disc 2 is rotatably connected to the rotating plate 22, and the upper plate surface of the rotating plate 22 is fixedly connected to the retaining ring 23, and the retaining ring 23 is tightly attached to the inner side of the upper end of the negative pressure suction disc 2. The rotating plate 22 and the retaining ring 23 are provided with a discharge hole 25, and the discharge hole 25 and the docking hole 26 have the same diameter, and the discharge hole 25 can be connected and docked with any docking hole 26. 2 is fixedly connected to a rotating motor 24 at the middle part of the upper end, and the rotating shaft of the rotating motor 24 is fixedly connected to the rotating plate 22 coaxially. The rotating motor 24 can drive the rotating plate 22 to rotate, and then the discharge hole 25 opened by the rotating plate 22 and the retaining ring 23 can be rotated to the docking hole 26 connected to the corresponding seed box 3. At the same time, the docking holes 26 connected to the other seed boxes 3 are in a blocked state, that is, the corresponding seed box 3 can be quickly selected and the corresponding seed box 3 can be quickly switched to improve the sowing efficiency.

[0024] The material distribution and guiding unit arranged between the negative pressure suction plate 2 and the material guide seat 5 includes a discharge pipe 21, a multi-way distribution valve 54 and multiple distribution hoses 55. The discharge pipe 21 is vertically connected to the bottom end of the negative pressure suction plate 2, and the multi-way distribution valve 54 is fixedly embedded in the base plate 1 of the frame assembly. The discharge pipe 21 is connected to the upper end of the multi-way distribution valve 54, and multiple distribution hoses 55 are respectively connected to the discharge interface of the multi-way distribution valve 54, and the bottom end of the distribution hose 55 is connected to the material guide seat 5. While the discharge pipe 21 can be used to guide the material, it can also play a role of stable support for the negative pressure suction plate 2, and the seed material discharged through the discharge pipe 21 enters the multi-way distribution valve 54, and can be transported downward respectively through the distribution hose 55, that is, it can realize the transportation of seed material to each material guide seat 5, and realize the sowing of seed material.

[0025] The lower part of the negative pressure suction disc 2 is in the shape of a conical funnel, and the discharge pipe 21 connected to the bottom end of the negative pressure suction disc 2 is connected to a vacuum conveyor 27. The use of a conical funnel-shaped negative pressure suction disc 2 can ensure that all seed materials entering the disc can be discharged by the discharge pipe 21, and the set vacuum conveyor 27 can use negative pressure suction to extract the seed materials in the seed box 3, ensuring the unidirectional flow of seeds. Example

[0026] In addition to all the technical features of the first embodiment, this embodiment also includes: The bottom end of the seed box 3 is connected to a material guide pipe 31, and the other end of the material guide pipe 31 is connected to the negative pressure suction plate 2, and the tube height of the material guide pipe 31 is consistent with the height of the seed box 3. The seed material can be extracted from the bottom of the seed box 3 through the provided material guide pipe 31, that is, the uniform transportation of the seed material can be ensured, and when the vacuum conveyor 27 is not performing the suction action, the setting of the tube height of the material guide pipe 31 can prevent the seed material in the seed box 3 from overflowing for no reason.

[0027] A cavity is provided in the material guide seat 5, and a sowing hole 53 connected to the cavity is provided at the bottom of the material guide seat 5. A material guide plate 51 and a baffle 52 are provided in the cavity of the material guide seat 5. The material guide plate 51 is arranged in a downward inclined shape, and the baffle 52 is connected to the top of the material guide plate 51 in an inclined shape. The seed material entering the cavity can be smoothly rolled to the sowing hole and leaked out through the cooperation of the material guide plate 51 and the baffle 52, so as to ensure that the seed material can accurately fall into the excavated groove.

[0028] A backfill groove 61 is provided at the tail end of the furrow opener 6, which can allow the soil turned outward during furrowing to return to the furrow through the backfill groove 61, thereby automatically covering the seed material in the furrow.

[0029] Working principle: Through the telescopic adjustment of the hydraulic telescopic arm 42, the distance between two adjacent pneumatic telescopic rods 4 can be adjusted, that is, the planting row spacing can be adjusted to meet different planting needs, and there is no need to stop the operation when adjusting the row spacing, which is more convenient and accurate, greatly improving the working efficiency, and can be applied to the row spacing adjustment when different crops are sown at the same time. By connecting the negative pressure suction plate 2 with any seed box 3, the seed material in the seed box 3 can be sucked out under the action of negative pressure, and the seed material can be transported to the corresponding guide seat 5 through the material dividing and guiding unit, and the seed material is dropped by the weight of the seed material itself. It can enter the groove opened by the furrow opener 6, that is, it can be connected with the corresponding seed box 3 through the negative pressure suction plate 2, so as to realize the selective sowing of seed materials, and can quickly switch the corresponding seed box 3 to improve the sowing efficiency. In addition, during the movement, the composite perception of the millimeter wave radar 13 and the multi-spectral camera 14 is adopted to accurately detect whether there are crop seedlings in front of the seeder, and then the pneumatic telescopic rod 4 can be telescoped according to the detection results, and the furrow opener 6 can be adjusted up and down in the vertical direction, which can avoid the row spacing adjustment component from causing damage to the seedlings in front during the movement, so that the seeder has a better obstacle avoidance function.

[0030] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim to which it relates.

