A post-and-lintel timber structure building model and an automatic generation method of construction drawings

Abstract

The application discloses a post-and-lintel wood structure building model and an automatic generation method of construction drawings, and aims to solve the problem that the research and practice of automatically generating components of the post-and-lintel wood structure building under the premise of strictly following traditional construction rules are relatively insufficient. The building plane range of the post-and-lintel wood structure building is determined, the overall layout of the building is determined according to the building preset parameters input by a user and the building plane axis is generated, the basic support column components are generated based on the building preset parameters and the axis grid according to corresponding building specifications, the three-dimensional beam frame positioning and reference system is constructed, the roof support components, auxiliary connecting and supporting components are automatically calculated and generated, and a complete wood structure building model is formed; after the modeling and node deduction are completed, the building construction drawings and the drawings and control data for CNC processing are automatically generated; the two-dimensional development drawing is generated, and the three-dimensional processing model is synchronously exported. The application solves the above problem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to a method for automatically generating models and construction drawings of timber-framed buildings with raised beams. Background Technology

[0002] The main building of a traditional courtyard house, a typical timber-framed structure, is an important part of ancient Chinese architecture, embodying rich historical and cultural connotations and traditional construction wisdom. Its design and construction strictly adhere to ancient architectural regulations, such as the Qing Dynasty's architectural regulations. The arrangement of components, the beam frame system, and the connection points of each component all reflect rigorous craftsmanship and a unique spatial aesthetic. Traditional design methods largely rely on designers and craftsmen's personal experience for on-site surveying, hand-drawing, and fabrication. This not only results in a long design cycle but also introduces significant subjectivity and uncertainty in parameter determination and detailed construction, making it difficult to meet the production and standardization requirements of fields such as the restoration, preservation, and construction of ancient buildings.

[0003] In recent years, with the rapid development of digital technology and parametric design methods, Grasshopper, a parametric modeling tool based on the Rhino platform, has been widely used in the design optimization of modern architecture. Grasshopper offers flexible parameter control and automated generation capabilities, enabling it to quickly generate design schemes based on preset conditions, thereby significantly improving design efficiency and accuracy. However, the industry currently focuses mainly on the design and automated construction of modern buildings, while research and practice on the automatic generation of components for traditional dwellings, especially timber-framed buildings, under the premise of strictly adhering to traditional construction rules, remain relatively lacking. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a method for automatically generating models and construction drawings of timber-framed buildings with raised beams, aiming to address the problem that research and practice on the automatic generation of components in timber-framed buildings with raised beams, under the premise of strictly following traditional construction rules, are still relatively lacking.

[0005] Firstly, a method for automatically generating building models and construction drawings of timber-framed structures with raised beams is provided, which includes the following steps S1-S3.

[0006] S1. Determine the building plan of the timber-framed structure. Based on the user-inputted preset building parameters, determine the overall building layout and generate the building plan axis, forming an axis grid that conforms to the layout requirements of traditional timber-framed structures. The preset building parameters include building orientation, number of bays and depths, whether there are front and rear eaves, positioning points, and foundation column diameter. The axis grid includes a central axis, bays, depth, longitudinal axes, and transverse axes. The central axis is set based on the center of the front facade and the building orientation. The center of the front facade refers to the geometric center of the facade directly in front of the building. The bay and depth spacing is determined by the module and the foundation column diameter. Finally, a complete plan axis grid is generated, providing a basis for component positioning.

[0007] S2, based on the relevant building codes, generate basic support column components based on the building preset parameters and axis grid, wherein the column diameter of the basic support column components is the basic column diameter; based on the positioning information and relevant dimensional parameters of the basic support column components, construct a three-dimensional beam frame positioning and reference system through a parametric program, and generate three-dimensional positioning points, reference lines and component distribution schemes for the beam frame components; based on the beam frame structure layout and step frame division rules, automatically calculate and generate roof support components to ensure the natural transition of the roof curve and load transfer; based on the beam frame structure and roof support components, automatically generate auxiliary connection and support components to form a complete timber structure building model.

[0008] After completing modeling and node derivation, S3 automatically generates architectural construction drawings and drawings and control data for CNC machining. Based on the generated parametric model, it extracts the dimensions, numbers, and node position information of each component, generates a two-dimensional unfolded drawing, and automatically marks cutting lines, drilling points, and connection numbers to meet the requirements of digital machining accuracy and process. Simultaneously, it exports a three-dimensional machining model, generates a local magnified view for complex nodes, and optimizes mortise and tenon details to adapt to the corresponding machining equipment in a standard form.

[0009] Optionally, after generating a complete timber structure building model, the architectural construction drawings are automatically output. These drawings include floor plans, elevations, and sections, enabling linkage between modeling and drawing. The floor plans are generated based on bay width, depth, and column position parameters, and the positions and numbers of various components are marked. The elevations and sections are projected onto the model to show details such as taper, base plates, and mortise and tenon joints. The architectural construction drawings can be updated in real time as parameters are modified and can be exported to various computer-aided design file formats.

[0010] Optionally, step S2 in the above scheme includes the following:

[0011] The basic support column components include eaves columns and main columns. The eaves columns are located on the outside of the building and support the eaves. The main columns are located inside the building and support the beam frame structure. The eaves columns and main columns are arranged along the width direction and are automatically set with tapering and side feet. The eaves columns and main columns have the same diameter, which is the same as the basic column diameter. The height of the eaves columns is set according to the basic column diameter, and the height of the main columns is calculated by combining the roof coefficient and the step width.

[0012] The beam structure components include the head beam, five-bay beam, three-bay beam, mezzanine column, and spine.

[0013] The roof support components include beam components and purlin components. Various beam components are automatically generated based on the planar grid axis, pre-set building parameters, foundation support column components, and the beam frame structure. During generation, each beam component automatically connects with the beams and purlins to ensure structural continuity. Purlin components are automatically generated through a parametric program based on the beam frame layout and step-by-step division rules. Before generation, the elevation is calculated, and the purlin elevation is derived based on the step-by-step length and elevation coefficient to achieve Z-axis positioning and ensure a natural transition of the roof curve. The purlin diameter is derived from the foundation column diameter, with specific dimensions adjusted according to the span and load. This achieves a natural transition of the roof curve and effective load support.

[0014] The auxiliary connection and support components include: base plates, rafters, sheathing boards, and eaves; wherein, the base plates are automatically inserted according to the corresponding beam components before the purlins are generated, and the size of the base plates is determined according to the foundation column diameter, automatically aligning with adjacent components to ensure accuracy; the rafters are distributed on the purlins, and after the purlins are generated, the rafters are automatically arranged according to the roof shape and frame logic, with the direction parallel to the axis, and the number determined by the section length; the starting and ending points of the rafters are located between the top surfaces of adjacent purlins, and the inclination angle is determined by the elevation and the frame width. The degree is determined, and the cross-sectional dimensions are determined based on the diameter of the foundation columns. The sheathing is located on the rafters. After the rafters are generated, the sheathing is positioned on the upper surface of the rafters and automatically laid according to the distribution of the rafters, arranged along the roof slope to cover the entire roof. The eaves consist of flying rafters, sheathing extensions, and overhangs. After the rafters are generated, the length of the eaves is automatically calculated and generated according to the height of the eaves columns and the upward projection ratio. The slope of the eaves is adjusted according to the roof frame, and the edge details are generated according to rules to ensure the continuous and unified roof structure.

[0015] Optionally, when generating basic support column components, beam structure components, roof support components, and auxiliary connection and support components, mortise and tenon joints are automatically preset.

[0016] Optionally, step S2 in the above scheme also includes: using Grasshopper's built-in parametric design tools and rule library, and combining Qing Dynasty construction rules and Qing Dynasty engineering practice rules, to achieve accurate restoration of the shape and connection nodes of each component of the beam frame.

