Probe module, mining ultrasonic anemograph and wind speed measuring method

Abstract

According to the probe module, the mining ultrasonic anemograph and the wind speed measurement method, the precision and the reliability of mine wind speed monitoring are remarkably improved through a multi-parameter fusion technology. Three pairs of probe modules are adopted for three-dimensional coverage, and weighted average and Pauta criterion turbulence treatment are combined, so that the average wind speed error of the large-section roadway is greatly reduced. The sound velocity correction model integrating the temperature and humidity, the gas concentration and the dust concentration is high in sound velocity correction precision and small in wind speed measurement error, and the limitation of single parameter compensation is broken through. Based on the average section wind speed and the manual correction coefficient, the total wind gas discharge amount calculation error is small, the actual requirement is met by combining the extraction amount data and the total gas emission amount calculation precision, and real-time and reliable data support is provided for ventilation system regulation and control and gas disaster early warning. In conclusion, the mine ventilation safety monitoring system realizes the technical span from single-point measurement to multi-parameter fusion, and the automation level and the reliability of mine ventilation safety monitoring are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to mine safety monitoring technology, in particular to a probe module, a mine ultrasonic anemometer and a wind speed measurement method. Background Art

[0002] At present, the main method of detection is to use the mining ultrasonic anemometer, which mainly measures the time difference between the wind and the headwind to estimate the wind speed. However, the underground environment is complex, and temperature, humidity, dust, gas, uneven airflow, etc. will affect the detection accuracy. For example, the traditional ultrasonic wind speed sensor is affected by temperature (the sound speed increases by 6m / s for every 10℃ increase), humidity (the sound speed deviation is ±1m / s when >90%RH), dust (>500mg / m 3 Due to the coupling effects of the presence of gases (signal attenuation of 30% when the gas concentration is high) and gas (the sound velocity decreases by 0.6 m / s at 1% concentration), existing single-parameter compensation technologies struggle to meet the current requirements for 0.15 m / s and low wind speed measurement accuracy (error ≤ ±0.1 m / s). This is detrimental to intelligent and smart transformation and mining. Therefore, achieving high-precision underground wind speed detection is a technical challenge that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a probe module, a mining ultrasonic anemometer and a wind speed measurement method, which can realize high-precision wind speed detection underground.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a probe module, comprising an ultrasonic sensor and a probe tube, wherein the ultrasonic sensor is installed in the probe tube, and a metering pump, a particulate matter sensor, and an infrared gas sensor are installed in the probe base, wherein the air inlet of the metering pump is connected to the atmosphere, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the particulate matter sensor, the outlet of the particulate matter sensor is connected to the inlet of the infrared gas sensor, and the outlet of the infrared gas sensor is connected to the side air pipe;

[0005] The probe tube is also assembled with an outer ring shell, an inner ring shell, and an air ring. The outer ring shell is installed outside the inner ring shell, and the inner ring shell is sleeved outside the probe tube. Elastic membranes are installed outside the outer ring shell and the inner ring shell. The interior of the air ring is a hollow air ring cavity, and the airflow output by the infrared gas sensor is input into the air ring cavity.

[0006] The inner side of the elastic film is fixedly assembled with the piezoelectric vibrator, the piezoelectric vibrator is installed in the piezoelectric cavity, and the piezoelectric vibrator is assembled with the diaphragm, the diaphragm is sealed and assembled with the piezoelectric cavity, and the diaphragm is elastic.

[0007] As a further improvement of the present invention, the elastic membrane is assembled and fixed to the end face of the inner ring shell through an elastic seat, the edge of the elastic membrane is sealed and assembled to the outer ring shell, and the elastic membrane is tightly attached to the end of the probe tube or the end of the ultrasonic sensor;

[0008] The piezoelectric cavity is located on the side of the diaphragm away from the piezoelectric vibrator and is connected to one end of the air channel. The air channel is provided on the inner ring shell and the other end of the air channel passes through the elastic seat. A one-way valve is installed at one end of the air channel located at the piezoelectric cavity. The flow direction of this one-way valve is from the piezoelectric cavity to the air channel; the piezoelectric cavity is connected to the air ring cavity through another one-way valve. The flow direction of this one-way valve is from the air ring cavity to the piezoelectric cavity.

[0009] The airway is sealed and slidably assembled with one end of the cannula, and the other end of the cannula is inserted into the jet platform after passing through the elastic membrane and is connected to the jet cavity. The jet platform is arranged on the elastic membrane, the jet cavity is arranged in the jet platform, and a penetrating jet hole is arranged on the side of the jet platform facing the axis of the probe tube.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present invention, the outlet of the infrared gas sensor is connected to the joint through a side air pipe, the joint is connected to one end of the first air pipe, and the other end of the first air pipe is connected to the external atmosphere; the joint is connected to the air ring cavity through a connecting pipe, and the interior of the joint is a hollow joint cavity, and a filter plate is installed in the joint cavity, and the filter plate is provided with several small through holes for filtering particles in the airflow; the length of the first air pipe is greater than the length of the connecting pipe.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, the probe tube is further assembled with a support plate, a rotating frame is mounted on the support plate and outside the outer ring shell, blades are provided on the outer wall of the rotating frame, a blowing shell and a rotating sleeve are mounted on the rotating frame, the rotating sleeve is mounted outside the air ring and sealed therewith and can be assembled to rotate relative to the circumference, an air pipe is mounted on the rotating sleeve, one end of the air pipe is connected to the air ring cavity;

[0012] The interior of the blowing shell is a hollow blowing cavity, and a penetrating blowing hole is provided on the side facing the outer ring shell, and the blowing hole is connected to the blowing cavity, and the blowing cavity is connected to the air pipe. A reflector is also provided on the blowing shell;

[0013] The inner side of the outer ring shell is a hollow outer ring shell cavity, and the side of the outer ring shell cavity facing the elastic membrane is closed by a transparent plate, and the transparent plate and the elastic membrane are in a transparent state;

[0014] An infrared sensor is installed in the outer ring shell cavity. The two infrared sensors form a pair. One infrared sensor in the same pair emits infrared rays. The infrared rays pass through the transparent plate, illuminate the reflective plate, and then reflect into the other infrared sensor.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the support plate is assembled with a probe plate, a temperature and humidity probe is installed on the probe plate, the signal of the temperature and humidity probe is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor, and the temperature and humidity sensor is installed in the probe seat;

[0016] A brush is installed on the end surface of the rotating frame facing the temperature and humidity probe, and the bristles on the brush can brush the detection end of the temperature and humidity probe.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, it further includes an adjustment plate, and the blowing shell is further provided with a slot and a screw, and the screw is assembled with a nut through a thread;

[0018] The probe base is also equipped with a card seat, a card seat groove is provided on the card seat, an elastic pressure block is installed on the card seat, the elastic pressure block is elastic, the adjustment plate can be installed in the card seat groove, and is pressed in the card seat groove by the elastic pressure block;

[0019] The adjustment plate is provided with a positioning hole and a rope hole respectively. The positioning hole can be sleeved on the outside of the screw rod, and then the nut is tightened so that the end of the adjustment plate is clamped and installed in the slot. At this time, the rope hole is coaxial with the ultrasonic sensor.

