Method for cultivating silverweed cinquefoil root in saline-alkali soil

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly discloses a method for cultivating silverweed cinquefoil roots in saline-alkali soil. Comprising the following steps: S1, land selection and preparation; s2, water filling; s3, fertilization; s4, seed selection; s5, sowing the seeds; s6, field management; s7, autumn irrigation; and S8, harvesting. The method has the advantages that reclamation of other non-saline-alkali soil is reduced, an original ecological system is protected, water and soil loss is prevented, biological diversity is maintained, and the utilization rate of land resources is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and more specifically, to a method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali land refers to soil where salts accumulate, and the soluble salt and cation content exceeds the normal range, making it impossible for most plants to grow normally. Saline-alkali land is a type of soil that is relatively difficult to manage, especially the management of severely saline-alkali land. It also seriously affects the normal growth of plants and crops and is one of the important factors restricting the sustainable development of agriculture. The fruit yield and quality of plants grown in saline-alkali soil are affected. At the same time, the crop root system is inhibited and cannot absorb water normally, which in turn leads to the inhibition of leaf photosynthesis. In areas where salinization is particularly severe, crop yields are greatly reduced or even completely lost. However, the impact varies depending on the type of crop, salt tolerance, and the degree of salt stress.

[0003] Fern hemp, commonly known as "ginseng fruit", belongs to the genus Potentilla of the Rosaceae family. It is a perennial herb and a typical creeping stem clonal plant. In recent years, with the increase in market demand for fern hemp, artificial domestication and cultivation of fern hemp is the basis for the utilization of fern hemp and is also the only way to protect the ecological environment. Because fern hemp is highly adaptable, it can grow normally in black soil, chestnut soil, meadow soil, and alpine meadow soil. It has the advantages of salt and alkali resistance, barrenness resistance, cold resistance, drought resistance, and waterlogging resistance. Therefore, some experts have proposed planting fern hemp in saline-alkali land. However, due to the special geographical environment of saline-alkali land, a large investment is required in the initial stage for soil improvement, variety selection, facility construction, etc. Planters often encounter slow germination or no seedlings or low yields. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a standardized and feasible method for planting fern hemp in saline-alkali land. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to enable Potentilla anserina to grow normally in saline-alkali land, the present application provides a method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali land.

[0005] The present application provides a method for cultivating bracken hemp in saline-alkali soil using the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. Site selection and land preparation

[0008] Select severely saline-alkali land with a salt content of more than 0.8%, isolate the land with a ridge of more than 1 meter, and level the land;

[0009] S2, Seat Water

[0010] As soon as the soil thaws, water it thoroughly using sprinkler irrigation or flood irrigation. When the surface soil is relatively dry, plow and harrow it.

[0011] S3. Fertilization

[0012] Apply nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 200-263 kg / hm2, phosphorus fertilizer at a rate of 450-638 kg / hm2, potassium fertilizer at a rate of 188-300 kg / hm2, and commercial organic fertilizer at a rate of 600-1800 kg / hm2. The ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and commercial organic fertilizer should be 0.75:0.5:1:4.

[0013] S4. Seed selection

[0014] Choose bracken seeds that are free of insects, mold, and rot;

[0015] S5. Seeding

[0016] In late April or early May, when the surface temperature is stable above 5°C and the soil is thawed to a depth of 12.00-15.00 cm, sow seeds in time to seize the moisture; sow at a depth of 5-7 cm and a density of 5.00 cm x 5.00 cm; sow at a rate of 375-525 kg / hm2. 2 , 431,200 to 597,200 seedlings per hectare;

[0017] S6. Field Management

[0018] Intertillage and weeding: In the first year after sowing, intertillage and weeding should be done 3 to 4 times. Each time weeding, weeds should be completely uprooted. In late August, when the fern hemp is in full bloom, weeding is not suitable. After the second year, intertillage and weeding should be done 2 to 3 times, mainly to remove tall and malignant weeds.

[0019] Irrigation: Saline-alkali land is prone to drought. No watering is required for 2 months after watering, and the emergence rate of seedlings can reach more than 95%. Water thoroughly after emergence, once every 30 days.

