Method for accelerating natural degradation of sonchus apetalus forest

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for accelerating natural degradation of songarus apetalus forest, which is a method for inhibiting disordered growth of songarus apetalus and inducing natural degradation of songarus apetalus, and gradually recovers and maintains the balance of the original mangrove ecological structure. By means of the method, natural degradation of the songarus apetala can be induced, inhibition of the songarus apetala on other native mangrove varieties is reduced, reproduction and growth of the native mangrove are promoted, the diversity of the ecological structure of the mangrove forest is restored, and ecological environment damage and social and economic losses possibly caused by long-term disordered expansion of the songarus apetala are prevented and avoided. The method has the advantages that (1) the method is suitable for pure forest tidal flat of songarus apetala; (2) the method is suitable for rapid development and expansion of tidal flat; and (3) the method is suitable for the tidal flat with local mangrove forest community degradation caused by expansion of songarus apetala.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of forestry transformation and relates to a method for accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forest. Background Art

[0002] Sonneratia apetala has the following characteristics:

[0003] (1) It has strong cold resistance and adaptability, and is drought-resistant and resistant to pests and diseases. This allows it to maintain a good growth state even in harsh environmental conditions: it can grow on low-tide beaches, mid-tide beaches, and beaches with hard and poor soil.

[0004] (2) Sonneratia apetala has a double peak flowering habit, in May-June and September-October, and a fruiting habit of outcrossing + self-pollination. It has a large seed base number, and after the seeds mature, they drift with the tide and spread over a wide range, with a fast expansion speed.

[0005] (3) Sonneratia apetala has the characteristics of fast growth and high productivity. It has an amazing growth rate and can form a dense forest in a short time.

[0006] When seawater salinity exceeds 5‰, seed germination begins to be inhibited; when salinity exceeds 8‰, seedling growth begins to be inhibited. Sonneratia apetala primarily grows on estuarine tidal flats, where it overlaps with the ecological niches of native mangroves such as Aegiceras corniculata and Kandelia candel. Consequently, with the introduction of Sonneratia apetala, native mangrove communities gradually degraded, with the original mangrove communities dominated by Aegiceras corniculata and Kandelia candel. This rapidly transformed into pure Sonneratia apetala stands.

[0007] Pure Sonneratia apetala forest communities have the following ecological risks:

[0008] (1) The community structure is simple and the species diversity is low. Sonneratia apetala has an inhibitory effect on the growth of native mangrove plants, and the native mangrove plant species are gradually decreasing or even disappearing.

[0009] (2) A large number of Sonneratia apetala fruits accumulate on the seaward edge of the native mangroves, the periphery of the forest wetland, and on both sides of the tidal ditch water system, resulting in blockage of the tidal ditch water system and even deterioration of water quality.

[0010] (3) The allelopathic substances secreted by the roots of the Sonneratia apetala, and the decomposition of fruits and litter produced high concentrations of allelopathic substances, which entered the soil, changed the chemical properties of the community soil, and inhibited the germination of seeds, plant development and growth of native mangrove plants.

[0011] Based on this, in order to reduce the impact of the disorderly expansion of Sonneratia apetala on native mangrove communities and reduce the ecological risks of pure Sonneratia apetala forests to coastal areas, it is necessary to study how to avoid the degradation of native mangrove communities by slowing down or inhibiting the expansion rate of Sonneratia apetala. Summary of the Invention

[0012] Sonneratia apetala has a strong ability to adapt to the environment and grows fast. The environment is unable to maintain the replacement and balance of the ecological structure, and the ecological structure of the native mangroves is destroyed. In view of the current growth status of Sonneratia apetala, the present invention provides a method for accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forests, a method for inhibiting the disorderly growth of Sonneratia apetala, inducing the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala, and gradually restoring and maintaining the original balance of the mangrove ecological structure. The use of this method can induce the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala, reduce the inhibition of Sonneratia apetala on other native mangrove varieties, promote the reproduction and growth of native mangroves, restore the diversity of the ecological structure of mangroves, and prevent and avoid the ecological environmental damage and social and economic losses that may be caused by the long-term disorderly expansion of Sonneratia apetala. The method of the present invention: (1) is applicable to tidal flats with pure Sonneratia apetala forests; (2) is suitable for rapidly developing and expanding tidal flats; (3) is applicable to tidal flats where the expansion of Sonneratia apetala has led to the degradation of native mangrove communities.

