A multi-layer cross-flow circulation rare earth extraction equipment

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of rare earth extraction technology and discloses a multi-layer cross-flow circulation rare earth extraction device, comprising a housing, a plurality of housings connected in series by pipes to form a multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit, a liquid inlet port 1 being provided at the lower portion of the housing, a plurality of annular plates being fixedly connected to the interior of the housing to form a plurality of cavities, a spiral channel being provided in the central cavity, a through groove being provided at the top, a rotating drum being rotatably connected in the remaining cavities, a diversion mechanism being connected to the top of the drum, and a flow guide mechanism being further connected to the interior of the drum. This multi-layer cross-flow circulation rare earth extraction device can effectively solve the problem in the prior art of the target rare earth elements not being fully extracted due to phase entrainment loss, being lost with the spent liquid, and causing loss of the extractant, which not only reduces the overall recovery rate and economic benefits of the process, but also increases the difficulty and environmental burden of subsequent wastewater treatment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rare earth extraction, in particular to a multi-layer cross-flow circulation type rare earth extraction device. Background Art

[0002] In the field of rare earth hydrometallurgy, centrifugal extractors are widely used due to their efficient separation capabilities. The current mainstream rare earth extraction process generally adopts multi-stage series centrifugal extraction units. During the centrifugal separation process, the ideal state is the clear and rapid stratification of the aqueous and organic phases. However, under actual working conditions, it is often difficult to achieve absolute "sharp" separation at the interface between the two phases. This causes part of the organic phase (extractant) or the mixed emulsion phase that has not been completely separated to be entrained in the main flow of heavy phase (aqueous phase) in the form of tiny droplets and discharged from the equipment together. This phenomenon is called "phase entrainment loss", which directly causes two negative effects: on the one hand, the target rare earth elements are not fully extracted and are lost with the spent liquid; on the other hand, it causes the loss of extractant, which not only reduces the overall recovery rate and economic benefits of the process, but also increases the difficulty and environmental burden of subsequent wastewater treatment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-layer cross-flow circulation rare earth extraction equipment, which can effectively solve the problems in the prior art such as the failure of target rare earth elements to be fully extracted due to phase entrainment loss, loss with the spent liquid, and loss of extractant, which not only reduces the overall recovery rate and economic benefits of the process, but also increases the difficulty and environmental burden of subsequent wastewater treatment.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A multi-layer cross-flow circulation rare earth extraction device, comprising:

[0006] A casing, wherein a plurality of the casings are connected in series by pipes to form a multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit, wherein a liquid inlet 1 is provided at the lower position of the casing, a plurality of annular plates are fixedly connected to the interior of the casing to form a plurality of cavities, a through groove is provided at the upper end of the side wall of the central annular plate, and a spiral channel is fixedly connected thereto, a drum is rotatably connected to the remaining cavities, a diversion mechanism is connected to the top of the drum, a flow guide mechanism is further connected to the interior of the drum, and a driving mechanism is also connected to the bottom of the drum;

[0007] The guide mechanism includes a mounting frame, which is rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the outer ring of the rotating drum, and the two are connected by a one-way limit assembly. A plurality of guide plates 1 are evenly fixedly connected to the mounting frame from top to bottom, and a plurality of guide plates 2 are evenly fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the inner ring of the rotating drum, which are staggered with the guide plates 1. A plurality of scraping strips are also evenly fixedly connected to the mounting frame along the circumferential direction.

[0008] Among them, a second liquid inlet is additionally provided on the circumferential outer surface of the casing at the head of the multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit, and a liquid discharge port is also provided on the circumferential outer surface of the casing, and the multiple liquid discharge ports are connected through a liquid discharge pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the guide plate 1 adopts a conical design, and the guide plate 2 adopts an inverted conical design, and the two are parallel to each other, and a guide groove is provided at the edge of the guide plate 1.

