Solar particle heat absorption device and method

Abstract

According to the solar particle heat absorption device and method, in the device, particles are indirectly heated in the device, a first particle flow control valve and a second particle flow control valve control the speed and flow of the particles entering a first particle heat absorber, and the particles are driven by gravity to flow in the first-stage particle heat absorber; the particles flow out of the first particle heat absorber and then flow into the particle mixture box through the second particle flow control valve, the first particle heat absorber is a box with the periphery closed, and a light absorption module and a light reflection module are arranged on the light receiving face of the first particle heat absorber. The second-stage particle heat absorber is located below the first-stage particle heat absorber so as to receive particles flowing out of the first-stage particle heat absorber and directly heat the particles. The heliostat field directionally reflects sunlight, the light absorption module absorbs solar light beams from the heliostat field and heats particles in the first-stage particle heat absorber, and the light reflection module reflects the light beams from the heliostat field to the surface of the second-stage particle heat absorber.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar thermal utilization, and in particular to a solar particle heat absorption device and method. Background Art

[0002] As the global climate crisis intensifies and fossil energy reserves dwindle, the development of efficient, clean, and renewable energy technologies has become an urgent need. As a widely distributed and unlimited energy source, the efficient utilization of solar energy is a core component of energy transformation. Concentrated solar thermal power generation (CSP) technology, with its scalable heat storage and high compatibility with the power grid, has become a key component of solar energy utilization.

[0003] Existing concentrated solar thermal power generation systems mostly use molten salt or thermal oil as the heat transfer fluid, but they have significant bottlenecks: the upper applicable temperature limit of traditional molten salt (about 565°C) limits the improvement of thermal cycle efficiency; at high temperatures, molten salt is more corrosive to pipelines and storage tanks, reducing long-term operational reliability; and they rely on indirect heat absorption, which results in high heat loss and high maintenance costs.

[0004] Particle tower CSP technology belongs to the fourth generation of concentrated solar thermal power generation (CSP). Its core is the use of solid particles (such as ceramic particles and quartz sand) as a heat transfer and storage medium. The system uses a field of heliostats to focus sunlight onto a particle absorber at the top of the tower. The particles absorb heat at high temperatures (reaching over 1000°C) and are then transported by gravity or pneumatics to a heat storage tank, where they release the heat to generate electricity. This technology is considered a key innovation in breaking through the temperature limitations of traditional CSP.

[0005] Existing particle thermal absorbers can be categorized by their photothermal conversion method: direct absorption and indirect absorption. In direct absorption particle thermal absorbers, particles are directly exposed to concentrated solar radiation, where they absorb light energy through their surface and convert it into heat. This direct heating of the particles allows for rapid temperature increases. Direct absorption particle thermal absorbers typically employ various particle flow patterns, such as free-fall, obstruction, and spiral rise. While characterized by high heat conversion efficiency, direct absorption particle flow is susceptible to strong wind disturbances, leading to increased heat loss or particle dispersion. Furthermore, particle temperature control under gravity release conditions is difficult, making it difficult to cope with the volatility of solar radiation. In indirect absorption particle thermal absorbers, particles are shielded from solar radiation by an intermediate medium (such as a transparent quartz tube or a light-transmitting cavity). Heat is transferred to the particles through the cavity's inner wall or radiant panels (e.g., a closed particle circulation system). By keeping the particles flowing within a closed channel, indirect absorption particle thermal absorbers prevent particle escape, thereby improving system reliability. However, under concentrated solar radiation, the transparent medium experiences severe local temperature gradients (e.g., the temperature difference between the center and edge of the spot can reach hundreds of degrees Celsius). Repeated thermal stress can easily induce microcracks, shortening the service life. Furthermore, due to the low heat transfer coefficient between the particles and the heat-absorbing wall, the heat transfer performance of indirect heat absorbers is poor, resulting in increased surface temperature and radiative heat loss. Therefore, the development of a solid particle solar heat absorber with high heat absorption efficiency, minimal heat loss, and excellent system response is crucial and urgent.

[0006] The information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In response to the shortcomings or defects of the existing technology, a solar particle heat absorption device and method are provided, which heats the particles by a combination of direct and indirect heating. The two heating methods can be controlled separately, the system has low heat loss, flexible operation, and high temperature control accuracy.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0009] A solar particle heat absorption device includes: A first-stage particle heat absorber, in which the particles are indirectly heated, is provided with a first particle storage box, a first particle flow control valve, a first particle heat absorber, a second particle flow control valve, a particle mixing box, a third particle flow control valve, a particle discharge port, and a particle distribution device in sequence along the direction of gravity. The first particle flow control valve and the second particle flow control valve control the speed and flow of the particles entering the first particle heat absorber. The particles flow in the first-stage particle heat absorber driven by gravity. After flowing out of the first particle heat absorber, the particles flow into the particle mixing box through the second particle flow control valve. The first particle heat absorber is a box body closed on all sides, and its light-receiving surface is provided with a light absorption module and a light reflection module; a second-stage particle heat absorber, which is located below the first-stage particle heat absorber to receive particles flowing from the first-stage particle heat absorber and directly heat them; A heliostat field that directionally reflects sunlight, a light absorption module absorbs the solar beam from the heliostat field and heats the particles in the first particle heat absorber, and a light reflection module reflects the beam from the heliostat field to the surface of the second-stage particle heat absorber; The third particle storage bin is located below the second-stage particle heat absorber to receive the particles from the second-stage particle heat absorber.