[0013] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0014] A method for accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forest comprises the following steps:

[0015] S1. Controlling Sonneratia apetala seed formation:

[0016] Three experimental plots of 50×50 m were set up in the pure Sonneratia apetala forest area, and lime sulfur, ethephon, and naphthylacetic acid were sprayed respectively. At the same time, a control plot of 50×50 m (not sprayed with flower and fruit thinning agent) was set up in the nearby area.

[0017] S1-1. Preparation of flower and fruit thinning solution: Prepare flower and fruit thinning agent lime sulfur mixture, ethephon, and naphthylacetic acid:

[0018] Lime sulfur mixture: Use concentration of 2 to 3 degrees Baume;

[0019] Ethephon: Use concentration is 0.05-0.10g / L;

[0020] Naphthaleneacetic acid: the use concentration is 30mg / Kg;

[0021] S1-2. Spraying time: Apply during the peak flowering period of Sonneratia apetala in May-June and September-October. Spray once every week during these periods, respectively, for 4-5 times in a row.

[0022] S1-3. Application method: Use a plant protection drone to spray at the specified concentration of each agent;

[0023] S2. Inhibit the growth and development of Sonneratia apetala:

[0024] In the rapidly expanding area of ​​Sonneratia apetala, three treatments were set up: saline injection, root girdling, and root circumcision. Seven adult Sonneratia apetala trees were treated in each treatment, and seven adult trees of similar age and growth were selected nearby as controls.

[0025] S2-1. Drill a hole through the root neck of an adult Sonneratia apetala plant up to the pith. Prepare a 4 mol / L sea salt solution in an infusion bag and hang it from the trunk. Insert a prepared needle into the hole in the trunk and allow the nutrient solution to slowly flow into the tree. Adjust the infusion flow rate. Replace the bag when the salt water in the bag is completely injected. Continue this process for 3-5 months. The Sonneratia apetala plant will slowly wither and eventually die due to excessive salinity in its body, effectively inhibiting its growth and development.

[0026] S2-2. At the end of February or the beginning of March, peel the bark of the Sonneratia apetala plant in a circular pattern, every 50 cm upwards, for a total of 3-5 circles. The peeling width is 10 cm, and the peeling depth reaches the xylem (all phloem is scraped off). After girdling, the nutrient flow back to the roots is blocked, thereby inhibiting the growth of the Sonneratia apetala root. After 1-2 years, the roots will fail and die due to lack of nutrient supply, and the above-ground parts will eventually wither and die, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of the Sonneratia apetala.

[0027] S2-3. At the end of February or early March, use a spade to cut off all taproots 50 cm from the main trunk of the Sonneratia apetala, blocking the roots from absorbing water and nutrients and supplying them to the aboveground parts, which eventually causes the aboveground parts to wither and eventually die, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of the Sonneratia apetala.

[0028] S3. Improvement of Sonneratia apetala forest habitat:

[0029] Habitat modification was implemented in the tidal flats of Sonneratia apetala closed forest (where native mangrove communities were degraded). The steps were as follows:

[0030] S3-1. Widen the first, second, and third level tidal gullies under the Sonneratia apetala closed forest, and dredge and widen the natural tidal gullies:

[0031] The first-level tidal gully is 2-3m wide and 1-2m deep. The distance between the two tidal gullies is adjusted according to the actual situation and is 20-30m. The direction of the tidal gully is streamlined along the direction of rising and falling tides.

[0032] The secondary tidal ditch is 1-2m wide and 0.5-1m deep, with a distance of 10-15m between the two tidal ditch. The secondary tidal ditch is connected to the primary tidal ditch and takes a natural streamline shape according to the terrain.

[0033] The third-level tidal ditch is 0.5-1m wide and 0.2-0.5m deep, with a distance of 3-5m between the two tidal ditch. The third-level tidal ditch is connected to the second-level tidal ditch and takes a natural streamline shape according to the terrain;

[0034] S3-2. Set up seine nets at the seaward outlet of the first-level tidal channel to intercept the fallen branches, leaves, and fruits of Sonneratia apetala.