[0020] As a further improvement of the present invention, the probe module further includes a probe seat and a ball rod, wherein the probe seat is assembled and fixed with the probe tube, the ball rod is mounted on the probe seat, and a ball head and a spring ring are provided on the ball rod, the ball head is installed in the ball groove and spherically hinged therewith, the ball groove is provided in the ball seat, and the ball seat and the spring ring are respectively assembled with the two ends of the tower spring;

[0021] The ball seat is provided with a slide groove inside, and a locking block is engaged and slidably installed in the slide groove, and one end surface of the locking block is pressed tightly on the ball head; the locking block is assembled with one end of the slide rod, and the other end of the slide rod is fitted with a slide rod spring, passed through the spiral tube and assembled with the pull button, and an extrusion ring is provided on the end of the spiral tube installed in the slide groove, and the extrusion ring is pressed tightly against the slide rod spring;

[0022] The sliding rod and the screw tube can be assembled with relative axial sliding, the screw tube is installed in the screw sleeve and assembled with it through threaded engagement, the screw sleeve and the ball seat can be assembled with circumferential rotation but cannot be axially moved; the ball seat is assembled with the mounting frame, and the mounting frame is used to be assembled with an external device.

[0023] The present invention also discloses a mining ultrasonic anemometer, comprising:

[0024] The control part is connected to the probe module for obtaining the signal from the probe module;

[0025] The probe module is used to detect the direct wind speed through ultrasonic waves, and then detect the temperature, humidity, dust concentration, and gas concentration of the airflow;

[0026] Power supply, used to supply power to various electrical devices;

[0027] The control part includes:

[0028] The single chip microcomputer is respectively connected to the time measurement module, the wireless module and the driving circuit;

[0029] Wireless module, used for wireless communication with external devices, thereby wirelessly transmitting data;

[0030] A time measurement module is used to detect the transmission time of ultrasonic waves between two probe modules;

[0031] A driving circuit is used to be electrically connected to the probe module to supply power to the probe module and communicate with the probe module, thereby acquiring signals from the probe module and driving the probe module to transmit or receive ultrasonic waves;

[0032] The probe module includes:

[0033] The transmitting part is used to transmit ultrasonic waves, including a transducer and a transmitter. The driving circuit drives the transducer to operate to generate ultrasonic waves, which are then emitted through the transmitter. The transmission time is input into the time measurement module.

[0034] The receiving part is used to receive ultrasonic waves and includes a transducer and an amplifier circuit. The transducer receives the ultrasonic waves and converts them into electrical signals, which are then input into the amplifier circuit for signal amplification and then input into the time measurement module to convert them into wind speed.

[0035] Temperature and humidity module, used to detect the temperature and humidity in the air flow;

[0036] Dust module, used to detect dust concentration in the airflow;

[0037] Gas module, used to detect gas concentration in air flow;

[0038] The temperature, humidity, dust concentration, and gas concentration signals obtained by the probe module are input into the microcontroller, which then converts the compensated wind speed into the compensated wind speed.

[0039] The present invention also discloses a wind speed measurement method, comprising three pairs of probe modules, each pair comprising two probe modules, wherein the two probe modules of two pairs are staggeredly installed along the length direction of the tunnel, one high and one low; the other pair of probe modules is located in the middle of the tunnel and is respectively installed on both side walls of the tunnel; and further comprising the following steps:

[0040] S100, obtain direct wind speed, temperature, humidity, dust concentration, gas concentration

[0041] S110, the first of the two probe modules in the same pair transmits ultrasonic waves and the second receives ultrasonic waves, then the second one transmits ultrasonic waves and the first one receives ultrasonic waves, and then the direct wind speed V is converted by the time measurement module. The three pairs of probe modules respectively detect their respective direct wind speeds;

[0042] S120, using the temperature and humidity modules to detect the temperature and humidity at the corresponding locations; using the dust module to detect the dust concentration; and using the gas module to detect the gas concentration. The temperature values, humidity values, dust concentration, and gas values of the three pairs of probe modules are weighted to output temperature, humidity, dust concentration, and gas parameters for correction.

[0043] S200, wind speed correction

[0044] S210, sound speed correction, use the following formula to correct the sound speed, and then recalculate to obtain the corrected wind speed V i :

[0045]

[0046] S220, cross-sectional wind speed fusion, use the following formula to convert the end-face weighted wind speed:

[0047]

[0048] As a further improvement of the present invention, it also includes:

[0049] S230, turbulence processing

[0050] Laida criterion eliminates outliers: |V i When -μ|>0.3σ, median filtering is used;

[0051] Turbulence index σ 2 >0.5(m / s) 2 When the acquisition frequency is increased to 20Hz;

[0052] S300, gas emission calculation, mine ventilation capacity monitoring

[0053] Single channel air volume: Q i =V avg ·C·S;

[0054] Total exhaust gas volume: Once the gas concentration is detected to be above the standard, the single chip microcomputer controls the warning module to issue an alarm;

[0055] Total outflow: Q Z =Q 风排 +Q 采 , Q 采 The gas extraction volume is the real-time data of the surface gas extraction pump station, measured by flow sensors;

[0056] When Q Z >When the mine ventilation capacity is low, it is necessary to start air-increasing or intensified extraction measures;

[0057] S400, Cleaning Procedure

[0058] S410. When dust adheres to the surface of the elastic membrane, the infrared light is scattered or absorbed, and the light intensity at the receiving end is attenuated:

[0059] I=I0·e -α·d·p ;

[0060] S420, digital quantization model:

[0061] The photocurrent is converted into a digital signal by ADC:

[0062]

[0063] S430, cleaning trigger logic and process

[0064] S431, pollution level classification to determine cleanliness status

[0065] Pollution degree δ<30%, no treatment required;

[0066] Mild pollution: 30% < δ < 50%, automatically increase signal gain to compensate for attenuation;

[0067] Severe pollution: δ≥50%, triggering the piezoelectric vibrator cleaning program;

[0068] Pollution degree calculation formula:

[0069] S432, Intelligent trigger conditions

[0070] Single trigger: When δ≥50% is detected, a pollution event is recorded;

[0071] Continuous triggering: If δ≥50% is detected three times in a row, it is determined to be effective pollution and the cleaning program is started, that is, the piezoelectric vibrator is started and powered on for 1 minute each time;

[0072] S433. After cleaning, wait for 5 seconds for stabilization, re-measure the light intensity and calculate the contamination degree: if δ < 30%, the calibration is completed; if δ ≥ 30%, repeat the cleaning once. If it still fails, trigger a fault alarm.