[0010] In the solar particle heat absorption device, the first particle flow control valve, the second particle flow control valve and the third particle flow control valve are respectively controlled by the first particle flow control valve driving device, the second particle flow control valve driving device and the third particle flow control valve driving device to control their openings, thereby controlling the particle flow.

[0011] In the solar particle heat absorption device, the first particle heat absorber, the particle mixing box, the second particle storage box, the second-stage particle heat absorber and the third particle storage bin are all provided with temperature detection devices, and the first-stage particle heat absorber and the second-stage particle heat absorber are provided with irradiation intensity detection devices.

[0012] In the solar particle heat absorption device, the particle third flow control valve controls the particle flow rate flowing into the second-stage particle heat absorber.

[0013] In the solar particle heat absorption device, the second-stage particle heat absorber includes a conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber, and the edge of the particle distribution device close to the surface of the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber is serrated to increase the heat absorption area of the particles on the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber. The particle distribution device controls the distance between it and the surface of the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber through the particle distribution device driving device to adjust the thickness of the particles on the surface of the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber.

[0014] In the solar particle heat absorption device, the second particle storage box releases cold particles into the particle mixing box through the fourth particle flow control valve to adjust the temperature of the particles entering the second-stage particle heat absorber. A particle mixer is provided in the mixing box to make the temperature of the particles in the mixing box uniform.

[0015] In the solar energy particle heat absorption device, the second-stage particle heat absorber includes a turntable-type particle second heat absorber with a horizontal turntable, a support frame extending from the center of the turntable-type particle second heat absorber, a particle recovery system bracket fixed on the support frame, and a particle recovery system baffle fixed on the particle recovery system bracket. The particles from the first-stage particle heat absorber are spread flat on the surface of the horizontal turntable and rotate with the horizontal turntable, and are directly heated by the reflected light from the particle first heat absorber. The heated particles are collected in the circular hole in the center of the horizontal turntable, and the particles flow into the particle third storage box under the action of gravity.

[0016] In the solar particle heat absorption device, four first-stage particle heat absorbers and four particle recovery system baffles are arranged in an equiangular circular array. The four first-stage particle heat absorbers respectively receive solar beams from the four heliostat fields, and reflect part of the solar beams to the surface of the turntable particle second heat absorber through the light reflection module. The heated particles are collected into the particle third storage box through the particle recovery system baffle.

[0017] The heat absorption method of the solar particle heat absorption device includes: The layout area distribution of the light absorption module and the light reflection module on the light receiving surface of the first heat absorber of the particle is set according to the monthly average irradiation intensity and the particle use temperature. According to the radiation intensity received by the first-stage particle heat absorber and the particle temperature in the first particle heat absorber, the opening of the first particle flow control valve and the second particle flow control valve is adjusted to realize the particle temperature control in the first particle heat absorber. According to the radiation intensity received by the second-stage particle heat absorber and the particle temperature in the second-stage particle heat absorber, the opening of the third particle flow control valve and the fourth particle flow control valve are adjusted, the particle thickness on the surface of the second-stage particle heat absorber is adjusted through the particle distribution device, and the particle temperature control is achieved by adjusting the movement speed of the second-stage particle heat absorber.

[0018] In the described heat absorption method, when the second-stage particle heat absorber includes a conveyor-type particle second heat absorber, the particle movement speed is adjusted by adjusting the conveyor belt speed of the conveyor-type particle second heat absorber, thereby realizing the temperature control of the particles in the conveyor-type particle second heat absorber; when the second-stage particle heat absorber includes a turntable-type particle second heat absorber, the particle movement speed is adjusted by adjusting the turntable speed of the turntable-type particle second heat absorber, thereby realizing the temperature control of the particles in the turntable-type particle second heat absorber.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention uses a two-stage heater to heat the particles, using indirect and direct heating methods respectively, which makes up for the limitations of indirect and direct particle heat absorbers and improves the particle heating efficiency. The particle temperature is controlled in stages, and multi-angle temperature regulation is achieved through flow control, conveyor belt or turntable rotation speed and particle arrangement thickness. The first-stage particle heat absorber is closed and not disturbed by strong winds, so there is no particle loss; the second-stage particle heat absorber is a turntable or conveyor belt type. The particles move on the horizontal plane with the turntable and conveyor belt. There is no relative movement between the particles and they are less affected by strong wind disturbances. Wind shields can be set around the turntable or conveyor belt to further reduce particle loss. The combined effect of flow control, conveyor belt or turntable rotation speed and particle mixing box can quickly respond to fluctuations in solar radiation. The solar particle heat absorber can release cold particles to the second-stage particle heat absorber to prevent the second-stage particle heat absorber from overheating.