[0035] S3-3. Regularly clean up the dead branches, leaves, and fallen fruits in the tidal gully and those intercepted by the fence;

[0036] S3-4. Deeply plow the beach surface every 6 months. By plowing the beach surface, the allelopathic substances secreted by Sonneratia apetala in the tidal flat soil are cleaned with the rising and falling tides, providing a suitable tidal flat soil environment for the native tree species to move in, promoting the growth and development of native mangrove plants, and making the community evolve into a community with native mangrove plants as the dominant species.

[0037] Furthermore, the pure Sonneratia apetala forest area described in S1 is selected from the Kangxiling area of ​​Maoweihai in Qinzhou.

[0038] Furthermore, the setting of injecting saline in the rapid expansion area of ​​Sonneratia apetala described in S2 is to select the setting of injecting saline in the rapid expansion area of ​​Sonneratia apetala on the Daxinwei Bund of the Qin River in Maoweihai.

[0039] Furthermore, the habitat modification on the tidal flat of the Sonneratia apetala closed forest described in S3 is to implement the habitat modification on the tidal flat of the Sonneratia apetala closed forest in Shajing, Maoweihai.

[0040] Furthermore, the beach surface is deep-plowed every 6 months as described in S4, with a plowing depth of 30 cm.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0042] The method for accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forests described in the present invention has the following core innovations:

[0043] The present invention adopts multiple processes to control the reproduction of Sonneratia apetala, inhibit the growth and expansion of Sonneratia apetala, improve the habitat under the Sonneratia apetala forest and restore the original mangrove variety structure, solve the problem of single variety of existing Sonneratia apetala forest, achieve the purpose of inducing accelerated degradation of the Sonneratia apetala forest and restoring the ecology.

[0044] The theoretical and technical innovations of this application are reflected in the following aspects:

[0045] (1) Propose the integration of existing flower and fruit thinning technologies to reduce the reproductive capacity of Sonneratia apetala, reduce the formation and spread of fruits, and thus inhibit the disorderly expansion of Sonneratia apetala;

[0046] (3) Taking advantage of the biological learning ability of Sonneratia apetala to adapt to salinity, artificial injection of high-concentration salt water is used to inhibit the growth and development of adult trees, thus creating a slow degradation process of the Sonneratia apetala forest;

[0047] (4) Integrate girdling and root cutting techniques to inhibit the growth and development of mature trees, create a slow degradation process for the Sonneratia apetala forest, and promote the natural transition of the mangrove community to a community structure dominated by native mangrove plants;

[0048] (5) Through the technology of forest sediment transformation, the allelopathic substances released by the Sonneratia apetala are removed, providing a suitable environment for the growth of native mangrove plants, thereby promoting the natural transformation of the Sonneratia apetala forest into a mangrove community with native mangrove plants as the dominant species. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of layer peeling of the method for accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forest described in Examples 1 and 3 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of tidal gully reconstruction for a method of accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forests described in Examples 1 and 4 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 A schematic cross-sectional view of a tidal gully according to a method for accelerating the natural degradation of a Sonneratia apetala forest as described in Examples 1 and 4 of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a tidal gully barrier for a method of accelerating the natural degradation of a Sonneratia apetala forest as described in Examples 1 and 4 of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of root cutting for a method of accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forests as described in Examples 1 and 3 of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid hanging method for accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forests described in Examples 1 and 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0056] Example 1:

[0057] A method for accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forest comprises the following steps:

[0058] S1. Controlling Sonneratia apetala seed formation:

[0059] Three 50×50m experimental plots were set up in a pure Sonneratia apetala forest area and sprayed with lime sulfur, ethephon, and naphthylacetic acid, respectively. Simultaneously, a 50×50m control plot (not sprayed with flower and fruit thinning agent) was set up in a nearby area. After treatment, the seed formation of Sonneratia apetala was significantly controlled.

[0060] S1-1. Preparation of flower and fruit thinning solution: Prepare flower and fruit thinning agent lime sulfur mixture, ethephon, and naphthylacetic acid:

[0061] Lime sulfur mixture: Use concentration of 2 to 3 degrees Baume;

[0062] Ethephon: Use concentration is 0.05-0.10g / L;

[0063] Naphthaleneacetic acid: the use concentration is 30mg / Kg;

[0064] S1-2. Spraying time: Apply during the peak flowering period of Sonneratia apetala in May-June and September-October. Spray once every week during these periods, respectively, for 4-5 times in a row.

