Gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology

Abstract

The invention relates to a gateway device based on the Internet of Things communication technology, and belongs to the technical field of the Internet of Things, and the gateway device based on the Internet of Things communication technology comprises a main control module, an intranet communication module, a protocol conversion module, an extranet communication module, a power management module and a data caching module. A task allocation algorithm is arranged in the main control module and is used for allocating system operation resources; the protocol conversion module is used for automatically identifying and judging the protocol type adopted by the access equipment; the external network communication module is used for monitoring an external network connection state in real time; the power supply management module can automatically switch power supply modes according to the condition of an external power supply; the data caching module can temporarily store data to be processed. According to the invention, interconnection and intercommunication between Internet of Things devices can be efficiently and stably realized, the method is suitable for complex and changeable network environments and diversified device access requirements, and a powerful guarantee is provided for reliable operation of an Internet of Things system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of Internet of Things, and in particular relates to a gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology. Background Art

[0002] The Internet of Things (IoT) is an information carrier based on the internet, traditional telecommunications networks, and other technologies. It's the "Internet of Everything," an extension and expansion of the internet. Using various devices and technologies, including information sensors, radio frequency identification (RFID), global positioning systems (GPS), infrared sensors, and laser scanners, it collects real-time information about any object or process that requires monitoring, connection, or interaction, including acoustic, optical, thermal, electrical, mechanical, chemical, biological, and location information. Through various network access options, it enables ubiquitous connectivity between objects and between objects and people, enabling intelligent perception, identification, and management of objects and processes.

[0003] The IoT Gateway is a key component in the IoT ecosystem. Located between IoT devices and cloud services, it is responsible for data collection, processing, transmission, and management. It can aggregate data from different sensors and devices and pre-process the data before sending it to the cloud, thereby improving the efficiency and security of data transmission.

[0004] With the rapid development of IoT technology, an increasing number of devices are connected to the IoT, enabling intelligent control and data exchange. IoT gateways, as the key hub connecting the perception layer and the network layer, undertake numerous important functions, including data aggregation, protocol conversion, and device management. Traditional gateway devices are increasingly exposed to numerous shortcomings when faced with massive device influx, diverse communication protocols, and complex network environments. For example, some gateways have limited data processing capabilities, making them prone to data congestion, delays, and even loss in highly concurrent data transmission scenarios. Some gateways only support a few fixed communication protocols, making them incompatible with emerging IoT devices and their specialized protocols. Furthermore, existing gateways lack network adaptability. When network signals fluctuate or when switching between different network types (such as from WiFi to cellular networks), they cannot maintain stable and reliable communication connections, severely impacting the overall performance and user experience of IoT systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new, high-performance, and adaptable gateway device based on IoT communication technology to meet the growing demand for IoT applications.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology in order to solve the above problems.

[0007] The present disclosure achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology, including a main control module, an intranet communication module, a protocol conversion module, an extranet communication module, a power management module and a data cache module;

[0009] The main control module is equipped with a task allocation algorithm for allocating system computing resources according to the priority of different tasks and the real-time resource occupancy. The main control module is equipped with an edge computing module to complete simple data processing and analysis tasks on the gateway side.

[0010] The protocol conversion module is provided with a protocol conversion algorithm for automatically identifying and determining the protocol type adopted by the access device, and calling the corresponding conversion rules to realize the conversion between different protocol data;

[0011] The external network communication module is used to monitor the external network connection status in real time and has a built-in network switching strategy. When it detects that the current network quality is poor, it switches to other available networks according to preset rules;

[0012] The power management module has intelligent control functions and can automatically switch the power supply mode according to the external power supply situation; it can also dynamically adjust the power supply voltage and current according to the workload of each module of the gateway;

[0013] The data cache module adopts a dynamic allocation cache space technology to automatically adjust the cache partition according to the data flow size, transmission frequency and priority to temporarily store the data to be processed.