[0020] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to make the technical means of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, so that those skilled in the art can implement it according to the contents of the description, and in order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific embodiments of the present invention are illustrated below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Various other advantages and benefits of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiments below. The accompanying drawings are intended only to illustrate preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. It should be understood that the drawings described below are merely examples of the present invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to derive other drawings from these drawings without inventive effort. Throughout the drawings, identical reference numerals are used to denote identical components.

[0022] In the attached figure: Figure 1 This is an axial schematic diagram of a conveyor-type two-stage particle heat absorber according to an embodiment of the present invention (the dotted arrows in the figure represent light); Figure 2 A front view of a conveyor-type two-stage particle heat absorber according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 A right side view of a conveyor belt type two-stage particle heat absorber according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an axial schematic diagram of a rotating disk-type two-stage particle heat absorber according to an embodiment of the present invention (the dotted arrows in the figure represent light); Figure 5This is a front view of a rotary disc two-stage particle heat absorber according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a left side view of a rotary disc two-stage particle heat absorber according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is an axial schematic diagram of a full-angle rotating disk two-stage particle heat absorber according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution of light absorption and light reflection modules of the particle first heat absorber of the present invention; In the figure: 1. First particle storage box, 2. First particle flow control valve, 3. First particle heat absorber, 4. Second particle flow control valve, 5. Particle mixing box, 6. Third particle flow control valve, 7. Particle discharge port, 8. Particle distribution device, 9. Second particle storage box, 10. Fourth particle flow control valve, 11. First particle flow control valve drive device, 12. Second particle flow control valve drive device, 13. Particle mixer, 14. Third particle flow control valve drive device, 15. Particle distribution device drive device, 16. Fourth particle flow control valve drive device, 17. Conveyor-type second particle heat absorber, 18. Third particle storage box, 19. Particle conveying device, 20. Particle conveying device drive device, 21. Rotary disk second particle heat absorber, 22. Support frame, 23. Particle recovery system bracket, 24. Particle recovery system baffle, 25. Heliostat field, 26. Light absorption module, 27. Light reflection module.

[0023] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although specific embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough understanding of the present invention and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0025] It should be noted that certain words are used in the specification and claims to refer to specific components. Those skilled in the art should understand that technicians may use different nouns to refer to the same component. This specification and claims do not use the difference in nouns as a way to distinguish components, but use the difference in the functions of the components as the criterion for distinction. As mentioned throughout the specification and claims, "including" or "comprising" is an open term, so it should be interpreted as "including but not limited to". The subsequent description of the specification is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the description is based on the general principles of the specification and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The scope of protection of the present invention shall be as defined in the attached claims.