[0010] Furthermore, the diverter mechanism includes a diverter seat, which is fixedly connected to the top of the drum. A heavy phase channel is provided at the edge of the diverter seat to allow the heavy phase to flow upward along the edge of the drum. A light phase channel is provided at the center of the diverter seat to allow the light phase to flow outward along the center. An isolation chamber fixedly connected to the annular plate is provided outside the light phase channel.

[0011] Furthermore, the isolation chamber is composed of a light phase weir plate and a heavy phase weir plate and a surrounding plate fixedly connected between the two. The isolation chamber is fixedly connected with a guide pipe that leads the light phase out of the casing. The multiple guide pipes are connected through a connecting pipe seat. The connecting pipe seat of the upper stage in the multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit is connected to the liquid inlet of the next stage through a connecting pipe. The two adjacent isolation chambers are connected through a sealing seat, and the sealing seat is provided with a flow channel connected to the cavity in the adjacent and outer annular plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the driving mechanism includes an isolation plate, which is arranged below the rotating drum and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the casing. A transmission plate is provided on the isolation plate, and the transmission plate is rotatably connected to the lower end of the annular plate near the center of the casing through a connecting frame and a flow pipe 1. The lower end of the connecting frame is fixedly connected to a flow pipe 2 that passes through the isolation plate. The transmission plate is fixedly connected to the rotating drum through a connecting rod. The upper end of the casing is fixedly connected to a bidirectional servo motor. The drive shaft of the bidirectional servo motor passes through the casing and is fixedly connected to the connecting frame through a central shaft. The central shaft is rotatably connected to the spiral channel, and the bottom end of the central shaft is fixedly connected to an impeller.

[0013] Furthermore, the one-way limit assembly includes an I-shaped frame, which is fixedly connected to the lower end of the mounting frame and rotatably connected to the annular plate. The upper and lower ends of the I-shaped frame are fixedly connected to two ratchets with opposite rotation directions, and the annular plate and the rotating drum are both provided with pawls corresponding to the corresponding ratchets.

[0014] Furthermore, a plurality of drainage grooves are evenly and fixedly provided on the edge of the annular plate bottom plate on which the rotary drum is installed, and a plurality of sealing plates corresponding to the drainage grooves are evenly and fixedly connected to the edge of the rotary drum bottom plate.

[0015] Furthermore, a cleaning pipe is fixedly connected to the pipe seat through a one-way valve, and multiple cleaning pipes are connected to the main cleaning pipe. A sewage pipe is provided on the outer surface of the casing and located above the isolation plate, and multiple sewage pipes are connected to the main sewage pipe.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The present invention arranges multiple groups of drums in a casing, a spiral channel is provided in the central cavity, and a guide mechanism is installed inside the drum. During extraction, the mixed solution first passes through the spiral channel to extend its residence time in the casing. After entering the drum, the first conical guide plate and the second inverted conical guide plate are staggered to guide the flow of the solution, extending its movement path in the drum. The extended residence time allows for more complete contact between the heavy phase and the light phase, and the mass transfer of rare earth ions is close to a balanced state, thereby improving the extraction efficiency.

[0018] 2. In the present invention, the diversion mechanism at the top of the drum includes a heavy phase channel and a light phase channel. Under the action of centrifugal force, the heavy phase is thrown to the edge of the drum and flows into the outer drum through the heavy phase channel. The light phase remains at the center and enters the isolation chamber through the light phase channel. The isolation chamber is composed of a light phase weir plate, a heavy phase weir plate and a surrounding plate. The light phase flows into the casing of the next stage through the guide pipe and the connecting pipe seat. The heavy phase is centrifugally extracted for the second time in the outer drum. This design realizes efficient separation of light and heavy phases and reduces the loss of organic phase entrained in the heavy phase.

