Preparation method of laying hen feed premix rich in xanthophyll

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation, in particular to a preparation method of a laying hen feed premix rich in xanthophyll, which solves the problems of easy degradation of xanthophyll, low feed preparation efficiency, poor particle quality, unbalanced nutrition and the like by finely controlling the links of saponification, fermentation, granulation, premix preparation and the like. In the saponification process, segmented temperature control, accurate alkali liquor concentration control and repeated water washing impurity removal are adopted; the time is shortened by two-stage regulation and control of fermentation implementation; the temperature, pressure and moisture parameters are accurately adjusted during granulation, and the hardening and tempering process is optimized; nutrient components of the premix are scientifically proportioned according to the growth stage of laying hens. The invention can significantly improve the biological value of xanthophyll, improve the feed quality, ensure the health of laying hens, and enhance the growth and development, egg laying performance and egg quality of laying hens.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of feed preparation, in particular to a method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix. Background Art

[0002] As consumers' demand for high-quality eggs continues to grow, eggs rich in lutein are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to prevent eye diseases and provide antioxidant benefits. Adding lutein to laying hen feed to produce high-quality eggs has become a research hotspot in the industry. However, the preparation process of lutein-rich laying hen feed premixes currently faces many technical bottlenecks. In the saponification process, the control of parameters such as temperature, time, and alkali concentration directly affects the stability and bioavailability of lutein. In existing technologies, some manufacturers use a single temperature and a fixed alkali concentration for saponification. When the temperature is too high (over 80°C), the conjugated double bonds in the lutein molecular structure are prone to isomerization reactions, as shown in formula (1): ; The biological activity of trans-lutein is greatly reduced, resulting in a decrease in the effective utilization rate of lutein in feed. Excessive alkali concentration (over 15%) will trigger the degradation reaction of lutein. The degradation rate is positively correlated with the alkali concentration and can be approximately expressed by formula (2): ; Where v is the degradation rate of lutein, k is the reaction rate constant, is the hydroxide ion concentration, and n is the reaction order (generally n = 1-2). In addition, if impurities and residual alkali are not completely removed after saponification, the residual alkali will react with nutrients such as vitamin C in the feed, as shown in formula (3): ; This not only destroys nutrients but also causes corrosion to the digestive tract of laying hens, affecting their health and feed palatability. The fermentation process plays a crucial role in feed preparation, improving nutritional structure and digestibility. However, traditional fermentation techniques often rely on fixed temperatures and a single fermentation strain, resulting in fermentation cycles of up to 3-5 days, leading to low production efficiency and increased costs. This is because conditions are not optimized based on the metabolic characteristics of the fermentation strain at different growth stages, preventing it from fully stimulating its activity. During pelleting, parameters such as temperature, pressure, and moisture significantly impact pellet quality. Excessively low temperatures (below 60°C) lead to inadequate starch gelatinization, resulting in insufficient pellet hardness and easy breakage during transportation. Excessively high temperatures (above 85°C) destroy heat-sensitive nutrients, such as vitamin E, accelerating its oxidation reaction rate, reducing its content. Improper pressure and moisture control can result in pellets that are too hard or too soft. Excessively hard pellets (hardness >15N) are difficult for laying hens to consume, while excessively soft pellets (hardness <5N) have poor flowability and are prone to mold. In terms of premix formulation design, due to the significant differences in nutritional requirements of laying hens during their different growth stages, such as the brooding, rearing, and laying periods, some existing premixes suffer from inappropriate nutrient ratios. For example, an imbalanced calcium-phosphorus ratio (deviating from a 2:1 ratio) in brooding feed can affect chick bone development; while insufficient lutein addition (less than 0.1%) during laying can't effectively increase the lutein content in eggs, affecting egg quality.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix that can finely control each preparation link and solve the above-mentioned problems, so as to achieve stable production of high-quality feed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix. By finely controlling key steps such as saponification, fermentation, granulation and premix preparation, the present invention solves the problems of lutein degradation, low feed preparation efficiency, poor pellet quality and nutritional imbalance in the prior art, thereby improving the biological efficacy of lutein, ensuring the health of laying hens, and enhancing egg quality and feed market competitiveness.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix, characterized by comprising the following steps: Saponification step: mixing the lutein-containing raw material with alkali solution in a mass ratio of 1:3-1:5, first saponifying at 40-60°C and a stirring speed of 100-200 r / min for 1-3 hours, then heating to 60-80°C and stirring at a speed of 150-250 r / min for saponification for 0.5-1.5 hours, wherein the alkali solution concentration is 5-15%, and after saponification, washing is performed 3-5 times, and after each washing, centrifugation is performed at a speed of 2000-4000 r / min for 10-20 minutes to remove impurities and residual alkali solution; wherein, the alkali solution concentration is adjusted according to the characteristics of the lutein-containing raw material: 5-8% alkali solution is recommended for marigold extract, 8-12% alkali solution is recommended for corn gluten meal, and 10-15% alkali solution is recommended for alfalfa meal to balance saponification efficiency and lutein stability; Fermentation step: adding fermentation bacteria to the saponified product at a mass ratio of 0.5-2%, and controlling the fermentation conditions in stages. In the first stage, fermentation is carried out at 25-35°C, pH 6-7, and a dissolved oxygen content of not less than 5 mg / L for 6-12 hours, during which the pH and dissolved oxygen content are monitored and adjusted every 2 hours. In the second stage, fermentation is carried out at 30-40°C, pH 5-6, and a dissolved oxygen content of not less than 3 mg / L for 4-8 hours. The fermentation time is shortened by 20-50% compared with the traditional method. Pellet making process: The fermentation product is mixed with other raw materials according to the nutritional requirements of laying hens at different growth stages, and then pelletized. Before pelletizing, the mixture is tempered at 55-80°C and steam pressure of 0.1-0.3MPa for 2-5 minutes. The pelletizing temperature is controlled at 60-85°C, the pressure is controlled at 0.2-0.6MPa, and the moisture content is controlled at 12-16%. A ring die pelletizer is used with an aperture of 2-4mm. Other raw materials include energy feed, protein feed, mineral carriers, and auxiliary materials. Energy feed includes corn and bran, protein feed includes soybean meal and corn gluten meal, and mineral carriers include stone powder and calcium hydrogen phosphate. Different growth stages of laying hens include brooding period and laying period. Premix preparation steps: According to the different growth stages of laying hens, different proportions of lutein, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients are added, with vitamins accounting for 0.5-3%, minerals accounting for 2-8%, and lutein accounting for 0.1-1%; Packaging steps: The prepared premix is ​​sealed in a moisture-proof, light-proof composite packaging bag with an oxygen transmission rate of ≤5cm³ / (m²・24h・0.1MPa) and a water vapor transmission rate of ≤1g / (m²・24h).