[0026] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, several specific embodiments will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the accompanying drawings do not limit the embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] For better understanding, Figures 1 to 8 As shown, a solar particle heat absorption device includes: A first-stage particle heat absorber, in which the particles are indirectly heated, is provided with a first particle storage box 1, a first particle flow control valve 2, a first particle heat absorber 3, a second particle flow control valve 4, a particle mixing box 5, a third particle flow control valve 6, a particle discharge port 7, and a particle distribution device 8 in sequence along the gravity direction. The first particle flow control valve 2 and the second particle flow control valve 4 control the speed and flow of particles entering the first particle heat absorber 3. The particles flow in the first-stage particle heat absorber 3 by gravity. After flowing out of the first particle heat absorber 3, the particles flow into the particle mixing box 5 through the second particle flow control valve 4. The first particle heat absorber 3 is a box body closed on all sides, and its light-receiving surface is provided with a light absorption module 26 and a light reflection module 27; a second-stage particle heat absorber, which is located below the first-stage particle heat absorber to receive particles flowing from the first-stage particle heat absorber and directly heat them; The heliostat field 25 reflects sunlight in a directionally reflecting manner. The light absorbing module 26 absorbs the solar beams from the heliostat field 25 and heats the particles in the first particle heat absorber 3. The light reflecting module 27 reflects the beams from the heliostat field 25 to the surface of the second-stage particle heat absorber. The third particle storage box 18 is located below the second-stage particle heat absorber to receive the particles from the second-stage particle heat absorber.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the solar particle heat absorption device, the particle first flow control valve 2, the particle second flow control valve 4 and the particle third flow control valve 6 are respectively controlled by the particle first flow control valve driving device 11, the particle second flow control valve driving device 12 and the particle third flow control valve driving device 14 to control their openings, thereby controlling the particle flow.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the solar particle heat absorption device, the first particle heat absorber 3, the particle mixing box 5, the second particle storage box 9, the second-stage particle heat absorber and the third particle storage box 18 are all provided with temperature detection devices, and the first-stage particle heat absorber and the second-stage particle heat absorber are provided with irradiation intensity detection devices.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the solar particle heat absorption device, the particle third flow control valve 6 controls the particle flow rate flowing into the second-stage particle heat absorber.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the solar particle heat absorber, the second-stage particle heat absorber includes a conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17, and the edge of the particle distribution device 8 close to the surface of the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17 is serrated to increase the heat absorption area of the particles on the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17. The particle distribution device 8 controls the distance between itself and the surface of the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17 through the particle distribution device driving device 15 to adjust the thickness of the particles on the surface of the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the solar particle heat absorption device, the second particle storage box 9 releases cold particles into the particle mixing box 5 through the fourth particle flow control valve 10 to adjust the temperature of the particles entering the second-stage particle heat absorber. A particle mixer 13 is provided in the mixing box 5 to make the temperature of the particles in the mixing box 5 uniform.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the solar particle heat absorption device, the second-stage particle heat absorber includes a turntable-type particle second heat absorber 21 with a horizontal turntable, a support frame 22 extending from the center of the turntable-type particle second heat absorber 21, a particle recovery system bracket 23 fixed on the support frame 22, and a particle recovery system baffle 24 fixed on the particle recovery system bracket 23. The particles from the first-stage particle heat absorber are spread onto the surface of the horizontal turntable and rotate with the horizontal turntable, and are directly heated by the reflected light from the particle first heat absorber 3. The heated particles are collected in the circular hole in the center of the horizontal turntable, and the particles flow into the particle third storage box 18 under the action of gravity.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the solar particle heat absorption device, four first-stage particle heat absorbers and four particle recovery system baffles 24 are arranged in an equiangular circular array. The four first-stage particle heat absorbers respectively receive solar beams from the four heliostat fields 25, and reflect part of the solar beams to the surface of the turntable particle second heat absorber 21 through the light reflection module 27. The heated particles are collected into the particle third storage box 18 through the particle recovery system baffle 24.

[0035] The heat absorption method of the solar particle heat absorption device includes: The layout area distribution of the light absorption module 26 and the light reflection module 27 on the light receiving surface of the first heat absorber 3 of the particles is set according to the monthly average irradiation intensity and the particle use temperature. According to the radiation intensity received by the first-stage particle heat absorber and the particle temperature in the first particle heat absorber 3, the opening of the first particle flow control valve 2 and the second particle flow control valve 4 are adjusted to realize the particle temperature control in the first particle heat absorber 3. According to the radiation intensity received by the second-stage particle heat absorber and the particle temperature in the second-stage particle heat absorber, the opening of the particle third flow control valve 6 and the particle fourth flow control valve 10 are adjusted, the particle thickness on the surface of the second-stage particle heat absorber is adjusted through the particle distribution device 8, and the particle temperature control is achieved by adjusting the movement speed of the second-stage particle heat absorber.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the heat absorption method, when the second-stage particle heat absorber includes a conveyor-type particle second heat absorber 17, the particle movement speed is adjusted by adjusting the conveyor belt speed of the conveyor-type particle second heat absorber 17, thereby realizing the temperature control of the particles in the conveyor-type particle second heat absorber 17; when the second-stage particle heat absorber includes a turntable-type particle second heat absorber 21, the particle movement speed is adjusted by adjusting the turntable speed of the turntable-type particle second heat absorber 21, thereby realizing the temperature control of the particles in the turntable-type particle second heat absorber 21.

