A method for accelerating natural degradation of a sonneratia caseolaris forest
By using flower and fruit thinning agents, injecting saline solution, girdling and root cutting, and bottom mud modification techniques, the growth and expansion of Avicennia marina were controlled, the ecological structure of mangroves was restored, the problem of Avicennia marina inhibiting native mangroves was solved, and ecological balance and biodiversity restoration were promoted.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIBU GULF UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-29
AI Technical Summary
The uncontrolled expansion of *Avicennia marina* has led to the degradation of native mangrove communities, resulting in a simple ecological structure, low species diversity, and the accumulation of allelochemicals that deteriorates water quality and inhibits the growth of native mangrove plants.
By using flower and fruit thinning agents, artificial injection of high-concentration saline, girdling and root pruning techniques combined with bottom mud modification, the formation and growth of petiolocarpa seeds are controlled, the understory habitat is improved, and the growth of native mangrove plants is promoted.
It effectively inhibits the growth and expansion of Avicennia marina, restores the ecological diversity of mangroves, improves the soil environment, provides suitable growth conditions for native mangrove plants, and promotes the transformation of community structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN120548906B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of forestry transformation technology and relates to a method for accelerating the natural degradation of Avicennia marina forests. Background Technology
[0002] The petalless Sorrelia has the following characteristics:
[0003] (1) It has strong cold resistance and adaptability, and strong drought resistance and disease and pest resistance. This allows it to maintain a good growth status even under harsh environmental conditions: it can grow on low tide beaches, mid-high tide beaches and mudflats with hard and barren soil.
[0004] (2) The flower-less sea sage has a double peak flowering habit in May-June and September-October, and a fruiting habit of cross-pollination + self-pollination. It has a large seed base, and the seeds spread widely with the tide after maturity, and the expansion speed is fast.
[0005] (3) The petalless sea sage has the characteristics of rapid growth and high productivity. Its growth rate is amazing and it can close the canopy into a forest in a short time.
[0006] When seawater salinity exceeds 5‰, seed germination begins to be inhibited; when it exceeds 8‰, seedling growth begins to be inhibited. *Avicennia marina* (also known as *Avicennia apetala*) mostly grows in estuarine tidal flats, overlapping its ecological niche with native mangrove plants such as *Symplocos cuspidata* and *Kandelia candel*. Therefore, with the introduction of *Avicennia marina*, native mangrove communities have gradually degraded, and the original mangrove communities dominated by *Symplocos cuspidata* and *Kandelia candel* have rapidly evolved into pure stands of *Avicennia marina*.
[0007] The results of pure stands of *Avicennia marina* (a type of sempervivum) pose the following ecological risks:
[0008] (1) The community structure is simple and the species diversity is low. The growth of native mangrove plants is inhibited by the apetalous mangrove. The native mangrove species are gradually decreasing and even disappearing.
[0009] (2) A large number of petalless mangrove fruits accumulate on the outer edge of the seaward side of the native mangrove forest, the periphery of the forest wetland and both sides of the tidal ditch system, leading to blockage of the tidal ditch system and even deterioration of water quality.
[0010] (3) The allelochemicals secreted by the roots of the mangrove are produced by the decomposition of fruits and litter, which enter the soil, change the chemical properties of the soil community, and inhibit the germination of seeds, plant development and growth of native mangrove plants.
