Dipole antenna and drone

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of antennas and discloses a dipole antenna and a UAV. The dipole antenna comprises a body part and a winding structure. The winding structure is arranged on the body part, and a gap exists between the winding structure and the body part. The winding structure is formed by winding a winding sheet. The winding structure comprises a plurality of winding turns arranged coaxially. The length of the body part is greater than the length of the winding structure. According to the application, an asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna is formed by the body part and the winding structure, two resonance modes are excited in the VHF frequency band, a wider standing wave matching is obtained through double-mode resonance, the gain of the dipole antenna in the VHF frequency band is improved, and the detection range of the UAV is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of antenna technology, specifically relating to a vibrating antenna and a drone. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, drones are being used more and more widely, with taking photos using cameras is one of the most common applications. When detecting targets, drones can use spectral signals for observation or electromagnetic waves for detection. Drone control requires a data link and also needs to communicate using electromagnetic waves; therefore, drones need to be equipped with antennas of various frequency bands.

[0003] In related technologies, antennas are formed using relatively small structures on the fuselage of drones. Due to the small size of these structures, standing wave matching needs to be achieved through loading methods (such as inductors and capacitors). Furthermore, the gain of drone antennas in the VHF (Very High Frequency) band is very low, which shortens the detection range of the drone. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the related art.

[0005] Therefore, a first aspect of the embodiments of this application provides a vibrating antenna.

[0006] A second aspect of the embodiments of this application provides an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

[0007] In view of this, according to a first aspect of the embodiments of this application, a dipole antenna is provided, comprising: a body portion; a winding structure disposed on the body portion and having a gap therebetween, the winding structure being formed by winding a winding sheet and including a plurality of winding loops arranged coaxially; wherein the length of the body portion is greater than the length of the winding structure.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the shape of the winding sheet includes a right triangle, the winding sheet including a first right-angled side and a second right-angled side; wherein, the winding structure is fixed to the surface of the preset shape by the second right-angled side, the winding sheet is formed by circumferentially winding around the axis of the preset shape, and one end of the winding structure is formed as a flush end and the other end is formed as a pointed end, the flush end facing the body part.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the preset shape includes a cylindrical shape or a sheet-like rectangular shape.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the length of the first right-angled side is greater than the length of the second right-angled side; and / or, the ratio of the length of the first right-angled side to the length of the second right-angled side is 1.5 to 4; and / or, the length of the second right-angled side is 0.1 to 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the vibrator antenna; and / or, the spacing between adjacent windings is 0.003 to 0.015 times the length of the second right-angled side.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the winding sheet is provided with one or more fractal holes, which are arranged at the position of the winding sheet according to a preset fractal geometry rule.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the material of the winding sheet includes a metal or a polyimide film material; when the material of the winding sheet is a polyimide film material, one side of the surface of the winding sheet is covered with a copper layer.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the vibrator antenna further includes: a first conductor disposed at the core end of the winding structure; a second conductor connected to the body portion, wherein the first conductor is disposed within the second conductor; and an insulating layer disposed between the first conductor and the second conductor to prevent the first conductor from contacting the second conductor.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the length of the body section is 0.2 to 0.4 times the operating wavelength of the vibrator antenna.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the dipole antenna further includes: an adhesive tape for fixing the outermost winding coil to an adjacent winding coil; or, a fixing housing defining a fixing cavity, the winding structure disposed within the fixing cavity, the inner wall of the fixing housing having a fixing groove that engages with the outer wall of the winding structure; or, a fixing plate disposed at the flush end of the winding structure, including a helical groove that engages with the flush end of the winding structure.

[0016] According to a second aspect of the embodiments of this application, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is proposed, including the aforementioned vibrating antenna.

[0017] The vibrating element antenna and UAV provided in this application can achieve at least the following technical effects:

[0018] In this application, the fuselage can be the fuselage of a UAV, meaning the UAV fuselage serves as one arm of a dipole antenna. A winding structure is disposed on the fuselage, making the winding structure another arm of the dipole antenna. A gap exists between the winding structure and the fuselage to prevent direct contact and facilitate power feeding. The winding structure is formed by winding a winding sheet, comprising multiple coaxially arranged winding coils. This minimizes the size of the additional structure added to the UAV, reducing its impact on the UAV's aerodynamic performance. The gaps in the winding structure extend the current path, increasing the equivalent electrical length and contributing to better standing wave ratio (SWR). The length of the fuselage is greater than the length of the winding structure; that is, the fuselage serves as the long arm, and the winding structure as the short arm, forming an asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna. This excites two resonant modes in the VHF band, achieving wider SWR matching through dual-mode resonance, thus improving the gain of the dipole antenna in the VHF band and increasing the UAV's detection range.