[0006] Specifically, in the saponification step, the alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide solution or a potassium hydroxide solution, and the alkali solution is expressed in mass fraction.

[0007] Specifically, in the fermentation step, the fermentation bacteria are a combination of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of 1:1-1:2, or one of lactic acid bacteria and yeast.

[0008] Specifically, in the granulation step, the granules are cooled after granulation until the difference between the granule temperature and the ambient temperature is ≤5°C.

[0009] Specifically, in the premix preparation step, vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, etc., and minerals include calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, manganese, etc., and a three-dimensional motion mixer is used to mix the various nutrients, with a mixing time of 15-30 minutes and a mixing speed of 10-20 r / min.

[0010] Specifically, in the saponification step, the lutein-containing raw material is one or more combinations of marigold extract, corn protein powder or alfalfa powder.

[0011] Specifically, in the fermentation step, the ventilation volume in the first stage is 0.5-1.5L / (L・min), and the ventilation volume is controlled by a rotor flowmeter. The rotor flowmeter needs to be calibrated with a soap film flowmeter before use. The calibration temperature is 25°C and the pressure is 1 standard atmosphere to ensure that the ventilation volume error is ≤±5%; during ventilation, it needs to pass through a 0.22μm sterile air filter to prevent contamination by miscellaneous bacteria.

[0012] Specifically, in the granulation step, the steam quality during conditioning requires a dryness of ≥0.9 and a temperature fluctuation range of ±5°C.

[0013] Specifically, in the step of preparing the premix, the proportion of lutein is adjusted to 0.5-1%, the proportion of vitamins to 1-3%, the proportion of minerals to 3-8%, and 0.01-0.05% of antioxidants are added according to the laying period of laying hens.

[0014] Specifically, after the packaging step, the packaged premix is ​​tested for sealing properties using a vacuum decay method with a test pressure of -20 kPa and a holding time of 5 minutes. Premixes are considered qualified if the pressure decay does not exceed 2 kPa.

[0015] Specifically, in the saponification step, deionized water is used for washing, and the water temperature is controlled at 20-30°C to reduce the dissolution loss of lutein; the centrifugal equipment uses a horizontal spiral unloading sedimentation centrifuge, which needs to be preheated to 30-40°C before centrifugation to avoid lutein degradation caused by sudden temperature changes.

[0016] Specifically, in the fermentation step, the number of viable lactic acid bacteria is ≥ 1×10 9 CFU / g, number of viable yeast cells ≥1.5×10 9 CFU / g; when adjusting the pH, use 1 mol / L citric acid solution or 1 mol / L sodium bicarbonate solution and slowly add it dropwise to control the pH fluctuation range to ≤0.5.

[0017] Specifically, during the granulation step, the steam dryness is monitored in real time through a steam-water separator and a humidity sensor. When the dryness is insufficient, the steam superheater is started to increase the dryness. The cooling equipment uses a countercurrent cooler, the cooling medium is room temperature air, and the wind speed is controlled at 1.5-2.0m / s to ensure that the temperature inside and outside the particles drops evenly.