[0019] 3. The bidirectional servo motor of the driving mechanism of the present invention can rotate clockwise to drive the drum to reverse. At this time, the one-way limit assembly causes the mounting frame and the drum to rotate relative to each other. The scraper on the mounting frame scrapes off the sediment on the inner wall of the drum. At the same time, the cleaning pipe introduces the cleaning agent, which enters the drum through the guide pipe. The conical guide plate guides the cleaning agent to the inner surface of the drum, assisting the scraper in cleaning. The drum rotates, the sealing plate and the sewage trough are misaligned, and the sewage and impurities are discharged through the sewage pipe to ensure long-term and stable operation of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of the first stage of a multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3Schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of the first stage of a multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a housing, annular plate, and a drum according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the annular plate and the diversion mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of the diverter seat and the drum according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic structural diagram of a diverter seat according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of a flow guiding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a flow guide structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the mounting frame, guide plate 1 and scraper strip according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] The numbers in the figure represent: 1, casing; 11, connecting pipe; 12, liquid inlet 1; 13, liquid inlet 2; 14, liquid discharge port; 15, liquid discharge pipe; 2, annular plate; 21, spiral channel; 22, drain chute; 23, sealing plate; 3, drum; 4, diverter mechanism; 41, diverter seat; 411, heavy phase channel; 412, light phase channel; 42, isolation chamber; 421, light phase weir plate; 422, heavy phase weir plate; 423, enclosure plate; 424, guide pipe; 425, connecting pipe seat; 4251 , one-way valve; 426, sealing seat; 427, flow channel; 5, guide mechanism; 51, mounting frame; 52, one-way limit assembly; 53, guide plate one; 531, guide groove; 54, guide plate two; 55, scraper; 6, driving mechanism; 61, isolation plate; 62, transmission plate; 63, flow pipe one; 64, flow pipe two; 65, bidirectional servo motor; 66, center shaft; 67, impeller; 521, I-shaped frame; 7, cleaning pipe; 72, cleaning main pipe; 8, sewage pipe; 81, sewage main pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0034] Example:

[0035] See also Figures 1-10 The present invention provides a technical solution: a multi-layer cross-flow circulation rare earth extraction device, comprising:

[0036] A housing 1, with pipes 11 connecting multiple housings 1 in series, together forming a multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit. A liquid inlet 12 is provided at the lower portion of the housing 1. Multiple annular plates 2 are fixedly connected to the interior of the housing 1, thereby forming multiple cavities. A spiral channel 21 is provided in the central cavity, a through groove is provided at the top, and a drum 3 is rotatably connected to the remaining cavities. The top of the drum 3 is connected to a diverter mechanism 4 for separating the aqueous phase and the organic phase during the centrifugal extraction process. The interior of the drum 3 is also connected to a flow guide mechanism 5 for extending the solution flow path. The bottom of the drum 3 is also connected to a drive mechanism 6.

[0037] The guide mechanism 5 includes a mounting frame 51, which is rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the outer ring of the drum 3, and the two are connected by a one-way limit assembly 52. ​​A plurality of guide plates 53 are evenly fixedly connected to the mounting frame 51 from top to bottom, and a plurality of guide plates 54 are evenly fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the inner ring of the drum 3, which are staggered with the guide plates 53. A plurality of scraping strips 55 are also evenly fixedly connected to the mounting frame 51 along the circumferential direction.

[0038] Among them, the outer circumferential surface of the casing 1 located at the head of the multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit is additionally provided with a second liquid inlet 13, and the outer circumferential surface of the casing 1 is provided with a liquid discharge port 14, and the multiple liquid discharge ports 14 are connected through a liquid discharge pipe 15.

[0039] Specifically, in the field of rare earth hydrometallurgy, centrifugal extractors are widely used due to their efficient separation capabilities. The current mainstream rare earth extraction process generally adopts multi-stage series-connected centrifugal extraction units. During the centrifugal separation process, the ideal state is the clear and rapid stratification of the aqueous phase and the organic phase. However, under actual working conditions, it is often difficult to achieve absolute "sharp" separation at the interface between the two phases, which causes part of the organic phase or the mixed emulsion phase that has not been completely separated to be entrained in the main flow of the heavy phase in the form of tiny droplets and discharged from the equipment together. This phenomenon is called "phase entrainment loss". On the one hand, the phase entrainment loss will prevent the target rare earth elements from being fully extracted and lost with the spent liquid. On the other hand, it also causes the loss of the extractant, which not only reduces the overall recovery rate and economic benefits of the process, but also increases the difficulty and environmental burden of subsequent wastewater treatment.

