Planting method for improving yield and quality of flax seeds through exogenous selenium

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of flax planting, and discloses a planting method for improving the yield and quality of flax seeds through exogenous selenium. According to the method, the exogenous selenium is sprayed, the dosage is accurately controlled, plant growth and fruit formation are promoted, positive influences are generated on morphological characteristics, and absorption and transfer of the flax to nutrient elements in soil are facilitated. The selenium fertilizer enhances the ability of plant cells to remove excessive ROS by improving the activity of SOD and other antioxidant enzymes, and is of great importance to maintenance of redox balance in the cells. The selenium also significantly reduces the influence of oxidative stress on the cell structure and function by enhancing the oxidation resistance of cells, and effectively reduces the damage caused by membrane lipid peroxidation by inhibiting the generation of MDA. Meanwhile, the selenium content of the seeds is remarkably increased, the linolenic acid content and the linoleic acid content are increased, and the nutritive value and the functional characteristics of the flaxseeds are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of sesame planting, and more particularly relates to a planting method for improving sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium. Background Art

[0002] Selenium is an essential trace element for the human body, possessing numerous biological functions. Its abundance and deficiency are directly linked to human health, playing a significant role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, thyroid disease, and diabetes. Selenium is also an essential trace element in plants, playing a crucial role in enhancing plant photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity, promoting crop growth, and, to a certain extent, increasing crop yields. my country is the most severely selenium-deficient region in the world, with low-selenium areas accounting for 72% of the country's total land area. The average daily selenium intake per capita is 26-32 μg / day, far below the lower limit recommended by the World Health Organization. Dietary selenium intake is the primary source of dietary selenium for the human body, and grain crops are a key source of dietary selenium. However, the selenium content of most agricultural products is less than 60 μg / kg, insufficient to meet daily dietary requirements. Therefore, increasing selenium concentrations in crops and increasing the production of selenium-rich crops is crucial.

[0003] Sesame is a staple oil crop in arid and semi-arid regions of North China and Northwest China. It boasts drought resistance, barrenness tolerance, and high nutritional value. Sesame is a versatile crop with nutritional, economic, and ecological benefits. Its oil contains up to 55% α-linolenic acid, an essential nutrient that the human body cannot synthesize. It has benefits such as regulating blood lipids, protecting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems, and providing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits, earning it the nickname "vascular scavenger." Sesame seeds are also rich in dietary fiber, protein, and minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and selenium, boasting outstanding nutritional value. Besides being a food, sesame oil is also a high-quality raw material for industrial applications such as paints, inks, and cosmetics. Its drying properties make it indispensable in traditional paint production. However, sesame production areas are mostly located in arid, cold, and high-altitude regions, resulting in poor natural production conditions and low yields. Current cultivation methods present numerous challenges, including extensive management, reliance on single chemical fertilizers in some areas, neglect of proper nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratios, and insufficient supplementation of trace elements. Inappropriate timing of topdressing during the seedling stage leads to excessive seedling growth and poor individual development, which in turn affects grain plumpness. When nutrients are unbalanced, the yield becomes lower, the number of berries decreases, the disease incidence rate is high, it is easily affected by the environment and weather, and the empty fruit rate is high.

[0004] Therefore, how to provide a planting method for improving sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium is a problem that needs to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a planting method for improving the yield and quality of sesame seeds by using exogenous selenium.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A planting method for improving sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium comprises the following steps: Step 1: Select sesame seeds with full grains and place them in a low-temperature plasma treatment device for low-temperature plasma activation treatment; Step 2: Spraying chitosan solution on the surface of the plasma-treated seeds and drying in the shade; Step 3: Prepare the land, plow it 20-25 cm deep, and apply base fertilizer in combination with land preparation; Step 4: Sow the shade-dried sesame seeds, and perform intertillage and weeding 2-3 times after the sesame seedlings emerge; Step 5: When the seedlings grow 3-4 true leaves, apply 5-8 kg / mu of urea, drip irrigate 5-8 L / mu of boron-calcium compound fertilizer during the budding stage, and spray selenium fertilizer on the leaves during the flowering and fruiting stages; Step 6: After harvesting, thresh and dry the sesame seeds.

[0007] Preferably, the frequency of the low-temperature plasma activation treatment in step 1 is 15-20 kHz, the power is 50-100 W, and the time is 60-120 s.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: low-temperature plasma treatment can activate metabolic enzyme activity, break seed dormancy, increase germination rate, and at the same time induce the expression of stress-resistant genes, significantly enhancing the cold resistance of seedlings.

[0009] Preferably, the mass concentration of the chitosan solution in step 2 is 0.5-2%.

[0010] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: chitosan can be adsorbed on the surface of seeds to form a breathable film, which can delay water loss and enhance water absorption efficiency, improve germination rate, promote root development, enhance seedling resistance, and at the same time has broad-spectrum antibacterial properties, inhibiting the growth of various plant pathogenic microorganisms.