[0018] Specifically, in the premix preparation step, the mixing uniformity needs to be tested after mixing, using the chloride ion tracer method: take a sample of the mixed premix and measure the coefficient of variation (CV) of the chloride ion content. The CV is required to be ≤5% to ensure uniform distribution of nutrients.

[0019] Specifically, during the packaging process, a vacuum decay leak detector (such as the MoconMAP2000) is used to test the sealability. The procedure is as follows: Place the package sample in a seal test chamber, evacuate to -20kPa, and maintain the vacuum for 5 minutes. If the pressure decay is ≤2kPa, the package is considered sealed. Before testing, the equipment accuracy must be calibrated with a standard leak. The composite packaging bag is made of a three-layer PET / AL / PE structure: an outer layer of 12μm polyester (PET), a middle layer of 9μm aluminum foil (AL), and an inner layer of 70μm low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The light shielding rate is ≥99%, and the moisture resistance meets the requirements of storage at an RH ≤40% for 6 months.

[0020] Beneficial effects of the present invention: Significantly improve feed preparation efficiency: The fermentation process uses two-stage conditional control to fully stimulate the activity of the fermentation bacteria, shortening the fermentation time from the traditional 3-5 days to 1-2 days, a reduction of 20-50%. This not only improves equipment utilization, but also reduces energy consumption and labor costs, improving production efficiency and economic benefits for enterprises.

[0021] Optimizing pellet quality: The pelleting process precisely controls temperature, pressure, and moisture parameters, combined with rigorous conditioning and cooling processes, resulting in pellets with moderate hardness (5-15N), a smooth surface, and excellent flowability. Testing has shown that pellet breakage during transportation and storage is 15-20% lower than with traditional processes, effectively reducing feed loss while facilitating digestion and improving feed conversion rates.

[0022] Guaranteeing balanced nutrition for laying hens: The premix incorporates scientifically formulated nutrients tailored to the different growth stages of laying hens, ensuring their nutritional needs are precisely met at each stage. During the brooding period, a balanced calcium-to-phosphorus ratio (2:1) promotes healthy bone development in chicks. Increased amounts of lutein and vitamins during the laying period effectively improve egg production (by 10-15%) and egg quality, resulting in darker yolk color, stronger eggshells, and a 20-30% increase in lutein content.

[0023] Enhanced premix quality stability: Refined control throughout the entire process, from raw material processing to packaging, combined with well-sealed packaging materials and rigorous sealing testing, effectively prevents premix from moisture, oxidation, and contamination during storage and transportation. This is verified by accelerated aging testing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0025] Figure 1 The present invention provides a flow chart of a method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easier to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix of the present invention specifically comprises the following steps: Saponification Step: Select a lutein-containing raw material, such as marigold extract, corn gluten meal, or alfalfa meal, and add it to an alkali solution (sodium hydroxide solution or potassium hydroxide solution) in a mass ratio of 1:3-5 to a reactor. The first saponification reaction is carried out at 40-60°C and a stirring speed of 100-200 rpm for 1-3 hours. This mild condition reduces premature degradation of the lutein. The temperature is then raised to 60-80°C and the stirring speed is increased to 150-250 rpm. Saponification is continued for 0.5-1.5 hours to ensure sufficient saponification. After saponification, the reactor is rinsed with deionized water (3-5 times the mass of the raw material). After rinsing, the reactor is transferred to a centrifuge and centrifuged at 2000-4000 rpm for 10-20 minutes to remove impurities and residual alkali. The washing and centrifugation process is repeated 3-5 times until the pH of the washing solution approaches 7.

[0028] Fermentation steps: A fermentation strain (a combination of lactic acid bacteria and yeast at a 1:1-2 mass ratio, or a single strain) is added to the saponified product at a ratio of 0.5-2% by mass and placed in a fermenter. In the first stage, fermentation is carried out at 25-35°C, a pH of 6-7, and a dissolved oxygen level of at least 5 mg / L for 6-12 hours. Dissolved oxygen levels are maintained by aeration with sterile air at a rate of 0.5-1.5 L / (L·min) using a rotameter. The pH is adjusted every two hours with a pH adjuster (such as citric acid or sodium bicarbonate). In the second stage, the temperature is raised to 30-40°C, the pH is adjusted to 5-6, and the dissolved oxygen level is maintained at at least 3 mg / L. Fermentation continues for another 4-8 hours. This two-stage fermentation process shortens fermentation time by 20-50% compared to traditional methods, fully utilizing the metabolic characteristics of the strains at different growth stages to improve fermentation efficiency and product quality.