[0040] In order to alleviate the above-mentioned phase entrainment phenomenon, this embodiment sets multiple groups of drums 3 in the casing 1. During extraction, the extractant is introduced from the liquid inlet 12 of the casing 1 located at the head of the multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit, and the solution containing rare earth is introduced from the liquid inlet 2 13 of the casing 1 located at the head of the multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit. After entering the bottom of the cavity of the casing 1, the two are first stirred and mixed with the operation of the driving mechanism 6 to form a mixed solution, and then enter the drum 3 closest to the center of the casing 1 from top to bottom through the spiral channel 21. The mixed solution consists of a light phase (an organic phase formed by the combination of the extractant and the rare earth ions) and a heavy phase. The heavy phase is composed of two parts: the heavy phase (aqueous phase). With the continuous introduction of the extractant and the solution, the liquid level of the mixed solution in the drum 3 closest to the center of the casing 1 continues to rise. Driven by the driving mechanism 6, the continuous rotation of the drum 3 generates a strong centrifugal force. In this force field, the heavy phase is thrown to the edge of the drum 3 at the center, and the light phase remains in the center of the drum 3. When the liquid level of the mixed solution rises to the top of the drum 3 closest to the center of the casing 1, the heavy phase and part of the mixed phase flow into the drum 3 next to the center of the casing 1 along the gap between the annular plate 2 and the diverter mechanism 4 under the guidance of the diverter mechanism 4.

[0041] The drum 3 near the center of the casing 1 rotates synchronously under the drive mechanism 6. When the heavy phase and the mixed phase enter it, they will be centrifugally extracted again as the drum 3 rotates. The heavy phase and part of the mixed phase produced after the secondary centrifugal extraction continue to flow along the gap between the annular plate 2 and the diverter mechanism 4 into the drum 3 adjacent to it and close to the outside. This cycle is repeated to fully utilize the extractant and solution. The light phase and part of the mixed phase produced by multiple extractions are gathered under the guidance of the diverter mechanism 4, and flow into the liquid inlet of the casing 1 of the next stage in the multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit through the connecting pipe 11 to undergo centrifugal extraction again.

[0042] During the centrifugal extraction process, the length of time the mixed solution stays in the drum 3 directly affects the extraction efficiency and extraction effect. The longer the residence time, the longer the contact time of the heavy phase and the light phase in the drum 3, the closer the mass transfer process of rare earth ions from the solution phase extractant is to the equilibrium state, the higher the extraction efficiency, and at the same time, the two phases are more completely stratified under the action of centrifugal force, and the phase entrainment phenomenon will be reduced accordingly. Based on this characteristic, on the one hand, this embodiment provides a spiral channel 21 in the cavity at the center to extend the residence time of the mixed solution in the casing 1, thereby extending the mass transfer time of the extractant and the rare earth ions, so that the two are fully combined. On the other hand, a guide mechanism 5 is provided inside the drum 3, and the movement path of the mixed solution in the casing 1 is extended by the staggered guide plate 1 53 and the guide plate 2 54, thereby extending the flow path of the mixed solution in the drum 3 and then extending the residence time, thereby enhancing the extraction efficiency and effect.

[0043] The guide plate 1 53 adopts a conical design, and the guide plate 2 54 adopts an inverted conical design, and the two are parallel to each other. A guide groove 531 is opened at the edge of the guide plate 1 53.

[0044] The diverter mechanism 4 includes a diverter seat 41, which is fixedly connected to the top of the drum 3. A heavy phase channel 411 is provided at the edge of the diverter seat 41 to allow the heavy phase to flow upward along the edge of the drum 3. A light phase channel 412 is provided at the center of the diverter seat 41 to allow the light phase to flow outward along the center. An isolation chamber 42 fixedly connected to the annular plate 2 is provided outside the light phase channel 412.