[0073] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0074] The present invention significantly improves the accuracy and reliability of mine wind speed monitoring through multi-parameter fusion technology. Three pairs of probe modules are used for three-dimensional coverage, combined with weighted average and Laida criterion turbulence processing, to greatly reduce the average wind speed error in large-section tunnels. Full environmental parameter adaptation: The sound velocity correction model that integrates temperature, humidity, gas concentration, and dust concentration has high sound velocity correction accuracy and small wind speed measurement error, breaking through the limitations of single parameter compensation. Based on the average wind speed of the section and the manual correction coefficient, the error in the calculation of the total gas exhaust volume is small. Combined with the extraction volume data, the calculation accuracy of the total gas outflow volume meets the actual requirements, providing real-time and reliable data support for ventilation system control and gas disaster warning. In summary, the present invention has achieved a technological leap from single-point measurement to multi-parameter fusion, significantly improved the automation level and reliability of mine ventilation safety monitoring, and has important engineering application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0075] Figure 1 It is a schematic block diagram of the system structure of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of probe module 02 in lane 01;

[0077] Figure 3 This is the structural diagram of the probe module Figure 1 ;

[0078] Figure 4 This is the structural diagram of the probe module Figure 2 ;

[0079] Figure 5 This is the structural diagram of the probe module Figure 3 ;

[0080] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention located at the center plane where the axis of the probe tube 230 is located;

[0081] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention located at another center plane where the axis of the probe tube 230 is located;

[0082] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0083] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Enlarged view of point B in middle age;

[0084] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention at the center plane where the axis of the trachea 632 is located;

[0085] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention after removing the ball seat 120 and the mounting frame 110. Figure 1 ;

[0086] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention after removing the ball seat 120 and the mounting frame 110. Figure 2 ;

[0087] Figure 13 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0088] Figure 14 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0089] Figure 15 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0090] Figure 16 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention Figure 4 ;

[0091] Figure 17 This is a partial structural diagram of the present invention Figure 5 ;

[0092] Figure 18 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer ring shell 660, the inner ring shell 640, and the probe tube 230;

[0093] Figure 19 It is a schematic diagram of the inner structure of the outer ring shell 660 and the inner ring shell 640;

[0094] Figure 20 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas ring 650;

[0095] Figure 21 It is a cross-sectional view of the one-way valve 900 located at the center plane where the axis of the valve tube 910 is located. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0096] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0097] See also Figure 1 The mining ultrasonic anemometer of this embodiment includes:

[0098] The control part is connected to the probe module and the warning module for obtaining the signal of the probe module and controlling the warning module to issue warning information;

[0099] The probe module is used to detect the direct wind speed through ultrasonic waves, and then detect the temperature, humidity, dust concentration, and gas concentration of the airflow;

[0100] Warning module, used for warning reminders through sound, light, and images;

[0101] Power supply, used to power various electrical devices. The power supply can be a battery, ACDC module, etc.

[0102] The control part includes:

[0103] The single-chip microcomputer is used to send and receive analysis control instructions and perform program execution and parameter calculations; the single-chip microcomputer is respectively connected to the time measurement module, wireless module, and drive circuit;

[0104] A wireless module is used for wireless communication with external devices, thereby transmitting data wirelessly. The wireless module may adopt a LoRa module.

[0105] A time measurement module is used to detect the transmission time of ultrasonic waves between two probe modules;

[0106] The driving circuit is used to be electrically connected to the probe module to supply power to the probe module and communicate with the probe module, thereby acquiring signals from the probe module and driving the probe module to transmit or receive ultrasonic waves.

[0107] Probe module, including:

[0108] The transmitting part is used to transmit ultrasonic waves, including a transducer and a transmitter. The driving circuit drives the transducer to operate to generate ultrasonic waves, which are then emitted through the transmitter. The transmission time is input into the time measurement module.

[0109] The receiving part is used to receive ultrasonic waves and includes a transducer and an amplifier circuit. The transducer receives the ultrasonic waves and converts them into electrical signals, which are then input into the amplifier circuit for signal amplification and then into the time measurement module. The time measurement module calculates the time from transmission to reception, thereby converting the direct wind speed.

[0110] The temperature and humidity module is used to detect the temperature and humidity in the air flow. This embodiment uses the SHT35 digital temperature and humidity sensor with a measurement accuracy of ±0.1°C for temperature and ±1.5%RH for humidity.

[0111] The dust module is used to detect the dust concentration in the airflow; this embodiment uses a particle sensor for detection;

[0112] The gas module is used to detect the gas concentration in the airflow; this embodiment uses an infrared gas sensor.

[0113] The temperature, humidity, dust concentration, and gas concentration signals obtained by the probe module are input into the single-chip microcomputer, which then converts the compensated wind speed into the wind speed. The compensated wind speed is the wind speed after error compensation, which is more accurate than the direct wind speed.

[0114] See also Figure 2There are three pairs of probe modules, each with two probe modules. Two of these pairs are staggered along the length of Laneway 01 (or the return air duct), one high and one low, with spacing of 5-12 meters. That is, one probe module in a pair is near the top and one near the bottom of the laneway, and the two probe modules are located on either side of the lane. Another pair of probe modules is located in the middle of the laneway, installed on either side of the laneway wall (spacing 5-12 meters). This design allows ultrasonic waves to penetrate the laneway cross-section, resulting in more accurate detection results while reducing the effects of lane deformation and uneven airflow in large laneways.

[0115] See also Figure 3-20 The probe module includes an ultrasonic sensor 510, a probe tube 230, a probe base 220, and a ball rod 210. The ball rod 210 is mounted on the probe base 220, and is provided with a ball head 211 and a spring ring 212. The ball head 211 is installed in the ball groove 122 and is spherically hinged therewith. The ball groove 122 is provided in the ball seat 120, and the ball seat 120 and the spring ring 212 are respectively assembled with the two ends of the tower spring 190. The tower spring 190 is used to apply an elastic force to the ball rod 210 to prevent it from rotating relative to the ball seat 120. The tower spring 190 is covered with an elastic sleeve 180, and the two ends of the elastic sleeve 180 are respectively assembled with the spring ring 212 and the ball seat 120. The elastic sleeve 180 is used to protect the tower spring to prevent external foreign matter from entering and contaminating it.