[0029] Pelletizing: The fermentation product is mixed with other ingredients, such as corn flour, soybean meal, and bran, according to the recipe and then fed into a conditioner. Conditioning is carried out for 2-5 minutes at 55-80°C and a steam pressure of 0.1-0.3 MPa, with a steam dryness of ≥0.9 and a temperature fluctuation range of ±5°C, to fully soften and mature the raw materials. The conditioned material is then conveyed to a ring die pelletizer, where the pelletizing temperature is controlled at 60-85°C, the pressure at 0.2-0.6 MPa, and the moisture content at 12-16%. Pelletizing is performed using a ring die with an aperture of 2-4 mm. After pelletizing, the pellets are cooled in a cooler to a temperature difference of ≤5°C from the ambient temperature. This prevents mold and nutrient loss due to high temperatures, ensuring the pellets have a moderate hardness (5-15N), good flowability, and storage stability.

[0030] Premix preparation steps: Lutein, vitamins (such as A, D, E, and K), and minerals (such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and manganese) are strategically proportioned based on the nutritional requirements of laying hens at different growth stages (brooding, rearing, and laying). Vitamins account for 0.5-3%, minerals for 2-8%, and lutein for 0.1-1%. During peak egg production, adjust the lutein content to 0.5-1%, vitamins to 1-3%, and minerals to 3-8%. Add 0.01-0.05% of an antioxidant (such as butylated hydroxyanisole). Combine all nutrients in a three-dimensional motion mixer and mix at 10-20 rpm for 15-30 minutes to ensure uniform mixing. This ensures that the nutritional requirements of laying hens at different growth stages are met and that the health and egg-laying performance of the hens are maintained.

[0031] Packaging: The prepared premix is ​​sealed in moisture-proof and light-proof composite packaging bags with an oxygen transmission rate of ≤5 cm³ / (m²・24h・0.1MPa) and a water vapor transmission rate of ≤1g / (m²・24h). After packaging, the packaging is tested for sealing using the vacuum decay method at a pressure of -20kPa for 5 minutes. A pressure decay of no more than 2kPa is considered acceptable. This prevents moisture and oxidation during storage and transportation, ensuring stable premix quality.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] Saponification step: 100 kg of marigold extract, containing lutein, was placed in a stainless steel reactor equipped with a stirring device and temperature control system. 300 kg of 5% sodium hydroxide solution was slowly added to the reactor. Stirring was started at 100 rpm, and the reactor temperature was raised to 40°C for the first saponification reaction, which lasted 3 hours. This stage, using a lower temperature and slower stirring speed, minimized lutein degradation during the initial saponification phase.

[0034] After 3 hours, the reactor temperature was raised to 60°C, the stirring speed was increased to 150 rpm, and the second saponification reaction was continued for 1.5 hours to ensure that the saponification reaction was fully progressed. After the saponification was completed, 300 kg of deionized water was added to the reactor for the first water wash. After stirring for 10 minutes to mix the solution evenly, the material was transferred to a centrifuge and the centrifuge speed was set to 2000 rpm. Centrifugation was performed for 20 minutes, and the supernatant containing impurities and some residual alkali was discarded. The above water washing and centrifugation operation was repeated three times, using 300 kg of deionized water each time, until the pH value of the washing liquid was close to 7 as measured by a pH meter, resulting in a relatively pure saponification product.

[0035] Fermentation step: transfer the saponified product to a fermentation tank and add lactic acid bacteria (bacterial activity ≥ 1×10 9 CFU / g). Sterile air was introduced into the fermenter, with the ventilation rate controlled at 0.5 L / (L・min) using a rotameter. The fermenter temperature was maintained at 25°C. The pH value of the fermentation system was adjusted to 6 using a pH regulator (citric acid), and the dissolved oxygen content was maintained at no less than 5 mg / L. The first stage of fermentation was carried out for 12 hours. During the fermentation process, the pH value and dissolved oxygen content were monitored every 2 hours using a pH meter and a dissolved oxygen meter, respectively. If the pH value deviated from 6, citric acid was added promptly for adjustment. If the dissolved oxygen content fell below 5 mg / L, the ventilation rate was appropriately increased.

[0036] After the first stage of fermentation, the fermenter temperature was raised to 30°C, the pH was adjusted to 5 with sodium bicarbonate, and the dissolved oxygen level was maintained at no less than 3 mg / L. The second stage of fermentation, which lasted for 8 hours, was then carried out. The fermentation product was obtained after the fermentation was completed. Testing showed that this stage of fermentation took 20% less time than traditional fermentation methods.

[0037] Pelletizing process: The fermentation product was thoroughly mixed with 500kg of corn flour, 200kg of soybean meal, and 100kg of bran in a mixer and then fed into a conditioner. Steam with a dryness of 0.9 and a pressure of 0.1 MPa was introduced into the conditioner, and the material was conditioned at 55°C for 5 minutes to fully soften and mature the raw materials. The conditioned material was then fed into a ring die pelletizer with a 2mm die aperture. The pelletizing temperature was set at 60°C and the pressure was 0.2 MPa, with a moisture content of 12%. After pelletizing, the pellets were cooled in a chiller to a temperature ≤5°C above ambient temperature. The pellet hardness was measured using a KPM-5000 pellet hardness tester with a measurement range of 0-50N and an accuracy of ±0.1N, which met the testing requirements of GB / T16765-2008, "General Technical Conditions for Pellet Feeds." The test results showed that the pellets had moderate hardness, good flowability, and storage stability.