[0045] The isolation chamber 42 is composed of a light phase weir plate 421, a heavy phase weir plate 422 and a surrounding plate 423 fixedly connected therebetween. A guide pipe 424 is fixedly connected to the isolation chamber 42 to guide the light phase out of the casing 1. Multiple guide pipes 424 on the same casing 1 are connected through a connecting pipe seat 425. The connecting pipe seat 425 on the upper-stage casing 1 in the multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit is connected to the liquid inlet 12 on the lower-stage casing 1 through a connecting pipe 11. Two adjacent isolation chambers 42 are connected through a sealing seat 426, and the sealing seat 426 is provided with a flow channel 427 connected to the cavity in the adjacent and outer annular plate 2.

[0046] Specifically, the heavy phase extracted by centrifugation and part of the mixed phase therein first enter the sealing seat 426 through the heavy phase channel 411, and then flow from the sealing seat 426 along the flow channel 427 to the cavity of the adjacent and outer annular plate 2. As the liquid levels of the heavy phase and the mixed phase gradually rise, they will flow from bottom to top into the corresponding drum 3. The drum 3 further centrifugally extracts the heavy phase and the mixed phase when rotating. The outermost flow channel 427 in the casing 1 is connected to the cavity in the casing 1. Therefore, after multiple extractions from the inside to the outside, the remaining light phase enters the cavity of the casing 1 along the outermost flow channel 427, and is finally discharged from the drain pipe 15. The light phase extracted in the drum 3 first enters the isolation chamber 42, and then along the isolation chamber 42 through the guide pipe 424 converges to the connecting pipe seat 425, and finally flows to the casing 1 of the next stage in the multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit.

[0047] The driving mechanism 6 includes an isolation plate 61, which is arranged below the rotating drum 3 and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the casing 1. A transmission disc 62 is provided on the isolation plate 61, and the transmission disc 62 is rotatably connected to the lower end of the annular plate 2 near the center of the casing 1 through a connecting frame and a flow pipe 1 63. The lower end of the connecting frame is fixedly connected to a flow pipe 2 64 that passes through the isolation plate 61. The transmission disc 62 is fixedly connected to the rotating drum 3 through a connecting rod. The upper end of the casing 1 is fixedly connected to a bidirectional servo motor 65. The drive shaft of the bidirectional servo motor 65 passes through the casing 1 and is fixedly connected to the connecting frame through a central shaft 66. The central shaft 66 is rotatably connected to the spiral channel 21, and the bottom end of the central shaft 66 is fixedly connected to an impeller 67.

[0048] The one-way limit assembly 52 includes an I-shaped frame 521, which is fixedly connected to the lower end of the mounting frame 51 and is rotatably connected to the annular plate 2. The upper and lower ends of the I-shaped frame 521 are fixedly connected to two ratchets with opposite rotation directions. The annular plate 2 and the rotating drum 3 are both provided with pawls corresponding to the corresponding ratchets.

[0049] A plurality of drainage grooves 22 are evenly and fixedly provided at the edge of the bottom plate of the annular plate 2 on which the rotary drum 3 is mounted, and a plurality of sealing plates 23 corresponding to the drainage grooves 22 are evenly and fixedly connected to the edge of the bottom plate of the rotary drum 3 .

[0050] The connecting pipe seat 425 is fixedly connected to a cleaning pipe 7 through a one-way valve 4251, and multiple cleaning pipes 7 are connected to the main cleaning pipe 72. A sewage pipe 8 is provided on the outer surface of the casing 1 and above the isolation plate 61, and multiple sewage pipes 8 are connected to the main sewage pipe 81.

[0051] Specifically, during operation, under the strong centrifugal field generated by the rotation of the drum 3, components with higher density will be thrown toward the inner wall of the drum 3 at high speed. Whether it is solid impurities that have not been completely removed from the raw material liquid, or precipitates or crystals generated during the extraction chemical reaction, they are very likely to deposit, adhere to, or even scale on the inner wall of the drum 3. Due to the large number of centrifuges in series, the cleaning work becomes extremely complicated and time-consuming. The accumulation of solid phases will not only reduce the separation efficiency and affect product quality, but in severe cases, it may also cause equipment blockage, increased vibration, or wear of key components, thereby increasing the risk of unplanned downtime and maintenance costs.