[0017] Optionally, in the above scheme, the generation of the axis grid includes: providing basic data for subsequent planar axis grid generation based on the user-input architectural preset parameters, including the length and width of the rectangular plan, the building orientation, and whether front and rear eaves are set; calculating the number of bays and the depth of the building based on the column diameter, the width ratio range of the central bay, the width ratio of the secondary bays, the depth of the eaves, the depth of the central bay, and the depth of the ridge bay, combined with the length and width of the rectangular plan; determining the center point of the front facade of the building based on the building plan dimensions and orientation; and generating an axis grid that conforms to the layout requirements of traditional timber-framed buildings, based on the center point of the front facade and the building orientation.

[0018] The axial grid includes: longitudinal axes and transverse axes. Longitudinal axes: Based on the number of bays, axes are divided along the length of the rectangular plane according to the width of the facade. The distance between two adjacent longitudinal axes represents one bay, and the spacing is calculated according to the facade width ratio. Transverse axes: Based on the number of depths, axes are divided along the width of the rectangular plane according to the depth width. The distance between two adjacent transverse axes represents one depth, and the spacing is calculated according to the depth ratio.

[0019] Secondly, an automated generation device for beam-type timber structure building models and construction drawings is provided, including: a parameter processing module, a model generation module, and a drawing and model export module.

[0020] The parameter processing module is used to determine the building plan range of the timber-framed structure. Based on user-inputted preset building parameters, it determines the overall building layout and generates building plan axes, forming an axis grid that conforms to the layout requirements of traditional timber-framed structures. The preset building parameters include building orientation, number of bays and depths, presence of front and rear eaves, positioning points, and foundation column diameters. The axis grid includes a central axis, bays, depths, longitudinal axes, and transverse axes. The central axis is set based on the center of the front facade and the building orientation; the center of the front facade refers to the geometric center of the facade directly in front of the building. The spacing between bays and depths is determined by the module and foundation column diameters, ultimately generating a complete plan axis grid to provide a basis for component positioning.

[0021] The model generation module is used to generate basic support column components based on the relevant building codes, the preset building parameters, and the axis grid, with the column diameter of the basic support column component being the basic column diameter; based on the positioning information and relevant dimensional parameters of the basic support column components, a three-dimensional beam frame positioning and reference system is constructed through a parametric program to generate three-dimensional positioning points, reference lines, and component distribution schemes for the beam frame components; based on the beam frame structure layout and step frame division rules, roof support components are automatically calculated and generated to ensure the natural transition of the roof curve and load transfer; based on the beam frame structure and roof support components, auxiliary connection and support components are automatically generated to form a complete timber structure building model.

[0022] The drawing and model export module automatically generates architectural construction drawings and drawings and control data for CNC machining after completing modeling and node derivation. Based on the generated parametric model, it extracts the dimensions, numbers, and node position information of each component, generates a two-dimensional unfolded drawing, and automatically marks cutting lines, drilling points, and connection numbers to meet the accuracy and process requirements of digital machining. Simultaneously, it exports a three-dimensional machining model, generates a magnified view of complex nodes, and optimizes mortise and tenon details to adapt to the corresponding machining equipment in a standard form.

[0023] Thirdly, a computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the above-described method.

[0024] Fourthly, a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-described method.

[0025] Fifthly, a computer program product includes a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the above-described method.

[0026] Compared with existing technologies, this application has at least the following beneficial effects: Based on further analysis and research on the problems of existing technologies, this application recognizes that the research and practice of automatically generating components in the field of timber-framed buildings, under the premise of strictly following traditional construction rules, is still relatively lacking. This application proposes an automated method for generating timber-framed building models and construction drawings, including generating an axial grid that conforms to the layout requirements of traditional timber-framed buildings based on user-input pre-set architectural parameters, constructing a three-dimensional beam frame positioning and reference system according to building codes, generating standardized beam frame components and their connection nodes, and outputting a complete three-dimensional building model and component construction drawings. This significantly improves design efficiency and accuracy, achieves component standardization, and meets the production and standardization needs of fields such as the restoration, protection, and construction of ancient buildings.

[0027] This application combines the historical design specifications for traditional timber-framed buildings with the Grasshopper parametric program, achieving the automation, standardization, and digital transformation of the traditional architectural design process, and has broad prospects for engineering application and promotion.

[0028] This application also has at least the following beneficial effects.

[0029] 1. Improve design efficiency: Utilize the Grasshopper parametric program to automatically generate building planar axes, 3D beam structure components, and connection nodes, significantly shortening the design cycle and reducing the workload of traditional manual drafting and repeated modifications.

[0030] 2. Ensure standardization and refinement of components: Based on the Qing Dynasty architectural rules and parameterized rules, each component and its connection nodes are automatically generated to accurately restore the architectural style of the main building of the traditional timber-framed building, while ensuring the standardization, modularization and reusability of component size and node design.

[0031] 3. Facilitating digital processing and assembly: The overall 3D model and component drawings exported can be directly used for digital processing, supporting modern manufacturing processes such as CNC machining and 3D printing, significantly improving production and processing efficiency, and providing accurate data support for assembly and construction, thereby further improving construction efficiency and shortening the construction cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating an automated method for generating a model and construction drawings of a timber-framed building, which is provided in the first embodiment of this application.

[0033] Figure 2 A general illustration provided for one embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 3 This application provides a flowchart of the working system for an automated method of generating a model and construction drawings for a timber-framed building with a raised beam structure, as an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a program framework diagram of an automated method for generating a model and construction drawings of a timber-framed building with a raised beam, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the parameter generation process of an automated method for generating a model and construction drawings of a beam-type timber structure building, according to one embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating the automated generation process of various building components, provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a building construction drawing provided for one embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a component processing model provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0040] Figure 9 This is a site view of a courtyard house, as provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the architectural generation process of a courtyard house in one embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 11The following is a construction drawing of a courtyard house provided as an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the device architecture for an automated generation device for beam-type timber structure building models and construction drawings, provided as an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0045] In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, the terms "including", "comprising", "having", etc., also mean "not limited to" (certain units, components, materials, steps, etc.).

[0046] This application discloses an automated method for generating models and construction drawings of timber-framed buildings with raised beams, involving computer parametric programs and ancient architectural construction rules. The method automatically generates the main building frame and connection nodes of each component based on Qing Dynasty architectural rules, by allowing the user to preset the building's floor plan, orientation, and whether it has front and rear eaves. This program significantly improves the design efficiency of traditional residential buildings, while the parametrically generated beam frame also significantly improves manufacturing efficiency.

[0047] This application provides a method for automatically generating building models and construction drawings for timber-framed structures with raised beams, aiming to help users conduct architectural design efficiently and flexibly. In this application, the Qing Dynasty architectural codes are cited only as examples to demonstrate the application effect of this method under traditional building codes. However, the scope of this application is not limited to the Qing Dynasty architectural codes or other specific building codes.

[0048] Users can choose any relevant building code to apply the method provided in this application, based on their project needs. Whether it's modern building codes, local building standards, or other traditional building construction principles, they can all be combined with the method of this application to achieve the goal of automated design. The core of this application lies in providing a general and flexible design methodology framework, rather than restricting specific building codes.

[0049] Therefore, this application explicitly states that all automated design applications based on the method of this application, regardless of the construction standards adopted, fall within the scope of protection of this application. This application does not restrict the specific construction standards selected by the user to ensure its broad applicability to different scenarios and needs.

[0050] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figures 2-5As shown, an automated method for generating models and construction drawings of timber-framed buildings with raised beams is provided. This method includes the following steps S1-S3.