[0011] Therefore, in order to reduce the impact of the disorderly expansion of Avicennia marina on native mangrove communities and reduce the ecological risks of pure Avicennia marina forests to coastal areas, it is necessary to study how to slow down or inhibit the expansion rate of Avicennia marina to avoid the degradation of native mangrove communities. Summary of the Invention
[0012] Avicennia marina has a strong ability to adapt to the environment and grows rapidly. The environment is unable to maintain the replacement and balance of the ecological structure, and the original mangrove ecological structure is damaged. In view of the current growth status of Avicennia marina, this invention provides a method to accelerate the natural degradation of Avicennia marina forests. It is a method to inhibit the disorderly growth of Avicennia marina and induce the natural degradation of Avicennia marina, so as to gradually restore and maintain the original mangrove ecological structure balance. Using this method, the natural degradation of Avicennia marina can be induced, the inhibition of Avicennia marina on other native mangrove species can be reduced, the reproduction and growth of native mangroves can be promoted, the diversity of mangrove ecological structure can be restored, and the ecological environment damage and socio-economic losses that may be caused by the long-term disorderly expansion of Avicennia marina can be prevented and avoided. The method of this invention: (1) is applicable to tidal flats with pure Avicennia marina forests; (2) is suitable for rapidly developing and expanding tidal flats; (3) is applicable to tidal flats where the expansion of Avicennia marina leads to the degradation of native mangrove communities.
[0013] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is as follows:
[0014] A method for accelerating the natural degradation of hibiscus forests includes the following steps:
[0015] S1. Controlling the formation of apetalous seeds of Avicennia marina:
[0016] Three 50×50m experimental plots were set up in the pure 'Avicennia marina' forest area, and lime sulfur, ethephon, and naphthaleneacetic acid were sprayed respectively. At the same time, one 50×50m control plot (without flower and fruit thinning agent) was set up in the nearby area.
[0017] S1-1. Preparation of flower and fruit thinning solution: Prepare flower and fruit thinning agents, lime sulfur mixture, ethephon, and naphthaleneacetic acid.
[0018] Lime sulfur mixture: The concentration used is 2-3 Baume degrees;
[0019] Ethephon: The concentration used is 0.05-0.10 g / L;
[0020] Naphthaleneacetic acid: The concentration used is 30 mg / kg;
[0021] S1-2. Spraying time: Apply during the peak flowering period of the petalless Avicennia marina in May-June and September-October. Spray once a week during May-June and September-October, and repeat 4-5 times.
[0022] S1-3. Application method: Use an agricultural drone to spray at the specified concentration of each pesticide.
[0023] S2. Inhibits the growth and development of Avicennia marinae:
[0024] Three treatments were set up in the rapidly expanding area of Avicennia marina: saline injection, root collar girdling, and root pruning. Seven mature Avicennia marina trees were used for each treatment, and seven mature trees of similar age and growth were selected nearby as controls.
[0025] S2-1. Drill holes down to the pith at the root collar of mature Avicennia marina. Prepare a 4 mol / L concentration of sea salt and place it in an infusion bag. Hang the bag on the trunk and insert a needle into the drilled hole in the trunk to allow the nutrient solution to slowly flow into the tree. Adjust the infusion flow rate. Replace the bag when the saline solution is used up. Continue this process for 3-5 months. Avicennia marina will slowly wither and die due to excessive salinity in its body, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of Avicennia marina.
[0026] S2-2. In late February or early March, bark the bark in a ring every 50cm upwards from the root neck of the Avicennia marina, for a total of 3-5 rings, with a bark width of 10cm and a bark depth reaching the xylem (scraping away all phloem). After girdling, the flow of nutrients back to the roots is blocked, thereby inhibiting the growth of the Avicennia marina roots. After 1-2 years, the roots will wither and die due to lack of nutrient supply, eventually leading to the withering and death of the above-ground parts, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of Avicennia marina.
[0027] S2-3. In late February or early March, use a shovel to cut off all the main roots within 50cm of the main stem of the Avicennia marina. This blocks the roots from absorbing water and nutrients and supplying them to the above-ground parts, eventually causing the above-ground parts to wither and die, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of the Avicennia marina.