[0038] Premix preparation steps: Prepare a premix based on the nutritional requirements of laying hens during the brooding period. Weigh 0.5 kg of lutein, 0.1 kg of vitamin A, 0.1 kg of vitamin D, 0.1 kg of vitamin E, 20 kg of calcium, 10 kg of phosphorus, 0.5 kg of iron, and 0.5 kg of zinc, among other nutrients, and place them in a three-dimensional motion mixer at a mixing speed of 10 r / min for 15 minutes to thoroughly mix all the nutrients. This yields a lutein-rich premix for laying hens during the brooding period.

[0039] Packaging: The prepared premix is ​​sealed in moisture-proof, light-proof composite packaging bags with an oxygen permeability of 3 cm³ / (m²・24h・0.1MPa) and a water vapor permeability of 0.8 g / (m²・24h). After packaging, the bag is tested for leak tightness using the vacuum decay method. The packaged premix is ​​placed in a vacuum testing chamber, evacuated to -20 kPa, and maintained at this pressure for 5 minutes. The pressure decays to 1 kPa, confirming compliance with leak tightness requirements.

[0040] 1,000 14-day-old chicks were selected and divided into a control group (traditional calcium-phosphorus ratio 1:1) and an experimental group (calcium-phosphorus ratio of the present invention 2:1), with 500 chicks in each group. The results were tested after 4 weeks of feeding: The bone density of chicks in the experimental group increased by 18% compared with the control group, and the incidence of rickets decreased from 8% to 2%; The concentrations of calcium and phosphorus in serum reached 2.2mmol / L and 1.6mmol / L, respectively, both within the ideal range for the brooding period (2.0-2.5mmol / L, 1.5-1.8mmol / L).

[0041] Example 2

[0042] Saponification step: 120 kg of corn gluten meal, the lutein-containing raw material, was placed in a reactor and 480 kg of an 8% potassium hydroxide solution was added. Stirring was initiated at 120 rpm, while the reactor temperature was raised to 45°C for the first saponification reaction for 2.5 hours. The temperature was then raised to 65°C, the stirring speed adjusted to 180 rpm, and saponification continued for 1.2 hours. After saponification, the reactor was rinsed with 480 kg of deionized water. After stirring, the mixture was centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 15 minutes, and the supernatant was discarded. The washing and centrifugation process was repeated four times until the pH of the washing solution approached 7, yielding the saponified product.

[0043] Fermentation step: transfer the saponified product to a fermentation tank and add yeast (viability ≥ 1.2×10 9 CFU / g). Sterile air was introduced at a controlled aeration rate of 0.8 L / (L・min). The fermenter temperature was maintained at 28°C, the pH at 6.2, and the dissolved oxygen level at least 5 mg / L. The first stage of fermentation was conducted for 10 hours, during which the pH and dissolved oxygen levels were monitored and adjusted every 2 hours. After the first stage, the temperature was raised to 32°C, the pH was adjusted to 5.2, and the dissolved oxygen level was maintained at no less than 3 mg / L. The second stage of fermentation was conducted for 7 hours. After completion of the first stage, the fermentation time was shortened by 25% compared to traditional methods.

[0044] Pelletizing: The fermentation product was mixed with 450kg of corn flour, 220kg of soybean meal, and 130kg of bran. The mixture was then fed into a conditioner. Conditioning was performed for 3 minutes at 65°C, a steam pressure of 0.2 MPa, and a steam dryness of 0.92. The material was then conveyed to a pelletizer with a 2.5mm ring die aperture and pelletized at 68°C and 0.3 MPa, with a moisture content controlled at 13%. After pelletizing, the pellets were cooled to a temperature ≤5°C above the ambient temperature. Testing revealed a pellet hardness of 8N.

[0045] Premix preparation steps: For the laying hen rearing period, weigh 0.8kg of lutein, 0.3kg of vitamin A, 0.2kg of vitamin D, 0.2kg of vitamin E, 30kg of calcium, 15kg of phosphorus, 0.8kg of iron, 0.7kg of zinc and other nutrients, put them into a three-dimensional motion mixer, mix them at a speed of 15r / min for 20min, and prepare the laying hen rearing period premix.

[0046] Packaging steps: The premix is ​​packaged in composite packaging bags with an oxygen permeability of 2.5 cm³ / (m²・24h・0.1MPa) and a water vapor permeability of 0.7 g / (m²・24h). After sealing, a vacuum decay test is performed. The bag is kept at -20 kPa for 5 minutes, and the pressure decays to 0.8 kPa, indicating that the packaging is qualified.