[0051] Step S1: Determine the building plan of the timber-framed structure. Based on the user-inputted pre-set building parameters, determine the overall building layout and generate the building plan axis, forming an axis grid that conforms to the layout requirements of traditional timber-framed structures. The pre-set building parameters include building orientation, number of bays and depths, whether there are front and rear eaves, positioning points, and foundation column diameter. The axis grid includes the central axis, bays, depth, longitudinal axis, and transverse axis. The central axis is set based on the center of the front facade and the building orientation. The center of the front facade refers to the geometric center of the facade directly in front of the building. The bay and depth spacing is determined by the module and the foundation column diameter. Finally, a complete plan axis grid is generated, providing a basis for component positioning.

[0052] In one embodiment, the generation of the axis grid includes: providing basic data for subsequent planar axis grid generation based on user-input architectural preset parameters, including the length and width of the rectangular plan, the building orientation, and whether front and rear eaves are set; calculating the number of bays and the number of depths of the building based on parameters such as column diameter, the width ratio range of the central bay, the width ratio of the secondary bays, the depth of the eaves, the depth of the central bay, and the depth of the ridge bay, combined with the length and width of the rectangular plan; determining the center point of the front facade of the building based on the building plan dimensions and orientation; and generating an axis grid that conforms to the layout requirements of traditional timber-framed buildings, with each axis representing the center line of a bay or depth, based on the center point of the front facade and the building orientation.

[0053] The axial grid includes longitudinal axes and transverse axes. Longitudinal axes: Based on the number of bays, axes are divided along the length of the rectangular plane according to the width of the facade. The distance between two adjacent longitudinal axes represents one bay, and the spacing is calculated based on the total width of the facade. Transverse axes: Based on the number of depths, axes are divided along the width of the rectangular plane according to the depth width. The distance between two adjacent transverse axes represents one depth, and the spacing is calculated based on the total depth.

[0054] In this embodiment, it is assumed that the user input is as follows: the rectangular plan has a length (L) of 18 meters, a width (W) of 12 meters, a south-facing orientation, and front and rear eaves. The number of bays is either 3 or 5, and the depth is 7 purlins and 6 steps (including the front and rear eaves). The generation of the axis grid includes steps one through four.

[0055] Step one: Based on the rectangular plan and the intended number of bays, determine the applicable column diameter D. In this application, the column diameter D is the basic module, and all other dimensions are related to it. According to the modular system of courtyard house architecture, the dimensions of other components in the building are usually calculated based on the basic module. For example, the column diameter of the main column is usually the basic module plus a certain dimension, and the dimensions of components such as beams, purlins, and rafters also have a fixed proportional relationship with the basic module.

[0056] 1. Width ratio of the main bay (11D-13.6D), width ratio of the secondary bays (11D), depth of the eaves corridor (4D-5D), depth of the purlin (3D-4D), and depth of the ridge purlin (3D-4D).

[0057] 2. Total width = width of the main bay + 2 × width of the secondary bays. Wherein, the number of main bays is a constant of 1, and the total number of secondary bays is n. (1+n) is an odd number not less than 3.

[0058] 3. The total number of secondary branches n satisfies the following relationship.

[0059] The width of the main room × 1 + the ratio of the secondary and end rooms × n = L, where .

[0060] n = L - the ratio of the width of the main room to the width of the secondary room.

[0061] n = L - 13D / 11D.

[0062] Based on the above relationships, the applicable column diameter can be obtained. .

[0063] Assuming the user inputs the number of bays n=3, then the applicable column diameter D=0.39 (rounded to 400mm).

[0064] Step 2: Determine the center point of the building's front facade.

[0065] Assume the center point of the building's front facade is located at the center point of the longer side of the rectangular plan. Let the coordinates of this point be (0, 0, 0).

[0066] Step 3: Generate the planar grid.

[0067] Longitudinal axis: In the length direction, with three bays, the spacing between each axis is: 11D, 13D, 11D, for a total of 3 axes.

[0068] Horizontal axis: In the width direction, there are 6 steps of depth, of which the eaves step is 4D-5D, the ridge step is 4D, and the spacing between each axis is 4D, for a total of 7 axes.

[0069] Step 4: Determine the base points of the foundation support column components.

[0070] Based on the axis grid, determine the location of the foundation support column members. The base point of the foundation support column member is located at the intersection of the axes.

[0071] The generation of the planar grid is based on user-inputted architectural preset parameters (such as the length and width of the rectangular plan, building orientation, and whether front and rear eaves are provided). By calculating the number of bays and the depth, the center point of the front facade of the building is determined, generating an axial grid that conforms to the layout requirements of traditional timber-framed buildings, and finally determining the base points of the foundation support columns. This process provides the foundation and basis for the subsequent generation of various components such as columns, beams, purlins, etc.

[0072] In one embodiment, calculating the number of bays and the depth of a building specifically includes: calculating the total width of the facade based on the width ratio range of the main bay and the width ratio of the secondary bays, combined with the depth of the eaves; calculating the total depth based on the depth of the central bay, the ridge bay, and combined with the depth of the eaves; and obtaining the number of bays and the depth of the building based on the length and width of the rectangular plan, combined with the total width and the total depth.

[0073] Step S2: Based on the relevant building codes, generate foundation support column components using preset building parameters and axis grids. The column diameter of the foundation support column components is the basic column diameter. Based on the positioning information and relevant dimensional parameters of the foundation support column components, construct a three-dimensional beam frame positioning and reference system through a parametric program to generate three-dimensional positioning points, reference lines, and component distribution schemes for the beam frame components. According to the beam frame structure layout and step frame division rules, automatically calculate and generate roof support components to ensure the natural transition of the roof curve and load transfer. Based on the beam frame structure and roof support components, automatically generate auxiliary connection and support components to form a complete timber structure building model.

[0074] In one embodiment, before generating the foundation support column component based on the building's preset parameters and axis grid according to the relevant building codes, the method further includes: determining the specific location of the foundation support column component according to the generated axis grid, wherein the foundation support column component is located at the intersection of the axis grid, or determining the base point of the foundation support column component according to the specific layout requirements of the building and in combination with the column diameter, as the basis for subsequently generating the foundation support column component and other components.

[0075] In this embodiment, the axial grid serves as the basis for determining the location of the foundation support column members. It provides a reference framework for the building's spatial layout, allowing the foundation support column members to be accurately located at the intersections of the axial grid, or their base points to be determined based on the specific layout requirements of the building and the diameter of the foundation support column members. This method is more flexible and can adapt to complex building structures and special layout needs. For example, in some large buildings, it may be necessary to determine the location of the foundation support column members based on factors such as the building's functional zoning and space utilization, while also considering the impact of the diameter of the foundation support column members on the space, to ensure the structural safety and functional rationality of the building.

[0076] The established base points of the foundation support columns form the basis for the subsequent construction of these columns and other components. Once the location of the foundation support columns is determined, all subsequent construction and component installation will be based on them. The accuracy of the foundation support column location directly affects the stability of the entire building structure and the smooth progress of construction.

[0077] In one embodiment, step S2 specifically includes the following steps S201-S204.

[0078] Step S201: The basic support column components include eaves columns and main columns. The eaves columns are located on the outside of the building and support the eaves. The main columns are located inside the building and support the beam frame structure. The eaves columns and main columns are arranged along the width direction and the taper and side feet are automatically set. The eaves columns and main columns have the same diameter, which is the diameter of the basic column. The height of the eaves columns is set according to the diameter of the basic column, and the height of the main columns is calculated by combining the roof coefficient and the step width.

[0079] Step S202: The beam frame components include the end beam, five-bay beam, three-bay beam, purlin, and spine; the end beam is used as an example. The program automatically generates the beam body based on the coordinates of the eaves column head and the width of the corridor steps. The dimensions are based on the diameter of the foundation column, and details such as level water, upturned head, and bear-back shape are generated. Tenon and mortise joints are preset to ensure reasonable component connections. The purlin is an important component in the beam frame used to support the ridge and transition nodes. The column position is automatically extracted based on the division of the ridge steps and the spine steps, and the corresponding number and size are generated according to proportional rules. The diameter is generally the foundation column diameter D or 0.8D, and the height is adjusted according to the beam components it supports. During the generation process, tenon and mortise joints are automatically set to connect with the upper and lower components to ensure continuous force transmission.