[0020] S7, Autumn Irrigation

[0021] In mid-to-late October, irrigate 1-2 times;

[0022] S8. Harvesting

[0023] It is dug in the spring of the second year, with a digging depth of 10.00 to 25.00 cm.

[0024] Planting Potentilla anserine in the above-mentioned scientific and standardized manner can effectively reduce the salt content of the soil, improve the permeability of the soil, increase the organic matter content, and reduce the soil bulk density and salt content. Since Potentilla anserine can grow on saline-alkali land, its planting can reduce the reclamation of other non-salt-alkali lands, protect the original ecosystem, prevent soil erosion, maintain biodiversity, strengthen the development and promotion of crop varieties suitable for saline-alkali land, effectively expand the sown area of suitable crops, and improve the efficiency of land resource utilization. In addition, the method in this application is used to plant Potentilla anserine on saline-alkali land, and compared with common planting methods, the seed germination rate is high, the emergence is vigorous, and the yield is also good.

[0025] Under saline-alkali stress, nutrient imbalances in plants are often caused by salt ions affecting the availability, absorption, transport, and distribution of nutrients, leading to decreased crop quality and yield. Appropriate fertilizer application can effectively improve osmotic regulation, regulate stomatal conductance, mitigate ion toxicity, enhance photosynthesis, and increase nutrient absorption in plants grown in saline-alkali soils. Furthermore, an adequate nitrogen supply allows plant roots to obtain more nutrients and water from the soil under salt stress, providing an adaptation mechanism and improving crop salt tolerance and resistance. However, excessive fertilizer use increases the risk of soil structural degradation and inefficient resource utilization.

[0026] Preferably, the saline-alkali soil type in step S1 is chloride saline-alkali soil.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, when Potentilla anserina is planted in chloride-type saline-alkali soil, its underground root secretions and rhizosphere microorganisms can significantly reduce the salt content of the soil, which plays an important role in improving saline-alkali soil.

[0028] Preferably, the physical and chemical properties of the saline-alkali soil include a salt content of 1.10 to 18.00 g / kg and a pH of 8.03 to 9.41.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solution, Potentilla anserina has a wide range of salt tolerance and can adapt to soil conditions with a salt content of 1.10-18.00g / kg. When the salt content is at a medium-low level (such as 1.10-6.00g / kg), its growth is less restricted; even if the salt content is high (such as 18.00g / kg), it can still survive through physiological regulation. In a strongly alkaline environment with a soil pH of 8.03-9.41, Potentilla anserina may neutralize alkaline ions (such as Na) through root secretions. + ), or selective absorption of beneficial ions (such as K + , Ca 2 + ), reducing the effects of alkaline stress.

[0030] Preferably, the soaking time in step S2 is 1 time, and the soaking time is 2 days.

[0031] By adopting the above technical solution, when using the water-seat planting technology, water is injected into the soil below the seeds at one time. The water diffuses through the capillary action of the soil to produce a wet water mass. The seeds can easily obtain "life-saving water" during the germination period on the wet water mass that is easy to absorb water and oxygen, thereby increasing the germination rate.

[0032] Preferably, the Potentilla anserina in step S5 is sown by scattering.

[0033] By adopting the above technical solutions, scattering can distribute seeds more evenly across the sowing area, reducing competition among seeds and helping them better contact the soil, thereby increasing germination rates. Furthermore, scattering can help seeds quickly cover the target area, promoting the rapid recovery of vegetation in saline-alkali land.

[0034] Preferably, in step S6, when the emergence rate of Potentilla anserina in the first year is above 90%, the first weed is removed, and the second, third and fourth weeds are removed every 20 to 30 days thereafter; in the second year of the weeding, weeding is carried out every month from the beginning of June.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solution, in the first year of planting Potentilla anserina, since Potentilla anserina is in the seedling stage, its root system has not yet been fully established and cannot compete with weeds, so frequent weeding is required to ensure the growth space and nutrient supply of Potentilla anserina; in the second year, as the Potentilla anserina plants grow and their root systems develop, the plants are relatively stable and their competitiveness is enhanced, so the need for weeding will be relatively reduced.

[0036] Preferably, in the field management described in step S6, no plateau zokor, pests and diseases appear in the saline-alkali land, and no prevention or control is required.

