Multi-mode photon detector, detection method and photon meter

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of photon detectors, and discloses a multi-mode photon detector, a detection method and a photon meter, and the photon detector comprises a signal collection module which is used for collecting a photon signal, and generating an analog pulse signal when the photon signal is absorbed by a photoelectric sensor; the pulse width conversion module is used for converting the analog pulse signal into a digital logic level; the luminous flux analysis module is also used for performing luminous flux analysis based on the digital logic level in real time to obtain a luminous flux scene; the multi-mode processing module comprises a plurality of detection modes; the processor is also used for selecting at least one detection mode to execute work according to the luminous flux scene; and the data integration module is used for integrating output data of one or more detection modes of the multi-mode processing module to generate a final measurement result. According to the invention, by integrating three working modes of photon counting, energy integration and energy segment integration, the performance limitation of a traditional single-mode detector is broken through, and intelligent measurement in a total luminous flux range is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of photon detectors, and in particular to a multimodal photon detector, a detection method and a photon meter. Background Art

[0002] A photon detector is a photoelectric sensing device that converts light signals into electrical signals. It is primarily used to detect the number of photons or light intensity and is widely used in fields such as quantum communications, lidar, and bioluminescence detection. Its core operating principle is based on the photoelectric effect, whereby semiconductor or superconducting materials absorb photons and generate a measurable electrical signal. Based on their detection capabilities, photon detectors can be categorized as single-photon detectors or intensity detectors. The former can resolve individual photon events and is suitable for detecting extremely weak light, while the latter is used to measure continuous or stronger light signals.

[0003] Compared to traditional flat-panel detectors, current single-photon detectors can perform photon counting, counting the number of incident photons and obtaining information about their energy, thereby reflecting the density and structure of the object being measured. This method can achieve good results in low-flux scenarios, but at high flux, due to photon overlap and scintillator response time limitations, event stacking can occur, leading to counting errors and even unavailability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application discloses a multimodal photon detector, detection method and photon meter. By integrating three working modes of photon counting, energy integration and energy band integration, it breaks through the performance limitations of traditional single-mode detectors and realizes intelligent measurement of the full luminous flux range.

[0005] Specifically, the technical solution of this application is as follows: In a first aspect, the present application discloses a multimodal photon detector, comprising: A signal acquisition module is used to collect photon signals, which generate analog pulse signals when absorbed by the photoelectric sensor; A pulse width conversion module, configured to convert the analog pulse signal into a digital logic level; and further configured to perform luminous flux analysis based on the digital logic level in real time to obtain a luminous flux scenario; A multimodal processing module, including multiple detection modes; further configured to select at least one detection mode to perform work according to the light flux scenario; wherein the detection modes include: photon counting mode, energy integration mode, and energy band integration mode; The data integration module is used to integrate the output data of one or more detection modes of the multimodal processing module to generate a final measurement result.

[0006] In some embodiments, the signal acquisition module further includes: The preprocessing unit is used to preprocess the analog pulse signal to amplify the signal; or to eliminate environmental noise and dark current interference by using a filtering circuit.

[0007] In some embodiments, the pulse width conversion module specifically includes: a pulse width conversion unit, configured to convert the analog pulse signal output by the photoelectric sensor into the digital logic level using a high-speed comparator; a feature extraction unit, configured to extract data features from the digital logic level, the data features including: a pulse accumulation rate, a number of pulses, and an average pulse width; A feature analysis unit is used to estimate the luminous flux based on the data features and divide the luminous flux scenes.

[0008] In some embodiments, the photon counting mode obtains the luminous flux by counting the number of pulses within a specified time; The energy integration mode outputs the total light energy by counting the accumulated pulse widths of all pulses within a specified time; The energy segment integration mode divides pulse signals of different widths into multiple energy segments according to the pulse width for statistics, and indirectly calculates the luminous flux in each energy segment by analyzing the cumulative pulse width and accumulation rate of all pulses in each energy segment within a specified time.

[0009] In some embodiments, the multimodal processing module is configured to dynamically and adaptively switch the detection mode according to the division result of the luminous flux scene.