[0080] Step S203: The roof support components include purlin components and beam components. Various purlin components are automatically generated based on the planar grid axis, pre-set architectural parameters, foundation support column components, and the beam frame structure. During generation, each purlin component automatically connects with the beams and purlins to ensure structural continuity. Purlin components are automatically generated through a parametric program based on the beam frame layout and step-by-step division rules. Before generation, the elevation is calculated, and the purlin elevation is derived based on the step-by-step length and elevation coefficient to achieve Z-axis positioning and ensure a natural transition of the roof curve. The purlin diameter is derived from the foundation column diameter, and the specific dimensions are adjusted according to the span and load. This achieves a natural transition of the roof curve and effective load support.

[0081] Step S204, auxiliary connection and support components include: base plates, rafters, sheathing boards, and eaves; wherein, the base plates are automatically inserted according to the corresponding beam components before the purlins are generated, the size of the base plates is determined according to the foundation column diameter, and they are automatically aligned with adjacent components to ensure accuracy; the rafters are distributed on the purlins, and after the purlins are generated, the rafters are automatically arranged according to the roof shape and frame logic, the direction is parallel to the axis, and the number is determined by the section length; the start and end points of the rafters are located between the top surfaces of adjacent purlins, and the inclination angle is determined by the elevation and the frame. The width of the frame is determined, and the cross-sectional dimensions are determined based on the diameter of the foundation columns. The sheathing is located on the rafters. After the rafters are generated, the sheathing is positioned on the upper surface of the rafters and automatically laid according to the distribution of the rafters, arranged along the roof slope to cover the entire roof. The eaves consist of flying rafters, sheathing extensions, and overhangs. After the rafters are generated, the length of the eaves is automatically calculated and generated according to the height of the eaves columns and the upward projection ratio. The slope of the eaves is adjusted according to the frame, and the edge details are generated according to rules to ensure the continuity and uniformity of the roof structure.

[0082] Step S3: After completing the modeling and node derivation, the building construction drawings and drawings and control data for CNC machining are automatically generated. Based on the generated parametric model, the dimensions, numbers, and node position information of each component are extracted to generate a two-dimensional unfolded drawing. Cutting lines, drilling points, and connection numbers are automatically marked to meet the requirements of digital machining accuracy and process. The three-dimensional machining model is exported simultaneously. For complex nodes, a local magnified view is generated and the mortise and tenon details are optimized to adapt to the corresponding machining equipment in a standard form.

[0083] In this embodiment, the exported overall 3D model and component drawings can be directly used for digital processing, supporting modern manufacturing processes such as CNC machining and 3D printing, significantly improving production and processing efficiency, and providing accurate data support for assembly and construction, thereby further improving construction efficiency and shortening the construction cycle.

[0084] In this embodiment, a method for automatically generating a model and construction drawings of a timber-framed building includes the following steps A1-A5.

[0085] Step A1, Preset and Input Parameters: Determine the building plan area and input the user-preset key parameters such as the building plan area, building orientation, and whether to set front and rear eaves into the system.

[0086] Step A2, Generate Planar Axis: Automatically generate the building planar axis based on the building plan range and preset parameters to form an axis grid that meets the layout requirements of traditional timber-framed buildings.

[0087] Step A3, constructing a three-dimensional beam frame positioning and reference system: Based on the generated planar axis and input parameters, a three-dimensional positioning point, reference line and component distribution scheme for the main building beam frame components are formed. The construction process is parametrically designed according to the Qing Dynasty architectural rules to ensure the historical restoration and framework rationality of the generated building.

[0088] Step A4: Automatically generate components and nodes: Based on the positioning points, reference lines and design rules, automatically generate each component of the main building beam frame and its connection nodes, realizing the standardized configuration of component dimensions and node details.

[0089] Step A5, Export Digital Model: Export the generated overall 3D model of the traditional main building and the drawings of each component for subsequent digital processing, manufacturing, assembly, construction, and process verification.

[0090] In one embodiment, after generating a complete timber structure building model, the architectural construction drawings are automatically output. These drawings include floor plans, elevations, and sections, enabling linkage between modeling and drawing. The floor plans are generated based on bay width, depth, and column position parameters, and the positions and numbers of various components are marked. The elevations and sections are projected onto the model to show details such as taper, base plates, and tenon and mortise details. The architectural construction drawings can be updated in real time as parameters are modified, and can be exported to various computer-aided design file formats.

[0091] In this embodiment, when parameters in the model (such as bay width, depth, column positions, etc.) change, the construction drawings can be automatically updated to ensure consistency between the drawings and the model. It also supports exporting multiple CAD file formats: DWG, DXF, DWF, IGES, STEP, and other common CAD file formats, meeting the needs of different software and application scenarios.

[0092] Traditional construction drawings are typically hand-drawn by designers or draftsmen, which is labor-intensive and prone to errors. Once completed, modifications are cumbersome, requiring the redrawing of relevant sections. Complex structural details may require additional detailed drawings, and the presentation is relatively less intuitive. Furthermore, they are primarily paper-based, although convertible to electronic formats, the compatibility and operability of these formats are relatively limited. This application, however, features automated generation and parametric design, allowing drawings to be updated in real-time based on model modifications, significantly improving flexibility and accuracy. Model projection provides a clear view of complex structural details, reducing misunderstandings during construction. It supports multiple electronic formats, especially DWG, facilitating sharing and editing across different software and adapting to the digital needs of the modern construction industry.

[0093] Timber construction typically involves complex mortise and tenon joints and meticulous component fabrication. This digital construction drawing system accurately displays these details, ensuring construction accuracy and quality. Automated generation and real-time updates reduce the workload of manual drafting and modifications. Parametric design ensures consistency between drawings and models, minimizing human error. Support for multiple file formats facilitates integration with other software and systems. Detailed detailing and precise annotations help construction personnel better understand and execute construction tasks.

[0094] In one embodiment, when generating basic support column components, beam structure components, roof support components, and auxiliary connection and support components, mortise and tenon joints are automatically preset.

[0095] In this embodiment, mortise and tenon joints can be automatically pre-set when generating various components of a wooden structure. The system can automatically design and pre-set the position and form of mortise and tenon joints based on the size, shape, and function of the components, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the connection. It can automatically select appropriate mortise and tenon joint forms (such as straight tenons, beveled tenons, dovetail tenons, etc.) based on the stress conditions and connection requirements of the components, and can optimize the pre-set mortise and tenon joints to ensure the strength and stability of the joints while reducing material waste.

[0096] Users can modify input parameters at any time, and the system can update the component model and mortise and tenon joint design in real time. When the size or shape of a component changes, the system can automatically adjust the position and form of the mortise and tenon joints to ensure the accuracy of the connection. This reduces the workload of manual design and improves design efficiency. It ensures the accuracy and reliability of the mortise and tenon joint design. In the prefabrication process, automatically preset mortise and tenon joints can reduce on-site processing workload and improve production efficiency. Accurate mortise and tenon joint design can reduce construction errors and improve construction quality. Automatically preset mortise and tenon joints help to inherit and promote traditional wood structure connection techniques.

[0097] In one embodiment, generating the building plan axis based on user-input building preset parameters specifically includes: generating the building plan axis using Grasshopper's built-in parametric functions, automatically generating a continuous building plan axis grid that conforms to traditional building layout requirements through rule logic.

[0098] In one embodiment, step S2 further includes: using Grasshopper's built-in parametric design tools and rule library, and combining Qing Dynasty construction rules and Qing Dynasty engineering practice rules, to accurately restore the shape and connection nodes of each component of the beam frame.