[0065] S1-3. Application method: Use a plant protection drone to spray at the specified concentration of each agent;

[0066] S1-4. Implementation effect: In the pure Sonneratia apetala forest area sprayed with lime sulfur, ethephon, and naphthylacetic acid, the fruit yield rate of Sonneratia apetala was only 15.2%, 13.8%, and 10.6% of that in the control area;

[0067] S2. Inhibit the growth and development of Sonneratia apetala:

[0068] In a rapidly expanding area of ​​Sonneratia apetala, three treatments were set up: saline injection, root girdling, and root circumcision. Seven adult Sonneratia apetala trees were treated in each treatment, and seven adult trees of similar age and growth were selected nearby as controls. The treatments significantly inhibited the growth of Sonneratia apetala.

[0069] S2-1. Drill a hole through the root neck of an adult Sonneratia apetala plant up to the pith. Prepare a 4 mol / L sea salt solution in an infusion bag and hang it from the trunk. Insert a prepared needle into the hole in the trunk and allow the nutrient solution to slowly flow into the tree. Adjust the infusion flow rate. Replace the bag when the salt water in the bag is completely injected. Continue this process for 3-5 months. The Sonneratia apetala plant will slowly wither and eventually die due to excessive salinity in its body, effectively inhibiting its growth and development.

[0070] S2-2. At the end of February or the beginning of March, peel the bark of the Sonneratia apetala plant in a circular pattern, every 50 cm upwards, for a total of 3-5 circles. The peeling width is 10 cm, and the peeling depth reaches the xylem (all phloem is scraped off). After girdling, the nutrient flow back to the roots is blocked, thereby inhibiting the growth of the Sonneratia apetala root. After 1-2 years, the roots will fail and die due to lack of nutrient supply, and the above-ground parts will eventually wither and die, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of the Sonneratia apetala.

[0071] S2-3. At the end of February or early March, use a spade to cut off all taproots 50 cm from the main trunk of the Sonneratia apetala, blocking the roots from absorbing water and nutrients and supplying them to the aboveground parts, which eventually causes the aboveground parts to wither and eventually die, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of the Sonneratia apetala.

[0072] S3. Improvement of Sonneratia apetala forest habitat:

[0073] Habitat modification was implemented in the tidal flats of Sonneratia apetala closed forest (where native mangrove communities were degraded). The steps were as follows:

[0074] S3-1. Widen the first, second, and third level tidal gullies under the Sonneratia apetala closed forest, and dredge and widen the natural tidal gullies:

[0075] The first-level tidal gully is 2-3m wide and 1-2m deep. The distance between the two tidal gullies is adjusted according to the actual situation and is 20-30m. The direction of the tidal gully is streamlined along the direction of rising and falling tides.

[0076] The secondary tidal ditch is 1-2m wide and 0.5-1m deep, with a distance of 10-15m between the two tidal ditch. The secondary tidal ditch is connected to the primary tidal ditch and takes a natural streamline shape according to the terrain.

[0077] The third-level tidal ditch is 0.5-1m wide and 0.2-0.5m deep, with a distance of 3-5m between the two tidal ditch. The third-level tidal ditch is connected to the second-level tidal ditch and takes a natural streamline shape according to the terrain;

[0078] S3-2. Set up seine nets at the seaward outlet of the first-level tidal channel to intercept the fallen branches, leaves, and fruits of Sonneratia apetala.

[0079] S3-3. Regularly clean up the dead branches, leaves, and fallen fruits in the tidal gully and those intercepted by the fence;

[0080] S3-4. Deeply plow the beach surface every 6 months (plowing depth 30cm). By plowing the beach surface, the allelopathic substances secreted by Sonneratia apetala in the tidal flat soil are cleaned with the rising and falling tides, providing a suitable tidal flat soil environment for the native tree species to move in, promoting the growth and development of native mangrove plants, and making the community evolve into a community with native mangrove plants as the dominant species.