[0019] The above general description and the description below are exemplary and illustrative only and are not intended to limit this application. Attached Figure Description

[0020] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These illustrations and drawings do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements having the same reference numerals in the drawings are shown as similar elements. The drawings are not to be scaled. And wherein:

[0021] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the dipole antenna provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point F in the middle;

[0023] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the planar structure of the dipole antenna provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the dipole antenna provided in the embodiment shown from the H-angle perspective;

[0025] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the structural relationship between the winding sheet and the winding structure provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a winding sheet provided in one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wound sheet provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wound sheet provided in yet another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the fixed housing and the winding structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 10 This is a side view schematic diagram illustrating the arrangement relationship between the fixing ring and the winding structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 11 A top view schematic diagram showing the arrangement relationship between the fixing ring and the winding structure provided in an embodiment of this disclosure;

[0032] Figure 12 This is a side view of the winding structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 13 This is a top view of the winding structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the winding process of the winding structure provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0035] Figure 15 Standing wave diagram of the dipole antenna provided in the embodiments of this disclosure;

[0036] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the structure of a drone (folding wing) provided in one embodiment of this disclosure;

[0037] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an unmanned aerial vehicle (compound wing) provided in another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure provided in the comparative examples of this disclosure;

[0039] Figure 19 The standing wave diagram is for the antenna provided in the comparative example of this disclosure.

[0040] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows:

[0041] 100: Dipole antenna; 101: Body section; 102: Winding structure; 103: Gap; 104: Winding piece; 105: Winding coil; 106: First right-angled side; 107: Second right-angled side; 108: Fractal hole; 109: First conductor; 110: Core end point; 111: Coaxial connector; 112: Second conductor; 113: Fixed housing; 114: Flat end; 115: Tip; 116: Insulating layer; 117: Fixing ring;

[0042] 200: Antenna; 201: Cylindrical dipole arm;

[0043] 300: Drone. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To provide a more detailed understanding of the features and technical content of the embodiments of this disclosure, the implementation of the embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the embodiments of this disclosure. In the following technical description, for ease of explanation, several details are used to provide a full understanding of the disclosed embodiments. However, one or more embodiments may still be implemented without these details. In other cases, well-known structures and devices may be simplified in their depiction to simplify the drawings.

[0045] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this disclosure are intended to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence of events, so that embodiments of the present disclosure described herein may be included. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0046] In this disclosure, the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "middle," "outer," "front," and "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for better description of the embodiments of this disclosure and their implementations, and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements, or components to having a specific orientation, or to require them to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Furthermore, some of the aforementioned terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides orientation or positional relationship; for example, the term "upper" may in some cases indicate a dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in the embodiments of this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0047] Furthermore, the terms "set up," "connect," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this disclosure according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] Unless otherwise stated, the term "multiple" means two or more.

[0049] The term "and / or" describes an association between objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" means: A, or B, or A and B, these are three relationships.

[0050] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present disclosure can be combined with each other.

[0051] Combination Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a first aspect of this application provides a dipole antenna 100, including a body portion 101 and a winding structure 102. The winding structure 102 is disposed on the body portion 101, and a gap 103 exists between the winding structure 102 and the body portion 101. The winding structure 102 is formed by winding a winding sheet 104. The winding structure 102 includes a plurality of winding coils 105 arranged coaxially. The length of the body portion 101 is greater than the length of the winding structure 102.

[0052] In this embodiment, the body portion 101 can be the body of a drone 300, meaning the body of the drone 300 serves as one arm of the vibrator antenna 100. A winding structure 102 is disposed on the body portion 101, serving as the other arm of the vibrator antenna 100. By using the drone 300's body as part of the vibrator antenna 100, the size of the vibrator antenna 100 can be significantly increased, allowing it to meet the resonance condition and achieve higher radiation efficiency, thus enabling the detection of targets at greater distances. In this embodiment, the body portion 101 can be cylindrical, ellipsoidal, or slender oval, etc., with a large aspect ratio (length to diameter ratio), equivalent to a rod-shaped body. The body portion 101 is molded from carbon fiber material or formed by bonding multiple layers of fabric. Carbon fiber material has better strength and toughness (than glass fiber material) and is very lightweight.

[0053] In this embodiment, a gap 103 exists between the winding structure 102 and the body part 101 to prevent direct contact between them, thus achieving smooth power supply. In practical applications, the size of the gap 103 between the winding structure and the body part 101 can be adjusted according to the standing wave matching requirements.

[0054] In this embodiment, the winding structure 102 is formed by winding the winding sheet 104. The winding structure 102 includes a plurality of winding coils 105 arranged coaxially, which minimizes the size of the additional structure added to the UAV, reduces the impact on the aerodynamic performance of the UAV, and extends the current path through the gaps in the winding structure 102 to increase the equivalent electrical length, which helps to achieve better standing waves.

[0055] In this embodiment, the length of the body part 101 (e.g.) Figure 1 (As shown in C) is greater than the length of the winding structure 102 (e.g. Figure 1As shown in Figure B), the fuselage 101 serves as the long arm of the dipole antenna, while the winding structure 102 serves as the short arm. This allows the fuselage 101 and the winding structure 102 to form an asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna, achieving balanced feeding. This excites two resonant modes in the VHF band (UAV detection domain), thereby obtaining a wider standing wave ratio (SWR) through dual-mode resonance. This improves the gain of the dipole antenna 100 in the VHF band and increases the detection range of the UAV 300. By matching the winding structure 102 with the fuselage of the UAV 300 (as a metal ground), good SWR matching and broadband performance under dual-mode support can be achieved while maintaining the size of the dipole antenna 100 and achieving resonance. This forms a high-efficiency UAV fusion antenna, enabling a longer detection range. Moreover, good SWR matching can be achieved without the need for inductors, capacitors, or other loading elements.