[0099] In this embodiment, when generating the components and connection nodes of the three-dimensional beam frame, the proportions and design rules guided by the Qing Dynasty Construction Rules and the Qing Dynasty Engineering Practice Rules are adopted for the size of the components and the details of the nodes to ensure the historical restoration of the building frame and the rationality of the structure.

[0100] In this application, the construction data for columns, beams, purlins, and other structural components, as well as other construction data, are not directly derived from existing data standards such as the *Qing Dynasty Architectural Standards* and the *Qing Dynasty Ministry of Works Engineering Practices Standards*. Instead, they are derived by the applicant based on actual needs and research summaries. To more accurately achieve the technical objectives of this invention and to meet the practical application needs of modern technology, the applicant has also independently summarized and organized some data. This data is based on the applicant's many years of research experience and practical operation accumulation, aiming to optimize the technical solution and make it more suitable for actual application scenarios.

[0101] The following describes this solution from another perspective.

[0102] Traditional courtyard houses, as an important part of ancient Chinese architecture, embody rich historical culture and construction wisdom. Among them, the raised-beam structure, through columns and beams forming a continuous frame, emphasizes the interconnectedness of components and spatial flexibility, showcasing superb carpentry skills and rigorous construction logic. Its design and construction strictly adhere to standards such as the *Qing Dynasty Architectural Regulations* and the *Qing Dynasty Ministry of Works Engineering Practice Regulations*, forming a complete system in component layout, structural division, and mortise and tenon joint design, demonstrating a high degree of unity between space, mechanics, and craftsmanship. However, traditional design relies heavily on experience, resulting in long cycles, inaccurate data, and strong subjectivity in details, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern ancient building restoration, antique reproduction projects, and standardization and digitalization, thus limiting its application.

[0103] With the development of digital technology and parametric design, the Grasshopper tool under the Rhino platform has been widely used in architectural design optimization and digital manufacturing processes. Its parametric control and rule-based modeling capabilities make architectural scheme generation more efficient and accurate. However, the application of this technology in the traditional construction field is still limited, especially in the case of automatically generating complex components and mortise and tenon joints while adhering to traditional specifications, which still lacks systematic research and practical support.

[0104] This application proposes a parametric generation method for structural components in Qing Dynasty small-scale timber-framed architecture, based on Rhino and Grasshopper. By extracting traditional rules, it constructs planar axes and three-dimensional beam frames, automatically generates models of major components with mortise and tenon details, and outputs high-precision drawings, supporting digital manufacturing and automated construction. Case studies demonstrate that this method helps improve design standardization and manufacturing efficiency, showing promising application prospects.

[0105] Ancient Chinese architecture, primarily based on timber structures, evolved over time, with each dynasty exhibiting unique characteristics in layout, form, and construction. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the architectural system matured and became more unified. The *Engineering Practices and Regulations* systematically summarized construction standards, becoming an important basis for traditional architecture. Although there were differences in details between Ming and Qing buildings, their overall style remained consistent, reflecting the inheritance and development of traditional craftsmanship.

[0106] Most of the existing ancient buildings date from the Ming and Qing dynasties, making them a key focus for restoration and antique-style design. Understanding their structural systems helps in comprehending traditional concepts and guiding practical engineering projects. Ming and Qing architecture is rich in types, including gable roofs, hip roofs, and palace-style buildings, and is divided into two categories: large-scale (palaces, gardens) and small-scale (residential residences). Although their uses differ, they all follow a unified system of scale and proportion, forming the unique norms and style of Chinese architecture.

[0107] Building upon this foundation, this application focuses on the timber frame structure of small-scale Qing dynasty architecture, proposing an automated generation method based on parametric modeling. By extracting traditional scale systems, constructing spatial axes and beam-frame systems, it automatically generates major components and mortise and tenon joints, and outputs detailed drawings, supporting digital manufacturing and assembly, and promoting the modern transformation of traditional construction processes.

[0108] General rules (or general regulations) are the fundamental principles used in Qing dynasty architecture to determine the dimensions and proportions of various components, ensuring stylistic harmony across different architectural forms. They cover aspects such as width and depth, column height and diameter, taper and sloping sides, upper and lower projections, platform and roof truss, platform height, and roof gable and gable extension, forming the core basis of the standardized design system for Qing dynasty timber-framed architecture. (Reference) Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the general rules.

[0109] In terms of the building's floor plan, buildings generally adopt a rectangular layout, consisting of several individual rooms. The horizontal width is called the facade, and the vertical depth is called the depth. The determination of the facade takes into account factors such as the intended use, timber specifications, and the feudal hierarchy; the facade of a secondary room is usually 80% of that of the central room. The depth is limited by structural stability and spatial function; small buildings generally do not exceed five purlins and four steps, with a maximum of seven purlins and six steps. If further increases in depth are needed, this is usually achieved by adding front and rear eaves corridors.

[0110] The purlin is the basic unit used in Qing-style architecture to define the spacing between structural members in the longitudinal direction, referring to the horizontal distance between the centers of two adjacent purlins. Depending on their location, purlins can be divided into corridor purlins, main purlins, and ridge purlins, among others. Except for corridor purlins, the dimensions of the other purlins are usually consistent. Using the column diameter D as the module, corridor purlins in small-scale buildings are generally 4D-5D, while main purlins and ridge purlins are 4D.

[0111] The vertical structure is divided into two parts: column height and roof frame. For the columns (eaves columns / main columns), in small-scale buildings, the ratio of width to column height is approximately 10:8, and the ratio of column height to column diameter is approximately 11:1. These three ratios can be converted to each other to achieve coordinated control of component dimensions. Except for short columns such as melon-shaped columns, ancient building wooden columns often adopt a tapering form, thinner at the top and thicker at the bottom, to enhance structural stability and visual lightness. The tapering is generally 1 / 100 of the column height. For example, if the column height is 3 meters, the diameter of the column head is about 3 centimeters smaller than that of the column base. To further enhance the stability of the eaves columns, the outer columns are often equipped with "side feet," that is, the column base is offset outward, causing the column body to lean slightly inward. The direction of the side feet is adjusted according to the column position, and corner columns are extended outward in both the width and depth directions. The inner columns remain vertical, and the side foot dimensions are usually consistent with the tapering. For the roof frame, the vertical height between the steps is called the "roof height," and its ratio to the length of the steps is the "roof frame." Commonly used roof height coefficients include 5-purlin (0.5), 65-purlin (0.65), and 75-purlin (0.75). The eaves typically use a 5-purlin designation, commonly known as "5-purlin roof." A well-designed roof height coefficient helps create a natural and smooth roof curve, optimizing the overall visual effect of the building. Traditional small five-purlin houses typically use a combination of 5-purlin eaves and 7-purlin ridge; seven-purlin houses use a mixture of 5-purlin, 65-purlin, and 85-purlin designs. The roof height is usually measured using the bottom surface of the purlin as the reference point to avoid errors caused by varying purlin thickness and to ensure consistent structural elevation control.

[0112] In roof construction, ancient buildings typically have eaves that project far outwards, and Qing dynasty architecture had specific regulations governing their dimensions. In smaller buildings, the "upper eave projection" refers to the horizontal distance from the center of the eaves purlin to the outer edge of the flying rafter, usually 3 / 10 of the eaves column height, with the flying rafter projection accounting for 1 / 3 and the eaves rafter projection accounting for 2 / 3. Buildings are usually situated on a platform, with the exposed portion called the "platform protrusion," typically 1 / 5 of the column height or twice the column diameter, extending outwards to form the "lower projection." The horizontal distance of the lower projection is approximately 4 / 5 of the upper eave projection or 2.4 times the column diameter. Because the upper projection is greater than the lower projection, a "return flow" is formed between them, effectively preventing rainwater from directly eroding the column base and walls, thus providing drainage and protection.

[0113] The relationships between the various general rules of architecture can be simplified to the following formula.

[0114] .