[0081] Example 2:

[0082] To control the formation of Sonneratia apetala seeds in pure forest areas, the implementation steps are as follows:

[0083] Three 50×50m experimental plots were set up in the pure Sonneratia apetala forest area of ​​Kangxi Ridge in Maowei Lake, and lime sulfur, ethephon, and naphthylacetic acid were sprayed respectively. At the same time, a 50×50m control plot (not sprayed with flower and fruit thinning agent) was set up in the nearby area. After treatment, the formation of Sonneratia apetala seeds was significantly controlled.

[0084] (1) Preparation of flower and fruit thinning solution: This case uses commonly used flower and fruit thinning agents such as lime sulfur, ethephon, and naphthaleneacetic acid as examples to introduce the technology for controlling the formation of Sonneratia apetala seeds:

[0085] Lime sulfur mixture: the concentration used is 2-3 degrees Baume; ethephon: the concentration used is 0.05-0.10g / L; naphthaleneacetic acid: the concentration used is 30mg / Kg;

[0086] (2) Spraying time: Apply during the peak flowering period of Sonneratia apetala in May-June and September-October. It is recommended to spray once every week during May-June and September-October respectively, for 4-5 consecutive times.

[0087] (3) Application method: Use a plant protection drone to spray at the specified concentration of each agent;

[0088] (4) Implementation effect: In the pure Sonneratia apetala forest area sprayed with lime sulfur, ethephon, and naphthylacetic acid, the fruit yield rate of Sonneratia apetala was only 15.2%, 13.8%, and 10.6% of that in the control area.

[0089] Example 3:

[0090] The rapid expansion zone inhibits the growth and development of Sonneratia apetala. The implementation steps are as follows:

[0091] In the rapidly expanding area of ​​Sonneratia apetala on the Daxinwei Bund of the Qinjiang River in Maowei, three treatments were set up: saline injection, root collar girdling, and root circumcision. Each treatment involved seven adult Sonneratia apetala trees, and seven nearby adult trees of similar age and growth were selected as controls. The treatments significantly inhibited the growth of Sonneratia apetala.

[0092] (1) Drill a hole in the root neck of an adult Sonneratia apetala up to the medulla, add 4 mol / L sea salt to an infusion bag and hang it on the trunk. Insert a special needle into the hole in the trunk and let the nutrient solution slowly flow into the tree. Adjust the infusion flow rate. When the salt water in the bag is completely injected, change the bag. Continue for 3-5 months. The Sonneratia apetala will slowly wither and eventually die due to excessive salinity in the body, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of the Sonneratia apetala.

[0093] (2) At the end of February and the beginning of March, peel the bark of the Sonneratia apetala root upwards in a circular pattern every 50 cm, for a total of 3-5 circles. The peeling width is 10 cm, and the peeling depth reaches the xylem (all phloem is scraped off). After ring stripping, the nutrients are blocked from flowing back to the roots, thereby inhibiting the growth of the Sonneratia apetala root. After 1-2 years, the roots will fail due to lack of nutrition, and eventually the aboveground parts will wither and die, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of the Sonneratia apetala.

[0094] (3) At the end of February and the beginning of March, a shovel was used to cut off all the main roots 50 cm away from the main trunk of the Sonneratia apetala, blocking the roots from absorbing water and nutrients and supplying them to the aboveground parts, which eventually caused the aboveground parts to wither and eventually die, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of the Sonneratia apetala.

[0095] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the peeling method of accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forest described in Example 1 and Example 3, by Figure 1It can be seen that the cortex including the phloem is ringed to expose the xylem underneath. Since the apetala plant has extremely strong vitality, the ringing must be deep enough and the trunk must be ringed multiple times at different heights to completely isolate the nutrient transport of the sieve tube tissue in the phloem.

[0096] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of root cutting for a method of accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forest as described in Examples 1 and 3. It can be seen that by cutting the roots, the ability of the Sonneratia apetala roots to absorb and transport substances is reduced, thereby gradually inhibiting the growth and development of the Sonneratia apetala.

[0097] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid hanging method for accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forest as described in Examples 1 and 3. It can be seen that the liquid agent is squeezed into the tree body by gravity and the pressure of the liquid bottle, interfering with the physiology of Sonneratia apetala, inhibiting its growth, and gradually replacing it.