[0037] In one embodiment, a solar particle heat absorption device is a conveyor belt type two-stage particle heat absorption device, which includes a first-stage particle heat absorber, a second-stage particle heat absorber and a particle third storage box 18. The first-stage particle heat absorber is located above the second-stage particle heat absorber. The particles are first heated indirectly in the first-stage particle heat absorber, then flow into the second-stage particle heat absorber to be directly heated, and finally flow into the third particle storage box 18. The first-stage particle heat absorber is provided with a first particle storage box 1, a first particle flow control valve 2, a first particle heat absorber 3, a second particle flow control valve 4, a particle mixing box 5, a third particle flow control valve 6, a particle discharge port 7, and a particle distribution device 8 in sequence along the gravity direction. The openings of the first particle flow control valve 2, the second particle flow control valve 4 and the third particle flow control valve 6 are controlled by the first particle flow control valve driving device 11, the second particle flow control valve driving device 12 and the third particle flow control valve driving device 14 respectively, thereby controlling the particle flow rate. The first particle flow control valve 2 and the second particle flow control valve 4 control the speed and flow of particles entering the first particle heat absorber 3. The particles flow in the first-stage particle heat absorber 3 by gravity. After flowing out of the first particle heat absorber 3, the particles flow into the particle mixing box 5 through the second particle flow control valve 4. The particle third flow control valve 6 controls the particle flow into the second-stage particle heat absorber. The second-stage particle heat absorber is a conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17, The conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17 includes a high temperature resistant horizontal particle conveyor belt, which horizontally transports the particles from the particle mixing box 5 to the particle third storage box 18. The particle distribution device 8 arranges the particles flowing out of the particle mixing box 5 on the surface of the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17. The particles move on the surface of the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17 and are directly heated by the reflected light from the particle first heat absorber 3. The first particle heat absorber 3 is a high-temperature resistant box with four sides sealed. Its light-receiving surface is provided with a light absorption module 26 and a light reflection module 27. The light absorption module 26 absorbs the solar beam from the heliostat field 25 and heats the particles in the first particle heat absorber 3. The light reflection module reflects the light beam from the heliostat field 25 to the surface of the conveyor-type second particle heat absorber 17. The edge of the particle distribution device 8 close to the surface of the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17 is serrated, so that the particles are distributed in a serrated manner on the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17 to increase the heat absorption area of the particles on the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17. The particle distribution device 8 is controlled by the particle distribution device driving device 15 to adjust the particle thickness on the surface of the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17. The light absorption module 26 and the light reflection module 27 are respectively composed of high-temperature resistant materials with low and high reflectivity, and are both tightly fitted with the particle first heat absorber 3. The distribution area of the light absorption module 26 and the light reflection module 27 on the light receiving surface of the particle first heat absorber 3 is set according to the heat absorption power of the particle first heat absorber 3 and the conveyor-type particle second heat absorber 17. The distribution mode can be strip distribution or block distribution, such as Figure 7 shown.