[0115] Ancient Chinese architecture highly relies on the strict proportional relationship between components in design and construction, forming a set of stable scale rules. Craftsmen of past dynasties followed this system to build a large number of wooden buildings with standardized shapes and unified styles, reflecting distinct national characteristics and artistic styles. Among them, the modular system and component standardization are the most typical features of traditional architecture. In the Qing Dynasty, two basic modular systems were commonly used: for large-scale palatial buildings, "doukou" was used as the unit, while for small-scale buildings, the diameter D of the eaves column was used as the basic module, and the sizes of all components could be deduced and determined from D.

[0116] The planar module of small-scale buildings is jointly determined by site conditions and functional requirements. Generally, there are two design paths. One is to deduce the appropriate column diameter from the site scope, as shown in the following formula.

[0117] .

[0118] The other is to deduce the corresponding building land area based on the column diameter. See the following formula.

[0119] .

[0120] In the formula, D is the column diameter; L represents the site width or the overall width of the building; represents the ratio of the width of the central bay, and its value range is ; represents the ratio of the widths of the secondary, end, and side bays, and its value is generally 11; x represents the number of bays, which is discretionarily selected by the owner or designer. For small-scale buildings, it is generally fixed as an odd number of 3 or 5 bays.

[0121] This application takes the small-scale wooden structure buildings in the Qing Dynasty as the object. Based on its unified modular system and clear component ratios, it explores a parametric modeling method applicable to digital construction. Small-scale buildings often use the diameter D of the eaves column as the basic module, and the sizes of each component are mostly multiples of D, with clear proportional relationships, which is convenient for rule extraction and model construction. Combining "The Rules of Qing Dynasty Architecture" and measured data, this application has sorted out the main beam structure components and their parameter rules in small-scale buildings, as shown in Table 1 for details.

[0122]

[0123] As Figure 3 shown, the generative design and construction workflow of small-scale buildings in the Qing Dynasty includes links such as parameter input, model generation, and result output. Users first input the basic parameters of the building, and the program automatically generates a complete parametric building model according to the preset component logical relationships, and supports real-time parameter modification and scheme adjustment. After the building scheme is determined, the system can further output three-dimensional building models, various component models, and their corresponding construction drawings and processing drawings, supporting digital manufacturing processes such as CNC, so as to achieve efficient connection between design and construction and build a complete "design - production - construction" integrated working system.

[0124] like Figure 4 As shown, the program framework is divided into three core modules: basic parameter input, component generation, and output. Users can input options such as building location, site dimensions, number of bays and depths, and front and rear corridors through the interface as the input basis for model generation.

[0125] Based on preset component logic and traditional construction rules, the program automatically generates structural components such as columns, beams, purlins, and rafters, and combines them into a complete 3D model. It supports real-time visualization and parameter adjustment, facilitating scheme optimization. After the scheme is finalized, the system can automatically output various component dimension drawings and architectural plans, elevations, and sections, supporting formats such as DXF and PDF, for subsequent construction drawings and digital processing, realizing a closed-loop process from design to manufacturing.

[0126] This application utilizes the Grasshopper parametric modeling tool on the Rhino platform, combining the structural characteristics of Qing Dynasty small-scale timber-framed architecture with traditional construction principles to build a complete parametric generation program. Users input core parameters such as building plan dimensions, bay width and depth, column diameter module, and ceiling height coefficient, and the program automatically completes the plan layout, beam frame modeling, node logic derivation, and drawing output. The program adopts a modular design, divided into four parts: plan generation, 3D modeling, node generation, and drawing output. Data linkage between modules forms an integrated automatic generation process from parameter input to final output.

[0127] The program first sets basic parameters through the Grasshopper platform to determine the overall layout of the main building's beam frame in a Qing Dynasty-style small building. Users can input the main building's orientation and location point, column diameter (D, 250mm in the example), number of bays and depth, and options for front and rear porches. The building's bay and depth ratios are based on D as a module, with the central bay width set to 11D-13.6D and the secondary bays set to 11D, automatically generating the corresponding plan axis and layout.

[0128] The architectural plan grid program consists of four parts: the central axis, bay width, depth, and horizontal and vertical axes, which are generated sequentially through data flow. The central axis is set based on the center and orientation of the front facade, while the bay width and depth spacing are derived from proportional parameters and column diameters. Finally, a complete plan grid and building platform are generated, providing a basis for component positioning.

[0129] The program automatically generates eaves columns and main columns based on the planar grid and input parameters (such as column diameter, number of bays, and number of steps). The eaves columns and main columns are arranged along the width of the facade, with automatic setting of tapering and side sills. The height of the eaves columns is generally 10D-11D, while the height of the main columns is calculated based on the roof coefficient and step width.

[0130] The beam structure components include the end beam, five-bay beam, three-bay beam, mezzanine columns, and spine, etc., with consistent structural logic. Here, the end beam is used as an example for explanation. The program automatically generates the beam body based on the coordinates of the eaves column head and the width of the corridor steps. The dimensions are based on the column diameter D as the module (height 1.4D, width 1.1D), and generates morphological details such as level water, head up, and bear back. At the same time, mortise and tenon joints are preset to ensure reasonable connection of components.

[0131] The eaves column is a crucial component in the beam frame, supporting the ridge and transition nodes. The program automatically extracts column positions based on the ridge and eaves divisions, generating the corresponding quantity and dimensions according to proportional rules. The diameter is generally D times the eaves column diameter or 0.8D, and the height is adjusted to fit the supporting beams. During generation, the program automatically sets mortise and tenon joints to connect with the upper and lower components, ensuring continuous force transmission.

[0132] The beam-like structural members include through beams, main beams, eaves beams, and ridge beams, serving as lateral connections and supports. The program automatically generates various beam types based on axis and column position data. Through beams extend through the bay, with a width of D and a thickness of 0.8D; main beams are placed on the main columns, connecting the five-bay beams and purlins, with dimensions of D or 0.8D; eaves beams are located on the eaves columns, with a structure similar to that of through beams; ridge beams are arranged along the spine, with a width of 0.8D and a thickness of 0.65D. During generation, each beam automatically aligns with the beams and purlins to ensure structural continuity.

[0133] The pad is located between the purlin and the beam, used for leveling the transition, buffering loads, and stabilizing the connection. It is commonly divided into eaves pads, ridge pads, and purlin pads. Before the purlins are generated, the program automatically inserts the corresponding pad based on the purlin position. The dimensions are derived from the column diameter D, with a width of approximately 0.8D and a thickness of 0.25D-0.3D. It automatically aligns with the upper and lower components to ensure modeling accuracy.

[0134] Purlins are key components supporting the roof load in small-scale buildings, including eaves purlins, main purlins, and ridge purlins. The program automatically generates various types of purlins based on the beam frame layout and joist division rules. Before generation, the elevation is calculated, and the purlin elevation is derived based on the joist length and elevation coefficient to achieve Z-axis positioning and ensure a natural transition of the roof curve. Eaves purlins are placed above the eaves columns, main purlins are placed on the main columns, and ridge purlins are placed on the ridge column or ridge beam column. The purlin diameter is derived from the column diameter D, with a value ranging from 0.9D to 1.0D; the specific dimensions are adjusted according to the span and load.

[0135] Rafters are secondary structural members distributed along the purlins, used to support the roof tiles, distribute loads evenly, and shape the roof's curves. Common types include eaves rafters, purlins, and ridge rafters. After generating the purlins, the program automatically arranges the rafters according to the roof shape and frame logic, with a spacing generally of 250–300 mm, the direction parallel to the axis, and the number calculated from the section length. The start and end points of the rafters are located between the top surfaces of adjacent purlins, and the inclination angle is determined by the elevation and frame width. Their cross-sectional dimensions are approximately 0.3D–0.4D, playing a crucial role in the roof's shape and structural expression.