[0052] To solve the above problems, this embodiment additionally provides a cleaning pipe 7 on the guide seat. During extraction, the driving shaft of the bidirectional servo motor 65 rotates counterclockwise, driving the diverter seat 41 at the center of the casing 1 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving each drum 3 to rotate synchronously to achieve multi-stage centrifugal extraction. During this process, the ratchet pawl at the lower end of the connecting frame is in an unlocked state, while the ratchet pawl at the upper end of the connecting frame is in a locked state. The sealing plate 23 closes the drain trough 22 to prevent solution leakage. When the mounting frame 51 rotates synchronously with the drum 3, the extracted light phase flows along the connecting pipe seat 425 into the casing 1 of the next stage in the multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit. At this time, the one-way valve 4251 is in a closed state and will not affect the extraction process.

[0053] During cleaning, the main pipe introduces detergent into the cleaning pipe 7, and the driving shaft of the bidirectional servo motor 65 rotates clockwise, driving the impeller 67 to rotate synchronously through the central shaft 66, thereby driving each drum 3 to rotate synchronously in the opposite direction. At this time, the ratchet pawl at the lower end of the connecting frame is in a locked state, and the ratchet pawl at the upper end of the connecting frame is in an unlocked state. The mounting frame 51 cannot rotate synchronously with the drum 3 due to being locked, and rotates relative to it when the drum 3 rotates. During the relative rotation, the inner wall of the drum 3 is cleaned by the scraper 55, and the introduced detergent enters the isolation chamber 42 along the guide pipe 424, and then reaches the drum 3 along the isolation chamber 42. Because the guide plate 1 53 adopts a conical design and the guide plate 2 54 adopts an inverted conical design, it will play a certain guiding role, guiding the detergent to the inner surface of the circumference of the drum 3, and then falls along the guide groove 531 to the inner surface of the circumference of the annular plate 2 in turn, and the auxiliary scraper 55 cleans the inner surface of the circumference of the drum 3.

[0054] During the relative rotation of the drum 3 and the mounting base, the sealing plate 23 is intermittently misaligned with the drain trough 22, and the sewage generated by cleaning together with impurities is discharged from the casing 1 along the drain pipe 8 and the main drain pipe 81. This cleaning method can effectively clean the inner wall of the drum 3 and prevent sediment and crystals from being deposited on the inner wall of the drum 3.

[0055] It is worth noting that the above-mentioned multi-layer cross-flow circulation rare earth extraction equipment also has the following advantages:

[0056] Advantage 1. In this embodiment, multiple groups of drums 3 are arranged in the casing 1, and a spiral channel 21 is provided in the central cavity. A guide mechanism 5 is installed inside the drum 3. During extraction, the mixed solution first passes through the spiral channel 21 to extend its residence time in the casing 1. After entering the drum 3, the conical guide plate 1 53 and the inverted conical guide plate 2 54 are staggered to guide the flow of the solution, extending its movement path in the drum 3. The extended residence time makes the heavy phase and the light phase contact more fully, and the mass transfer of rare earth ions is close to the equilibrium state, thereby improving the extraction efficiency.

[0057] Advantage 2: In this embodiment, the diversion mechanism 4 at the top of the drum 3 includes a heavy phase channel 411 and a light phase channel 412. Under the action of centrifugal force, the heavy phase is thrown to the edge of the drum 3 and flows into the outer drum 3 through the heavy phase channel 411. The light phase remains at the center and enters the isolation chamber 42 through the light phase channel 412. The isolation chamber 42 is composed of a light phase weir plate 421, a heavy phase weir plate 422 and a surrounding plate 423. The light phase flows into the next-stage casing 1 through the guide pipe 424 and the connecting pipe seat 425. The heavy phase is centrifugally extracted for the second time in the outer drum 3. This design achieves efficient separation of light and heavy phases and reduces the loss of organic phase entrained in the heavy phase.