[0038] The second granule storage box 9 releases cold granules into the granule mixing box 5 through the fourth granule flow control valve 10 to adjust the temperature of the granules entering the conveyor-type granule second heat absorber 17. The fourth granule flow control valve 10 is controlled by the fourth granule flow control valve driving device 16 to control its opening, thereby controlling the granule flow rate. A granule mixer 13 is provided in the mixing box 5 to make the granule temperature in the mixing box 5 uniform. The first particle heat absorber 3, the particle mixing box 5, the second particle storage box 9, the conveyor-type particle second heat absorber 17 and the particle third storage box 18 are all provided with a temperature detection device, and the first-stage particle heat absorber and the second-stage particle heat absorber are provided with a radiation intensity detection device; A particle heating method using the above-mentioned solar particle heat absorption device includes: The layout area distribution of the light absorption module 26 and the light reflection module 27 on the light receiving surface of the first heat absorber 3 of the particles is set according to the monthly average irradiation intensity and the particle use temperature. According to the radiation intensity received by the first-stage particle heat absorber and the particle temperature in the first particle heat absorber 3, the opening of the first particle flow control valve 2 and the second particle flow control valve 4 are adjusted to realize the particle temperature control in the first particle heat absorber 3. According to the radiation intensity received by the second-stage particle heat absorber and the particle temperature in the conveyor-belt particle second heat absorber 17, the particle temperature in the conveyor-belt particle second heat absorber 17 can be adjusted by the following methods: adjusting the opening of the particle third flow control valve 6 and the particle fourth flow control valve 10, adjusting the particle thickness on the surface of the conveyor-belt particle second heat absorber 17 through the particle distribution device 8, and adjusting the particle moving speed by adjusting the conveyor belt speed of the conveyor-belt particle second heat absorber 17; like Figures 4 to 6 As shown, a solar particle heat absorption device is a rotary disk type two-stage particle heat absorption device, which includes a first-stage particle heat absorber, a second-stage particle heat absorber and a particle third storage box 18. The first-stage particle heat absorber is located above the second-stage particle heat absorber. The particles are first heated indirectly in the first-stage particle heat absorber, then flow into the second-stage particle heat absorber to be directly heated, and finally flow into the third particle storage box 18. The first-stage particle heat absorber is provided with a first particle storage box 1, a first particle flow control valve 2, a first particle heat absorber 3, a second particle flow control valve 4, a particle mixing box 5, a particle conveying device 19, a particle discharge port 7, and a particle distribution device 8 in sequence along the gravity direction. The first particle flow control valve 2, the second particle flow control valve 4 and the particle conveying device 19 are respectively controlled by the first particle flow control valve driving device 11, the second particle flow control valve driving device 12 and the particle conveying device driving device 20 to control the particle flow rate. The first particle flow control valve 2 and the second particle flow control valve 4 control the speed and flow of particles entering the first particle heat absorber 3. The particles flow in the first-stage particle heat absorber 3 by gravity. After flowing out of the first particle heat absorber 3, the particles flow into the particle mixing box 5 through the second particle flow control valve 4. The particle conveying device 19 controls the particle flow rate flowing into the second-stage particle heat absorber. The second-stage particle heat absorber is characterized in that it includes a turntable particle second heat absorber 21, a support frame 22, a particle recovery system bracket 23 and a particle recovery system baffle 24, The turntable type particle second heat absorber 21 comprises a high temperature resistant horizontal turntable. The particles from the particle mixing box 5 are spread onto the surface of the horizontal turntable through the particle spreading device 8 and rotate with the horizontal turntable. The particles are directly heated by the reflected light from the particle first heat absorber 3. The second-stage particle heat absorber is characterized in that the particle recovery system bracket 23 is fixed to the support frame 22, and the particle recovery system baffle 24 is fixed to the particle recovery system bracket 23. The particle recovery system baffle 24 collects the particles heated on the surface of the horizontal turntable into the circular hole in the center of the horizontal turntable. The particles flow into the third particle storage box 18 under the action of gravity. The second turntable particle heat absorber 21 includes a high-temperature resistant horizontal particle conveyor belt, which horizontally transports the particles from the particle mixing box 5 to the third particle storage box 18. The particle distribution device 8 arranges the particles flowing out of the particle mixing box 5 on the surface of the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17. The particles move on the surface of the conveyor belt type particle second heat absorber 17 and are directly heated by the reflected light from the particle first heat absorber 3. The first particle heat absorber 3 is a high-temperature resistant box with four sides sealed. Its light-receiving surface is provided with a light absorption module 26 and a light reflection module 27. The light absorption module 26 absorbs the solar beam from the heliostat field 25 and heats the particles in the first particle heat absorber 3. The light reflection module reflects the light beam from the heliostat field 25 to the surface of the conveyor-type second particle heat absorber 17. The edge of the particle distribution device 8 close to the surface of the second heat absorber 21 of the turntable type particle is serrated, so that the particles are distributed in a serrated manner on the second heat absorber 21 of the turntable type particle, so as to increase the heat absorption area of the particles on the second heat absorber 21 of the turntable type particle. The particle distribution device 8 is controlled by the particle distribution device driving device 15 to control the distance between the particle distribution device 8 and the surface of the second heat absorber 21 of the turntable type particle, so as to adjust the particle thickness on the surface of the second heat absorber 21 of the turntable type particle. The light absorption module 26 and the light reflection module 27 are respectively composed of high-temperature resistant materials with low and high reflectivity, and are both tightly fitted with the particle first heat absorber 3. The distribution area of the light absorption module 26 and the light reflection module 27 on the light receiving surface of the particle first heat absorber 3 is set according to the heat absorption power of the particle first heat absorber 3 and the turntable particle second heat absorber 21, and the distribution mode can be strip distribution or block distribution, such as Figure 7 As shown, The second granule storage box 9 releases cold granules into the granule mixing box 5 through the fourth granule flow control valve 10 to adjust the temperature of the granules entering the second rotary disc granule heat absorber 21. The fourth granule flow control valve 10 is controlled by the fourth granule flow control valve driving device 16 to control its opening, thereby controlling the granule flow rate. A granule mixer 13 is provided in the mixing box 5 to make the granule temperature in the mixing box 5 uniform. The first particle heat absorber 3, the particle mixing box 5, the second particle storage box 9, the turntable particle second heat absorber 21 and the third particle storage box 18 are all provided with a temperature detection device, and the first-stage particle heat absorber and the second-stage particle heat absorber are provided with a radiation intensity detection device; A particle heating method using the above-mentioned solar particle heat absorption device includes: The layout area distribution of the light absorption module 26 and the light reflection module 27 on the light receiving surface of the first heat absorber 3 of the particles is set according to the monthly average irradiation intensity and the particle use temperature. According to the radiation intensity received by the first-stage particle heat absorber and the particle temperature in the first particle heat absorber 3, the opening of the first particle flow control valve 2 and the second particle flow control valve 4 are adjusted to realize the particle temperature control in the first particle heat absorber 3. According to the radiation intensity received by the second-stage particle heat absorber and the particle temperature in the turntable particle second heat absorber 21, the particle temperature in the turntable particle second heat absorber 21 can be adjusted by the following methods: adjusting the opening of the particle fourth flow control valve 10 and the particle flow of the particle conveying device 19, adjusting the particle thickness on the surface of the turntable particle second heat absorber 21 through the particle distribution device 8, and adjusting the particle movement speed by adjusting the turntable speed of the turntable particle second heat absorber 21.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of a turntable two-stage particle heat absorber, the four first-stage particle heat absorbers and the four particle recovery system baffles 24 are arranged in an equiangular circular array. The four first-stage particle heat absorbers respectively receive solar beams from the four heliostat fields 25, and reflect part of the solar beams to the surface of the turntable particle second heat absorber 21 through the light reflection module 27. The heated particles are collected into the particle third storage box 18 through the particle recovery system baffle 24. Figure 7 shown.