[0116] The ball seat 120 is provided with a slide groove 121 inside, and a locking block 170 is engaged and slidably installed in the slide groove 121. One end surface of the locking block 170 is pressed against the ball head 211 so that the ball head 211 cannot rotate relative to the ball seat. The locking block 170 is assembled with one end of the slide rod 130, and the other end of the slide rod 130 is fitted with a slide rod spring 160, passes through the screw 140, and is assembled with the pull button 131. An extrusion ring 141 is provided on the end of the screw 140 that is inserted into the slide groove 121. The extrusion ring 141 is pressed against the slide rod spring 160, thereby applying an elastic force to the slider 170 to squeeze the ball head 211.

[0117] The slide rod 130 and the screw tube 140 can be assembled to slide axially relative to each other, and the screw tube 140 is installed in the screw sleeve 150 and assembled with it by screw thread. The screw sleeve 150 and the ball seat 120 can rotate circumferentially but cannot move axially. One end of the screw sleeve 150 passing through the ball seat 120 is assembled with the prism 151. The prism 151 is used to cooperate with a wrench to drive the screw sleeve 150 to rotate, thereby driving the screw tube 140 to move axially, so as to drive the locking block 170 to press the ball head 211 by squeezing the slide rod spring 160.

[0118] The ball seat 120 is assembled with the mounting bracket 110 , and the mounting bracket 110 is used to be assembled with an external device, such as a tunnel wall, to fix the entire probe module.

[0119] The probe base 220 is fixedly assembled with the probe tube 230. The ultrasonic sensor 510 is installed in the probe tube 230. A metering pump 573, a particulate matter sensor 572, and an infrared gas sensor 571 are installed in the probe base 220. The inlet of the metering pump 573 is connected to the atmosphere, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the particulate matter sensor 572. The outlet of the particulate matter sensor 572 is connected to the inlet of the infrared gas sensor 571, and the outlet of the infrared gas sensor 571 is connected to the side air pipe 740. The metering pump 573 is used to pump a fixed amount of gas to the particulate matter sensor 572. The airflow passes through the particulate matter sensor 572, enters the infrared gas sensor 571, and then enters the side air pipe 740, thereby detecting dust and gas concentrations.

[0120] The probe tube 230 is also assembled with the support plate 240, the outer ring shell 660, and the air ring 650. The support plate 240 is assembled with the probe plate 260. The probe plate 260 is equipped with a temperature and humidity probe 520. The signal of the temperature and humidity probe 520 is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor. The temperature and humidity sensor is installed in the probe seat 220 to detect the temperature and humidity in the air.

[0121] A rotating frame 610 is installed on the support plate 240 and outside the outer ring shell 660. Blades 611 are provided on the outer wall of the rotating frame 610. A brush 250 is installed on the end face of the rotating frame 610 facing the temperature and humidity probe 520. The bristles on the brush 250 can brush the detection end of the temperature and humidity probe 520 to prevent debris from falling on the detection end and interfering with the detection results.

[0122] The rotating frame 610 is equipped with a blowing shell 620 and a rotating sleeve 630. The rotating sleeve 630 is installed outside the air ring 650 and is sealed with it and can be assembled to rotate relative to the air ring 650. The interior of the air ring 650 is a hollow air ring cavity 651. The rotating sleeve 630 is equipped with an air pipe 632, and one end of the air pipe 632 is connected to the air ring cavity 651.

[0123] The blowing shell 620 has a hollow blowing cavity 625 inside and a penetrating blowing hole 624 on the side facing the outer ring shell 660. The blowing hole 624 is connected to the blowing cavity 625, and the blowing cavity 625 is connected to the air pipe 632. The blowing shell 620 is also provided with a slot 621, a screw 622, and a reflector 623. The screw 622 is screwed together with a nut 626 through a thread.

[0124] An inner ring shell 640 is mounted inside the outer ring shell 660. The inner ring shell 640 is fitted over the probe tube 230. The end faces of the outer ring shell 660 and the inner ring shell 640 are respectively assembled with the elastic membrane 550. Specifically, the elastic membrane 550 is assembled and fixed to the end face of the inner ring shell 640 via an elastic seat 551. The edge of the elastic membrane 550 is sealed against the outer ring shell 660, and the elastic membrane 550 is tightly attached to the end of the probe tube 230 or the end of the ultrasonic sensor 510, thereby reducing the impact on the ultrasonic waves.

[0125] The inner side of the outer ring shell 660 is a hollow outer ring shell cavity 661. The side of the outer ring shell cavity 661 facing the elastic membrane 550 is sealed by a transparent plate 560. The transparent plate 560 and the elastic membrane 550 are transparent. An infrared sensor 580 is mounted within the outer ring shell cavity 661. These infrared sensors 580 form a pair, with one sensor emitting infrared light. The infrared light passes through the transparent plate 560, strikes the reflective plate 623, and then reflects into the other infrared sensor. If debris obstructs the elastic membrane 550, it will cause a noticeable change in the emitted and received infrared light, such as attenuation. This change can be used to determine whether the elastic membrane 550 needs cleaning.

[0126] The inner side of the elastic membrane 550 is fixedly mounted to the piezoelectric vibrator 530, which is installed in the piezoelectric cavity 641. The piezoelectric vibrator 530 is also assembled with the diaphragm 540, which is sealed and elastic. When the piezoelectric vibrator 530 is energized, it generates high-frequency vibrations, which in turn drives the elastic membrane 550 and diaphragm 540 to vibrate. The vibration of the elastic membrane 550 shakes off debris (such as dust) on its surface, thus cleaning it.

[0127] The piezoelectric cavity 641 is located on the side of the diaphragm 540 away from the piezoelectric vibrator 530 and is connected to one end of the air channel 642. The air channel 642 is provided on the inner ring shell 640, and the other end of the air channel 642 passes through the elastic seat 551. A one-way valve 900 is installed at one end of the air channel 642 located in the piezoelectric cavity 641. The flow direction of this one-way valve is from the piezoelectric cavity 641 to the air channel 642. The piezoelectric cavity 641 is connected to the air ring cavity 651 through another one-way valve 900. The flow direction of this one-way valve 900 is from the air ring cavity 651 to the piezoelectric cavity 641. The elastic seat 551 constrains the elastic membrane 550, allowing the elastic membrane to vibrate but not shifting with the probe tube 230, thereby avoiding significant interference with the ultrasonic wave.