[0058] Advantage three: In this embodiment, the bidirectional servo motor 65 of the driving mechanism 6 can rotate clockwise, driving the drum 3 to reverse. At this time, the one-way limit assembly 52 causes the mounting frame 51 and the drum 3 to rotate relative to each other. The scraper 55 on the mounting frame 51 scrapes off the sediment on the inner wall of the drum 3. At the same time, the cleaning pipe 7 introduces the cleaning agent, which enters the drum 3 through the guide pipe 424. The conical guide plate guides the cleaning agent to the inner surface of the drum 3, assisting the scraper 55 in cleaning. The drum 3 rotates, the sealing plate 23 and the sewage trough 22 are misaligned, and the sewage and impurities are discharged through the sewage pipe 8, ensuring the long-term and stable operation of the equipment.

[0059] Advantage 4. In this embodiment, multiple casings 1 are connected in series through connecting pipes 11 to form a multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit. The extractant is introduced into the liquid inlet 12 of the first-stage casing 1, and the rare earth solution is introduced into the liquid inlet 2 13. The mixed solution is centrifugally extracted multiple times in the drums 3 of each stage. The light phase flows into the next-stage casing 1 through the connecting pipe seat 425 to continue extraction, and the heavy phase is discharged through the drain pipe 15. The multi-stage cross-current circulation allows the extractant and the solution to fully contact, thereby improving the extraction rate of rare earth elements, reducing the loss with the spent liquid, and improving the overall recovery rate.

[0060] Advantage 5. In this embodiment, the bottom plate of the annular plate 2 on which the drum 3 is mounted is provided with a drain trough 22, and the bottom plate of the drum 3 is provided with a corresponding sealing plate 23. During normal extraction, the sealing plate 23 closes the drain trough 22. During cleaning, the drum 3 is reversed, and the sealing plate 23 is misaligned with the drain trough 22. The sewage and impurities generated by cleaning are discharged from the casing 1 through the drain pipe 8 and the main drain pipe 81. This design does not require manual disassembly of the drum 3, and can automatically remove sediment, thereby reducing equipment blockage and component wear, and reducing maintenance workload and costs.

[0061] Advantage 6. The driving mechanism 6 of this embodiment drives the drum 3 to rotate synchronously through the bidirectional servo motor 65, the central shaft 66, the transmission disk 62 and other components. The impeller 67 stirs the mixed solution. The spiral channel 21 and the guide mechanism 5 ensure the orderly flow of the solution. The diversion mechanism 4 and the isolation chamber 42 accurately guide the light and heavy phases. The multi-stage series structure enables the extraction process to proceed continuously. The various components work together to ensure the stable operation of the equipment during the rare earth extraction process and reduce the risk of unplanned downtime.