[0010] Optionally, the luminous flux scene includes a first luminous flux condition, a second luminous flux condition and a third luminous flux condition; the multimodal processing module is also used to: switch to a photon counting mode under the first luminous flux condition; switch to an energy segment integration mode under the second luminous flux condition; and switch to an energy integration mode under the third luminous flux condition.

[0011] In some embodiments, the multimodal processing module is configured to run all detection modes simultaneously.

[0012] In some embodiments, the data integration module specifically includes: Data alignment unit, used to synchronize output data in different modes; An algorithm processing unit is used to configure weights on the output data of at least one mode according to the luminous flux scene, and perform weighted fusion processing on the data to generate a final measurement result.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present application further discloses a multimodal photon detection method, which is implemented based on the photon detector described in any of the above embodiments; specifically comprising: Photon signals are collected by a photoelectric sensor; analog pulse signals are generated when the photon signals are absorbed; the analog pulse signals are converted into digital logic levels, and luminous flux analysis is performed in real time based on the digital logic levels to obtain a luminous flux scene; Selecting at least one detection mode of the multimodal processing module to perform work according to the light flux scene; wherein the detection mode includes: photon counting mode, energy integration mode and energy band integration mode; The output data of one or more detection modes of the multimodal processing module are integrated to generate a final measurement result.

[0014] In a third aspect, the present application further discloses a photon meter, which includes a photon detector as described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least one of the following beneficial effects: By integrating three operating modes—photon counting, energy integration, and energy band integration—this technology overcomes the performance limitations of traditional single-mode detectors and enables intelligent measurement across the entire luminous flux range. Compared to single-mode detectors, this photon detector can implement dynamic mode selection; through an adaptive switching mechanism, it selects the most appropriate detector or detectors to perform operations, meeting the requirements of different luminous flux scenarios.

[0016] 2. This application utilizes integrated signal processing technology to fuse multimodal data, enabling single-pulse multi-parameter measurement within a synchrotron radiation facility. This approach will improve detection accuracy and efficiency. Three data processing modes—photon counting, overall energy integration, and energy-segment integration—can be implemented within the same radiation conversion component, reducing system complexity. Data from multiple energy segments can be processed and uploaded simultaneously, allowing the most appropriate data fusion process to be selected based on actual event rates and imaging requirements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The preferred implementation scheme will be described below in a clear and understandable manner with reference to the accompanying drawings to further illustrate the above-mentioned characteristics, technical features, advantages and implementation methods of the present application.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of an embodiment of a multi-modal photon detector of the present application; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the steps of an embodiment of a multi-modal photon detection method of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] In the following description, specific details such as specific system structures and technologies are provided for illustration rather than limitation to facilitate a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present application. However, it should be clear to those skilled in the art that the present application may be implemented in other embodiments without these specific details. In other cases, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted to avoid obstructing the description of the present application with unnecessary details.

[0020] It will be understood that when used in this specification and the appended claims, the term "comprising" indicates the presence of the described features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections.

[0021] To simplify the drawings, only portions relevant to the invention are schematically depicted in each figure; they do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, to simplify the drawings and facilitate understanding, in some figures, only one component with the same structure or function is schematically depicted or labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one" but also "more than one."

[0022] It should be further understood that the term "and / or" used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the specific implementation methods of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive work.

[0024] Photon detectors are primarily classified into two categories based on their detection capabilities: single-photon detectors (SPADs) and light intensity detectors. SPADs are precision instruments capable of detecting single photon events, boasting extremely high sensitivity and low noise. Typical examples include single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs). These detectors play a key role in fields such as quantum communication and fluorescence spectroscopy, offering picosecond-level temporal resolution and extremely low dark count rates. However, they typically require low temperatures or specialized bias conditions and are sensitive to strong light. However, when subjected to high light flux, SPDs face severe photon pile-up issues. Due to the detector's dead time, which can range from tens of nanoseconds to microseconds, when the incident photon rate exceeds the detector's maximum counting capability, multiple photon events are recorded as a single event, leading to count rate saturation and nonlinear response. Furthermore, high light flux can induce detector afterpulsing, further increasing measurement errors.