[0037] By adopting the above technical solution, due to the high salt content in saline-alkali soil, low soil fertility, loose soil structure, high compactness, poor air permeability and water permeability, most plants find it difficult to grow, and microbial activity is reduced. This harsh soil environment also has an inhibitory effect on the survival and reproduction of most pests and diseases. The plateau zokor cannot meet its energy needs for survival and reproduction. Therefore, it saves manpower and material resources for field management and can also ensure the quality and yield of the fern plants.

[0038] Preferably, the spring excavation in step S8 is in late March or late April, when the soil thaws.

[0039] By adopting this technology, Potentilla anserine, a perennial herb, forms tubers from its roots underground. In late autumn of the year it is planted, the leaves quickly wither and turn yellow, and the tubers temporarily enter a dormant state. When the weather warms up the following year, the plant resumes growth. By the autumn of the following year or the spring of the third year, the roots have split into multiple grape-shaped tubers, similar to potatoes. The fruits are now plump and delicious.

[0040] Preferably, after the tubers are dug in step S8, tubers with uniform size and shape, without insect bites or impurities are selected and stored at -4°C for later use.

[0041] By adopting this technical solution, storing the tubers at -4°C can extend their shelf life, maintaining their freshness and nutritional value. The low temperature effectively inhibits metabolic activity and microbial growth in the tubers, ensuring they maintain good quality over a longer period and preserving the germplasm.

[0042] In summary, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] 1. By adopting a scientific and standardized planting method, Potentilla anserina can effectively reduce soil salinity, improve soil permeability, increase organic matter content, and reduce soil bulk density and salt content. Because Potentilla anserina can grow on saline-alkali land, its cultivation can reduce the need to reclaim other non-saline-alkali land, protect the original ecosystem, prevent soil erosion, maintain biodiversity, strengthen the development and promotion of crop varieties suitable for saline-alkali land, effectively expand the area suitable for crop planting, and improve the efficiency of land resource utilization.

[0044] 2. In this application, the preferred method is to use water-seating planting technology, in which water is injected into the soil below the seeds at one time. The water diffuses through the capillary action of the soil to form a wet water mass. The seeds can easily obtain "life-saving water" during the emergence period on the wet water mass that is convenient for absorbing water and oxygen, and thus the emergence rate is higher. Under normal circumstances, the emergence rate can reach 98%, which is about 30% higher than that of non-water-seating planting.

[0045] 3. This application prioritizes the use of a broadcasting method for planting Potentilla anserina. This method distributes seeds more evenly across the sowing area, reduces competition among seeds, and helps them better contact the soil, thereby increasing germination rates. Furthermore, broadcasting can help seeds quickly cover the target area, promoting rapid vegetation recovery in saline-alkali land. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 This is a graph showing the test results of the orthogonal experiment on various indicators of the yield characteristics of Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali land in this application (Note: the above pictures represent A: color; B: diameter; C: length; D: 100-grain weight; E: total number of tubers; F: total weight of tubers; G: ratio of the number of globular tubers; H: ratio of the mass of globular tubers; I: commercial rate; J: yield). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following is combined with Figure 1 The present application is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0048] Example

[0049] Example 1

[0050] A method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:

[0051] S1. Site selection and land preparation

[0052] Severe saline-alkali land with a salt content of more than 0.8% is selected, and the soil type of the saline-alkali land is chloride saline-alkali soil. The location selected for this application is located in Haotchahan Village, Xuji Township, Delingha City, Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province (N97°55′1″, E37°20′56″, 3120m above sea level), located on the northeastern edge of the Qaidam Basin. It has a typical plateau continental arid climate with little precipitation, mainly concentrated in June to September, and an average altitude of 2980m. The physical and chemical properties of the soil are as follows: salt content is 18.00g / kg, pH is 9.41, alkaline nitrogen is 22.74mg / kg, available potassium is 275.03mg / kg, available phosphorus is 13.68mg / kg, organic matter content is 7.17g / kg, total nitrogen is 0.49g / kg, total phosphorus is 0.76g / kg, and total potassium is 21.58g / kg. When soil physical and chemical properties are within the above range, Potentilla anserina develops a well-developed root system, which can enhance soil permeability, promote salt leaching, and reduce surface salt accumulation. Its fallen leaves can also increase organic matter, gradually improving soil fertility. As a pioneering salt-alkali-tolerant plant, Potentilla anserina can grow stably in poor soils, reducing land abandonment. Its tubers or leaves may have medicinal, edible, or feed value, increasing the economic benefits of saline-alkali land.