[0136] The sheathing, situated above the rafters, is a crucial structural layer in the roofing system, used to support tiles, level the slope, and enhance waterproofing. After generating the rafters, the program automatically lays the sheathing according to their distribution, arranging it along the roof slope to cover the entire roof surface. The model is positioned by the upper surface of the rafters, and its thickness is typically 20–30 mm, adjustable parametrically.

[0137] Eaves are an important feature of small-scale building roofs, serving functions such as sunshade, rain protection, and visual extension. They are generally composed of flying rafters, extended sheathing sections, and overhanging ends. After generating the rafters, the program automatically calculates the length of the eaves and generates the corresponding components based on the height of the eaves columns and their upward projection ratio (approximately 3 / 10 of the column height). The slope of the eaves is automatically adjusted according to the roof frame, and edge details such as overhanging ends and drip lines can be generated according to rules to ensure the continuity and uniformity of the roof structure. Figure 6 The diagram shows the automated generation process of various building components.

[0138] like Figure 7 As shown, after generating a 3D beam frame model, the program can automatically output architectural plans, elevations, and sections, achieving linkage between modeling and drawing. The plan is generated based on parameters such as bay width, depth, and column positions, and labels the location and number of various components. Elevations and sections are projected onto the model, showcasing details such as taper, base plates, and tenons / mortise joints. Drawings can be updated in real-time as parameters are modified and support export to formats such as DWG, balancing traditional representation with digital fabrication needs.

[0139] After completing modeling and node derivation, the program can automatically generate drawings and control data for CNC machining. Based on the parametric model generated by Rhino and Grasshopper, the system extracts information such as the dimensions, numbers, and node positions of each component, and generates a two-dimensional unfolded drawing, automatically annotating cutting lines, drilling points, and connection numbers to meet the accuracy and process requirements of digital machining.

[0140] like Figure 8 As shown, the program can simultaneously export 3D machining models, supporting common CNC formats such as DXF, STL, and STEP. For complex nodes, the system automatically generates magnified views and optimizes mortise and tenon details (such as tenons for tenons and cantilever beams), adapting them to three-axis or five-axis machining equipment in a standard format. After parameter changes, drawings and data can be updated in real time, forming a complete closed loop from design to manufacturing, improving the efficiency and feasibility of digital construction of small buildings.

[0141] A certain courtyard house building, such as Figure 9 As shown in the satellite image and current status map, one of the main buildings in the courtyard has suffered structural damage due to years of disrepair, including a tilted roof truss, broken beams and columns, and partial roof collapse, requiring urgent structural repair and component reconstruction. To verify the applicability and operability of the parametric generation method proposed in this application in actual engineering, this site was selected as the experimental object for instance modeling and drawing output.

[0142] The experimental procedure is as follows Figure 10 As shown, a comparison with the on-site survey drawings reveals that the constructed model exhibits good consistency with the original structure in key dimensions such as width, depth, beam height, and column diameter, with errors controlled within ±1cm, meeting the actual processing requirements for the repaired components. Figure 11 As shown, based on the modeling, the program further outputs standard two-dimensional construction drawings and three-dimensional machining models, and exports the corresponding DXF and STEP files for CNC cutting and component trial assembly. Preliminary trial processing verification in conjunction with a woodworking workshop showed accurate component connection positions and reasonable node reservations, indicating that this parametric design system has good engineering adaptability and promotion potential in traditional small-scale building restoration projects.

[0143] The experimental results show that the generative design method proposed in this application is not only applicable to the design of newly built antique-style buildings, but also can efficiently support the rapid repair and partial replacement of traditional buildings, providing an effective tool path for the digital protection and processing of traditional wooden structures.

[0144] This application addresses the problems of cumbersome modeling, insufficient detail accuracy, and low production efficiency in the design of large timber structures for small-scale Qing Dynasty buildings. It proposes an automated generation method based on parametric modeling. By refining traditional construction rules, a reference system for building planar axes and three-dimensional beam frames is constructed. Based on modular derivation and node logic, major components such as beams, columns, purlins, and rafters are automatically generated, achieving dimensional control and detailed node reproduction that conform to traditional craft standards. Simultaneously, high-precision component production drawings are output, supporting digital manufacturing and automated construction applications. Research shows that this method can significantly improve the standardization level of design, digital modeling efficiency, and manufacturing integration of large timber structures in small-scale buildings, providing an efficient and scalable technical path for the restoration, protection, and new construction projects of ancient buildings.

[0145] In one embodiment, reference Figure 12 This invention provides an automated generation device for beam-type timber structure building models and construction drawings, including: a parameter processing module, a model generation module, and a drawing and model export module.

[0146] The parameter processing module is used to determine the building plan range of the timber frame structure. Based on the user-input preset building parameters, it determines the overall building layout and generates the building plan axis, forming an axis grid that conforms to the layout requirements of traditional timber frame structures. The preset building parameters include building orientation, number of bays and depths, whether there are front and rear eaves, positioning points, and foundation column diameters. The axis grid includes the central axis, bays, depth, longitudinal axis, and transverse axis. Among them, the central axis is set according to the center of the front facade and the building orientation. The center of the front facade refers to the geometric center of the facade directly in front of the building. The bay and depth spacing is determined by the module and the foundation column diameter. Finally, a complete plan axis grid is generated, providing a basis for component positioning.

[0147] The model generation module is used to generate basic support column components based on relevant building codes, pre-set building parameters, and axial grids. The column diameter of the basic support column components is the basic column diameter. Based on the positioning information and relevant dimensional parameters of the basic support column components, a three-dimensional beam frame positioning and reference system is constructed through a parametric program to generate three-dimensional positioning points, reference lines, and component distribution schemes for the beam frame components. According to the beam frame structure layout and step frame division rules, the module automatically calculates and generates roof support components to ensure the natural transition of the roof curve and load transfer. Based on the beam frame structure and roof support components, the module automatically generates auxiliary connection and support components to form a complete timber structure building model.

[0148] The drawing and model export module automatically generates architectural construction drawings and drawings and control data for CNC machining after completing modeling and node derivation. Based on the generated parametric model, it extracts the dimensions, numbers, and node position information of each component, generates a two-dimensional unfolded drawing, and automatically marks cutting lines, drilling points, and connection numbers to meet the accuracy and process requirements of digital machining. Simultaneously, it exports a three-dimensional machining model, generates a magnified view of complex nodes, and optimizes mortise and tenon details to adapt to the corresponding machining equipment in a standard form.

[0149] The specific implementation details of each module can be found in the above description of the limitations on the automated generation method of the model and construction drawings for the raised beam timber structure, and will not be repeated here.

[0150] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, the computer device including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory, wherein the processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method described in the above embodiment.

[0151] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, on which a computer program is stored, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the methods described in the above embodiments.

[0152] In one embodiment, a computer program product is also provided, including a computer program / instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the methods described in the embodiments above.

[0153] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A method for automated generation of a model and construction drawings of a post-and-beam timber structure building, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: S1, determining the building plane range of the post-and-lintel wood structure building, determining the overall layout of the building according to the user-input building preset parameters, and generating a building plane axis to form an axis grid conforming to the layout requirements of the traditional post-and-lintel wood structure building; the building preset parameters comprise building orientation, number of bays and depths, whether there are front and rear eaves corridors, positioning points, and foundation column diameter; the axis grid comprises a central axis, bays, depths, longitudinal axes, and transverse axes; wherein the central axis is set according to the front facade center and the building orientation, and the front facade center refers to the geometric center position of the facade directly in front of the building; the bay and depth intervals are determined by a module and the foundation column diameter, and a complete plane axis grid is finally generated to provide a basis for component positioning; S2, generating a foundation support column component based on the building preset parameters and the axis grid according to the corresponding building specifications; the column diameter of the foundation support column component is the foundation column diameter; a three-dimensional beam frame positioning and reference system is constructed by a parameterized program according to the positioning information and related size parameters of the foundation support column component, to generate three-dimensional positioning points, reference lines, and component distribution schemes of the beam frame component; roof support components are automatically calculated and generated according to the beam frame structure layout and step frame division rules, to ensure the natural transition and load transfer of the roof curve; auxiliary connection and support components are automatically generated based on the beam frame structure and the roof support components, to form a complete wood structure building model; S3, after modeling and node derivation are completed, automatically generating building construction drawings and drawings and control data for CNC processing; based on the generated parametric model, the size, number, and node position information of each component are extracted, a two-dimensional development drawing is generated, and cutting lines, drilling points, and connection numbers are automatically labeled to meet the digital processing accuracy and process requirements; and a three-dimensional processing model is simultaneously exported, and for complex nodes, a local enlarged view is generated and the mortise and tenon details are optimized to adapt to the corresponding processing equipment in a standard form.