[0040] A solar particle heat absorber includes a first-stage particle heat absorber, a second-stage particle heat absorber and a third particle storage bin. The first-stage particle heat absorber is located above the second-stage particle heat absorber. The heliostat field 25 focuses the light beam onto the first-stage particle heat absorber to indirectly heat the particles. Part of the light beam is reflected to the second-stage particle heat absorber to directly heat the particles. The second-stage particle heat absorber is a high-temperature resistant horizontal particle conveyor belt or a high-temperature resistant horizontal particle turntable. The first-stage particle heat absorber includes a first particle heat absorber, a particle mixing box and a particle distributing device. The first particle heat absorber is a high-temperature resistant box enclosed on all sides, and its light-receiving surface is provided with a light absorption module and a light reflection module. The particle distributing device arranges the particles flowing out of the particle mixing box on the irradiation surface of the second-stage particle heat absorber, and the particles adjust the particle thickness on the irradiation surface of the second-stage particle heat absorber.

[0041] The hierarchical heating structure of the first-stage and second-stage particle heat absorbers in this invention achieves gradient heating of the particles, improving overall thermal energy utilization efficiency and reducing particle loss. The first stage utilizes indirect heating (heat transfer through the chamber walls) to ensure uniform heating of the particles; the second stage utilizes direct heating (reflected light irradiating the particle surface), improving the final temperature and heating rate. This hierarchical design helps optimize heat recovery and prevents thermal stress damage to system components caused by high-temperature particles. The integrated arrangement of a light absorption module and a light reflection module within the first-stage particle heat absorber: the light absorption module efficiently converts sunlight focused by the heliostat field into thermal energy for heating the first-stage particles; the light reflection module directionally reflects a portion of the incident light to the second-stage heat absorber, achieving energy redistribution and reuse. Working together, the two modules flexibly adjust the thermal power ratio between the various heat absorber stages to accommodate varying irradiation conditions and process requirements. Precise control of particle flow rate and flow ensures system stability and controllability, preventing localized overheating or heat loss caused by particle accumulation or uneven flow. The aperture can be dynamically adjusted based on real-time detection data, achieving closed-loop temperature control. The particle distribution device and its serrated edge design increase the effective heat absorption area of the particles on the second-stage heat absorber, improving the efficiency of light-to-heat conversion. Combined with the distribution device's drive, the particle layer thickness can be adaptively adjusted to meet heating requirements under varying light intensities. The mixing tank and particle mixer combine the hot particles from the first-stage heat absorber with the cold particles from the second storage tank, achieving temperature control and buffering. This improves the temperature consistency of the particles entering the second-stage heat absorber, preventing equipment damage due to large temperature differences, and provides a stable input temperature foundation for the subsequent heating process.

[0042] Temperature and irradiance detection devices monitor the temperature and irradiance at key locations in real time, serving as feedback signals for the control system. Dynamic adjustment of parameters such as the flow control valve, conveyor / turntable speed, and fabric thickness is supported, enabling visualization and intelligent management of the system's operating status, improving safety and operational efficiency. The second-stage particle heat sink utilizes a conveyor or turntable structure, offering simple, continuous operation and suitability for large-scale industrial applications. It easily integrates with the distribution device to achieve uniform particle distribution. Adjusting the conveyor speed controls particle residence time for precise temperature control. A central collection structure facilitates centralized particle recovery. The circular array arrangement supports multi-angle illumination, improving light energy utilization, making it suitable for applications requiring rotary heating, intermittent operation, or compact layouts. Multi-directional focused light reception and reflected light are integrated for utilization. Four heat sinks receive beams from the heliostat field from four directions, enhancing the system's all-weather adaptability and stability. A baffle in the particle recovery system guides heated particles toward the central collection port, improving recovery efficiency and reducing heat loss. Optimize energy matching throughout the year; increase the area of the light-reflecting module to enhance secondary heating in high-irradiation months, and increase the area of the light-absorbing module to prioritize primary heating in low-irradiation months; improve the system's seasonal adaptability and energy efficiency. Dynamically adjust system parameters (such as valve opening, fabric thickness, and rotational speed) based on radiation intensity and pellet temperature to establish a closed-loop feedback control mechanism, enhancing system intelligence. Maintain pellet outlet temperature stability during frequent light changes or load fluctuations; reduce manual intervention, and improve automation and operational safety.

[0043] The above description has been provided for the purpose of illustration and description. Furthermore, this description is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present application to the forms disclosed herein. Although a number of example aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those skilled in the art will recognize certain variations, modifications, alterations, additions, and sub-combinations thereof.

Claims

1. A solar particle heat absorption device, characterized in that: These include, The first-stage particle heat absorber is indirectly heated in the particle heat absorber. The first-stage particle heat absorber is provided with a particle first storage box (1), a particle first flow control valve (2), a particle first heat absorber (3), a particle second flow control valve (4), a particle mixing box (5), a particle third flow control valve (6), a particle discharge port (7) and a particle distribution device (8) in sequence along the gravity direction. The particle first flow control valve (2) and the particle second flow control valve (4) control the speed and flow of particles entering the particle first heat absorber (3). The particles flow in the first-stage particle heat absorber (3) by gravity. After flowing out of the particle first heat absorber (3), the particles flow into the particle mixing box (5) through the particle second flow control valve (4). The particle first heat absorber (3) is a box body with four sides closed. The light-receiving surface thereof is provided with a light absorption module (26) and a light reflection module (27); a second-stage particle heat absorber, which is located below the first-stage particle heat absorber to receive particles flowing from the first-stage particle heat absorber and directly heat them; A heliostat field (25) that directionally reflects sunlight, a light absorption module (26) that absorbs the solar beam from the heliostat field (25) and heats the particles in the first particle heat absorber (3), and a light reflection module (27) that reflects the beam from the heliostat field (25) to the surface of the second-stage particle heat absorber; The third particle storage box (18) is located below the second-stage particle heat absorber to receive particles from the second-stage particle heat absorber.