[0098] Example 4:

[0099] The steps for improving the understory habitat of Sonneratia apetala in the degraded area of ​​native mangrove communities are as follows:

[0100] Habitat reconstruction was implemented on the tidal flats of the Sonneratia apetala closed forest (degraded native mangrove community) at Shajing, Maoweihai. The steps are as follows:

[0101] (1) Create first, second and third level tidal channels under the Sonneratia apetala closed forest:

[0102] The first-level tidal gully is 2-3m wide and 1-2m deep, with a distance of 20-30m between the two tidal gullies. The direction of the tidal gully is streamlined along the direction of the rising and falling tides.

[0103] The secondary tidal ditch is 1-2m wide and 0.5-1m deep, with a distance of 10-15m between the two tidal ditch. The secondary tidal ditch is connected to the primary tidal ditch and takes a natural streamline shape according to the terrain.

[0104] The third-level tidal ditch is 0.5-1m wide and 0.2-0.5m deep, with a distance of 3-5m between the two tidal ditch. The third-level tidal ditch is connected to the second-level tidal ditch and takes a natural streamline shape according to the terrain;

[0105] (2) Set up seine nets at the seaward outlet of the first-level tidal channel to intercept the fallen branches, leaves, and fruits of Sonneratia apetala;

[0106] (3) Regularly clean up the dead branches, leaves, and fallen fruits in the tidal gully and those intercepted by the fence;

[0107] (4) The beach surface was deep-plowed every 6 months (plowing depth 30 cm). By plowing the beach surface, the allelopathic substances secreted by the apetala in the tidal flat soil were cleaned with the rising and falling tides, providing a suitable tidal flat soil environment for the native tree species to move in, promoting the growth and development of native mangrove plants, and making the community evolve into a community with native mangrove plants as the dominant species.

[0108] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of tidal gully reconstruction for a method of accelerating the natural degradation of a Sonneratia apetala forest as described in Examples 1 and 4. It can be seen that, based on the seawater dynamics and geological structure, the original tidal gully flow direction and structure are reconstructed to expand and widen the tidal gully, accelerate the exchange of materials between seawater and the tidal flat, and improve the material composition structure of the tidal flat.

[0109] Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional diagram of a tidal ditch of a method for accelerating the natural degradation of a Sonneratia apetala forest as described in Examples 1 and 4. It can be seen that, based on the fluidity of the mudflat soil, the tidal light is expanded and deepened to prevent the tidal ditch from being blocked by Sonneratia apetala fruits and branches, resulting in poor water exchange.

[0110] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tidal gully net used in the method of accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forests described in Examples 1 and 4. It can be seen that the net is used to intercept fallen fruits and prevent the Sonneratia apetala from drifting and spreading with the ocean currents.

[0111] Analysis and discussion:

[0112] The method for accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forests described in the present invention has the following main advantages:

[0113] (1) The integrated flower and fruit thinning, root girdling and bottom mud modification technologies are all mature agricultural technologies with little difficulty in implementation and are easy for technicians to master;

[0114] (2) After the implementation of the plan, the succession of community structure is a slow natural process, and the coastal ecosystem will gradually change from quantitative change to qualitative change. Large-scale destruction of the Sonneratia apetala forest will not cause the coastal ecosystem to collapse and create ecological risks;

[0115] (3) The implementation cost of the plan is low, and the expected goals can be achieved with minimal manpower and material costs.