[0011] Preferably, the base fertilizer in step three includes: 25-30 kg / mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and 1500-1800 kg / mu of humic acid organic fertilizer.

[0012] Preferably, in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, the mass ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O is 10-20:7-15:10-15.

[0013] Preferably, the mass content of humic acid in the humic acid organic fertilizer is ≥40%.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are: humic acid can improve the soil aggregate structure, increase the soil cation exchange capacity, and cooperate with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers to promote the long-term supply of phosphorus and potassium elements and reduce loss pollution.

[0015] Preferably, the sowing amount of sesame seeds in step 4 is 4-5 kg / mu, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and the row spacing is 20-25 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the boron content in the boron-calcium composite micro-fertilizer in step five is ≥150 g / L, and the calcium content is ≥200 g / L.

[0017] Preferably, the selenium fertilizer in step five is NaSeO3.

[0018] Preferably, the spraying amount of the selenium fertilizer in step 5 is 2-5 g / mu.

[0019] It can be seen from the above technical solution that, compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a planting method for improving sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium, which has the following beneficial effects: (1) The present invention sprays exogenous selenium and precisely controls the dosage, which promotes plant growth and fruit formation, has a positive impact on morphological characteristics, and is also beneficial to the absorption and transport of nutrients in the soil by sesame. Selenium fertilizer enhances the ability of plant cells to eliminate excess ROS by increasing the activity of SOD and other antioxidant enzymes, which is crucial for maintaining the redox balance in cells. Selenium also significantly reduces the impact of oxidative stress on cell structure and function by enhancing the antioxidant capacity of cells, and effectively reduces the damage caused by membrane lipid peroxidation by inhibiting the production of MDA. At the same time, the selenium content of the seeds is significantly increased, and the content of linolenic acid and linoleic acid is increased, which improves the nutritional value and functional properties of sesame seeds.

[0020] (2) Through scientific management and the synergy of multiple methods, the yield and quality of sesame seeds have been improved. Low-temperature plasma activation and chitosan were used to pre-treat the seeds, which defined a reasonable fertilization system. The combination of base fertilizer and topdressing provided sufficient nutrients for the growth of sesame seeds, promoted the growth and development of plants and the formation of seeds, and increased seed yield and oil content. At the same time, it improved the germination rate of seeds and the resistance of seedlings to stress, and reduced the damage caused by weeds, diseases and insects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1, a method for increasing sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Select sesame seeds with full grains and place them in a low-temperature plasma treatment device for low-temperature plasma activation treatment; Step 2: Spraying chitosan solution on the surface of the plasma-treated seeds and drying in the shade; Step 3: Prepare the land, plow 20 cm deep, and apply base fertilizer in combination with land preparation; Step 4: Sow the shade-dried sesame seeds, and perform intertillage and weeding twice after the sesame seedlings emerge; Step 5: When the seedlings grow 3-4 true leaves, apply 5kg / mu of urea, drip irrigate with 5L / mu of boron-calcium compound micro-fertilizer during the budding stage, and spray selenium fertilizer NaSeO3 3g / mu on the leaves during the flowering and fruiting stages; Step 6: After harvesting, thresh and dry the sesame seeds.

[0023] The low-temperature plasma activation treatment in step 1 is performed at a frequency of 15 kHz, a power of 50 W, and a time of 120 s.

[0024] The mass concentration of the chitosan solution in step 2 is 0.5%.

[0025] The base fertilizer in step 3 includes: 25 kg / mu of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer and 1500 kg / mu of humic acid organic fertilizer. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium compound fertilizer has a mass ratio of N, P2O5, and K2O of 15:10:12. The mass content of humic acid in the humic acid organic fertilizer is 50%.

[0026] The sowing amount of sesame seeds in step 4 is 5 kg / mu, the sowing depth is 3 cm, and the row spacing is 20 cm.

[0027] The boron content in the boron-calcium compound micro-fertilizer described in step five is 150 g / L, and the calcium content is 200 g / L.

[0028] Example 2 differs from Example 1 in that the amount of selenium fertilizer sprayed is 2 g / mu. The rest are the same.

[0029] Example 3 differs from Example 1 in that the amount of selenium fertilizer sprayed is 5 g / mu. The rest are the same.

[0030] Comparative Example 1 The difference from Example 1 is that no selenium fertilizer was sprayed. The rest are the same.

[0031] Comparative Example 2 The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of selenium fertilizer sprayed is 0.5 g / mu. The rest is the same.

[0032] The specific measurements for each embodiment and comparative example are as follows.