[0056] In one possible implementation, the winding structure 102 is mounted on the body 101 via a support structure to provide structural strength and achieve overall stability of the vibrator antenna 100. The specific structure of the support structure is not limited and can be designed as needed.

[0057] In one possible implementation, the body portion 101 is provided with a cavity having an opening facing the winding structure 102. Since there is a gap 103 between the winding structure 102 and the body portion 101, the cavity inside the body portion 101 can be used to power the starting point of the winding structure 102 (i.e., the core end point 110).

[0058] In one possible implementation, the body section 101 is also provided with a window for placing the core circuitry.

[0059] Combination Figures 3 to 8 as well as Figures 12 to 14 As shown, in some embodiments, the shape of the winding sheet 104 includes a right-angled triangle. The winding sheet 104 includes a first right-angled side 106 and a second right-angled side 107. The winding structure 102 is fixed to the surface of the preset shape by the second right-angled side 107. The winding sheet 104 is formed by circumferentially winding around the axis of the preset shape, and one end of the winding structure 102 is formed as a flush end 114, and the other end is formed as a pointed end 115, with the flush end 114 facing the body portion 101.

[0060] In this embodiment, the shape of the winding sheet 104 includes a right-angled triangle, giving the winding sheet 104 a higher degree of freedom to form the winding structure 102. For example... Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The dashed triangle in the image is used to indicate the winding sheet 104. Figure 5The winding structure 102 is formed by winding the winding sheet 104. The winding sheet 104 is fixed to a surface of a predetermined shape by its second right-angled side 107. The winding sheet 104 is circumferentially wound around the axis of the predetermined shape to form the winding structure 102. Because the winding sheet 104 is a right-angled triangle, the end of the winding structure 102 facing the body portion 101 is formed as a flush end 114, and the end of the winding structure 102 away from the body portion 101 is formed as a pointed end 115. That is, the diameter of the flush end 114 is larger than the diameter of the pointed end 115 to obtain good wide-bandwidth performance.

[0061] It should be noted that the interior of the winding structure 102 is hollow; that is, the location of the preset shape is hollow. This embodiment uses the preset shape to illustrate the internal shape of the winding structure 102 and the winding formation process. (Combined with...) Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the preset shape is a cylinder. Combined with... Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the preset shape is a sheet-like rectangular shape.

[0062] Combination Figure 3 , Figure 4 as well as Figures 11 to 14 As shown, in some embodiments, the preset shape includes a cylindrical shape or a sheet-like rectangular shape.

[0063] In this embodiment, when the preset shape includes a cylindrical shape, the second right-angled side 107 of the winding sheet 104 is fixed to the surface of the cylindrical shape, and the winding sheet 104 is circumferentially wound around the axis of the cylindrical shape to form a winding structure 102. Figure 4 As shown, when the preset shape is a cylinder, the projection of the winding structure 102 onto the body 101 is a planar spiral. The number of turns 105 of the winding structure 102 can be an integer or a decimal. When the number of turns 105 of the winding structure 102 is a decimal, the rotation angle corresponding to the last turn of the planar spiral is the decimal part multiplied by 360° (the circumference of one turn of the winding structure 105).

[0064] In this embodiment, the sheet-like rectangular shape refers to a rectangular sheet with a certain thickness, or a strip shape with a rectangular radial cross-section, the radial cross-section being perpendicular to the length direction of the winding structure 102. The preset shape includes a sheet-like rectangular shape. The second right-angled side 107 of the winding sheet 104 is fixed to the surface of the sheet-like rectangular shape. The winding sheet 104 is circumferentially wound around the axis of the sheet-like rectangular shape to form the winding structure 102. For example... Figure 13As shown, the projection of the winding structure 102 onto the body section 101 is a rectangular spiral. The number of turns 105 of the winding structure 102 can be an integer or a decimal. When the number of turns 105 of the winding structure 102 is a decimal, it indicates that the outermost turn of the winding structure 102 is not a complete turn. It can be understood that in a rectangular spiral, the lengths of two adjacent sides may differ significantly; however, the total winding length of the rectangular spiral is the length of the first right-angled side 106 of the winding plate 104.

[0065] In one possible implementation, combining Figure 4 As shown, the winding sheet 104 is wound around a cylindrical shape with radius r to form a winding structure 102. The projection of the winding structure 102 onto the body part 101 is a planar spiral. The formula for calculating the length of the planar spiral is:

[0066]

[0067] In the formula, A is the length of the planar spiral (i.e., the length of the first right-angled side 106 of the winding plate 104). dr is the spacing between adjacent windings 105 (i.e., pitch), s is the independent variable, r is the radius of the cylindrical shape, and an is the number of windings 105. By using the formula for calculating the length of the planar helix, A, dr, an, and r can be adjusted to improve the application range of the dipole antenna 100 and enable it to achieve good broadband performance.

[0068] For example, the wound sheet 104 can be wound around a cylinder of radius r to form a wound structure 102. Combined with Figure 4 As shown, the interval between two adjacent winding turns 105 is dr. The number of turns 105 is an, where an may not be an integer. Figure 4 In this context, an is 7.25. Once the length (A) of the first right-angled side 106 of the winding piece 104 is determined, the smaller r and dr are, the larger an is. The smaller the diameter Ra of the final winding structure 102, the greater the length (B) of the winding structure 102 is, making the dipole antenna 100 a linearly polarized half-wave dipole antenna 100, and making the integration of the body part 101 and the winding structure 102 easier.