[0025] Light intensity detectors are primarily used to measure the intensity of continuous or strong light signals. Common types include ordinary photodiodes and photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). They have a wide dynamic range and good linear response characteristics, making them suitable for applications such as conventional optical measurements and laser power monitoring. However, light intensity detectors perform poorly in extremely weak light conditions. Their sensitivity is limited by thermal noise and shot noise, and they are generally unable to detect light signals below nanowatts. This means that light intensity detectors are almost completely ineffective in detecting weak light at the single-photon level.

[0026] The technical limitations of these two detectors have created significant measurement gaps in practical applications. Single-photon detectors are inadequate for high-light flux measurements, while light intensity detectors struggle to cope with low-light detection requirements. Therefore, this application proposes a multimodal photon detector designed to be compatible with both single-photon and light intensity detection modes, compensating for each other's shortcomings.

[0027] The following is an explanation with reference to the accompanying drawings: Reference Manual Figure 1As shown, an embodiment of a multimodal photon detector of the present application specifically includes: a signal acquisition module for collecting photon signals, and the photon signal generates an analog pulse signal when it is absorbed by a photoelectric sensor. A pulse width conversion module for converting the analog pulse signal into a digital logic level. It is also used to perform luminous flux analysis based on the digital logic level in real time to obtain a luminous flux scene. A multimodal processing module includes multiple detection modes. It is also used to select at least one detection mode to perform work according to the luminous flux scene. Among them, the detection modes include: photon counting mode, energy integration mode and energy band integration mode. A data integration module is used to integrate the output data of one or more detection modes of the multimodal processing module to generate a final measurement result.

[0028] In this embodiment, the signal acquisition module is the core front-end component of the photon detector, responsible for receiving and converting incident photon signals. This module typically consists of a photoelectric sensor, such as a photomultiplier tube (PMT) or avalanche photodiode (APD), and an analog front-end circuit. Its implementation steps include: Photon conversion: The sensor converts photon energy into an electrical signal, such as a current pulse. The signal acquisition module outputs an analog pulse signal, whose amplitude and pulse width are directly related to the photon energy and arrival time, providing raw data for subsequent processing.

[0029] In other embodiments, the signal acquisition module further includes a preprocessing unit configured to preprocess the analog pulse signal for signal amplification or to utilize a filtering circuit to eliminate environmental noise and dark current interference. For example, a transimpedance amplifier (TIA) or a low-noise amplifier (LNA) may be used to boost the amplitude of a weak signal; or a filtering circuit, such as a bandpass filter, may be used to eliminate environmental noise and dark current interference.

[0030] The core function of the pulse width conversion unit is to convert the time-domain characteristics of an analog signal, such as pulse width and rise / fall times, into digital information for subsequent processing. This process involves converting the analog pulse into a standard digital square wave using a comparator or discriminator; recording the arrival time of the pulse using a time-to-digital converter (TDC); and measuring the pulse width using a counter or clock signal, correlating it with the photon energy. For example, longer pulse widths correspond to higher-energy photons. The pulse width conversion unit outputs a digital signal containing both a timestamp and pulse width data, facilitating mode switching and energy analysis.

[0031] The multimodal processing module supports three detection modes to adapt to different application scenarios. In this embodiment, the following three detection modes are described separately: Photon counting mode: Counts the number of photon pulses per unit time, suitable for single-photon weak light detection. Energy integration mode: Outputs the total light energy by counting the cumulative pulse width of all pulses within a specified time. Energy band integration mode: Combined with pulse width analysis, the input pulse is divided into multiple energy bands based on the pulse width, and the photon energy is counted separately by energy interval.

[0032] In some implementations, the multimodal processing module can also implement real-time mode management to significantly improve measurement efficiency. For example, the multimodal processing module can automatically select the optimal detection mode within a very short event based on parameters such as pulse accumulation rate and signal-to-noise ratio, and use mixed signal processing techniques to fuse multimodal data.

[0033] The mode switching logic of the multimodal processing module is as follows: based on the light flux analysis results of the pulse width conversion module, different detection modes are switched. Each detection mode is independent of each other. In some embodiments, only one detection mode can be selected to perform a detection task. For example, according to the input signal intensity, the photon counting mode is automatically enabled under weak light flux, and the energy integration mode is switched under strong light flux. In other embodiments, multiple detection modes can also be selected to perform detection tasks simultaneously. For example, when the light flux is low, the use of photon counting and energy segment integration can obtain a better image.