[0028] S3. Modifying the understory habitat of Avicennia marina:
[0029] Habitat restoration was carried out on the tidal flats of the closed canopy forest of *Sonneratia apetala* (degraded native mangrove community), following the steps:
[0030] S3-1. Widen the first, second, and third-level tidal channels under the closed canopy of *Sonneratia apetala* forest, and dredge and widen them based on the existing natural tidal channels:
[0031] The first-level tidal channel is 2-3m wide and 1-2m deep. The distance between two tidal channels is adjusted according to the actual situation, and is 20-30m. The direction of the tidal channel is streamlined in the direction of the ebb and flow of the tide.
[0032] The secondary tidal channel is 1-2m wide and 0.5-1m deep, with a distance of 10-15m between the two channels. The secondary tidal channel is connected to the primary tidal channel and adopts a natural streamline shape according to the terrain.
[0033] The third-level tidal channel is 0.5-1m wide and 0.2-0.5m deep, with a distance of 3-5m between two tidal channels. The third-level tidal channel is connected to the second-level tidal channel and adopts a natural streamline shape according to the terrain.
[0034] S3-2. Set up a net at the seaward outlet of the first-level tidal channel to intercept the dead branches, leaves, fruits and debris of the monal mulberry.
[0035] S3-3. Regularly clean up dead branches, leaves, fallen fruit and debris in the tidal ditch and around the netting.
[0036] S3-4. Deeply till the beach surface every 6 months. By tilling the beach surface, the allelopathic substances secreted by the monsoon soil are washed away by the ebb and flow of the tide, providing a suitable tidal soil environment for native tree species to settle in, promoting the growth and development of native mangrove plants, and enabling the community to evolve into a community dominated by native mangrove plants.
[0037] Furthermore, the pure forest area of *Sorbus apetalis* described in S1 is selected from the Kangxi Ridge area of Maoweihai in Qinzhou.
[0038] Furthermore, the setting of saline injection in the rapidly expanding area of the petioleless Sangha as described in S2 refers to setting saline injection in the rapidly expanding area of the petioleless Sangha on the outer beach of Maowei Haiqinjiang Daxinwei.
[0039] Furthermore, the habitat modification described in S3 for the closed canopy tidal flats of *Sonneratia apetala* refers to the habitat modification being carried out in the closed canopy tidal flats of *Sonneratia apetala* in Maowei Haishajing.
[0040] Furthermore, as described in S4, the beach surface is deep-plowed every 6 months to a depth of 30cm.
[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
[0042] The method for accelerating the natural degradation of petioleless kaempferi forests described in this invention has the following core innovative points:
[0043] This invention employs multiple processes to control the reproduction of Avicennia marina, inhibiting its growth and expansion, improving the understory habitat of Avicennia marina forests, restoring the original mangrove species structure, solving the problem of the single species in existing Avicennia marina forests, and achieving the goal of inducing accelerated degradation of Avicennia marina forests and restoring the ecology.
[0044] The theoretical and technological innovations of this application are reflected in the following aspects:
[0045] (1) Propose to integrate existing flower and fruit thinning techniques to reduce the reproductive capacity of Avicennia marina, reduce the formation and spread of fruit, and thus inhibit the disorderly expansion of Avicennia marina.
[0046] (3) Taking advantage of the biological learning ability of the petalless sago palm to adapt to salinity, the growth and development of mature trees are inhibited by artificially injecting high-concentration saline solution, thus creating a slow degradation process of the petalless sago palm forest.
[0047] (4) Integrate techniques such as girdling and root pruning to inhibit the growth and development of mature trees, create a slow degradation process of petalless mangrove forests, and promote the natural transition of mangrove communities to a community structure dominated by native mangrove plants.
[0048] (5) By using the forest bottom mud modification technology, the allelopathic substances released by the Amonopteris crassirhizoma can be removed, providing a suitable environment for the growth of native mangrove plants, so as to promote the natural transformation of the Amonopteris crassirhizoma forest into a mangrove community dominated by native mangrove plants. Attached Figure Description
[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layered peeling of the outer bark of a method for accelerating the natural degradation of hibiscus forests as described in Embodiments 1 and 3 of the present invention.