[0069] In one possible implementation, the winding sheet 104 is circumferentially wound around the axis of the rectangular sheet shape to form a winding structure 102. The projection of the winding structure 102 onto the body section 101 is a rectangular helix. In the radial section of the rectangular sheet shape, the length is 2a and the width is 2b. Taking the center of the radial section of the rectangular sheet shape as the origin O, the length of the radial section extends along the X-axis, and the width of the radial section extends along the X-axis. The formula for calculating the length of the rectangular helix is:

[0070]

[0071] In the formula, A is the length of the rectangular helix (i.e., the length of the first right-angled side 106 of the winding plate 104). a is half the length of the radial cross-section of the sheet-like rectangular body. b is half the width of the radial cross-section of the sheet-like rectangular body. drx is the spacing between adjacent windings 105 in the length direction (i.e., the X-axis direction) of the radial cross-section of the sheet-like rectangular body. dry is the spacing between adjacent windings 105 in the width direction (i.e., the Y-axis direction) of the radial cross-section of the sheet-like rectangular body. n is a variable. an is the number of turns of the winding plate 105. By using the formula for calculating the length of the rectangular helix, A, drx, an, and dry can be adjusted to improve the application range of the dipole antenna 100 and enable the dipole antenna 100 to achieve good broadband performance.

[0072] In practical applications, if an arc with a radius is provided at the turning point of the sheet-like rectangular shape, the calculation of the length of the rectangular spiral can be adjusted accordingly. For example, for each additional turn of the winding 105, the radius of the arc should increase by at least the thickness of the winding sheet 104. Furthermore, the increase in the radius of the arc is minimal during tight winding.

[0073] In the extreme case where the winding sheet 104 is directly folded, b can approach 0, and the minimum value of dry is the thickness of the winding sheet 104. For example, when the material of the winding sheet 104 is metal, dry is greater than the thickness of the winding sheet 104 to avoid metal interconnection, which would affect the performance of the dipole antenna 100. As another example, when the material of the winding sheet 104 is polyimide film, with a copper layer covering one side of the polyimide film, dry can be equal to the thickness of the winding sheet 104. In this case, the side covered with the copper layer faces outward to avoid conductive connections between the winding coils 105.

[0074] Combination Figure 5 As shown, since the winding piece 104 is a right-angled triangle, regardless of whether the projection of the winding structure 102 is a planar spiral or a rectangular spiral, the winding length changes from 0 to A (A is the length of the first right-angled side 106 of the winding piece 104) on the projection plane. Correspondingly, the height of the winding structure 102 changes from B (B is the length of the second right-angled side 107 of the winding piece 104) to 0. That is, the winding structure 102 is higher in the middle and lower at the outside. In other words, the height of the winding loop 105 is linearly related to the corresponding winding length, so that the outer surface of the winding structure 102 presents a stepped winding pattern, improving the standing wave matching effect.

[0075] A specific example of the winding process of the winding structure 102: the winding sheet 104 is circumferentially wound around the axis of the sheet-like rectangular shape to form the winding structure 102. The projection of the winding structure 102 onto the body 101 is a rectangular spiral. In the radial section of the sheet-like rectangular shape, the length is 2a and the width is 2b. Taking the center of the radial section of the sheet-like rectangular shape as the origin O, the length and width of the radial section extend along the X-axis. The second right-angled side 107 of the winding sheet 104 is fixed to the surface of the sheet-like rectangular shape and located at coordinates (a, b). The winding sheet 104 is circumferentially wound around the axis of the sheet-like rectangular shape (which can be understood as the origin of the radial section) in a counterclockwise direction to form the winding structure 102. In the X-axis direction, the distance between adjacent winding loops 105 is drx, and in the Y-axis direction, the distance between adjacent winding loops 105 is dry. Figure 14 As shown, the second right-angled side 107 of the winding sheet 104 is fixed at coordinate A1(a,b). The coordinates of the turning points during the winding process of the winding sheet 104 are as follows: A2(-a - drx, b), A3(-a - drx, -b - dry), A4(a + drx, -b - dry), B1(a + drx, b + dry), B2(-a - drx×2, b + dry), B3(-a - drx×2, -b - dry×2), B4(a + drx×2, -b - dry×2), C1(a + drx×2, b + dry×2), ..., M2(-a - drx×n, b + dry× (n-1)), M3(-a - drx×n, -b - dry× n), M4(a + drx×n, -b - dry× n), N1(a + (drx×n, b+ dry×n). In this example, A1, A2, A3, A4, B1, B2, B3, B4, C1, M2, M3, M4 and N1 are only for ease of description and are used to illustrate the coordinate positions of each turning point during the winding process of the winding sheet 104. They do not limit the number of turns of the winding structure 102 or the spacing between adjacent winding turns 105.

[0076] In some embodiments, the length of the first right-angled side 106 is greater than the length of the second right-angled side 107.