2. The solar particle heat absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Preferably, the openings of the first particle flow control valve (2), the second particle flow control valve (4) and the third particle flow control valve (6) are controlled by the first particle flow control valve driving device (11), the second particle flow control valve driving device (12) and the third particle flow control valve driving device (14), respectively, thereby controlling the particle flow rate.

3. The solar particle heat absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first particle heat absorber (3), the particle mixing box (5), the second particle storage box (9), the second-stage particle heat absorber, and the third particle storage box (18) are all provided with temperature detection devices, and the first-stage particle heat absorber and the second-stage particle heat absorber are provided with radiation intensity detection devices.

4. The solar particle heat absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle third flow control valve (6) controls the particle flow rate flowing into the second-stage particle heat absorber.

5. The solar particle heat absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second-stage particle heat absorber includes a conveyor-type particle second heat absorber (17), and the edge of the particle distribution device (8) close to the surface of the conveyor-type particle second heat absorber (17) is serrated to increase the heat absorption area of the particles on the conveyor-type particle second heat absorber (17). The particle distribution device (8) controls the distance between itself and the surface of the conveyor-type particle second heat absorber (17) through the particle distribution device driving device (15) to adjust the particle thickness on the surface of the conveyor-type particle second heat absorber (17).

6. The solar particle heat absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second particle storage box (9) releases cold particles into the particle mixing box (5) through the fourth particle flow control valve (10) to adjust the temperature of the particles entering the second-stage particle heat absorber. A particle mixer (13) is provided in the mixing box (5) to make the temperature of the particles in the mixing box (5) uniform.

7. The solar particle heat absorption device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second-stage particle heat absorber includes a turntable-type particle second heat absorber (21) with a horizontal turntable, a support frame (22) extending from the center of the turntable-type particle second heat absorber (21), a particle recovery system bracket (23) fixed on the support frame (22), and a particle recovery system baffle (24) fixed on the particle recovery system bracket (23). The particles from the first-stage particle heat absorber are spread on the surface of the horizontal turntable and rotate with the horizontal turntable, and are directly heated by the reflected light from the particle first heat absorber (3). The heated particles are collected in the circular hole in the center of the horizontal turntable, and the particles flow into the particle third storage box (18) under the action of gravity.

8. The solar particle heat absorption device according to claim 7, characterized in that: Four first-stage particle heat absorbers and four particle recovery system baffles (24) are arranged in an equiangular circular array. The four first-stage particle heat absorbers respectively receive solar beams from the heliostat fields (25) on four sides, and reflect part of the solar beams to the surface of the turntable particle second heat absorber (21) through the light reflection module (27). The heated particles are collected into the particle third storage box (18) through the particle recovery system baffle (24).

9. The heat absorption method of the solar particle heat absorption device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: These include, The layout area distribution of the light absorption module (26) and the light reflection module (27) on the light receiving surface of the first heat absorber (3) of the particle is set according to the monthly average irradiation intensity and the particle use temperature. According to the radiation intensity received by the first-stage particle heat absorber and the particle temperature in the first particle heat absorber (3), the openings of the first particle flow control valve (2) and the second particle flow control valve (4) are adjusted to achieve particle temperature control in the first particle heat absorber (3). According to the radiation intensity received by the second-stage particle heat absorber and the particle temperature in the second-stage particle heat absorber, the opening of the particle third flow control valve (6) and the particle fourth flow control valve (10) are adjusted, the particle thickness on the surface of the second-stage particle heat absorber is adjusted through the particle distribution device (8), and the particle temperature control is achieved by adjusting the movement speed of the second-stage particle heat absorber.

10. The heat absorption method according to claim 9, wherein: When the second-stage particle heat absorber includes a conveyor-type particle second heat absorber (17), the particle movement speed is adjusted by adjusting the conveyor belt rotation speed of the conveyor-type particle second heat absorber (17), thereby realizing the temperature control of the particles in the conveyor-type particle second heat absorber (17); when the second-stage particle heat absorber includes a turntable-type particle second heat absorber (21), the particle movement speed is adjusted by adjusting the turntable rotation speed of the turntable-type particle second heat absorber (21), thereby realizing the temperature control of the particles in the turntable-type particle second heat absorber (21).

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