[0062] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-layer cross-flow circulation rare earth extraction equipment, characterized in that: include: A casing (1), a plurality of casings (1) are connected in series with pipes (11) to form a multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit, a liquid inlet (12) is provided at the lower position of the casing (1), a plurality of annular plates (2) are fixedly connected inside the casing (1) to form a plurality of cavities, a through groove is provided at the upper end of the side wall of the annular plate (2) at the center and a spiral channel (21) is fixedly connected inside the annular plate (2), a drum (3) is rotatably provided in the remaining cavities, a diversion mechanism (4) is connected to the top of the drum (3), a flow guide mechanism (5) is further connected to the inside of the drum (3), and a driving mechanism (6) is also commonly connected to the bottom of the drum (3); The guide mechanism (5) includes a mounting frame (51), the mounting frame (51) is rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the outer ring of the drum (3), and the two are connected via a one-way limit assembly (52), a plurality of guide plates (53) are evenly fixedly connected to the mounting frame (51) from top to bottom, a plurality of guide plates (54) are evenly fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the inner ring of the drum (3) and are staggered with the guide plates (53), and a plurality of scraping strips (55) are evenly fixedly connected to the mounting frame (51) along the circumferential direction. Among them, the multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit is provided with a second liquid inlet (13) on the circumferential outer surface of the casing (1) at the head, and a liquid discharge port (14) is also provided on the circumferential outer surface of the casing (1), and the plurality of liquid discharge ports (14) are connected to each other through a liquid discharge pipe (15); The diverter mechanism (4) includes a diverter seat (41), the diverter seat (41) is fixedly connected to the top of the drum (3), a heavy phase channel (411) is provided at the edge of the diverter seat (41) for allowing the heavy phase to flow upward along the edge of the drum (3), a light phase channel (412) is provided at the center of the diverter seat (41) for allowing the light phase to flow outward along the center, and an isolation chamber (42) is provided outside the light phase channel (412) and is fixedly connected to the annular plate (2); The isolation chamber (42) is composed of a light phase weir plate (421) and a heavy phase weir plate (422) and a surrounding plate (423) fixedly connected therebetween. A guide pipe (424) for guiding the light phase out of the casing (1) is fixedly connected to each isolation chamber (42). Multiple guide pipes (424) are connected to each other through a connecting pipe seat (425). The connecting pipe seat (425) of the upper stage of the multi-stage centrifugal extraction unit is connected to the liquid inlet (12) of the lower stage through a connecting pipe (11). Two adjacent isolation chambers (42) are connected through a sealing seat (426), and a flow channel (427) is provided on the sealing seat (426) to communicate with the cavity in the adjacent and outer annular plate (2).

2. The multi-layer cross-flow circulation rare earth extraction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide plate 1 (53) adopts a conical design, and the guide plate 2 (54) adopts an inverted conical design, and the two are parallel to each other. A guide groove (531) is provided at the edge of the guide plate 1 (53).

3. The multi-layer cross-flow circulation rare earth extraction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism (6) includes an isolation plate (61), which is arranged below the drum (3) and fixedly connected to the inner wall of the casing (1). A transmission disc (62) is provided on the isolation plate (61), and the transmission disc (62) is rotatably connected to the lower end of the annular plate (2) near the center of the casing (1) through a connecting frame and a through-flow pipe (63). The lower end of the connecting frame is fixedly connected to a through-flow pipe (64) that passes through the isolation plate (61). The transmission disc (62) is fixedly connected to the drum (3) through a connecting rod. The upper end of the casing (1) is fixedly connected to a bidirectional servo motor (65). The drive shaft of the bidirectional servo motor (65) passes through the casing (1) and is fixedly connected to the connection frame through a central shaft (66). The central shaft (66) is rotatably connected to the spiral channel (21). The bottom end of the central shaft (66) is fixedly connected to an impeller (67).

4. The multi-layer cross-flow circulation rare earth extraction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The one-way limiting assembly (52) comprises an I-shaped frame (521), the I-shaped frame (521) being fixedly connected to the lower end of the mounting frame (51) and being rotatably connected to the annular plate (2), two ratchets with opposite rotation directions being fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the I-shaped frame (521), and ratchets corresponding to the corresponding ratchets being provided on both the annular plate (2) and the rotating drum (3).

5. The multi-layer cross-flow circulation rare earth extraction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of drainage grooves (22) are evenly and fixedly provided at the edge of the bottom plate of the annular plate (2) on which the rotary drum (3) is mounted, and a plurality of sealing plates (23) corresponding to the drainage grooves (22) are evenly and fixedly connected at the edge of the bottom plate of the rotary drum (3).

6. The multi-layer cross-flow circulation rare earth extraction equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A cleaning pipe (7) is fixedly connected to the pipe connection seat (425) via a one-way valve (4251), and the plurality of cleaning pipes (7) are all connected to the cleaning main pipe (72). A sewage pipe (8) is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the housing (1) and located above the isolation plate (61), and the plurality of sewage pipes (8) are all connected to the sewage main pipe (81).

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