[0116] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications completed under the technical spirit suggested by the present invention should fall within the patent scope covered by the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forest, characterized by: The steps include: S1. Controlling Sonneratia apetala seed formation: Three experimental plots of 50×50 m were set up in the pure Sonneratia apetala forest area, and lime sulfur, ethephon, and naphthylacetic acid were sprayed respectively. At the same time, a control plot of 50×50 m was set up in the nearby area. S1-1. Preparation of flower and fruit thinning solution: Prepare flower and fruit thinning agent lime sulfur mixture, ethephon, and naphthylacetic acid: Lime sulfur mixture: Use concentration of 2 to 3 degrees Baume; Ethephon: Use concentration is 0.05-0.10g / L; Naphthaleneacetic acid: the use concentration is 30mg / Kg; S1-2. Spraying time: Apply during the peak flowering period of Sonneratia apetala in May-June and September-October. Spray once every week during these periods, respectively, for 4-5 times in a row. S1-3. Application method: Use a plant protection drone to spray at the specified concentration of each agent; S2. Inhibit the growth and development of Sonneratia apetala: In the rapidly expanding area of ​​Sonneratia apetala, three treatments were set up: saline injection, root girdling, and root circumcision. Seven adult Sonneratia apetala trees were treated in each treatment, and seven adult trees of similar age and growth were selected nearby as controls. S2-1. Drill a hole through the root neck of an adult Sonneratia apetala plant up to the pith. Place a 4 mol / L sea salt in an infusion bag and hang it from the trunk. Insert a prepared needle into the hole in the trunk, allowing the nutrient solution to slowly flow into the tree. Adjust the infusion flow rate. Replace the bag once all the salt water has been injected. Continue this process for 3-5 months. The excessive salinity in the Sonneratia apetala causes it to slowly wither and eventually die, inhibiting its growth and development. S2-2. At the end of February or the beginning of March, peel the bark of the Sonneratia apetala plant in a circle, every 50 cm, upwards, for a total of 3-5 circles. The peeling width is 10 cm, and the bark is peeled deep into the xylem, and all phloem is scraped off. After girdling, the nutrient flow back to the roots is blocked to inhibit the growth of the Sonneratia apetala root. After 1-2 years, the roots will fail and die due to lack of nutrient supply, and the above-ground parts will eventually wither and die, thus inhibiting the growth and development of the Sonneratia apetala. S2-3. At the end of February or early March, use a spade to cut off all taproots 50 cm from the main trunk of the Sonneratia apetala, blocking the roots from absorbing water and nutrients and supplying them to the aboveground parts, which will eventually cause the aboveground parts to wither and eventually die, inhibiting the growth and development of the Sonneratia apetala. S3. Improvement of Sonneratia apetala forest habitat: Habitat modification was implemented in the Sonneratia apetala closed forest tidal flats. The steps are as follows: S3-1. Widen the first, second, and third level tidal gullies under the Sonneratia apetala closed forest, and dredge and widen the natural tidal gullies: The first-level tidal gully is 2-3m wide and 1-2m deep. The distance between the two tidal gullies is adjusted according to the actual situation and is 20-30m. The direction of the tidal gully is streamlined along the direction of rising and falling tides. The secondary tidal ditch is 1-2m wide and 0.5-1m deep, with a distance of 10-15m between the two tidal ditch. The secondary tidal ditch is connected to the primary tidal ditch and takes a natural streamline shape according to the terrain. The third-level tidal ditch is 0.5-1m wide and 0.2-0.5m deep, with a distance of 3-5m between the two tidal ditch. The third-level tidal ditch is connected to the second-level tidal ditch and takes a natural streamline shape according to the terrain; S3-2. Set up seine nets at the seaward outlet of the first-level tidal channel to intercept the fallen branches, leaves, and fruits of Sonneratia apetala. S3-3. Regularly clean up the dead branches, leaves, and fallen fruits in the tidal gully and those intercepted by the fence; S3-4. Deeply plow the beach surface every 6 months. By plowing the beach surface, the allelopathic substances secreted by Sonneratia apetala in the tidal flat soil are cleaned with the rising and falling tides, providing a suitable tidal flat soil environment for the native tree species to move in, promoting the growth and development of native mangrove plants, and making the community evolve into a community with native mangrove plants as the dominant species.

2. The method for accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pure Sonneratia apetala forest area described in S1 was selected from the Kangxiling area of ​​Maoweihai, Qinzhou.

3. The method for accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The setting of injecting saline in the rapid expansion area of ​​Sonneratia apetala described in S2 is to select the setting of injecting saline in the rapid expansion area of ​​Sonneratia apetala on the Daxinwei Bund of Qinjiang River in Maoweihai.

4. The method for accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The habitat transformation on the tidal flat of Sonneratia apetala closed forest described in S3 is to implement the habitat transformation on the tidal flat of Sonneratia apetala closed forest in Shajing, Maoweihai.

5. The method for accelerating the natural degradation of Sonneratia apetala forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: As described in S4, the beach surface is deep plowed every 6 months with a plowing depth of 30 cm.

Images