[0034] The data integration module is responsible for fusing the multi-mode outputs to generate the final measurement results. When working in a single working mode, the data integration module optimizes and post-processes the output data of the corresponding mode, aiming to further process the mode output data to obtain clearer and more accurate results. The post-processing steps are not specifically limited in this application. When multiple detection modes perform detection tasks simultaneously, the data integration module performs weighted fusion on the multi-mode output data; for example, it performs weighted fusion on the photon counting mode and energy integration data to obtain the final data results.

[0035] This application discloses another embodiment of a multimodal photon detector. Based on the above embodiment, the pulse width conversion module specifically includes: a pulse width conversion unit for converting the analog pulse signal output by the photosensor into the digital logic level using a high-speed comparator; a feature extraction unit for extracting data features from the digital logic level, the data features including pulse accumulation rate, number of pulses, and average pulse width; and a feature analysis unit for estimating luminous flux based on the data features and classifying the luminous flux into scenarios.

[0036] In this embodiment, the pulse width conversion unit uses a high-speed comparator to convert the analog pulses output by the sensor into digital logic levels. After the pulses are precisely digitized, the time resolution for measuring key parameters such as pulse arrival time, width, and interval can reach nanoseconds. The feature extraction unit uses a sliding time window algorithm to analyze luminous flux characteristics in real time, including metrics such as pulse count rate, average pulse width, and pulse accumulation rate. The feature analysis unit classifies luminous flux scenarios based on these data features, including low luminous flux, medium luminous flux, and high luminous flux. In other embodiments, more detailed luminous flux scenarios can be further classified, such as medium-low luminous flux, medium-high luminous flux, etc. In actual use, the conditions for luminous flux scenario classification are set by relevant technicians based on actual conditions, for example: low luminous flux (<10^4 cps); medium luminous flux (10^4-10^6 cps); and high luminous flux (>10^6 cps). This application does not specifically limit these conditions.

[0037] Based on the above embodiments, the present application discloses another embodiment of a multimodal photon detector. In the photon counting mode, the luminous flux is obtained by counting the number of pulses within a specified time. In the energy integration mode, the total light energy is output by counting the cumulative pulse widths of all pulses within a specified time. In the energy band integration mode, pulse signals of different widths are divided into multiple energy bands according to the pulse widths for statistical analysis. The luminous flux within each energy band is indirectly calculated by analyzing the cumulative pulse widths and accumulation rates of all pulses within each energy band within a specified time.

[0038] In this embodiment, in photon counting mode, a high-speed discriminator is used to identify discrete pulses generated by single photon events, and a time-to-digital converter is used to accurately record the timestamp of each pulse. The output results are the photon arrival time series and the count rate per unit time (Counts Per Second, cps), which is suitable for ultra-weak light detection at the single-photon level.

[0039] The energy integration mode calculates the digital signal output by the pulse width conversion unit and the cumulative width of all pulse signals within a certain period of time through a time-to-digital converter. The output cumulative width is proportional to the total light energy and is suitable for scenes with large luminous flux.

[0040] The energy band integration mode groups pulse signals of different pulse widths and sends them to multiple energy band analysis units. Each energy band counts the cumulative pulse width of the input pulse signal within a given time. The cumulative pulse width output by each energy band is positively correlated with the total light energy of its energy band range.

[0041] These three modes each have their own advantages in the real-time luminous flux evaluation algorithm. The photon counting mode ensures sensitivity at low flux, the energy integration mode processes high-flux signals to prevent saturation, and the energy band integration mode takes into account both counting and energy resolution at medium flux, together forming a measurement system covering all luminous flux levels.

[0042] Based on any one of the above embodiments, the present application discloses another embodiment of a multimodal photon detector, wherein the multimodal processing module is configured to dynamically and adaptively switch the detection mode according to the division result of the luminous flux scene.