[0014] As a further optimization solution of the present disclosure, the task allocation algorithm adopts a hybrid scheduling strategy based on time slice rotation and priority preemption; tasks with high real-time requirements are given the highest priority. Once such tasks enter the queue, the current low-priority tasks are immediately suspended and the highest-priority tasks are processed first; for ordinary data tasks, processing resources are fairly allocated according to time slices, and each task takes turns occupying processor resources within the specified time slice.

[0015] As a further optimization solution of the present disclosure, the main control module is also provided with a task prediction mechanism, which introduces a machine learning model to optimize task scheduling. Based on historical task data and the current system status, it predicts the arrival probability and resource requirements of various types of tasks in a preset time period in the future, and optimizes resource reservation and allocation in advance.

[0016] The main control module is also equipped with a task feedback mechanism, which dynamically adjusts the priority and time slice size of the task according to the actual resource usage and completion time after the task is executed; in a multi-core processor environment, considering the affinity of the task, related tasks are assigned to adjacent cores as much as possible for execution.

[0017] As a further optimization solution of the present disclosure, the interface circuit of each module in the intranet communication module is provided with isolation protection to isolate electrical interference between different interfaces.

[0018] As a further optimization solution of the present disclosure, the protocol conversion algorithm includes:

[0019] When the source protocol is identified as a custom binary protocol, the binary data is first read in segments according to the preset byte order parsing rules, and an intermediate data structure is constructed based on the key information carried in the protocol header. Then, through the predefined mapping table, each field in the intermediate data structure is converted into the subject and message payload format corresponding to the target protocol.

[0020] For text-based protocol conversion, regular expression matching technology is first used to extract key elements from the original protocol. Then, according to the format specifications of the target protocol, the extracted elements are recombined and encapsulated to generate a request or response message that conforms to the target protocol.

[0021] At the same time, a protocol conversion log is established to record detailed information of each conversion for subsequent troubleshooting and data analysis.

[0022] As a further optimization solution of the present disclosure, the network switching strategy comprehensively considers network cost, power consumption and data transmission requirements;

[0023] During the switching process, pre-connection technology is used to establish a connection with the target network in advance to shorten the network switching time and reduce the duration of data interruption.

[0024] As a further optimization solution of the present disclosure, the external network communication module is provided with a network quality assessment model, which comprehensively considers signal strength, network delay, packet loss rate and bandwidth utilization, and calculates a quality score for each external network in real time; dynamically adjusts the network switching threshold based on the quality score, and triggers network switching when the network quality score falls below the set dynamic threshold;

[0025] At the same time, a smooth switching algorithm is adopted during the switching process.

[0026] As a further optimization solution of the present disclosure, the power management module is provided with a battery power monitoring and early warning function;

[0027] The battery power is monitored in real time through a high-precision power detection chip. When the battery power is lower than the set threshold, an early warning signal is sent to the main control module to remind the user to charge or replace the battery in time. At the same time, the power consumption of non-critical modules is automatically reduced to ensure that the gateway device can still maintain basic operation when the battery is low.

[0028] As a further optimization solution of the present disclosure, the data cache module is connected to the main control module and the protocol conversion module using a high-speed parallel bus;

[0029] The data cache module is provided with a large-capacity high-speed cache chip, and the large-capacity high-speed cache chip is provided with an error checking unit, which uses a checking algorithm to detect the integrity of the cached data in real time; when erroneous data is found, the main control module is notified to perform retransmission or error correction processing.

[0030] As a further optimization solution of the present disclosure, it also includes a security encryption module, which is provided with an encryption algorithm for providing end-to-end encryption services for all data flows entering and leaving the gateway.