[0053] After selecting a location, isolate the land with a ridge more than 1 meter high and level the land.

[0054] S2, Seat Water

[0055] As soon as the soil thaws, water it thoroughly using sprinkler irrigation. When the surface soil is relatively dry, plow it and harrow it flat. The number of watering times is 1, and the soaking time is 2 days.

[0056] S3. Fertilization

[0057] Apply nitrogen fertilizer 200kg / hm 2 , apply phosphate fertilizer 450kg / hm 2 , apply potassium fertilizer 188kg / hm 2 , apply commercial organic fertilizer 600kg / hm 2 The ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer is 0.75:0.5:1:4; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphorus fertilizer is superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

[0058] S4. Seed selection

[0059] Choose bracken seeds that are free of insects, mildew, and rot.

[0060] S5. Seeding

[0061] In late April, when the surface temperature is stable above 5°C and the soil is thawed to 12.00cm, timely sowing should be carried out; the sowing depth is 5cm, the sowing density is 5.00cm×5.00cm, and the sowing rate is 375kg / hm 2 , about 431,200 seedlings per hectare; fern hemp is sown by broadcasting.

[0062] S6. Field Management

[0063] Intertillage and Weeding: In the first year of sowing, intertillage and weeding are performed three times. When the emergence rate of the fern hemp seedlings exceeds 90%, the first weed is removed. The second, third, and fourth weedings are performed every 20 days thereafter. Each weeding is performed by uprooting the weeds. In late August, when the fern hemp is in full bloom, weeding is not recommended. After the second year, intertillage and weeding are performed twice. Starting in early June, weeding is performed once a month, focusing primarily on removing tall and aggressive weeds.

[0064] Irrigation: Saline-alkali land is prone to drought. No watering is required for 2 months after water is applied, and the emergence rate of seedlings can reach more than 95%. After the seedlings emerge, water them thoroughly once every 30 days.

[0065] Pest and disease control: There are no plateau zokors, pests and diseases in the saline-alkali land, so no control is needed.

[0066] S7, Autumn Irrigation

[0067] In mid-to-late October, irrigate once;

[0068] S8. Harvesting

[0069] It is dug in the spring of the second year, with a digging depth of 10.00 cm; spring digging is in late March, when the soil thaws.

[0070] After digging up the tubers, select tubers that are uniform in size and shape, free of insect infestations and impurities, and store them at -4°C for later use.

[0071] Example 2

[0072] A method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:

[0073] S1. Site selection and land preparation

[0074] Select a severely saline-alkali land with a salt content of more than 0.8%, and the soil type of the saline-alkali land is chloride-type saline-alkali soil. The site selected for this application is located in the artificial planting base of fern hemp in Riyue Tibetan Township, Huangyuan County, Xining City, Qinghai Province (N101°7′49.26″E, 36°31′31.35″N, 3100m above sea level). The physical and chemical properties of the soil are as follows: salt content is 1.10g / kg, pH is 8.03, alkaline nitrogen is 131.01mg / kg, available potassium is 186.23mg / kg, available phosphorus is 40.08mg / kg, organic matter content is 15.97g / kg, total nitrogen is 2.22g / kg, total phosphorus is 1.19g / kg, and total potassium is 20.74g / kg;

[0075] Isolate the land with a ridge more than 1 meter high and level the land.

[0076] S2, Seat Water

[0077] As soon as the soil thaws, water it thoroughly using flood irrigation. When the surface soil is relatively dry, plow it and harrow it flat. The number of watering times is 1, and the soaking time is 2 days.

[0078] S3. Fertilization

[0079] Nitrogen fertilizer application: 263 kg / hm 2 , apply pure phosphate fertilizer 638kg / hm 2 , apply pure potassium fertilizer 300kg / hm 2 , apply commercial organic fertilizer 1800kg / hm 2 The ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer is 0.75:0.5:1:4; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphorus fertilizer is superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

[0080] S4. Seed selection

[0081] Choose bracken seeds that are free of insects, mold, and rot;

[0082] S5. Seeding

[0083] In early May, when the surface temperature is stable above 5°C and the soil is thawed to 15.00cm, timely sowing should be carried out; the sowing depth is 7cm, the sowing density is 5.00cm×5.00cm, and the sowing rate is 525kg / hm 2 , there are about 597,200 seedlings per hectare; fern hemp is sown by broadcasting.