[0043] In some embodiments, the light flux scenario includes a first light flux condition, a second light flux condition, and a third light flux condition. The multimodal processing module is further configured to: switch to a photon counting mode under the first light flux condition; switch to an energy segment integration mode under the second light flux condition; and switch to an energy integration mode under the third light flux condition.

[0044] In this embodiment, mode selection is achieved through a dynamic adaptive switching method of modes. In some embodiments, the multimodal processing module divides the luminous flux scene according to real-time signal characteristics, such as pulse accumulation rate, average pulse width, etc., and performs dynamic adaptive adjustment triggered by a preset algorithm. For example, under low luminous flux conditions, the luminous flux can be directly obtained by counting the number of pulses per unit time, so the photon counting mode data is mainly used to obtain accurate energy and event information. Under medium luminous flux conditions, the pulses may not be distinguished individually due to time overlap. At this time, the luminous flux needs to be indirectly inferred by analyzing the pulse width and accumulation rate, so the energy segment integral data is mainly used, and the photon counting and overall energy integral processing are combined according to a certain weight to reduce the error caused by slight stacking. Under high luminous flux conditions, the pulses completely overlap to form a continuous current signal. At this time, the total luminous flux can be inferred by the total photon energy, so it automatically switches to the energy integration mode for processing to suppress the error caused by a large amount of stacking.

[0045] Mode switching must be completed in nanoseconds and microseconds, relying on hard real-time processing by a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) to avoid data loss. Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used solely to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0046] The present application provides another embodiment of a multimodal photon detector. Based on any one of the above embodiments of the photon detector, the multimodal processing module is configured to run all detection modes simultaneously.

[0047] In some embodiments, the data integration module specifically includes: a data alignment unit for synchronizing output data of different modes; an algorithm processing unit for weighting the output data of at least one mode according to the luminous flux scenario, and performing weighted data fusion processing to generate a final measurement result.

[0048] The multimodal photon detection system utilizes a parallel architecture design, enabling real-time and simultaneous operation of the three modes of photon counting, energy integration, and energy-band integration. A dynamic weight fusion algorithm enables seamless measurement across the full luminous flux range. During operation, the three processing channels independently collect data. This embodiment also incorporates a flux-adaptive weight adjustment mechanism: the system calculates the luminous flux at intervals, or counts it in real time, adjusting the weights of different data points based on the actual luminous flux. Assuming photon counting is used as a reference, as the luminous flux increases, the weight of the photon meter data is gradually reduced, while the weight of the energy integration data is increased, enabling data fusion at different event rates.

[0049] For example, when the count rate is detected to be lower than 10^4 cps, the photon counting mode data weight is set to 0.9 and the energy integration weight is 0.1. At this time, the output is mainly single-photon time information; as the light flux rises to the 10^5 cps range, the system starts a linear weight transition, and the photon counting weight gradually decreases to 0.4, while increasing the energy integration data ratio to 0.6; when the event rate exceeds 10^6 cps, the energy integration weight automatically increases to 0.95 to ensure measurement linearity under strong light conditions.

[0050] In other embodiments, the data integration module outputs data in a unified specified format, including both original count information and energy characteristics, providing a complete data basis for subsequent photon statistical analysis and energy spectrum reconstruction.

[0051] Based on the same concept, the present application also discloses a multi-modal photon detection method. The implementation of the method is based on the photon detector described in any of the above embodiments. Specifically, the present application discloses an embodiment of a multi-modal photon detection method, see the attached specification. Figure 2 As shown, specifically including: S100: Collect photon signals using a photoelectric sensor. When the photon signals are absorbed, analog pulse signals are generated. The analog pulse signals are converted into digital logic levels, and luminous flux analysis is performed in real time based on the digital logic levels to obtain a luminous flux scenario.

[0052] S200: Select at least one detection mode of the multi-modal processing module to perform work according to the light flux scene, wherein the detection modes include: photon counting mode, energy integration mode and energy band integration mode.

[0053] S300 , integrating output data of one or more detection modes of the multimodal processing module to generate a final measurement result.

[0054] Based on the same concept, the present application also discloses a photon meter; the photon meter includes a photon detector as described in any of the above embodiments. A photon meter is a detection device that directly detects extremely weak light pulses. It not only integrates a photon detector, but also includes a signal processing circuit, a data acquisition module, and a display unit, and can directly output photon counts or light intensity measurement results. In practical applications, photon detectors typically need to work in conjunction with external circuits and are suitable for scenarios requiring customized measurements.