[0077] In this embodiment, the second right-angled side 107 of the winding sheet 104 is relatively fixed, and the first right-angled side 106 of the winding sheet 104 is wound, resulting in a winding structure 102 with a length approximately equal to the length of the second right-angled side 107. The length of the first right-angled side 106 is greater than the length of the second right-angled side 107, that is, the first right-angled side 106 is relatively longer to provide an additional current path. The second right-angled side 107 is relatively shorter to allow the winding structure 102 to better integrate with the body portion 101.

[0078] Furthermore, the length of the winding structure 102 is the length of the second right-angled side 107. The winding structure 102 and the body part 101 form an asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna, which can provide a line antenna operating mode. Specifically, in space-constrained situations, both the electric dipole of the line antenna and the magnetic dipole of the slot antenna only need to meet the resonant length requirement in one direction, and the electric dipole of the line antenna is smaller in size. In this embodiment, the size is effectively reduced by using the winding structure 102, and by combining the winding structure 102 with the body part 101, a sufficient resonant size is obtained, while minimizing the impact on the aerodynamic performance of the UAV 300.

[0079] In some embodiments, the ratio of the length of the first right-angled side 106 to the length of the second right-angled side 107 is 1.5 to 4.

[0080] In this embodiment, the length of the first right-angled side 106 is greater than the length of the second right-angled side 107. The smaller the length of the second right-angled side 107, the larger the ratio of the length of the first right-angled side 106 to the length of the second right-angled side 107. The length of the second right-angled side 107 (i.e., the length of the winding structure 102) is less than the length of the body part 101 (i.e., the equivalent length of the metallic ground) to obtain an asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna. By using a ratio of 1.5 to 4 for the length of the first right-angled side 106 to the length of the second right-angled side 107, the insufficiency of the length of the second right-angled side 107 can be effectively compensated, resulting in a well-matched asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna.

[0081] In this embodiment, it is considered that when the length of the second right-angled side 107 of the winding sheet 104 remains unchanged, the length of the first right-angled side 106 is further increased, and the spiral pattern of the winding structure 102 will gradually deteriorate in matching, eventually becoming a narrow band matching. Therefore, this embodiment achieves a wider standing wave matching by using a ratio of 1.5 to 4 between the length of the first right-angled side 106 and the length of the second right-angled side 107.

[0082] In one possible implementation, the ratio of the length of the first right-angled side 106 to the length of the second right-angled side 107 is 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 or 4.

[0083] In some embodiments, the length of the second right-angled side 107 is 0.1 to 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna 100.

[0084] In this embodiment, the length of the second right-angled side 107 is 0.1 to 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna 100, in coordination with the length of the first right-angled side 106, to obtain a wider bandwidth. The operating frequency band of the dipole antenna 100 can be the VHF band.

[0085] Furthermore, when the ratio of the length of the first right-angled side 106 to the length of the second right-angled side 107 is 1.5 to 4, and the length of the second right-angled side 107 is 0.1 to 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the vibrator antenna 100, the tighter the winding, the farther apart the two resonant points formed by the dual modes are, and a wider bandwidth can be obtained.

[0086] In one possible implementation, the length of the second right-angled side 107 is 0.1, 0.15, or 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna 100.

[0087] In some embodiments, the spacing between adjacent windings 105 is 0.003 to 0.015 times the length of the second right-angled side 107.

[0088] In this embodiment, the spacing between adjacent winding coils 105 is 0.003 to 0.015 times the length of the second right-angled side 107, making the length of the winding structure 102 much larger than its diameter, so that the winding structure 102 meets the requirements of a linearly polarized oscillator arm. Specifically, for a winding sheet 104 of the same size, the smaller the spacing between adjacent winding coils 105, the more turns of the winding coils 105, and the closer the overall winding structure 102 is to a rod shape, so that the length of the winding structure 102 is much larger than its diameter, thereby making the winding structure 102 meet the requirements of a linearly polarized oscillator arm.

[0089] In one possible implementation, the spacing between adjacent windings 105 is 0.003, 0.005, 0.01, or 0.015 times the length of the second right-angled side 107.

[0090] In some embodiments, the length of the body portion 101 is 0.2 to 0.4 times the operating wavelength of the vibrator antenna 100.

[0091] In this embodiment, the length of the body portion 101 is 0.2 to 0.4 times the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna 100. That is, the length of the body portion 101 is smaller than half the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna 100. The dipole antenna 100 is formed by the body portion 101 and the winding structure 102, which extends the electrical dimension. Without affecting the structural strength of the body portion 101, the gap of the winding structure 102 is used to extend the current path, effectively increasing the equivalent electrical length, widening the operating bandwidth of the dipole antenna 100, achieving wide standing wave matching, and improving radiation efficiency, thereby enhancing the communication and detection capabilities of the dipole antenna 100.

[0092] In a specific application example, the fuselage 101 and the winding structure 102 together form an asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna 100, which can provide a line antenna operating mode. The winding structure 102 can also provide a helical antenna mode. The length of the first right-angled side 106 of the winding plate 104 is A, the length of the second right-angled side 107 is B, and the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna 100 is λ. Where A=1.5B, B=0.187λ, and the length of the fuselage 101 is 0.315λ, the dipole antenna 100 achieves a wider standing wave ratio (SWR) matching, and the SWR diagram of the dipole antenna 100 is shown below. Figure 15 As shown. Figure 15 In the graph, the horizontal axis represents frequency in MHz, and the vertical axis represents return loss in dB.