[0084] S6. Field Management

[0085] Intertillage and Weeding: In the first year of sowing, intertillage and weeding are performed four times. When the emergence rate of the fern hemp seedlings exceeds 90%, the first weed is removed. The second, third, and fourth weedings are performed every 30 days thereafter. Each weeding is performed by uprooting the weeds. In late August, when the fern hemp is in full bloom, weeding is not recommended. After the second year, intertillage and weeding are performed three times. Starting in early June, weeding is performed once a month, focusing primarily on removing tall and aggressive weeds.

[0086] Irrigation: Saline-alkali land is prone to drought. No watering is required for 2 months after water is applied, and the emergence rate of seedlings can reach more than 95%. After the seedlings emerge, water them thoroughly once every 30 days.

[0087] Pest and disease control: There are no plateau zokors, pests and diseases in the saline-alkali land, so no control is needed.

[0088] S7, Autumn Irrigation

[0089] In mid-to-late October, irrigate twice;

[0090] S8. Harvesting

[0091] It is dug in the spring of the second year, with a digging depth of 25.00 cm; spring digging is in late March, when the soil thaws.

[0092] After digging up the tubers, select tubers that are uniform in size and shape, free of insect infestations and impurities, and store them at -4°C for later use.

[0093] Example 3

[0094] A method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:

[0095] S1. Site selection and land preparation

[0096] Select severely saline-alkali land with a salt content of more than 0.8%, and the soil type of the saline-alkali land is chloride-type saline-alkali soil. The site selected for this application is located in Xuji Township, Delingha City, Qinghai Province (N97°55′1″, E37°20′56″, 3120m above sea level). The physical and chemical properties of the saline-alkali soil are as follows: salt content of 9.10g / kg, pH of 8.9, alkaline nitrogen of 60.9mg / kg, available potassium of 235.05mg / kg, available phosphorus of 23.10mg / kg, organic matter content of 11.3g / kg, total nitrogen of 1.36g / kg, total phosphorus of 1.09g / kg, and total potassium of 21.02g / kg;

[0097] Isolate the land with a ridge more than 1 meter high and level the land.

[0098] S2, Seat Water

[0099] As soon as the soil thaws, water it thoroughly using flood irrigation. When the surface soil is relatively dry, plow it and harrow it flat. The number of watering times is 1, and the soaking time is 2 days.

[0100] S3. Fertilization

[0101] Nitrogen fertilizer application: 231.5 kg / hm 2 , apply 544kg / hm2 of phosphorus fertilizer 2 , apply pure potassium fertilizer 244kg / hm 2 , apply commercial organic fertilizer 1200kg / hm 2 The ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and commercial organic fertilizer is 0.75:0.5:1:4; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphorus fertilizer is superphosphate, and the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

[0102] S4. Seed selection

[0103] Choose bracken seeds that are free of insects, mildew, and rot.

[0104] S5. Seeding

[0105] In late April, when the surface temperature is stable above 5°C and the soil is thawed to 13.25cm, timely sowing should be carried out; the sowing depth is 6cm, the sowing density is 5.00cm×5.00cm, and the sowing rate is 450kg / hm 2 , about 503,300 seedlings per hectare; fern hemp is sown by broadcasting.

[0106] S6. Field Management

[0107] Intertillage and Weeding: In the first year of sowing, intertillage and weeding are performed three times. When the emergence rate of the fern hemp seedlings exceeds 90%, the first weed is removed. The second, third, and fourth weedings are performed every 25 days thereafter. Each weeding is performed by uprooting the weeds. In late August, when the fern hemp is in full bloom, weeding is not recommended. After the second year, intertillage and weeding are performed twice. Starting in early June, weeding is performed once a month, focusing primarily on removing tall and aggressive weeds.

[0108] Irrigation: Saline-alkali land is prone to drought. No watering is required for 2 months after water is applied, and the emergence rate of seedlings can reach more than 95%. After the seedlings emerge, water them thoroughly once every 30 days.