[0031] As a further optimization solution of the present disclosure, it further includes a security protection module, which is used for identity authentication, access control, intrusion detection and log auditing. As a further optimization solution of the present disclosure, it further includes a security protection module.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present disclosure are:

[0033] 1. Efficient data processing capability: The main control module uses a high-performance multi-core processor and task allocation algorithm, combined with the large-capacity cache of the data cache module and the high-speed connection bus between modules. It can quickly and accurately process massive IoT data in high-concurrency data transmission scenarios, effectively avoiding data congestion, delay and loss, and greatly improving the data processing efficiency of the IoT system;

[0034] 2. Extensive device compatibility: The rich and diverse intranet communication modules and the massive communication protocol library and intelligent protocol recognition engine built into the protocol conversion module make the gateway device compatible with almost all common IoT devices on the market. Whether it is traditional devices using protocols such as WiFi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, or niche devices using emerging or custom protocols, they can all be successfully connected and realize data interaction, greatly expanding the application scope of the IoT system;

[0035] 3. Excellent network adaptability: The external network communication module monitors network status in real time and combines flexible and diverse network switching strategies to ensure that the gateway device can maintain stable and reliable communication connections in various complex network environments. Whether it is WiFi signal fluctuations, changes in cellular networks caused by base station switching, or on-demand switching between different network types, it can ensure uninterrupted data transmission, providing a solid network foundation for IoT applications.

[0036] 4. Low power consumption and long battery life: The power management module's intelligent power control function and battery power monitoring and early warning mechanism can dynamically adjust power consumption according to actual working conditions; while ensuring the normal operation of the gateway, it minimizes energy consumption and extends battery power supply time. It is especially suitable for IoT application scenarios where frequent battery replacement is inconvenient or the external power supply is unstable, reducing operation and maintenance costs and usage barriers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 2 is a task allocation flow chart in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a protocol conversion flow chart in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present application will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to point out that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technicians in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, a gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology includes a main control module, an intranet communication module, a protocol conversion module, an extranet communication module, a power supply module and a data cache module.

[0042] The main control module serves as the core control unit of the gateway device and is equipped with a high-performance multi-core processor. It is responsible for controlling each module and performing overall scheduling and data processing.

[0043] The main control module is equipped with a task allocation algorithm; according to the priority of different tasks and the real-time resource usage, it rationally allocates system computing resources to ensure rapid response of key data. Figure 2As shown, the schedule tasks method is called to determine whether the task list is empty. If so, it ends directly; if not, the task list is obtained to determine whether the processor load combined with the task resource requirements is not greater than the maximum load. If so, the processor load is increased, the task is executed, and then the task list is updated. It is then determined whether there are any tasks. If there are no tasks, it ends directly; if not, the task waits or is scheduled to other processors, and then the task list is updated.

[0044] The main control module is equipped with an edge computing module; some simple data processing and analysis tasks are completed on the gateway side, reducing the burden on the cloud server and improving the response speed of the entire IoT system.

[0045] For example, for data collected by temperature sensors, the gateway device can pre-set the temperature threshold. When it detects that the temperature exceeds the threshold, it directly generates an alarm message locally and sends the alarm signal to the designated device or user terminal. There is no need to upload a large amount of raw data to the cloud for processing, which greatly shortens the processing time.

[0046] The intranet communication module is equipped with WiFi module, Bluetooth module, ZigBee module, LoRa module, etc. to meet the access requirements of different IoT devices; and each module is equipped with an independent transceiver chip and has a hardware-level data buffering function, which can effectively reduce the probability of conflict during data transmission and improve the stability and rate of interface data transmission.

[0047] The WiFi module adopts a dual-band design, supporting 2.4G and 5G frequency bands, which can meet the needs of high-speed data transmission and is suitable for connecting smart home devices, security cameras, etc.

[0048] Low-power Bluetooth technology enables fast pairing and data transmission with various Bluetooth sensors, smart wearable devices, etc.

[0049] ZigBee chip, with low power consumption and high reliability, can support up to hundreds of ZigBee devices to access simultaneously;

[0050] The LoRa module has the characteristics of long-distance transmission and low power consumption, and has broad application prospects in the fields of industrial Internet of Things, agricultural Internet of Things, etc. It can connect various sensor nodes to realize remote data collection.

[0051] The protocol conversion module is equipped with a communication protocol library, covering mainstream IoT protocols (such as MQTT, CoAP, HTTP, etc.) as well as custom protocols of many device manufacturers; the protocol conversion module is equipped with a protocol conversion algorithm to automatically identify and determine the protocol type used by the access device, and call the corresponding conversion rules to achieve seamless conversion between different protocol data.