[0128] The airway 642 is sealed and slidably assembled with one end of the cannula 820. The other end of the cannula 820 passes through the elastic membrane 550, is installed in the jet platform 810, and is connected to the jet cavity 811. The jet platform 810 is mounted on the elastic membrane 550, and the jet cavity 811 is mounted within the jet platform 810. The jet platform 810 is provided with a penetrating jet hole 812 on the side of the jet platform 810 facing the axis of the probe tube 230. When the diaphragm 540 vibrates, it continuously moves up and down within the piezoelectric cavity 641, forming a piezoelectric pump. This pumps the gas within the air ring cavity 651 into the piezoelectric cavity 641, where it is then pressed into the airway 642. The gas enters the jet platform 810 and is then blown through the jet hole onto the elastic membrane 550 corresponding to the end of the probe tube 230, thereby clearing debris from this portion of the elastic membrane and reducing interference with the ultrasonic wave.

[0129] See also Figure 9 、 Figure 21 The one-way valve 900 includes a valve tube 910 and a valve disc 920. The valve tube 910 defines a hollow valve tube cavity 912, within which a valve seat 930 is mounted. The valve seat 930 is provided with a penetrating valve seat hole 931. The valve seat 930 is assembled with a valve disc stem 921 of the valve disc 920. The valve disc 920 is elastic and presses against the valve seat 930 to seal the valve seat hole 931. During use, the valve tube cavity 912 on one side of the valve disc 920 generates negative suction pressure, opening the valve disc 920 and allowing airflow to pass through the valve seat hole 931 and enter the valve tube cavity 912.

[0130] See also Figure 8 The outlet of the infrared gas sensor 571 is connected to the joint 720 through the side air pipe 740, the joint 720 is connected to one end of the first air pipe 710, and the other end of the first air pipe 710 is connected to the external atmosphere; the joint 720 is connected to the air ring cavity 651 through the connecting pipe 730, and the interior of the joint 720 is a hollow joint cavity 721, and a filter plate 750 is installed in the joint cavity 721. The filter plate 750 is provided with several small through holes for filtering particles in the air flow.

[0131] The length of the first air pipe 710 is greater than that of the connecting pipe 730. Preferably, the length of the first air pipe 710 is at least twice that of the connecting pipe 730. This design allows the airflow from the side air pipe 740 to quickly enter the air ring cavity 651 after being input into the joint cavity 721. According to Bernoulli's principle, this will generate a suction force on the connecting pipe 730, thereby increasing the amount of air entering the air ring cavity 651. Once the airflow of the side air pipe 740 is too large, part of the airflow will be discharged from the connecting pipe 730. This design is mainly to ensure that sufficient airflow is input into the air ring cavity 651. The particles filtered by the filter plate 750 will fall due to airflow disturbance and gravity, thereby improving the self-cleaning ability of the filter plate 750.

[0132] During operation, airflow within the tunnel or return air duct drives the rotating frame 610 through the blades, thereby driving the air holes 624 to rotate along the elastic membrane 550 to effectively clean the elastic membrane 550 and simultaneously drive the brush 250 to clean the temperature and humidity probe 520. Once the infrared sensor detects that the elastic membrane needs cleaning, the piezoelectric vibrator 530 is activated, causing the elastic membrane 550 to shake off debris. Simultaneously, the air holes 812 blow air toward the corresponding elastic membrane 550 to better clean the elastic membrane 550 corresponding to the ultrasonic sensor, thereby ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0133] Preferably, a socket 410 is also installed on the probe seat 220, a socket groove 411 is provided on the socket 410, an elastic pressure block 420 is installed on the socket 410, the elastic pressure block 420 is elastic, the adjustment plate 300 can be installed in the socket groove 411, and is pressed in the socket groove 411 by the elastic pressure block 420.

[0134] The adjustment plate 300 is provided with a positioning hole 301 and a rope hole 302. The positioning hole 301 can be fitted onto the outside of the screw rod 622, and then the nut 626 is tightened, so that the end of the adjustment plate 300 is clamped and installed in the slot 621. At this time, the rope hole 302 is coaxial with the ultrasonic sensor 510. During use, the two adjustment plates 300 of the same pair of probe modules are installed, and then the two ends of the rope are respectively assembled with the rope holes 302. The slider 170 and the ball head 211 are then loosened. By tightening the rope, the ultrasonic sensors 510 of the two probe modules are quickly aligned. The nut 150 is then tightened so that the slider is pressed against the ball head, and the rope is removed. This method greatly facilitates the rapid installation and debugging of the probe modules. Moreover, after use, the adjustment plate 300 can be clamped in the base slot 411 to prevent loss, making it very convenient to use.

[0135] Combine Figure 1 The wind speed measurement method of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0136] S100, obtain direct wind speed, temperature, humidity, dust concentration, gas concentration

[0137] S110: The first probe module in a pair transmits ultrasonic waves, while the second probe module receives them. The system then switches to the second probe module, with the first probe module receiving the ultrasonic waves. The time measurement module then converts the direct wind speed V into the direct wind speed. The three pairs of probe modules each detect their own direct wind speed. This is existing technology and can be directly adopted.

[0138] S120. Use the temperature and humidity modules to detect the temperature and humidity at the corresponding locations; the dust module to detect dust concentration; and the gas module to detect gas or combustible gas concentration to obtain a gas concentration value. The temperature, humidity, dust concentration, and gas concentration values of the three pairs of probe modules are averaged to obtain the average temperature, average humidity, average dust concentration, and average gas for use in correcting the wind speed. The temperature, humidity, dust concentration, and gas concentration values detected by the three pairs of probe modules can be processed based on actual conditions to obtain the final corrected temperature, humidity, dust concentration, and gas parameters, as long as this improves detection accuracy.

[0139] S200, wind speed correction

[0140] S210, sound speed correction, use the following formula to correct the sound speed, and then recalculate to obtain the corrected wind speed V i :

[0141]

[0142] in:

[0143] c: Actual sound velocity after correction (unit: m / s); the reference value 331.45 is the sound velocity of dry air at 0°C and standard atmospheric pressure;

[0144] T: ambient temperature (unit: °C), 273.15 is the thermodynamic temperature conversion constant;

[0145] RH: Relative humidity (dimensionless, range 0-1). Example: 50% RH corresponds to RH = 0.5. Source: Measured in real time by the SHT30 temperature and humidity sensor.