[0047] Example 3

[0048] Saponification step: A mixture of 80 kg of alfalfa meal and 40 kg of marigold extract was selected as the lutein-containing raw material. 600 kg of 10% sodium hydroxide solution was added to the reactor. The first saponification stage was carried out at 50°C and a stirring speed of 150 rpm for 2 hours. The temperature was then raised to 70°C and saponification continued at 200 rpm for 1 hour. After saponification, the mixture was washed with 600 kg of deionized water and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 12 minutes. This washing and centrifugation cycle was repeated five times until the pH of the washing solution reached 7, yielding the saponified product.

[0049] Fermentation steps: Add the saponified product to the fermenter, followed by a 1.5% by mass ratio of a mixed strain of lactic acid bacteria and yeast (1:1 by mass). The first stage is fermented for 8 hours at 30°C, pH 6.5, dissolved oxygen at least 5 mg / L, and aeration at 1 L / (L / min). Parameters are monitored and adjusted every 2 hours. In the second stage, the temperature is raised to 35°C, the pH is adjusted to 5.5, and the dissolved oxygen level is maintained at no less than 3 mg / L. The fermentation time is then reduced by 30%.

[0050] Pelletizing: The fermentation product was mixed with 520 kg of corn flour, 180 kg of soybean meal, and 100 kg of bran. The mixture was then tempered at 75°C, 0.25 MPa steam pressure, and a steam quality of 0.93 for 2.5 minutes. The pellets were pelletized using a pelletizer with a 3 mm ring die at 75°C and 0.4 MPa pressure. The moisture content was controlled at 14%. After cooling, the pellet temperature was ≤5°C above the ambient temperature, and the pellet hardness was 10N.

[0051] Premix preparation steps: For laying hens in the early stage of egg production, weigh 1 kg of lutein, 0.5 kg of vitamin A, 0.3 kg of vitamin D, 0.3 kg of vitamin E, 35 kg of calcium, 18 kg of phosphorus, 1 kg of iron, 0.9 kg of zinc, etc., and mix them in a three-dimensional motion mixer at a speed of 18 r / min for 25 minutes to prepare a premix.

[0052] Packaging steps: Package in composite packaging bags with an oxygen permeability of 2cm³ / (m²・24h・0.1MPa) and a water vapor permeability of 0.6g / (m²・24h). After sealing, test the bag using the vacuum decay method. Maintain a pressure of -20kPa for 5 minutes, and the pressure decays to 0.6kPa. The bag is considered qualified.

[0053] Example 4

[0054] Saponification step: 150 kg of corn gluten meal was added to a reactor with 750 kg of 12% potassium hydroxide solution. The first saponification step was carried out at 55°C and 180 rpm with stirring for 1.8 hours. The temperature was then raised to 75°C and saponification continued at 220 rpm for 1 hour. After saponification, the product was washed with 750 kg of deionized water and centrifuged at 3500 rpm for 10 minutes. This washing and centrifugation process was repeated four times until the pH of the washing solution approached 7 to obtain the saponified product.

[0055] Fermentation steps: The saponified product was transferred to a fermentation tank, and lactic acid bacteria were added at a 1.2% mass ratio. The first stage was fermented for 7 hours at 32°C, pH 6.8, dissolved oxygen at least 5 mg / L, and aeration at 1.2 L / (L·min), with parameters adjusted every 2 hours. In the second stage, the temperature was raised to 38°C, the pH was adjusted to 5.8, and the dissolved oxygen was maintained at no less than 3 mg / L. The fermentation time was then reduced by 35%.

[0056] Pelletizing: The fermentation product was mixed with 480 kg of corn flour, 200 kg of soybean meal, and 120 kg of bran. The mixture was then tempered at 80°C, 0.3 MPa steam pressure, and a steam dryness of 0.95 for 2 minutes. The pellets were pelletized in a pelletizer with a 3.5 mm ring die at 80°C and 0.5 MPa. The moisture content was controlled at 15%. After cooling, the pellet temperature was ≤5°C above the ambient temperature, and the pellet hardness was 12N.

[0057] Premix preparation steps: for laying hens during the peak egg-laying period, weigh 1.5 kg of lutein, 0.8 kg of vitamin A, 0.5 kg of vitamin D, 0.5 kg of vitamin E, 40 kg of calcium, 20 kg of phosphorus, 1.2 kg of iron, and 1.1 kg of zinc, and add 0.03% butylated hydroxyanisole as an antioxidant. Mix in a three-dimensional motion mixer at a speed of 20 r / min for 30 minutes to make a premix.

[0058] Packaging steps: Use composite packaging bags with an oxygen permeability of 1.5cm³ / (m²・24h・0.1MPa) and a water vapor permeability of 0.5g / (m²・24h). After sealing, use the vacuum decay method to test the product. The pressure is maintained at -20kPa for 5 minutes, and the pressure decays by 0.5kPa. The packaging is qualified.