[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of tidal channel modification for a method to accelerate the natural degradation of arborescent arborescent forests as described in Embodiments 1 and 4 of the present invention.
[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a tidal channel cross-section of a method for accelerating the natural degradation of arborescent arborescent forests as described in Embodiments 1 and 4 of the present invention.
[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a tidal channel barrier net used in a method for accelerating the natural degradation of *Sonneratia apetala* forests as described in Embodiments 1 and 4 of the present invention.
[0053] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of root pruning for a method to accelerate the natural degradation of arborescent arborescent forests as described in Embodiments 1 and 3 of the present invention;
[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid infusion method for accelerating the natural degradation of the petioleless kaempferia forest as described in Embodiments 1 and 3 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0055] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.
[0056] Example 1:
[0057] A method for accelerating the natural degradation of hibiscus forests includes the following steps:
[0058] S1. Controlling the formation of apetalous seeds of Avicennia marina:
[0059] Three 50×50m experimental plots were set up in the pure Avicennia marina abstemii forest area, and lime sulfur, ethephon, and naphthaleneacetic acid were sprayed respectively. At the same time, one 50×50m control plot (without flower and fruit thinning agent) was set up in the nearby area. After treatment, the seed formation of Avicennia marina abstemii was significantly controlled.
[0060] S1-1. Preparation of flower and fruit thinning solution: Prepare flower and fruit thinning agents, lime sulfur mixture, ethephon, and naphthaleneacetic acid.
[0061] Lime sulfur mixture: The concentration used is 2-3 Baume degrees;
[0062] Ethephon: The concentration used is 0.05-0.10 g / L;
[0063] Naphthaleneacetic acid: The concentration used is 30 mg / kg;
[0064] S1-2. Spraying time: Apply during the peak flowering period of the petalless Avicennia marina in May-June and September-October. Spray once a week during May-June and September-October, and repeat 4-5 times.
[0065] S1-3. Application method: Use an agricultural drone to spray at the specified concentration of each pesticide.
[0066] S1-4. Implementation Results: In the pure stands of Avicennia marina, which were sprayed with lime sulfur, ethephon, and naphthaleneacetic acid, the fruit yield of Avicennia marina was only 15.2%, 13.8%, and 10.6% of that in the control area, respectively.
[0067] S2. Inhibits the growth and development of Avicennia marinae:
[0068] Three treatments were set up in the rapidly expanding area of Avicennia marina: saline injection, root collar girdling, and root pruning. Seven mature Avicennia marina trees were used for each treatment, and seven mature trees of similar age and growth were selected nearby as controls. The treatments showed a significant effect in inhibiting the growth and development of Avicennia marina.
[0069] S2-1. Drill holes down to the pith at the root collar of mature Avicennia marina. Prepare a 4 mol / L concentration of sea salt and place it in an infusion bag. Hang the bag on the trunk and insert a needle into the drilled hole in the trunk to allow the nutrient solution to slowly flow into the tree. Adjust the infusion flow rate. Replace the bag when the saline solution is used up. Continue this process for 3-5 months. Avicennia marina will slowly wither and die due to excessive salinity in its body, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of Avicennia marina.
[0070] S2-2. In late February or early March, bark the bark in a ring every 50cm upwards from the root neck of the Avicennia marina, for a total of 3-5 rings, with a bark width of 10cm and a bark depth reaching the xylem (scraping away all phloem). After girdling, the flow of nutrients back to the roots is blocked, thereby inhibiting the growth of the Avicennia marina roots. After 1-2 years, the roots will wither and die due to lack of nutrient supply, eventually leading to the withering and death of the above-ground parts, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of Avicennia marina.
[0071] S2-3. In late February or early March, use a shovel to cut off all the main roots within 50cm of the main stem of the Avicennia marina. This blocks the roots from absorbing water and nutrients and supplying them to the above-ground parts, eventually causing the above-ground parts to wither and die, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of the Avicennia marina.