[0146] P w (T): Saturated water vapor pressure at temperature T (unit: kPa) Calculation formula:

[0147] (Simplified version of Antoine's equation) Explanation: Saturated water vapor pressure increases exponentially with increasing temperature;

[0148] P: atmospheric pressure (unit: kPa) Default value: 101.3kPa (standard atmospheric pressure) Extended application: can be integrated with air pressure sensor for real-time measurement to improve accuracy;

[0149] G: gas concentration (methane CH4 volume percentage, dimensionless), 0.002 is the gas attenuation coefficient for sound velocity (the sound velocity decreases by 0.2% for every 1% concentration);

[0150] 0.31: Water vapor correction coefficient (experimental calibration value) Physical meaning: reflects the weight of the influence of water vapor on the speed of sound;

[0151] τ: Dust concentration (0-01%). The SFH4545 transmitting tube (940nm) and the SFH203PFA receiving tube are installed 5mm in front of the transducer at a 45° angle. The dust concentration is calculated by the change in signal amplitude:

[0152]

[0153] A m0 For the cleanliness benchmark amplitude, the equipment is first started up and measured in a standard laboratory environment (temperature 20°C, humidity 60% RH, no dust);

[0154] A AGC The automatic gain control (AGC) circuit adjusts the gain to maintain a stable signal amplitude. It uses the PGA207 programmable gain amplifier with a gain range of 20dB-40dB. This amplifier is dynamically adjusted in real time to ensure the signal amplitude is within the ADC sampling range (0-3.3V).

[0155] h(V) is the wind speed compensation function, and its mathematical expression is:

[0156]

[0157] k is an empirical coefficient (usually 0.05), which is related to the transducer structure; V is the real-time wind speed (m / s); c is the speed of sound (m / s), which is calculated by correcting the model using environmental parameters.

[0158] A m The amplitude of the ultrasonic signal received in real time is the actual amplitude value (mV) of the ultrasonic signal received at the current moment.

[0159] S220, cross-sectional wind speed fusion, use the following formula to convert the end-face weighted wind speed:

[0160]

[0161] Where V i is the corrected wind speed of the i-th pair of probe modules; S i =W·h i , represents the cross-sectional area of the i-th pair of probe modules stacked in the tunnel, W is the tunnel width, h i The height interval between two probe modules in the same pair.

[0162] S230, turbulence processing

[0163] Laida criterion eliminates outliers: |V i When -μ|>0.3σ, median filtering is performed; μ is the average wind speed of the pair of probe modules in the corresponding time period (e.g., 5 seconds).

[0164] Turbulence index σ 2>0.5(m / s) 2 When the acquisition frequency is increased to 20Hz.

[0165] S300, gas emission calculation, mine ventilation capacity monitoring

[0166] Single channel air volume: Q i =V avg C·S, (C is the manual calibration correction factor, usually between 0.9-1.1; S is the cross-sectional area);

[0167] Total exhaust gas volume: T i is the gas concentration in the i-th lane; n is the total number of return air lanes in the mine; once the gas concentration is detected to exceed the standard, the single chip microcomputer controls the warning module to issue an alarm, and the warning module can be an audible and visual alarm.

[0168] Total outflow: Q Z =Q 风排 +Q 采 , Q 采 It is the gas extraction volume, real-time data of the ground gas extraction pump station, measured by flow sensors (such as vortex flowmeters).

[0169] When Q Z >When the mine ventilation capacity is exceeded, it is necessary to start air-increasing or intensified extraction measures.

[0170] S400, Cleaning Procedure

[0171] S410. When dust adheres to the surface of the elastic membrane, the infrared light is scattered or absorbed, and the light intensity at the receiving end is attenuated:

[0172] I=I0·e -α·d·p

[0173] in:

[0174] I0: Light intensity in clean state (μA), α: Dust absorption coefficient (0.02mm for coal mine dust) 2 / mg),

[0175] d: Dust layer thickness (mm), p: Dust concentration (mg / m 3 ).

[0176] S420, digital quantization model:

[0177] The photocurrent is converted into a digital signal by ADC (ADS1115, 16 bits):

[0178]

[0179] in:

[0180] R f: Feedback resistor (10kΩ), G: Amplifier gain (adjustable, default 10 times).

[0181] S430, cleaning trigger logic and process

[0182] S431, pollution level classification to determine cleanliness status

[0183] Pollution degree δ<30%, no treatment required;

[0184] Mild pollution: 30% < δ < 50%, automatically increase signal gain to compensate for attenuation;

[0185] Severe contamination: δ ≥ 50%, triggering the piezoelectric vibrator cleaning procedure.

[0186] Pollution degree calculation formula:

[0187] S432, Intelligent trigger conditions

[0188] Single trigger: When δ≥50% is detected, a pollution event is recorded;

[0189] Continuous triggering: If δ≥50% is detected three times in a row (interval ≤1 minute), it is determined to be effective pollution and the cleaning program is started, that is, the piezoelectric vibrator is started and powered on for 1 minute each time. At this time, the metering pump can increase the suction volume.

[0190] S433. After cleaning, wait for 5 seconds for stabilization, re-measure the light intensity and calculate the contamination degree: if δ < 30%, the calibration is completed; if δ ≥ 30%, repeat the cleaning once. If it still fails, trigger a fault alarm.

[0191] S440, automatic calibration and exception handling

[0192] S441, calibration after cleaning

[0193] Sampling rules: After cleaning is completed, collect light intensity data 10 times continuously and take the average value as the new benchmark value I′0;

[0194] Calibration criteria: I′0 current light intensity (μA);

[0195] If the rate of change is ≤5%, update the reference value I0=I′0;

[0196] If the change rate is >5%, it is determined that the cleaning is not thorough and secondary cleaning is initiated.

[0197] S442, Exception handling strategy

[0198] Secondary cleaning: If the first cleaning fails, extend the vibration time to 20 seconds and increase the jet pressure to 8m / s;

[0199] Fault alarm: If cleaning fails for three consecutive times (change rate > 15%), a fault code will be sent and the system will switch to the backup sensor channel.

[0200] Actual test

[0201] 1. Test environment and equipment

[0202] 1. Test tunnel parameters

[0203] Length: 0.2m; Sectional dimensions: width × height = 5m × 4m (rectangular section); Tunnel type: mining tunnel;

[0204] Gas emission characteristics: stable emission type, gas concentration 0.5%-1.2%;

[0205] 2. Test equipment

[0206] Device Name model Technical Parameters quantity Sensor of the present invention Three-dimensional array layout, multi-parameter compensation 3 units Traditional single point sensor Mainstream models in the market Single point measurement, temperature compensation only 3 units Standard anemometer Testo425 Accuracy ±0.03m / s, measuring range 0.1-20m / s 1 unit Infrared gas sensor ClairairS509 <![CDATA[Accuracy ±0.01% CH4, response time < 15 s]]> 1 unit Particle Matter Sensor SDS1009-PQ <![CDATA[Measurement range 0.001 - 150 mg / m 3 > 1 unit

[0207] 2. Experimental Plan

[0208] 1. Comparison of wind speed measurement accuracy

[0209] Test point arrangement: 9 test points are evenly arranged in the tunnel section (3×3 grid);

[0210] Test conditions:

[0211] Wind speed range: 0.5m / s-8m / s (covering the common wind speed range in coal mines);

[0212] Dust concentration: divided into three levels (clean: <50mg / m 3 Moderate: 50-200 mg / m 3 , high dust:>200 / m 3 );

[0213] Data collection: data is recorded every 5 seconds, and each working condition lasts for 30 minutes;

[0214] 2. Comparison of gas emission calculations

[0215] Test method: Use a standard gas detector to measure gas concentration at multiple points in the tunnel, combine wind speed data to calculate the actual gas outflow rate, and compare the results with those of the two sensors;

[0216] Test conditions:

[0217] Normal production (wind speed 2-4m / s, gas concentration 0.5%-0.8%)

[0218] Blasting operations (wind speed 4-6m / s, gas concentration 0.8%-1.2%)

[0219] Equipment maintenance (wind speed 1-2m / s, gas concentration 0.3%-0.5%)

[0220] 3. Comparison of equipment maintenance cycles

[0221] Test method: Run the two sensors for 90 consecutive days, recording the number of failures and cleaning and maintenance requirements.

[0222] Fault judgment criteria: wind speed measurement error > ±10%, self-cleaning is invalid; communication interruption duration > 5 minutes.

[0223] 3. Test results and analysis

[0224] 1. Comparison of wind speed measurement accuracy

[0225]

[0226] Key findings: The measurement error of the technology of the present invention is significantly lower than that of traditional technology under all wind speed and dust conditions. In the high dust environment with wind speed of 4-8m / s, the error of the technology of the present invention is only 28.5% of that of traditional technology.

[0227] 2. Comparison of gas emission calculations

[0228] Working condition type <![CDATA[True gas emission rate (m 3 / min)]]> Error of the present invention (%) Traditional technology error (%) Error improvement rate Normal production 25.6 ±5.2 ±18.7 72.2％ Blasting operations 42.8 ±6.3 ±21.5 70.7％ Equipment maintenance 12.4 ±4.8 ±16.9 71.6％

[0229] Key findings: The gas emission measurement error of the technology of the present invention under different working conditions is less than ±7%. When the error exceeds ±15%, the error improvement rate of the technology of the present invention remains above 70% under highly dynamic working conditions such as blasting operations.

[0230] 3. Comparison of equipment maintenance cycles

[0231]

[0232]

[0233] Key findings:

[0234] The self-cleaning function extends the maintenance period of the sensor of the present invention by 7.5 times;

[0235] The three-dimensional array layout and redundant design eliminate the risk of single point failure, and the number of failures is zero;

[0236] During 90 days of continuous operation, the data efficiency of the sensor of the present invention is 7.5 percentage points higher than that of the conventional technology.

[0237] 4. Summary of Technical Advantages

[0238] Through a three-dimensional array layout, a multi-parameter compensation algorithm, and self-cleaning technology, this technology significantly surpasses traditional single-point measurement techniques in terms of wind speed measurement accuracy, gas emission calculation accuracy, and equipment reliability. Especially in the high-dust, high-dynamic environment of underground coal mines, the error improvement rate of this technology exceeds 70%, and the maintenance cycle is extended by more than 7 times, providing a more reliable technical guarantee for mine ventilation safety.

Claims

1. Probe module, characterized in that, It includes an ultrasonic sensor and a probe tube. The ultrasonic sensor is installed in the probe tube. A metering pump, a particulate matter sensor, and an infrared gas sensor are installed in the probe base. The air inlet of the metering pump is connected to the atmosphere, and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the particulate matter sensor. The outlet of the particulate matter sensor is connected to the inlet of the infrared gas sensor, and the outlet of the infrared gas sensor is connected to the side air pipe. The probe tube is also assembled with an outer ring shell, an inner ring shell, and an air ring. The outer ring shell is installed outside the inner ring shell, and the inner ring shell is sleeved outside the probe tube. Elastic membranes are installed outside the outer ring shell and the inner ring shell. The interior of the air ring is a hollow air ring cavity, and the airflow output by the infrared gas sensor is input into the air ring cavity. The inner side of the elastic film is fixedly assembled with the piezoelectric vibrator, the piezoelectric vibrator is installed in the piezoelectric cavity, and the piezoelectric vibrator is assembled with the diaphragm, the diaphragm is sealed and assembled with the piezoelectric cavity, and the diaphragm is elastic.

2. The probe module according to claim 1, wherein: The elastic membrane is assembled and fixed to the end face of the inner ring shell through the elastic seat, the edge of the elastic membrane is sealed and assembled to the outer ring shell, and the elastic membrane is tightly attached to the end of the probe tube or the end of the ultrasonic sensor; The piezoelectric cavity is located on the side of the diaphragm away from the piezoelectric vibrator and is connected to one end of the air channel. The air channel is provided on the inner ring shell and the other end of the air channel passes through the elastic seat. A one-way valve is installed at one end of the air channel located at the piezoelectric cavity. The flow direction of this one-way valve is from the piezoelectric cavity to the air channel; the piezoelectric cavity is connected to the air ring cavity through another one-way valve. The flow direction of this one-way valve is from the air ring cavity to the piezoelectric cavity. The airway is sealed and slidably assembled with one end of the cannula, and the other end of the cannula is inserted into the jet platform after passing through the elastic membrane and is connected to the jet cavity. The jet platform is arranged on the elastic membrane, the jet cavity is arranged in the jet platform, and a penetrating jet hole is arranged on the side of the jet platform facing the axis of the probe tube.

3. The probe module according to claim 1, wherein: The outlet of the infrared gas sensor is connected to the joint through a side air pipe, the joint is connected to one end of the first air pipe, and the other end of the first air pipe is connected to the external atmosphere; the joint is connected to the air ring cavity through a connecting pipe, and the interior of the joint is a hollow joint cavity, and a filter plate is installed in the joint cavity. The filter plate is provided with several small through holes for filtering particles in the airflow; the length of the first air pipe is greater than the length of the connecting pipe.

4. The probe module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The probe tube is also assembled with the support plate, and a rotating frame is installed on the support plate and outside the outer ring shell, and blades are provided on the outer wall of the rotating frame. The rotating frame is equipped with a blowing shell and a rotating sleeve, and the rotating sleeve is installed outside the air ring and sealed with it and can be assembled to rotate relative to the circumference. An air pipe is installed on the rotating sleeve, and one end of the air pipe is connected to the air ring cavity; The interior of the blowing shell is a hollow blowing cavity, and a penetrating blowing hole is provided on the side facing the outer ring shell, and the blowing hole is connected to the blowing cavity, and the blowing cavity is connected to the air pipe. A reflector is also provided on the blowing shell; The inner side of the outer ring shell is a hollow outer ring shell cavity, and the side of the outer ring shell cavity facing the elastic membrane is closed by a transparent plate, and the transparent plate and the elastic membrane are in a transparent state; An infrared sensor is installed in the outer ring shell cavity. The two infrared sensors form a pair. One infrared sensor in the same pair emits infrared rays. The infrared rays pass through the transparent plate, illuminate the reflective plate, and then reflect into the other infrared sensor.