[0033] 1. Agronomic traits Thirty sesame plants were randomly selected to measure plant height, stem length, and stem diameter. Plant height was measured from the cotyledon trace to the capsule tip; stem length was measured from the cotyledon trace to the first branch of the main stem; and stem diameter was the diameter of the main stem at the interspecific site. The results are shown in Table 1. Foliar application of selenium fertilizer significantly affected plant height, stem length, and stem diameter of sesame. With increasing selenium fertilizer concentration, these values ​​initially increased and then decreased. While appropriate selenium fertilizer concentrations can effectively promote sesame growth, excessive concentrations can also inhibit it.

[0034] Table 1

[0035] 2. Output Thirty sesame plants were randomly selected to measure the number of fruits per plant and the number of grains per fruit. Grain yield was also measured after harvest. The results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen, with increasing concentrations of foliar selenium fertilizer, yield initially increased and then decreased. Selenium fertilizer can significantly increase sesame yield.

[0036] Table 2

[0037] 3. Antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde One gram of leaf sample was weighed and ground in an ice bath. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured using a test kit. The results are shown in Table 3. As can be seen, with increasing selenium fertilizer concentration, antioxidant enzyme activity initially increased and then rapidly decreased, reaching its highest value in Example 1. MDA content gradually decreased with increasing selenium fertilizer concentration, reaching its lowest value in Example 1. Appropriate selenium fertilizer concentrations can significantly enhance antioxidant enzyme activity in sesame, reduce oxidative damage, and improve stress resistance.

[0038] Table 3

[0039] 4. Selenium content Selenium content was determined using hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry. A 0.1 g solid sample was weighed and placed in a polytetrafluoroethylene digestion vessel. 5 mL of nitric acid was added and soaked overnight. The inner lid was secured, the stainless steel outer cover was tightened, and the sample was placed in a constant temperature drying oven. The sample was maintained at 80°C for 1–2 hours, 120°C for 1–2 hours, and then at 160°C for 4 hours. The sample was then allowed to cool naturally to room temperature. After opening the oven, it was heated on a hot plate to remove the acid from the sample until nearly dry. 1 mL of potassium ferrocyanide (100 g / L) was dissolved in 5 mL of 6 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution. The sample was transferred to a 25 mL volumetric flask, brought to volume with pure water, and mixed thoroughly for analysis. The results are shown in Table 4. As can be seen, selenium fertilizer significantly increased the selenium content of sesame seeds.

[0040] Table 4

[0041] 5. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid content The linolenic acid and linolenic acid contents in the seeds were determined using a gas chromatograph. The results are shown in Table 5. It can be seen that as the concentration of selenium fertilizer increases, the linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents in sesame seeds also increase.

[0042] Table 5

[0043] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. Reference can be made to the common and similar parts between the various embodiments. For the solutions disclosed in the embodiments, since they correspond to the methods disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method section.

[0044] The above description of the disclosed embodiments is intended to enable one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown herein but is intended to conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for increasing sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Select sesame seeds with full grains and place them in a low-temperature plasma treatment device for low-temperature plasma activation treatment; Step 2: Spraying chitosan solution on the surface of the plasma-treated seeds and drying in the shade; Step 3: Prepare the land, plow it 20-25 cm deep, and apply base fertilizer in combination with land preparation; Step 4: Sow the shade-dried sesame seeds, and perform intertillage and weeding 2-3 times after the sesame seedlings emerge; Step 5: When the seedlings grow 3-4 true leaves, apply 5-8 kg / mu of urea, drip irrigate 5-8 L / mu of boron-calcium compound fertilizer during the budding stage, and spray selenium fertilizer on the leaves during the flowering and fruiting stages; Step 6: After harvesting, thresh and dry the sesame seeds.

2. The method for increasing sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frequency of the low-temperature plasma activation treatment in step 1 is 15-20 kHz, the power is 50-100 W, and the time is 60-120 s.

3. The method for increasing sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass concentration of the chitosan solution in step 2 is 0.5-2%.

4. The method for increasing sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium according to claim 1, wherein: The base fertilizer described in step three includes: 25-30kg / mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer and 1500-1800kg / mu of humic acid organic fertilizer.

5. The method for increasing sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, the mass ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O is 10-20:7-15:10-15.

6. The method for increasing sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mass content of humic acid in the humic acid organic fertilizer is ≥40%.

7. The method for increasing sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sowing amount of sesame seeds in step 4 is 4-5 kg / mu, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm, and the row spacing is 20-25 cm.

8. The method for increasing sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boron content of the boron-calcium compound micro-fertilizer in step five is ≥150 g / L, and the calcium content is ≥200 g / L.

9. The method for increasing sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium according to claim 1, wherein: The selenium fertilizer in step 5 is NaSeO3.

10. The method for increasing sesame seed yield and quality by using exogenous selenium according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of selenium fertilizer sprayed in step 5 is 2-5 g / mu.

Images