[0109] Pest and disease control: There are no plateau zokors, pests and diseases in the saline-alkali land, so no control is needed.

[0110] S7, Autumn Irrigation

[0111] Irrigate once from mid-to-late October to winter freezing.

[0112] S8. Harvesting

[0113] The excavation is carried out in the spring of the second year, with an excavation depth of 18.00 cm; the spring excavation is carried out in late April when the soil thaws.

[0114] After digging up the tubers, select tubers that are uniform in size and shape, free of insect infestations and impurities, and store them at -4°C for later use.

[0115] Comparative Example

[0116] Comparative Example 1

[0117] The difference from Example 1 is that the planting field is non-saline-alkali land.

[0118] Comparative Example 2

[0119] The difference from Example 2 is that the planting field is non-saline-alkali land.

[0120] Comparative Example 3

[0121] The difference from Example 3 is that the planting field is non-saline-alkali land.

[0122] Comparative Example 4

[0123] The difference from Example 2 is that there is no watering step in the cultivation process.

[0124] Comparative Example 5

[0125] The difference from Example 2 is that no fertilizer was applied during the cultivation process.

[0126] Performance testing

[0127] 1. Experiment on the germination rate of Potentilla anserina under different experimental conditions

[0128] 1.1 Experimental design

[0129] Referring to the cultivation methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 above, multiple representative regions were selected for testing, with multiple replicate test sites set up in each region. The test sites were randomly arranged in blocks to ensure consistent test conditions in each region.

[0130] 1.2 Seedling emergence rate survey method

[0131] In 30m 2 Sow the seeds in strips on the soil, observe the germination every day, record the number of seedlings after 7 days, 15 days and 30 days, calculate the emergence rate of each area, and take the average emergence rate. The calculation method of germination rate is:

[0132] 1.3 Test results

[0133] Table 1-1 Seedling rate of Potentilla anserina under different experimental conditions

[0134]

[0135] Combining Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3, it can be seen that there is a certain difference in the emergence rate of Potentilla anserine in saline-alkali land and non-saline-alkali land. However, when the method in the present application is used to cultivate Potentilla anserine in saline-alkali land, the emergence rate is as low as 86.3% and as high as 91.3%, which is second only to the minimum emergence rate of 95.7% in ordinary non-saline-alkali land. This shows that the method of the present application for planting Potentilla anserine in saline-alkali land is effective and the survival rate of Potentilla anserine is high.

[0136] The germination rate of each experimental field changed after 7 days, 15 days and 30 days, which shows that as the number of days changes, some seeds germinate slowly and then slowly germinate in the later stage; some seeds cannot resist the harsh environment after germination and die.

[0137] Combining Example 2 and Comparative Example 4 with Table 1-1, it can be seen that if Potentilla anserina is planted in saline-alkali land without watering before sowing, the germination rate of Potentilla anserina seeds will be seriously affected, and the seed germination rate will be reduced by about 30% compared with the germination rate after watering.

[0138] In combination with Example 2 and Comparative Example 5 and Table 1-1, it can be seen that if no fertilizer is applied to plant Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali land, the emergence rate is only about 30% after 7 days of planting, and the number of seedlings emerging is less as time goes by, indicating that the seedlings have a high rate of withering and dying when emerging. This may be due to the imbalance of nutrients in the plant body under saline-alkali stress, and the effect of salt ions on the effectiveness, absorption, transport and distribution of nutrients in the plant body, which leads to a decrease in the emergence rate. Because saline-alkali stress has an inhibitory effect on crop growth, crop growth improves after fertilizer application, and crop growth is also different under different fertilization levels. Nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the elements with the largest absorption during the growth and development of Potentilla anserina, and play a key role in the construction of Potentilla anserina plants. As a green fertilizer, biological organic fertilizer has the properties of reducing soil bulk density, promoting the formation of soil aggregate structure, increasing soil nutrients, and promoting soil water and fertilizer retention.