[0055] A multimodal photon detector, detection method and photon meter of the present application have the same technical concept, and the technical details of the embodiments of the two are applicable to each other. To reduce repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0056] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned program modules is used as an example for illustration. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be assigned to different program modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different program units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The program modules in the embodiment can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically alone, or two or more units can be integrated into one processing unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit can be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software program unit. In addition, the specific names of the program modules are only for the purpose of distinguishing each other and are not used to limit the scope of protection of this application.

[0057] Obviously, those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if these modifications and variations of this application fall within the scope of the claims of this application and their equivalents, this application is intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A multimodal photon detector, characterized in that: include: A signal acquisition module is used to collect photon signals, which generate analog pulse signals when absorbed by the photoelectric sensor; A pulse width conversion module, configured to convert the analog pulse signal into a digital logic level; and further configured to perform luminous flux analysis based on the digital logic level in real time to obtain a luminous flux scenario; Multimodal processing module, including multiple detection modes; It is also used to select at least one detection mode to perform work according to the light flux scene; wherein the detection mode includes: photon counting mode, energy integration mode and energy band integration mode; The data integration module is used to integrate the output data of one or more detection modes of the multimodal processing module to generate a final measurement result.

2. A multimodal photon detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The signal acquisition module also includes: The preprocessing unit is used to preprocess the analog pulse signal to amplify the signal; or to eliminate environmental noise and dark current interference by using a filtering circuit.

3. A multimodal photon detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulse width conversion module specifically includes: a pulse width conversion unit, configured to convert the analog pulse signal output by the photoelectric sensor into the digital logic level using a high-speed comparator; a feature extraction unit, configured to extract data features from the digital logic level, the data features including: a pulse accumulation rate, a number of pulses, and an average pulse width; A feature analysis unit is used to estimate the luminous flux based on the data features and divide the luminous flux scenes.

4. A multimodal photon detector according to claim 3, characterized in that: The photon counting mode obtains the luminous flux by counting the number of pulses within a specified time; The energy integration mode outputs the total light energy by counting the accumulated pulse widths of all pulses within a specified time; The energy segment integration mode divides pulse signals of different widths into multiple energy segments according to the pulse width for statistics, and indirectly calculates the luminous flux in each energy segment by analyzing the cumulative pulse width and accumulation rate of all pulses in each energy segment within a specified time.

5. A multimodal photon detector according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The multimodal processing module is configured to dynamically and adaptively switch the detection mode according to the division result of the luminous flux scene.

6. A multimodal photon detector according to claim 5, characterized in that: The luminous flux scenario includes a first luminous flux condition, a second luminous flux condition, and a third luminous flux condition; The multimodal processing module is further used to: switch to a photon counting mode under a first light flux condition; switch to an energy segment integration mode under a second light flux condition; and switch to an energy integration mode under a third light flux condition.

7. A multimodal photon detector according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The multimodal processing module is configured to run all detection modes simultaneously.

8. The multimodal photon detector according to claim 7, wherein: The data integration module specifically includes: Data alignment unit, used to synchronize output data in different modes; An algorithm processing unit is used to configure weights on the output data of at least one mode according to the luminous flux scene, and perform weighted fusion processing on the data to generate a final measurement result.

9. A multimodal photon detection method, characterized in that: The photon detection method is implemented based on the photon detector according to any one of claims 1 to 8; specifically comprising: Photon signals are collected by a photoelectric sensor; analog pulse signals are generated when the photon signals are absorbed; the analog pulse signals are converted into digital logic levels, and luminous flux analysis is performed in real time based on the digital logic levels to obtain a luminous flux scene; Selecting at least one detection mode of the multimodal processing module to perform work according to the light flux scene; wherein the detection mode includes: photon counting mode, energy integration mode and energy band integration mode; The output data of one or more detection modes of the multimodal processing module are integrated to generate a final measurement result.

10. A photon meter, characterized in that: The photon meter comprises the photon detector according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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