[0031] In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of implementation methods, not every implementation method contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function, comprising a seeder, characterized in that: The seed drill is composed of a frame assembly, a row spacing adjustment assembly and a time-sharing sowing control assembly, wherein the row spacing adjustment assembly and the time-sharing sowing control assembly are both mounted on the frame assembly, and a power system and a control cabinet are also integrated on the frame assembly; The row spacing adjustment component includes a pneumatic telescopic rod (4) and a hydraulic telescopic arm (42), wherein the hydraulic telescopic arm (42) is connected between two adjacent pneumatic telescopic rods (4), and the bottom end of the pneumatic telescopic rod (4) is connected in sequence to a material guide seat (5) and a furrow opener (6), and the seed material transported by the time-sharing sowing control component falls into the furrow opened by the furrow opener (6) via the material guide seat (5); The time-sharing sowing control component comprises a negative pressure material suction disc (2) and a plurality of seed boxes (3); one side of the bottom end of the seed box (3) is connected to a material guide pipe (31), and the other end of the material guide pipe (31) is connected to the negative pressure material suction disc (2); the negative pressure material suction disc (2) is connected to one of the seed boxes (3); and a material dividing and guiding unit is connected between the bottom end of the negative pressure material suction disc (2) and the material guide seat (5).

2. The multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame assembly comprises a base plate (1), a support rod (11) and a track wheel (12), wherein the support rod (11) is vertically connected to the lower sides of the base plate (1), the row spacing adjustment assembly is connected to the lower plate surface of the base plate (1), the time-sharing sowing control assembly is connected to the upper plate surface of the base plate (1), and the track wheel (12) is connected to the bottom end of the support rod (11).

3. The multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function according to claim 2, characterized in that: A millimeter wave radar (13) and a multi-spectral camera (14) are installed at the forward end of the lower surface of the base plate (1), and both the millimeter wave radar (13) and the multi-spectral camera (14) are connected to the control cabinet for signal transmission.

4. The multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower surface of the base plate (1) is fixedly connected to a U-shaped frame (15) arranged in a symmetrical shape, and a clamping rod (16) arranged in parallel is connected between the two U-shaped frames (15). The fixed rod body of the pneumatic telescopic rod (4) is movably clamped between the two clamping rods (16), and the upper and lower side surfaces of the clamping rod (16) are provided with a guide groove (17). The fixed rod body of the pneumatic telescopic rod (4) is connected to clamping plates (41) on both sides, and the clamping plates (41) are clamped on the upper and lower side surfaces of the clamping rod (16) respectively, and the inner side surface of the clamping plates (41) is embedded with a ball (43), and the ball (43) is movably clamped in the guide groove (17). The lower surface of the base plate (1) is also fixedly connected to a clamping slide rail (18) arranged in parallel, and the top end of the pneumatic telescopic rod (4) is movably clamped between the two clamping slide rails (18), and the top end of the pneumatic telescopic rod (4) is fixedly connected to the slider of the clamping slide rail (18).

5. The multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the negative pressure suction disc (2) is provided with a plurality of docking holes (26), and the docking holes (26) are respectively connected to the bottom end of the seed box (3). A rotating plate (22) is rotatably connected in the negative pressure suction disc (2), and a retaining ring (23) is fixedly connected to the upper plate surface of the rotating plate (22), and the retaining ring (23) is tightly attached to the inner side surface of the upper end of the negative pressure suction disc (2). The rotating plate (22) and the retaining ring (23) are provided with a discharge hole (25), and the discharge hole (25) and the docking hole (26) have the same diameter, and the discharge hole (25) can be connected and docked with any docking hole (26). A rotating motor (24) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the upper end of the negative pressure suction disc (2), and the rotating shaft of the rotating motor (24) is fixedly connected to the rotating plate (22) coaxially.

6. The multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material distribution and guiding unit arranged between the negative pressure material suction disc (2) and the material guide seat (5) includes a discharge pipe (21), a multi-way distribution valve (54) and a plurality of distribution hoses (55), wherein the discharge pipe (21) is vertically connected to the bottom end of the negative pressure material suction disc (2), the multi-way distribution valve (54) is fixedly embedded on the base plate (1) of the frame assembly, the discharge pipe (21) is connected to the upper end of the multi-way distribution valve (54), the plurality of distribution hoses (55) are respectively connected to the discharge interface of the multi-way distribution valve (54), and the bottom end of the distribution hose (55) is connected to the material guide seat (5).

7. The multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lower part of the negative pressure suction disc (2) is in the shape of a conical funnel, and a vacuum conveyor (27) is connected to the discharge pipe (21) connected to the bottom end of the negative pressure suction disc (2).

8. The multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function according to claim 7, characterized in that: The bottom end of the seed box (3) is connected to a material guide pipe (31), the other end of the material guide pipe (31) is connected to the negative pressure material suction plate (2), and the height of the material guide pipe (31) is consistent with the height of the seed box (3).

9. The multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cavity is provided in the material guide seat (5), a sowing hole (53) communicating with the cavity is provided at the bottom of the material guide seat (5), a material guide plate (51) and a baffle (52) are provided in the cavity of the material guide seat (5), the material guide plate (51) is provided in a downwardly inclined shape, and the baffle (52) is connected to the upper part of the material guide plate (51) in an inclined shape.

10. The multi-stage seeder with adjustable row spacing and obstacle avoidance function according to claim 1, characterized in that: A backfill groove (61) is provided at the tail end of the furrow opener (6).

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