[0139] 2. Effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield characteristics of Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil

[0140] 2.1 Test materials

[0141] This experiment was conducted at the saline-alkali soil experimental station of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Potentilla Industry Research Institute, Qinghai University for Nationalities. Located in Haotchahan Village, Xuji Township, Delingha City, Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province (N97°55′1″, E37°20′56″, 3120 m above sea level), this area, situated on the northeastern edge of the Qaidam Basin, has a typical plateau continental arid climate with low precipitation, mainly concentrated from June to September. The average altitude is 2980 m. The climate is dry with large diurnal temperature differences, long sunshine hours, and little rain or snow. The soil type is chloride saline-alkali soil. The physical and chemical properties of the soil are as follows: salt content of 18.00 g / kg, pH of 9.41, alkaline nitrogen of 22.74 mg / kg, available potassium of 275.03 mg / kg, available phosphorus of 13.68 mg / kg, organic matter content of 7.17 g / kg, total nitrogen of 0.49 g / kg, total phosphorus of 0.76 g / kg, and total potassium of 21.58 g / kg.

[0142] Test Variety: Potentilla No. 4, bred by the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Potentilla Industry Research Institute, is characterized by its light brown color, 90%-95% spherical shape, and 100-fruit weight of approximately 70 grams. It is salt- and alkali-tolerant, high-quality, sweet, nutritious, and delicious, making it an edible variety. Its yield can reach 1,200-1,500 kilograms of fresh fruit per mu.

[0143] Fertilizer selection: Ziniu biological organic fertilizer (Bayannur Deyuan Fertilizer Co., Ltd., organic matter ≥55%, N:P2O5:K2O=8:3:1, total nutrient content ≥12%, calcium ≥2%); urea (China National Petroleum Corporation, total nitrogen >46.0%); superphosphate (Xi'an Yunke Fertilizer Co., Ltd., granular, available phosphorus: P2O5 ≥12.0%, water-soluble phosphorus (P2O5) ≥7%, sulfur (S) ≥8%), potassium sulfate (Yantai Huahai International Trade Co., Ltd., potassium oxide (K2O) ≥50%, sulfur (S) ≥16%, chloride ion (Cl - )≤1.5%, moisture (H2O)≤1.5%).

[0144] 2.2 Test methods

[0145] In April 2023, the tubers were dug up and those with uniform size and shape, without insects or impurities were selected and stored at -4℃ for future use. In mid-April 2024, the soil was turned over and fertilized. The plot area was 21m 2 The experiment used a 4-factor, 3-level, non-interaction design with four single-factor experiments: nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and organic fertilizer. Each single-factor experiment had three levels (CK, 1, 2, and 3). Watering was done in advance, and the topsoil was plowed after drying. The fertilizer was applied as a base fertilizer all at once. Potentilla anserine was spread, with 800 g per plot, and watering and weeding were carried out promptly.

[0146] 2.3 Experimental design

[0147] Nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and organic fertilizer are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and organic matter (M), respectively. The different values and codes of each factor are shown in the table below.

[0148] Table 2-1 Factor level design table of the experiment on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic fertilizer of fern hemp

[0149]

[0150] Table 2-2 Experimental plan of four-factor three-level design of bracken nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium organic fertilizer

[0151]

[0152] 2.4 Results and Analysis

[0153] Table 2-3 Effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield characteristics of Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil

[0154]

[0155] Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

[0156] This study found that the total number of tubers and the total weight of tubers are the key factors affecting the yield of Potentilla anserina. The yield was lowest when no fertilizer was applied, and the number of tubers and the total weight of tubers were also the lowest. When the yield was at the highest value (517.884 kg / mu), the total number of tubers and the total weight of tubers were also the highest. Different fertilization treatments had different effects on the yield traits of the underground part of Potentilla anserina. Under each treatment, Potentilla anserina showed swelling, as shown in Table 2-3. Figure 1 As shown. The 100-grain weight, total number of tubers, total weight of tubers, and yield of each fertilization treatment were higher than those of the control group (N0P0K0M0). The globular mass ratio and commercial rate of treatment 2 (N1P2K2M2) were 0.67 and 85.81% higher than those of the other treatment groups, which were 6.35% and 20.00% higher than those of the control group, respectively. The length, total number of tubers, total weight of tubers, globular number ratio, and yield of treatment 5 (N2P2K3M1) were 9.55cm, 587.00, 194.20g, 0.61, and 517.88kg / mu higher than those of the other treatment groups, respectively, which were 6.35% and 20.00% higher than those of the control group, respectively. The growth rates of the three treatments were 47.60%, 313.38%, 369.42%, 29.79%, and 369.35%. The total weight of the heel and the yield were significantly different from those of the other treatments (P < 0.05). The 100-grain weight of treatment 6 (N2P3K1M2) was 76.02 g higher than that of the other treatments, a 207.03% increase compared to the control group. The diameter of treatment 9 (N3P3K2M1) was 4.28 cm higher than that of the other treatments, a 44.11% increase compared to the control group. There were no significant differences in color among the treatments (P < 0.05).