[0059] 1,000 laying hens aged 28 weeks were selected and divided into a control group (traditional formula, lutein 0.3%, calcium 3.0%) and an experimental group (formula of the present invention), with 500 hens in each group. After feeding for 8 weeks, the following statistics were obtained: The egg production rate of the experimental group was 92%, which was 15% higher than that of the control group (80%); The lutein content in egg yolks reached 12 mg / egg, a 50% increase compared to the control group (8 mg / egg) (detected by high performance liquid chromatography); The eggshell hardness was 4.5N / mm², 18% higher than the control group (3.8N / mm²), and the egg breakage rate dropped from 5% to 2%.

[0060] Example 5

[0061] Saponification step: A mixture of 100 kg alfalfa meal and 80 kg corn gluten meal was added to a reactor with 900 kg of 15% sodium hydroxide solution. The first saponification step was carried out at 60°C and 200 rpm with stirring for 1.5 hours. The temperature was then raised to 80°C and saponification continued at 250 rpm for 0.5 hours. After saponification, the mixture was washed with 900 kg of deionized water and centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes. This washing and centrifugation process was repeated five times until the pH of the washing solution reached 7, yielding the saponified product.

[0062] Fermentation steps: Add the saponified product to the fermentation tank and add yeast at a 2% mass ratio. The first stage is fermented for 6 hours at 35°C, pH 7, dissolved oxygen at least 5 mg / L, and aeration at 1.5 L / (L・min). Adjust the parameters every 2 hours. The second stage is heated to 40°C, adjusted to pH 6, and maintained at a dissolved oxygen level of at least 3 mg / L. Fermentation is then continued for 4 hours, shortening the fermentation time by 40%.

[0063] Pelletizing: The fermentation product was mixed with 550 kg of corn flour, 150 kg of soybean meal, and 100 kg of bran. The mixture was then tempered at 78°C, 0.28 MPa steam pressure, and a steam quality of 0.94 for 2.2 minutes. The pellets were pelletized using a pelletizer with a 4 mm ring die at 85°C and 0.6 MPa pressure. The moisture content was controlled at 16%. After cooling, the pellet temperature was ≤5°C above the ambient temperature, and the pellet hardness was 13N.

[0064] Premix preparation steps: for laying hens in the peak egg-laying period, weigh 2 kg of lutein, 1 kg of vitamin A, 0.6 kg of vitamin D, 0.6 kg of vitamin E, 45 kg of calcium, 22 kg of phosphorus, 1.5 kg of iron, and 1.3 kg of zinc, add 0.05% butylated hydroxyanisole, and mix in a three-dimensional motion mixer at a speed of 20 r / min for 30 minutes to prepare a premix.

[0065] Packaging steps: Package in composite packaging bags with an oxygen permeability of 1 cm³ / (m²・24h・0.1MPa) and a water vapor permeability of 0.4g / (m²・24h). After sealing, test the bag using the vacuum decay method. Maintain a pressure of -20kPa for 5 minutes, and the pressure decays to 0.4kPa. The bag is considered qualified.

[0066] Example 6

[0067] Saponification step: 130 kg of marigold extract was added to a reactor with 520 kg of 7% potassium hydroxide solution. The first saponification step was carried out at 42°C and 110 rpm with stirring for 2.8 hours. The temperature was then raised to 62°C and saponification continued at 160 rpm for 1.3 hours. After saponification, the extract was washed with 520 kg of deionized water and centrifuged at 2200 rpm for 18 minutes. This washing and centrifugation step was repeated three times until the pH of the washing solution approached 7 to obtain the saponified product.

[0068] Fermentation steps: The saponified product was transferred to a fermenter, where a mixture of lactic acid bacteria and yeast (1:2 by mass) was added at a 0.8% mass ratio. The first stage was fermented for 11 hours at 26°C, pH 6.3, dissolved oxygen at least 5 mg / L, and aeration at 0.6 L / (L·min), with parameters adjusted every two hours. In the second stage, the temperature was raised to 31°C, the pH was adjusted to 5.3, and the dissolved oxygen was maintained at no less than 3 mg / L. The fermentation time was then reduced by 22% for 7.5 hours.

[0069] Pelletizing: The fermentation product was mixed with 530kg of corn flour, 170kg of soybean meal, and 100kg of bran. The mixture was then tempered at 60°C, 0.15MPa steam pressure, and a steam quality of 0.91 for 4 minutes. The pellets were pelletized in a pelletizer with a 2.2mm ring die at 62°C and 0.25MPa. The moisture content was controlled at 12.5%. After cooling, the pellet temperature was ≤5°C above the ambient temperature, and the pellet hardness was 7N.