5. The probe module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The support plate is assembled with the probe plate, a temperature and humidity probe is installed on the probe plate, the signal of the temperature and humidity probe is connected to the temperature and humidity sensor, and the temperature and humidity sensor is installed in the probe seat; A brush is installed on the end surface of the rotating frame facing the temperature and humidity probe, and the bristles on the brush can brush the detection end of the temperature and humidity probe.

6. The probe module according to claim 4, wherein: It also includes an adjustment plate, and the blowing shell is also provided with a slot and a screw, and the screw is assembled with a nut through a thread; The probe base is also equipped with a card seat, a card seat groove is provided on the card seat, an elastic pressure block is installed on the card seat, the elastic pressure block is elastic, the adjustment plate can be installed in the card seat groove, and is pressed in the card seat groove by the elastic pressure block; The adjustment plate is provided with a positioning hole and a rope hole respectively. The positioning hole can be sleeved on the outside of the screw rod, and then the nut is tightened so that the end of the adjustment plate is clamped and installed in the slot. At this time, the rope hole is coaxial with the ultrasonic sensor.

7. The probe module according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The probe module also includes a probe seat and a ball rod. The probe seat is assembled and fixed with the probe tube. The ball rod is installed on the probe seat and is provided with a ball head and a spring ring. The ball head is installed in the ball groove and spherically hinged with it. The ball groove is provided in the ball seat, and the ball seat and the spring ring are respectively assembled with the two ends of the tower spring. The ball seat is provided with a slide groove inside, and a locking block is engaged and slidably installed in the slide groove, and one end surface of the locking block is pressed tightly on the ball head; the locking block is assembled with one end of the slide rod, and the other end of the slide rod is fitted with a slide rod spring, passed through the spiral tube and assembled with the pull button, and an extrusion ring is provided on the end of the spiral tube installed in the slide groove, and the extrusion ring is pressed tightly against the slide rod spring; The sliding rod and the screw tube can be assembled with relative axial sliding, the screw tube is installed in the screw sleeve and assembled with it through threaded engagement, the screw sleeve and the ball seat can be assembled with circumferential rotation but cannot be axially moved; the ball seat is assembled with the mounting frame, and the mounting frame is used to be assembled with an external device.

8. Mining ultrasonic anemometer, characterized by: include: The control part is connected to the probe module for obtaining the signal from the probe module; The probe module is used to detect the direct wind speed through ultrasonic waves, and then detect the temperature, humidity, dust concentration, and gas concentration of the airflow; Power supply, used to supply power to various electrical devices; The control part includes: The single chip microcomputer is respectively connected to the time measurement module, the wireless module and the driving circuit; Wireless module, used for wireless communication with external devices, thereby wirelessly transmitting data; A time measurement module is used to detect the transmission time of ultrasonic waves between two probe modules; A driving circuit is used to be electrically connected to the probe module to supply power to the probe module and communicate with the probe module, thereby acquiring signals from the probe module and driving the probe module to transmit or receive ultrasonic waves; The probe module includes: The transmitting part is used to transmit ultrasonic waves, including a transducer and a transmitter. The driving circuit drives the transducer to operate to generate ultrasonic waves, which are then emitted through the transmitter. The transmission time is input into the time measurement module. The receiving part is used to receive ultrasonic waves and includes a transducer and an amplifier circuit. The transducer receives the ultrasonic waves and converts them into electrical signals, which are then input into the amplifier circuit for signal amplification and then input into the time measurement module to convert them into wind speed. Temperature and humidity module, used to detect the temperature and humidity in the air flow; Dust module, used to detect dust concentration in the airflow; Gas module, used to detect gas concentration in air flow; The temperature, humidity, dust concentration, and gas concentration signals obtained by the probe module are input into the microcontroller, which then converts the compensated wind speed into the compensated wind speed.

9. A method for measuring wind speed, characterized in that: The method includes three pairs of probe modules, each pair including two probe modules, wherein the two probe modules of two pairs are installed alternately along the length direction of the tunnel, one high and one low; the other pair of probe modules is located in the middle of the tunnel and is installed on both side walls of the tunnel respectively; and the following steps are also included: S100, obtain direct wind speed, temperature, humidity, dust concentration, gas concentration S110, the first of the two probe modules in the same pair transmits ultrasonic waves and the second receives ultrasonic waves, then the second one transmits ultrasonic waves and the first one receives ultrasonic waves, and then the direct wind speed V is converted by the time measurement module. The three pairs of probe modules respectively detect their respective direct wind speeds; S120, using the temperature and humidity modules to detect the temperature and humidity at the corresponding locations; using the dust module to detect the dust concentration; and using the gas module to detect the gas concentration. The temperature values, humidity values, dust concentration, and gas values of the three pairs of probe modules are weighted to output temperature, humidity, dust concentration, and gas parameters for correction. S200, wind speed correction S210, sound speed correction, use the following formula to correct the sound speed, and then recalculate to obtain the corrected wind speed V i : S220, cross-sectional wind speed fusion, use the following formula to convert the end-face weighted wind speed:

10. The wind speed measurement method according to claim 9, wherein: Also includes: S400, Cleaning Procedure S410. When dust adheres to the surface of the elastic membrane, the infrared light is scattered or absorbed, and the light intensity at the receiving end is attenuated: I=I0·e -α·d·p ; S420, digital quantization model: The photocurrent is converted into a digital signal by ADC: S430, cleaning trigger logic and process S431, pollution level classification to determine cleanliness status Pollution degree δ<30%, no treatment required; Mild pollution: 30% < δ < 50%, automatically increase signal gain to compensate for attenuation; Severe pollution: δ≥50%, triggering the piezoelectric vibrator cleaning program; Pollution degree calculation formula: S432, Intelligent trigger conditions Single trigger: When δ≥50% is detected, a pollution event is recorded; Continuous triggering: If δ≥50% is detected three times in a row, it is determined to be effective pollution and the cleaning program is started, that is, the piezoelectric vibrator is started and powered on for 1 minute each time; S433. After cleaning, wait for 5 seconds for stabilization, re-measure the light intensity and calculate the contamination degree: if δ < 30%, the calibration is completed; if δ ≥ 30%, repeat the cleaning once. If it still fails, trigger a fault alarm.

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