2. The post and beam timber structure building model and construction drawing automated generation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After a complete wood structure building model is generated, building construction drawings are automatically output, the building construction drawings comprise a plan, an elevation, and a section, modeling and drawings are linked, the plan is generated according to the bay, depth, and column position parameters, and the positions and numbers of various components are labeled; the elevation and section are projected from the model to show the raking, shim, and mortise and tenon details; The building construction drawings support real-time updating with parameter modification and support exporting multiple computer-aided design file formats.

3. The post and beam timber structure building model and construction drawing automated generation method according to claim 1, wherein, Step S2 comprises: The foundation support column component comprises eave columns and king columns, the eave columns are located on the outside of the building and support the eave part, and the king columns are located inside the building and support the beam frame structure; the eave columns and the king columns are arranged along the facade width direction and are automatically provided with raking and side feet; the eave columns and the king columns have the same column diameter, which is the foundation column diameter; the height of the eave column is set according to the foundation column diameter, and the height of the king column is calculated in combination with the lifting frame coefficient and the step frame width; The beam frame component comprises a head-hugging beam, a five-step beam, a three-step beam, a melon column, and a ridge column. The roof support member includes a rafter member and a purlin member, various rafter members are automatically generated according to a plane grid axis, building preset parameters, a foundation support column member and a beam frame structure, when the rafter members are generated, each rafter member is automatically connected with a beam and a purlin, and the structure continuity is ensured; the purlin member is automatically generated according to the layout of the beam frame structure and a step frame division rule through a parameterized program, the height of the purlin is calculated before the generation, the purlin elevation is derived according to the step frame length and the height of the purlin, the Z-axis positioning is realized, and the natural transition of the roof curve is ensured; the diameter of the purlin is derived according to the diameter of the foundation column, and the specific size is adjusted according to the span and the load; so that the natural transition of the roof curve and the effective support of the load are realized. The auxiliary connection and support member includes a pad plate, a rafter, a fascia board and a cornice; wherein the pad plate is automatically inserted before the generation of the purlin according to the corresponding rafter member, the size of the pad plate is determined according to the diameter of the foundation column, the pad plate is automatically aligned with the adjacent member, and the accuracy is ensured; the rafters are distributed on the purlins, after the purlins are generated, the rafters are automatically arranged according to the roof shape and the step frame logic, the direction is parallel to the axis, and the number is determined by the length of the section; the start and end points of the rafter are located between the top surfaces of adjacent purlins, the inclination angle is determined by the height of the purlin and the width of the step frame, and the cross-sectional size is determined according to the diameter of the foundation column; the fascia board is located on the rafter, after the rafter is generated, the fascia board is positioned on the upper surface of the rafter, the fascia board is automatically laid according to the distribution of the rafter, arranged along the slope of the roof, and covers the entire roof; the cornice is composed of a flying rafter, a fascia board extension section and a cornice head, after the rafter is generated, the length of the cornice is automatically calculated according to the eave column height and the upper proportion, and the cornice is generated; the slope of the cornice is adjusted according to the height of the purlin, the edge details are generated according to the rules, and the continuity and unity of the roof structure are ensured.

4. The post and beam timber structure building model and construction drawing automated generation method according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that, When the foundation support column member, the beam frame member, the roof support member and the auxiliary connection and support member are generated, the mortise and tenon joint is automatically preset.

5. The post and beam timber structure building model and construction drawing automated generation method according to claim 1, wherein, Step S2 further includes: with the aid of the parameterized design tool and the rule library built in Grasshopper, and in combination with the Qing Dynasty building construction rules and the Qing Dynasty engineering practice rules, the accurate restoration of the shape and connection joint of each component of the beam frame is realized.

6. The post and beam timber structure building model and construction drawing automated generation method according to claim 1, wherein, The generation of the axis grid includes: According to the building preset parameters input by the user, including the length, width, building orientation, whether to set front and rear eave corridor information, provide basic data for subsequent plane axis network generation; According to the column diameter, the ratio range of the main span, the secondary span, the eave corridor depth, the gold step depth and the ridge step depth parameters, in combination with the length and width of the rectangular plane, the number of open bays and the number of depths of the building are calculated; According to the building plane size and orientation, the center point of the building front facade is determined; Taking the center point of the building front facade as the reference, in combination with the building orientation, the axis grid meeting the layout requirements of the traditional lift beam type wooden structure building is generated; wherein the axis grid includes: Longitudinal axis: according to the number of open bays, the axis is divided according to the width of the plane in the length direction of the rectangular plane, the distance between two adjacent longitudinal axes represents an open bay, and the interval is calculated according to the plane width ratio; Lateral axis: according to the number of depths, the axis is divided according to the depth width in the width direction of the rectangular plane, the distance between two adjacent lateral axes represents a depth, and the interval is calculated according to the depth ratio.

7. A device for automated generation of a model and construction drawings of a post-and-beam wooden structure building, characterized by It includes: The parameter processing module is configured to determine a building plane range of the post-and-lintel wood structure building, determine a building overall layout according to a user input building preset parameter, and generate a building plane axis to form an axis grid meeting the layout requirements of the traditional post-and-lintel wood structure building; the building preset parameter includes a building orientation, a number of bays and depths, whether there is a front or rear eave corridor, a positioning point, and a foundation column diameter; the axis grid includes a central axis, a bay, a depth, a longitudinal axis, and a transverse axis; the central axis is set according to a front facade center and the building orientation, and the front facade center refers to a geometric center position of a facade directly in front of the building; the bay and depth intervals are determined by a module and the foundation column diameter, and a complete plane axis grid is finally generated to provide a basis for component positioning; The model generation module is configured to generate a foundation support column component based on the building preset parameter and the axis grid according to a corresponding building specification; the column diameter of the foundation support column component is the foundation column diameter; a three-dimensional beam frame positioning and reference system is constructed by a parameterized program according to the positioning information and related size parameters of the foundation support column component to generate a three-dimensional positioning point, a reference line, and a component distribution scheme of the beam frame component; roof support components are automatically calculated and generated according to the beam frame structure layout and step frame division rules to ensure the natural transition and load transfer of a roof curve; auxiliary connection and support components are automatically generated based on the beam frame structure and the roof support components to form a complete wood structure building model; The drawing and model export module automatically generates building construction drawings and drawings and control data for CNC processing after completing modeling and node derivation; based on the generated parameter model, the size, number, and node position information of each component are extracted to generate a two-dimensional development drawing, and cutting lines, drilling points, and connection numbers are automatically labeled to meet the digital processing accuracy and process requirements; and a three-dimensional processing model is simultaneously exported, a local enlarged view is generated for complex nodes, and mortise and tenon details are optimized to adapt to corresponding processing equipment in a standard form.

8. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory, wherein the computer program comprises instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the method of any one of claims 1-7. The processor executes the computer program to implement the steps of the method of claim 1.

9. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that, The computer program is executed by the processor to implement the steps of the method of claim 1.

10. A computer program product comprising computer programs or instructions, characterized in that, The computer program / instruction is executed by the processor to implement the steps of the method of claim 1.

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