[0070] Premix preparation steps: For laying hens in the late rearing period, weigh 0.6 kg of lutein, 0.2 kg of vitamin A, 0.15 kg of vitamin D, 0.15 kg of vitamin E, 25 kg of calcium, 12 kg of phosphorus, 0.6 kg of iron, and 0.6 kg of zinc, and mix them in a three-dimensional motion mixer at a speed of 12 r / min for 18 minutes to prepare a premix.

[0071] Packaging steps: Use composite packaging bags with an oxygen permeability of 2.8cm³ / (m²・24h・0.1MPa) and a water vapor permeability of 0.85g / (m²・24h). After sealing, use the vacuum decay method to test the product. The pressure is maintained at -20kPa for 5 minutes, and the pressure decay is 0.9kPa. The packaging is qualified.

[0072] The basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention are shown and described above. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above-described embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Saponification step: mixing the lutein-containing raw material with alkali solution in a mass ratio of 1:3-1:5, first saponifying at 40-60°C and stirring at 100-200 r / min for 1-3 hours, then heating to 60-80°C and stirring at 150-250 r / min for saponification for 0.5-1.5 hours, wherein the concentration of the alkali solution is 5-15%, and washing with water 3-5 times after saponification. After each washing, centrifugation at 2000-4000 r / min for 10-20 minutes is performed to remove impurities and residual alkali solution; Fermentation step: adding fermentation bacteria to the saponified product at a mass ratio of 0.5-2%, and controlling the fermentation conditions in stages. In the first stage, fermentation is carried out at 25-35° C., pH 6-7, and a dissolved oxygen content of not less than 5 mg / L for 6-12 hours, during which the pH and dissolved oxygen content are monitored and adjusted every 2 hours. In the second stage, fermentation is carried out at 30-40° C., pH 5-6, and a dissolved oxygen content of not less than 3 mg / L for 4-8 hours. Pellet making process: The fermentation product is mixed with other raw materials according to the nutritional requirements of laying hens at different growth stages, and then pelletized. Before pelletizing, the mixture is tempered at 55-80°C and steam pressure of 0.1-0.3MPa for 2-5 minutes. The pelletizing temperature is controlled at 60-85°C, the pressure is controlled at 0.2-0.6MPa, and the moisture content is controlled at 12-16%. A ring die pelletizer is used with an aperture of 2-4mm. Other raw materials include energy feed, protein feed, mineral carriers, and auxiliary materials. Energy feed includes corn and bran, protein feed includes soybean meal and corn gluten meal, and mineral carriers include stone powder and calcium hydrogen phosphate. Different growth stages of laying hens include brooding period and laying period. Premix preparation steps: According to the different growth stages of laying hens, lutein, vitamins, and mineral nutrients are mixed in different proportions, with vitamins accounting for 0.5-3%, minerals accounting for 2-8%, and lutein accounting for 0.1-1%; Packaging steps: The prepared premix is ​​sealed in a moisture-proof, light-proof composite packaging bag with an oxygen transmission rate of ≤5cm³ / m²・24h・0.1MPa and a water vapor transmission rate of ≤1g / m²・24h.

2. The method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix according to claim 1, wherein: In the saponification step, the alkali solution is a sodium hydroxide solution or a potassium hydroxide solution, and the alkali solution is expressed by mass fraction.

3. The method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix according to claim 1, wherein: In the fermentation step, the fermentation bacteria are a combination of lactic acid bacteria and yeast in a mass ratio of 1:1-1:2, or one of lactic acid bacteria and yeast.

4. The method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix according to claim 1, wherein: In the granulation step, the granules are cooled after granulation until the difference between the granule temperature and the ambient temperature is ≤5°C.

5. The method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix according to claim 1, wherein: In the premix preparation step, the vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and vitamin K, and the minerals include calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and manganese. A three-dimensional motion mixer is used to mix the nutrients, with a mixing time of 15-30 minutes and a mixing speed of 10-20 r / min.

6. The method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix according to claim 1, wherein: In the saponification step, the lutein-containing raw material is one or more combinations of marigold extract, corn protein powder or alfalfa powder.

7. The method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix according to claim 1, wherein: In the fermentation step, the ventilation volume in the first stage is 0.5-1.5 L / L·min, and the ventilation volume is controlled by a rotor flow meter.

8. The method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix according to claim 1, wherein: In the granulation step, the steam quality during conditioning requires a dryness of ≥0.9 and a temperature fluctuation range of ±5°C.

9. The method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix according to claim 1, wherein: In the step of preparing the premix, the proportion of lutein is adjusted to 0.5-1%, the proportion of vitamins to 1-3%, the proportion of minerals to 3-8%, and 0.01-0.05% of antioxidants are added according to the laying period of the laying hens.

10. The method for preparing a lutein-rich laying hen feed premix according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the packaging step, the packaged premix is ​​tested for sealing properties using a vacuum decay method with a test pressure of -20 kPa and a holding time of 5 minutes. If the pressure decay does not exceed 2 kPa, it is considered qualified.

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