[0052] The intelligent task allocation algorithm in the main control module adopts a hybrid scheduling strategy based on time slice rotation and priority preemption. Tasks with extremely high real-time requirements, such as emergency alarm data transmission, are given the highest priority. Once such tasks enter the queue, the current low-priority tasks are immediately suspended and the emergency tasks are processed first. For ordinary data tasks, processing resources are fairly allocated according to time slices. Each task takes turns occupying processor resources within the specified time slice to ensure the overall operating efficiency of the system.

[0053] A task prediction mechanism is also set up in the main control module.

[0054] Machine learning models are introduced to optimize task scheduling. Based on historical task data and current system status, the arrival probability and resource requirements of various types of tasks in the future are predicted, allowing for proactive resource reservation and allocation optimization. For example, for periodic high-priority tasks, system resource allocation can be adjusted in advance to reduce task waiting time.

[0055] A task feedback mechanism is also set up; according to the actual resource usage and completion time after the task is executed, the priority and time slice size of the task are dynamically adjusted to better adapt to changes in the system operation status.

[0056] In addition, in a multi-core processor environment, considering the affinity of tasks, related tasks are assigned to adjacent cores as much as possible to reduce inter-core communication overhead and improve task execution efficiency.

[0057] The interface circuits of each module in the intranet communication module are equipped with isolation protection to isolate the electrical interference between different interfaces at the hardware level, preventing abnormalities in a certain interface (such as electrostatic shock, short circuit, etc.) from affecting the normal operation of other interfaces and the entire gateway device; at the same time, each module is equipped with a status indicator light to facilitate operation and maintenance personnel to quickly troubleshoot faults.

[0058] The protocol conversion module uses the following protocol conversion algorithms, such as Figure 3 As shown:

[0059] Call the convert method and check the source protocol;

[0060] When the source protocol is identified as a custom binary protocol: first, the binary data is read in segments according to the preset byte order parsing rules, and an intermediate data structure is constructed based on the key information carried in the protocol header (such as device identification, data type code, etc.); then, through the predefined mapping table, each field in the intermediate data structure is converted into the topic (Topic) and message payload (Payload) format corresponding to the target protocol (such as MQTT protocol).

[0061] It should be noted that during the conversion process, corresponding encoding conversion functions are used for different data types (integer, floating-point, character, etc.) to ensure data accuracy; for example, for floating-point data, a specific precision-preserving algorithm is used for conversion to avoid data precision loss.

[0062] For text-based protocol conversion: for example, from HTTP to CoAP; first use regular expression matching technology to extract key elements such as the request method, URL path, request header information, and body content in the HTTP protocol; then, according to the format specifications of the CoAP protocol, the extracted elements are recombined and encapsulated to generate a request or response message that complies with the CoAP protocol.

[0063] Among them, the path compression algorithm is used for the conversion of URL paths to remove unnecessary redundant information to meet the CoAP protocol's requirement for simplicity in resource identification; for some common fields in the request header, such as Content-Type, Content-Length, etc., they are converted or adapted according to the corresponding rules of the CoAP protocol.

[0064] In addition, during the protocol conversion process, the protocol conversion module performs semantic integrity verification on the converted data to ensure that the meaning of the data does not deviate during the conversion process of different protocols; at the same time, a protocol conversion log is established to record detailed information of each conversion, including source protocol, target protocol, conversion time, data volume, etc., for subsequent troubleshooting and data analysis.

[0065] The external network communication module is equipped with a variety of external network communication modules.

[0066] The external network communication module is equipped with a WiFi module, a 4G / 5G communication module, and an RJ45 module.

[0067] The external network communication module monitors the external network connection status in real time, including parameters such as signal strength, network delay, and packet loss rate.