[0093] Depend on Figure 15 It can be seen that within the frequency range of 65 MHz to 83 MHz, the return loss is less than -10dB. At this point, the bandwidth is: , In other words, through the synergistic effect of the body 101 and the winding structure 102, the vibrator antenna 100 can generate multiple overlapping resonant modes, while compensating for impedance, achieving good matching over a wider frequency range, and realizing wide standing wave matching.

[0094] Comparison examples, such as Figure 18 As shown, replacing the wound structure 102 of the dipole antenna 100 in the above example with a cylindrical dipole arm 201 results in antenna 200. The standing wave diagram of antenna 200 is shown below. Figure 19 As shown. Figure 19 In the frequency range of 118MHz to 124MHz, the return loss is less than -10dB, and the bandwidth is: , In other words, replacing the winding structure 102 of the dipole antenna 100 with the cylindrical dipole arm 201 cannot achieve wide standing wave matching.

[0095] Therefore, compared to the combination of the body part 101 and the cylindrical oscillator arm 201, this application can achieve better standing waves through the synergistic effect of the body part 101 and the winding structure 102.

[0096] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the winding sheet 104 is provided with one or more fractal holes 108. The fractal holes 108 are arranged in the winding sheet 104 according to a preset fractal geometry rule.

[0097] In this embodiment, one or more fractal holes 108 are provided on the winding sheet 104 to form more resonant points and reduce the lowest resonant frequency, thereby achieving a wider bandwidth matching.

[0098] In this embodiment, the preset fractal geometry rules are not limited. For example, when the shape of the winding sheet 104 is a right triangle and the shape of the fractal hole 108 is a right triangle, the fractal geometry rules can be based on the Sierpinski triangle.

[0099] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, the shape of the wound sheet 104 can be a complete right-angled triangular sheet.

[0100] For example, such as Figure 7 As shown, the wound sheet 104 is shaped like a right triangle, and a fractal hole 108 is provided at the center of the wound sheet 104. The fractal hole 108 is also shaped like a right triangle. The area of ​​the fractal hole 108 is approximately 1 / 4 of the area of ​​the wound sheet 104, and it is located at the center of the wound sheet 104, so that each side of the fractal hole has a right triangle region, which is a first-order fractal.

[0101] For example, such as Figure 8 As shown, the wound sheet 104 is shaped like a right triangle and has multiple fractal holes 108, each shaped like a right triangle. Following the first-order fractal method, a fractal hole 108 is placed at the center of each of the three right-angled triangular regions obtained after the first-order fractal, thus constituting a second-order fractal.

[0102] In some embodiments, the material of the winding sheet 104 includes metal or polyimide film material. When the material of the winding sheet 104 is polyimide film material, a copper layer is coated on one side of the surface of the winding sheet 104.

[0103] In this embodiment, the winding sheet 104 is a thin metal sheet or a polyimide film material sheet with a copper layer on one side, so that the winding sheet 104 can be wound to form a winding structure 102. The winding structure 102 also has plasticity; for example, a winding structure 102 with a preset cylindrical shape can be flattened to be equivalent to a winding structure 102 with a preset rectangular sheet shape. Furthermore, the multi-layered winding structure 102 still has a certain degree of flexibility and can be fitted to curved surfaces for installation.

[0104] It should be noted that the material of the winding sheet 104 can also be other flexible media materials, as long as they can realize the formation and function of the winding structure 102, and there is no limitation on this.

[0105] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 4As shown, the dipole antenna 100 also includes a first conductor 109, a second conductor 112, and an insulating layer 116. The first conductor 109 is disposed at the core end 110 of the winding structure 102. The second conductor 112 is connected to the body portion 101, and the first conductor 109 is disposed within the second conductor 112. The insulating layer 116 is disposed between the first conductor 109 and the second conductor 112 to prevent the first conductor 109 from contacting the second conductor 112.

[0106] In this embodiment, the first conductor 109 is disposed at the core end point 110 of the winding structure 102. That is, the first conductor 109 is disposed at the innermost end point on the side of the winding structure 102 facing the body portion 101, for transmitting radio frequency signals and achieving better matching, and obtaining a wider standing wave ratio due to dual-mode operation. The feed point can be the core end point 110 of the winding structure 102.

[0107] The second conductor 112 is located outside the first conductor 109. The second conductor 112 is used to shield external electromagnetic interference and serve as a signal return path. Specifically, the second conductor 112 is coaxially arranged with the first conductor 109.

[0108] The insulating layer 116 is disposed between the first conductor 109 and the second conductor 112 to prevent the first conductor 109 from contacting the second conductor 112, allowing the signal to be transmitted efficiently along the first conductor 109. It also supports the first conductor 109, ensuring that the second conductor 112 is approximately coaxial with the first conductor 109, thus improving signal transmission quality. In this embodiment, the material of the insulating layer 116 is not limited; for example, it can be polyethylene (PE).