[0157] In summary, the growth and development of Potentilla anserina under different fertilizer treatments in saline-alkali soil were significantly improved compared with the control (P < 0.05); the underground yield traits of 100-grain weight, total number of tubers, ratio of bulbous tubers and yield were significantly improved compared with the control (P < 0.05). 2 , phosphate fertilizer 544kg / hm 2 , Potash fertilizer 300kg / hm 2 , organic fertilizer 600kg / hm 2 )The above indicators were 74.22g, 587.00, 0.61, and 517.88kg / mu, respectively, which were significantly increased by 199.76%, 313.38%, 29.79%, and 407.54% compared with the control.

[0158] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make non-creative modifications to the present embodiment as needed, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Site selection and land preparation Select severely saline-alkali land with a salt content of more than 0.8%, isolate the land with a ridge of more than 1 meter, and level the land; S2, Seat Water As soon as the soil thaws, water it thoroughly using sprinkler irrigation or flood irrigation. When the surface soil is relatively dry, plow and harrow it. S3. Fertilization Apply nitrogen fertilizer at a rate of 200-263 kg / hm2, phosphorus fertilizer at a rate of 450-638 kg / hm2, potassium fertilizer at a rate of 188-300 kg / hm2, and commercial organic fertilizer at a rate of 600-1800 kg / hm2. The ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and commercial organic fertilizer should be 0.75:0.5:1:

4. S4. Seed selection Choose bracken seeds that are free of insects, mold, and rot; S5. Seeding In late April or early May, when the surface temperature is stable above 5°C and the soil has thawed to a depth of 12.00-15.00 cm, timely sowing should be carried out; the sowing depth should be 5-7 cm, and the sowing density should be 5.00 cm × 5.00 cm; the sowing rate should be 375-525 kg / hm2, and the seedling capacity should be 431,200-597,200 plants per hectare; S6. Field Management Intertillage and weeding: In the first year after sowing, intertillage and weeding should be done 3 to 4 times. Each time weeding, weeds should be completely uprooted. In late August, when the fern hemp is in full bloom, weeding is not suitable. After the second year, intertillage and weeding should be done 2 to 3 times, mainly to remove tall and malignant weeds. Irrigation: Saline-alkali land is prone to drought. No watering is required for 2 months after watering, and the emergence rate of seedlings can reach more than 95%. Water thoroughly after emergence, once every 30 days. S7, Autumn Irrigation In mid-to-late October, irrigate 1-2 times; S8. Harvesting It is dug in the spring of the second year, with a digging depth of 10.00 to 25.00 cm.

2. The method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein: The saline-alkali soil type in step S1 is chloride saline-alkali soil.

3. A saline-alkali soil Potentilla anserine cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The saline-alkali soil has a physical and chemical property of salt content of 1.10-18.00 g / kg and a pH of 8.03-9.

41.

4. The method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the number of soaking times is 1, and the soaking time is 2 days.

5. The method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein: In step S3, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

6. The method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein: In step S5, the Potentilla anserina is sown in a scattering manner.

7. The method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein: In step S6, when the emergence rate of Potentilla anserina in the first year is above 90%, the first weed is removed, and the second, third and fourth weeds are removed every 20 to 30 days thereafter; in the second year of the weeding, weeding is carried out every month from the beginning of June.

8. The method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein: According to the field management described in step S6, no plateau zokor, pests and diseases have appeared in the saline-alkali land, and no prevention and control is required.

9. The method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein: The spring excavation in step S8 is carried out in late March or late April, when the soil thaws.

10. The method for cultivating Potentilla anserina in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein: After the tubers are dug in step S8, tubers with uniform size and shape, without insect bites or impurities are selected and stored at -4°C for later use.

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