[0068] The external network communication module sets a network switching strategy. When it detects that the current network quality is poor, such as a weak WiFi signal or severe packet loss, it switches to other available networks (such as 4G / 5G networks) according to preset rules to ensure the continuity of data transmission. In addition, during the network switching process, caching technology is used to ensure that data is not lost, and the network connection is quickly restored through a reconnection mechanism.

[0069] The network switching strategy of the external network communication module comprehensively considers factors such as network cost, power consumption, and data transmission requirements. For example, in scenarios with low data volume and low real-time requirements, WiFi networks are preferred to reduce power consumption. When high-speed and stable transmission of large amounts of data is required, if the WiFi network cannot meet the requirements, the 5G network is switched. In addition, during the switching process, a connection with the target network is established in advance through pre-connection technology, shortening the network switching time and reducing the duration of data interruption.

[0070] The external network communication module is equipped with a network quality assessment model. It comprehensively considers multiple parameters such as signal strength, network delay, packet loss rate, and bandwidth utilization to calculate a quality score for each external network in real time. The network switching threshold is dynamically adjusted according to the score. When the network quality score is lower than the set dynamic threshold, the network switching is triggered. At the same time, a smooth switching algorithm is used during the switching process. For example, a new network connection is established first, and then the weight of the old network connection is gradually reduced until it is completely switched to the new network, thereby reducing data packet loss and transmission interruption during the switching process.

[0071] The power management module is provided with a mains connection and an emergency battery.

[0072] The power management module is equipped with intelligent control functions; it can automatically switch the power supply mode according to the external power supply situation; it can also dynamically adjust the power supply voltage and current according to the workload of each module of the gateway, while ensuring the normal operation of the device, minimizing power consumption and extending the device's battery life.

[0073] The power management module is equipped with battery power monitoring and early warning functions. It monitors the battery power in real time through a high-precision power detection chip. When the battery power is lower than the set threshold, it sends an early warning signal to the main control module to remind the user to charge or replace the battery in time. At the same time, it automatically reduces the power consumption of non-critical modules to ensure that the gateway device can still maintain basic operation for a period of time when the power is insufficient, avoiding data loss due to sudden power outages.

[0074] The data cache module is equipped with a large-capacity high-speed cache chip; the data cache module adopts dynamic allocation of cache space technology, automatically adjusts the cache partition according to the data flow size, transmission frequency and priority, temporarily stores the data to be processed, and avoids data loss caused by mismatch of data processing speed of upstream and downstream modules.

[0075] The data cache module is connected to the main control module and the protocol conversion module using a high-speed parallel bus. The data transmission bandwidth is as high as several Gbps, which greatly improves the reading and writing speed of data between modules. The large-capacity cache chip is equipped with an error checking unit, which uses CRC and other verification algorithms to detect the integrity of the cached data in real time. Once erroneous data is found, the main control module is promptly notified for retransmission or error correction.

[0076] The gateway device also includes a security encryption module; the security encryption module is equipped with multiple encryption algorithms to provide end-to-end encryption services for all data flows in and out of the gateway, ensuring the security of user data.

[0077] This module uses advanced encryption algorithms, such as AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and RSA (asymmetric encryption algorithm), to encrypt the transmitted data. At the data sending end, the original data is encrypted according to the encryption algorithm to generate ciphertext data. At the data receiving end, the ciphertext data is restored to the original data through the corresponding decryption algorithm to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data during transmission.

[0078] The gateway device also includes a security protection module.

[0079] The security protection module is set up with:

[0080] Identity verification: Use digital certificates, two-factor authentication, and other methods to confirm the legitimacy of the access device;

[0081] Access control: Limit which devices and services can access each other based on preset rules;

[0082] Intrusion detection: Deploy IDS / IPS (Intrusion Detection System / Prevention System) to promptly detect and prevent potential attacks;

[0083] Log audit: Records all important operational events to facilitate post-analysis and accountability.

[0084] For example, a digital certificate-based authentication mechanism is used to authenticate IoT devices connected to the gateway device. Each IoT device needs to provide its digital certificate before accessing the gateway. The gateway device confirms the legitimacy of the device by verifying the validity of the digital certificate, preventing illegal devices from accessing the network, thereby ensuring the security of the entire IoT system.