[0109] In practical applications, the inner conductor of the RF cable can serve as the first conductor 109, and the outer conductor can serve as the second conductor 112. An insulating layer 116 is provided between the first conductor 109 and the second conductor 112 to enable the vibrator antenna 100 to transmit RF signals. Specifically, one end of the RF cable is connected to an active device (e.g., a digital transceiver module) inside the fuselage 101 (the fuselage of the UAV 300). The inner conductor of the other end of the RF cable is soldered to the core end 110 of the winding structure 102 to form the first conductor 109. The outer conductor of the RF cable serves as the second conductor 112 and is connected to the fuselage 101. In practical applications, the length of the RF cable can be shortened to achieve weight reduction.

[0110] During assembly, the inner conductor of the RF cable is soldered to the core end 110 to form the first conductor 109. The winding structure 102, carrying the RF cable, is assembled with the body part 101, and a gap 103 is maintained between the body part 101 and the winding structure 102 to facilitate installation when the gap 103 is small. The RF cable passes through the body part 101. When the material of the body part 101 is carbon fiber, conductive adhesive can be added and dried to make the connection between the outer conductor of the RF cable and the body part 101 more reliable. For example, the outer conductor of the RF cable can pass through a pre-set hole in the body part 101, and the outer conductor of the RF cable can be well connected to the surface of the body part 101 by means of clips or conductive adhesive.

[0111] In one possible implementation, the dipole antenna 100 further includes a coaxial connector 111 and an RF cable. The coaxial connector 111 is disposed in the body section 101. One end of the RF cable is connected to an active device inside the body section 101, and the other end of the RF cable is connected to the coaxial connector 111. The inner conductor of the coaxial connector 111 serves as a first conductor 109 and is connected to the core end point 110 of the winding structure 102. The outer conductor of the coaxial connector 111 serves as a second conductor 112 and is connected to the body section 101.

[0112] In this embodiment, the coaxial connector 111 is disposed on the body part 101. Specifically, the coaxial connector 111 is disposed on the side of the body part 101 near the winding structure 102.

[0113] In this embodiment, the body section 101 and the winding structure 102 form an asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna 100, which can be fed using the cavity of the body section 101 (i.e., equivalently). One end of the RF cable is connected to an active device (e.g., a digital transceiver module) inside the body section 101 (the body of the UAV 300), and the other end of the RF cable is connected to a coaxial connector 111. The inner conductor of the RF cable is connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial connector 111, and the outer conductor of the RF cable is connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial connector 111. The inner conductor of the coaxial connector 111 serves as a first conductor 109 and is connected to the core end point 110 of the winding structure 102. The outer conductor of the coaxial connector 111 serves as a second conductor 112 and is connected to the body section 101 to achieve signal transmission.

[0114] In a specific application example, when the end of the body portion 101 facing the winding structure 102 is flat, the first conductor 109 can pass through the gap 103 between the body portion 101 and the winding structure 102, and the first conductor 109 is connected to the winding structure 102 to achieve power supply.

[0115] In another specific application example, when the end of the body section 101 facing the winding structure 102 is pointed, part of the pointed end can be removed. After removing part of the pointed end, when the part of the body section 101 facing the winding structure 102 is non-metallic, the body section 101 can partially overlap with the winding structure 102. That is, the winding structure 102 can partially extend into the cavity of the body section 101, and there is a gap 103 between the winding structure 102 and the body section 101. At this time, a metal or carbon fiber floor can be added, and the floor is connected to the carbon fiber part of the body section 101. In conjunction with the first conductor 109 and the second conductor 112, power can be fed from inside the body section 101. It should be noted that in actual applications, the metal part of the body section 101 cannot overlap with the winding structure 102 to avoid blocking the radiation of the winding structure 102.

[0116] In some embodiments, combined with Figures 9 to 11 As shown, the dipole antenna 100 also includes tape, a fixing housing 113, or a fixing plate. The tape is used to fix the outermost winding 105 to adjacent windings 105. Alternatively, the fixing housing 113 defines a fixing cavity, within which the winding structure 102 is disposed. The inner wall of the fixing housing 113 has a fixing groove that engages with the outer wall of the winding structure 102. The fixing plate is disposed at the flush end 114 of the winding structure 102, and the fixing plate includes a spiral groove that engages with the flush end 114 of the winding structure 102.

[0117] In this embodiment, the outermost winding coil 105 is fixed to the adjacent winding coil 105 with adhesive tape to fix the shape of the winding structure 102. The winding structure 102 is disposed in the fixing cavity of the fixing housing 113 and fits into the fixing groove of the fixing housing 113 to fix the shape of the winding structure 102. The spiral groove of the fixing plate fits into the flush end 114 of the winding structure 102 to fix the shape of the winding structure 102.

[0118] In practical applications, the spacing between adjacent winding coils 105 of the winding structure 102 is small, making welding difficult. Therefore, the winding structure 102 is shaped using tape, a fixing housing 113, or a fixing plate to reduce processing difficulty. After the winding structure 102 is manufactured, the first conductor 109 can be welded to the starting point (core end point 110) of the winding structure 102, and then the winding structure 102 can be installed on the body part 101. At this time, a support structure can be used to support the winding structure 102 so that there is a gap 103 between the body part 101 and the winding structure 102.