[0085] When using:

[0086] After the gateway device is started, the main control module first performs initialization operations, loads the drivers of each module, reads the system configuration information, and determines the initial working status;

[0087] When an IoT device attempts to connect to the gateway, all modules in the intranet communication module are in a listening state. For example, if a smart sensor using the Bluetooth protocol approaches the gateway, the Bluetooth module captures the connection request signal through the signal detection circuit and immediately sends an interrupt signal to the main control module. After the main control module responds to the interrupt, it starts the Bluetooth connection program and completes the pairing and connection process with the sensor. After the connection is successful, the sensor begins to send data to the gateway. The data first enters the buffer area of the intranet communication module, which temporarily stores the data according to the FIFO (first-in-first-out) principle of the hardware buffer chip, and then transmits it to the data cache module via a high-speed parallel bus.

[0088] The data cache module dynamically allocates cache space to newly received Bluetooth data based on the current system load and data priority. If the network bandwidth is limited and the protocol conversion module is busy processing data converted by other high-priority tasks, the newly received Bluetooth data cannot be converted immediately. The data cache module will store this data in the corresponding cache partition and wait for subsequent processing.

[0089] The main control module monitors the working status of each module in real time through polling or interrupt triggering. Once it finds that there is data waiting to be processed in the data cache module and the protocol conversion module is idle, it immediately notifies the protocol conversion module to process the data. The protocol conversion module reads the cached data, starts the protocol conversion algorithm, determines that the data comes from a Bluetooth device and uses a Bluetooth custom data format, and converts the data into MQTT format based on the built-in Bluetooth-MQTT conversion rules. During the conversion process, not only is the data format adjusted, but a semantic verification algorithm is also used to ensure that the meaning of the data remains unchanged. After the conversion, the data is stored again in the specific output buffer area of the data cache module, waiting to be sent by the external network communication module.

[0090] The external network communication module samples the network status at regular intervals (e.g., 100ms), collecting parameters such as WiFi signal strength, 4G / 5G network latency, and wired connection status. Assuming the current gateway primarily relies on WiFi to connect to the external network (the Internet), and during the detection process, it is found that the WiFi signal strength drops sharply and the packet loss rate exceeds the set threshold, the external network communication module determines that it is time to switch to the 4G / 5G network based on the built-in network switching strategy. First, a network switching request is sent to the main control module. The external network communication module activates the 4G / 5G module, completes network initialization and configuration, and establishes a connection with the operator's network. After the connection is successful, data transmission is resumed. The entire switching process is completed within seconds, minimizing the impact on data interaction in the IoT system.

[0091] During the operation of the gateway device, the power management module monitors the power status throughout the process; if the mains power is initially used for power supply, when the mains power is suddenly cut off, the power management module quickly senses it through the power outage detection circuit and switches to battery power mode; at the same time, a power switching notification is sent to the main control module; the main control module adjusts the system power consumption strategy according to the notification, reduces the power consumption of non-critical modules (such as some low-priority communication interfaces), and ensures that the gateway can maintain the operation of critical services under battery power; and the power management module continuously monitors the battery power. When the power is lower than the warning threshold (such as 20%), on the one hand, a low power warning is issued by flashing the indicator light, and on the other hand, the system power consumption is further reduced, and some secondary functional modules are turned off until the power is exhausted or the mains power is restored;

[0092] Through the collaborative work of the above modules, the gateway device based on IoT communication technology disclosed in the present invention can efficiently and stably realize the interconnection between IoT devices, adapt to the complex and changing network environment and diverse device access requirements, and provide strong guarantees for the reliable operation of the IoT system.

[0093] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present disclosure, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art would be able to make numerous variations and improvements without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology, characterized in that: It includes main control module, intranet communication module, protocol conversion module, extranet communication module, power management module and data cache module; The main control module is equipped with a task allocation algorithm for allocating system computing resources according to the priority of different tasks and the real-time resource occupancy. The main control module is equipped with an edge computing module to complete simple data processing and analysis tasks on the gateway side. The protocol conversion module is provided with a protocol conversion algorithm for automatically identifying and determining the protocol type adopted by the access device, and calling the corresponding conversion rules to realize the conversion between different protocol data; The external network communication module is used to monitor the external network connection status in real time and has a built-in network switching strategy. When it detects that the current network quality is poor, it switches to other available networks according to preset rules; The power management module has an intelligent control function and can automatically switch the power supply mode according to the external power supply situation; The power supply voltage and current can also be dynamically adjusted according to the workload of each module in the gateway; The data cache module adopts a dynamic allocation cache space technology to automatically adjust the cache partition according to the data flow size, transmission frequency and priority to temporarily store the data to be processed.

2. A gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The task allocation algorithm adopts a hybrid scheduling strategy based on time slice rotation and priority preemption; tasks with high real-time requirements are given the highest priority. Once such tasks enter the queue, the current low-priority tasks are immediately suspended and the highest-priority tasks are processed first; for ordinary data tasks, processing resources are fairly allocated according to time slices, and each task takes turns occupying processor resources within the specified time slice.

3. The gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main control module is also equipped with a task prediction mechanism, which introduces a machine learning model to optimize task scheduling. Based on historical task data and the current system status, it predicts the arrival probability and resource requirements of various types of tasks in a preset time period in the future, and optimizes resource reservation and allocation in advance. The main control module is also equipped with a task feedback mechanism, which dynamically adjusts the priority and time slice size of the task according to the actual resource usage and completion time after the task is executed; in a multi-core processor environment, considering the affinity of the task, related tasks are assigned to adjacent cores as much as possible for execution.

4. The gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interface circuit of each module in the intranet communication module is provided with isolation protection to isolate the electrical interference between different interfaces.

5. The gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protocol conversion algorithm includes: When the source protocol is identified as a custom binary protocol, the binary data is first read in segments according to the preset byte order parsing rules, and an intermediate data structure is constructed based on the key information carried in the protocol header. Then, through the predefined mapping table, each field in the intermediate data structure is converted into the subject and message payload format corresponding to the target protocol. For text-based protocol conversion, regular expression matching technology is first used to extract key elements from the original protocol. Then, according to the format specifications of the target protocol, the extracted elements are recombined and encapsulated to generate a request or response message that conforms to the target protocol. At the same time, a protocol conversion log is established to record detailed information of each conversion for subsequent troubleshooting and data analysis.

6. The gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The network switching strategy comprehensively considers network cost, power consumption and data transmission requirements; During the switching process, pre-connection technology is used to establish a connection with the target network in advance to shorten the network switching time and reduce the duration of data interruption.

7. The gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The external network communication module is equipped with a network quality assessment model that comprehensively considers signal strength, network latency, packet loss rate, and bandwidth utilization to calculate a quality score for each external network in real time. The network switching threshold is dynamically adjusted based on the quality score. When the network quality score falls below the set dynamic threshold, a network switch is triggered. At the same time, a smooth switching algorithm is adopted during the switching process.

8. The gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management module is provided with a battery power monitoring and early warning function; The battery power is monitored in real time through a high-precision power detection chip. When the battery power is lower than the set threshold, an early warning signal is sent to the main control module to remind the user to charge or replace the battery in time. At the same time, the power consumption of non-critical modules is automatically reduced to ensure that the gateway device can still maintain basic operation when the battery is low.

9. The gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data cache module is connected to the main control module and the protocol conversion module using a high-speed parallel bus; The data cache module is provided with a large-capacity high-speed cache chip, and the large-capacity high-speed cache chip is provided with an error checking unit, which uses a check algorithm to detect the integrity of the cached data in real time; When erroneous data is found, the main control module is notified to retransmit or correct the error.

10. The gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a security encryption module, which is provided with an encryption algorithm for providing end-to-end encryption services for all data flows entering and leaving the gateway.

11. The gateway device based on Internet of Things communication technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a security protection module, which is used for identity authentication, access control, intrusion detection and log auditing.

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