[0119] For example, the winding sheet 104 can be wound around a cylinder with radius r to form a winding structure 102. The interval between two adjacent winding loops 105 is dr, and the thickness of the winding sheet 104 is t. The thickness of the winding sheet 104 occupies the space between the two adjacent winding loops 105. If dr = t, the winding sheet 104 is wound directly. After the winding structure 102 is formed, the tail end of the winding sheet 104 is fixed with tape. At this time, the winding structure 102 is tightly wound, which can achieve structural integration and good stability of the entire structure. If dr > t, a flexible plate (e.g., a foam board) with the same shape and size as the winding sheet 104 can be prepared. The flexible plate is stacked with the winding sheet 104, and the winding sheet 104 and the flexible plate are wound together to form the winding structure 102, wherein the thickness of the flexible plate is dr - t. For example, in the VHF band, the length B of the second right-angled side 107 of the wound piece 104 is approximately 80 cm, and the pitch (dr) between two adjacent windings 105 can be reduced to about 1.5 mm while still maintaining dual-mode matching and achieving broadband matching. The tighter the winding, the shorter the length of the first right-angled side 106 that forms the dual-mode matching. When the pitch is greater than the thickness of the wound piece 104, a flexible plate can be wound together with the wound piece 104 to form a stable structure. Compared to the solution of a fixed housing 113 and a fixed plate, this reduces costs and weight.

[0120] For example, in combination Figure 9 As shown, the fixed housing 113 can be manufactured by 3D printing. The inner wall of the fixed housing 113 is provided with a fixing groove corresponding to the outer shape of the winding structure 102. After the winding structure 102 is placed into the fixed housing 113, the self-restoring elasticity of the winding structure 102 can make the fixing groove fit into the outer wall of the winding structure 102 to maintain the shape of the winding structure 102.

[0121] For example, a spiral groove can be etched into the fixing plate, the shape and size of which correspond to the flush end 114 of the winding structure 102, to constrain the winding structure 102 and maintain its shape. In this case, the first conductor 109 can pass through the fixing plate and connect to the winding structure 102.

[0122] In one possible implementation, combining Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, a retaining ring 117 is fitted onto the winding structure 102 to maintain the shape of the winding structure 102.

[0123] Combination Figures 1 to 17 As shown, a second aspect of this application provides a drone 300, including the aforementioned vibrator antenna 100.

[0124] The drone 300 in this embodiment includes the aforementioned vibrating antenna 100, which can increase the detection range. The technical effects of the vibrating antenna 100 are described in the foregoing embodiments of this application and will not be repeated here.

[0125] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 16 As shown, the drone 300 includes a folding-wing drone 300.

[0126] In this embodiment, combined with Figure 17 As shown, the UAV 300 includes a compound wing UAV 300.

[0127] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application. The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A dipole antenna, characterized in that, include: Body section; A winding structure is disposed on the body part and there is a gap between the body part and the body part. The winding structure is formed by winding a winding sheet and includes multiple winding loops arranged coaxially. The winding structure is disposed on the body part by a support structure. The end of the winding structure facing the body part is formed as a flush end, and the end of the winding structure away from the body part is formed as a pointed end. Wherein, the length of the body part is greater than the length of the winding structure, the body part serves as the long dipole arm, and the winding structure serves as the short dipole arm, so that the body part and the winding structure together form an asymmetric half-wave dipole antenna; The dipole antenna also includes: The first conductor is disposed at the core end of the winding structure; The second conductor is connected to the body part, and the first conductor is disposed inside the second conductor; An insulating layer is disposed between the first conductor and the second conductor to prevent the first conductor from contacting the second conductor.

2. The dipole antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the winding sheet includes a right-angled triangle, and the winding sheet includes a first right-angled side and a second right-angled side; The winding structure is formed by fixing the second right-angled side to the surface of the preset shape. The winding sheet is formed by circumferentially winding around the axis of the preset shape, and one end of the winding structure is formed as a flat end and the other end is formed as a pointed end, with the flat end facing the body part.

3. The dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preset shape includes a cylindrical shape or a sheet-like rectangular shape.

4. The dipole antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The length of the first right-angled side is greater than the length of the second right-angled side; and / or, The ratio of the length of the first right-angled side to the length of the second right-angled side is between 1.5 and 4; and / or, The length of the second right-angled side is 0.1 to 0.2 times the operating wavelength of the dipole antenna; and / or, The spacing between adjacent windings is 0.003 to 0.015 times the length of the second right-angled side.

5. The dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The winding sheet is provided with one or more fractal holes, which are arranged at the position of the winding sheet according to a preset fractal geometry rule.

6. The dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The material of the wound sheet includes metal or polyimide film material; When the material of the winding sheet is a polyimide film material, one side of the surface of the winding sheet is covered with a copper layer.

7. The dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The length of the body section is 0.2 to 0.4 times the operating wavelength of the vibrator antenna.

8. The dipole antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Also includes: Adhesive tape, used to secure the outermost coil to the adjacent coil; or, A fixed housing defines a fixed cavity, and the winding structure is disposed within the fixed cavity. The inner wall of the fixed housing is provided with a fixing groove, which is fitted with the outer wall of the winding structure. or, A fixing plate is disposed at the flush end of the winding structure, and includes a spiral groove that engages with the flush end of the winding structure.

9. A drone, characterized in that, include: The vibrating antenna as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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