[0072] S3. Modifying the understory habitat of Avicennia marina:
[0073] Habitat restoration was carried out on the tidal flats of the closed canopy forest of *Sonneratia apetala* (degraded native mangrove community), following the steps:
[0074] S3-1. Widen the first, second, and third-level tidal channels under the closed canopy of *Sonneratia apetala* forest, and dredge and widen them based on the existing natural tidal channels:
[0075] The first-level tidal channel is 2-3m wide and 1-2m deep. The distance between two tidal channels is adjusted according to the actual situation, and is 20-30m. The direction of the tidal channel is streamlined in the direction of the ebb and flow of the tide.
[0076] The secondary tidal channel is 1-2m wide and 0.5-1m deep, with a distance of 10-15m between the two channels. The secondary tidal channel is connected to the primary tidal channel and adopts a natural streamline shape according to the terrain.
[0077] The third-level tidal channel is 0.5-1m wide and 0.2-0.5m deep, with a distance of 3-5m between two tidal channels. The third-level tidal channel is connected to the second-level tidal channel and adopts a natural streamline shape according to the terrain.
[0078] S3-2. Set up a net at the seaward outlet of the first-level tidal channel to intercept the dead branches, leaves, fruits and debris of the monal mulberry.
[0079] S3-3. Regularly clean up dead branches, leaves, fallen fruit and debris in the tidal ditch and around the netting.
[0080] S3-4. Deeply till the beach surface every 6 months (tilling depth 30cm). By tilling the beach surface, the allelopathic substances secreted by the monsoon soil are washed away by the ebb and flow of the tide, providing a suitable tidal soil environment for native tree species to settle in, promoting the growth and development of native mangrove plants, and enabling the community to evolve into a community dominated by native mangrove plants.
[0081] Example 2:
[0082] The following steps are taken to control the formation of apetalous seeds in pure stands:
[0083] Three 50×50m experimental plots were set up in the pure forest area of Avicennia marina in Kangxi Ridge, Maoweihai, and sprayed with lime sulfur, ethephon, and naphthaleneacetic acid respectively. At the same time, one 50×50m control plot (without flower and fruit thinning agent) was set up in the nearby area. The treatments showed that the seed formation of Avicennia marina was significantly controlled.
[0084] (1) Preparation of flower and fruit thinning solution: This case study uses commonly used flower and fruit thinning agents such as lime sulfur, ethephon, and naphthaleneacetic acid as examples to introduce the technology for controlling the formation of petalless sea hibiscus seeds:
[0085] Lime sulfur: concentration of 2-3 Baume degrees; Ethephon: concentration of 0.05-0.10 g / L; Naphthaleneacetic acid: concentration of 30 mg / kg;
[0086] (2) Spraying time: Apply during the peak flowering period of the petalless Avicennia marina in May-June and September-October. It is recommended to spray once a week during May-June and September-October, for a total of 4-5 times.
[0087] (3) Application method: Use agricultural drones to spray each pesticide at the specified concentration;
[0088] (4) Implementation results: In the pure Avicennia marina forest area sprayed with lime sulfur mixture, ethephon and naphthaleneacetic acid, the fruit yield of Avicennia marina was only 15.2%, 13.8% and 10.6% of that in the control area.
[0089] Example 3:
[0090] The rapid expansion zone inhibits the growth and development of Avicennia marinae. The implementation steps are as follows:
[0091] Three treatments were set up in the rapidly expanding area of *Avicennia marina* (a type of shrub) on the outer beach of Daxinwei, Maowei Haiqinjiang: saline injection, root collar girdling, and root pruning. Seven mature *Avicennia marina* trees were used in each treatment, and seven nearby mature trees of similar age and growth were selected as controls. The treatments significantly inhibited the growth and development of *Avicennia marina*.
[0092] (1) Drill holes in the root collar of mature Avicennia marina to the pith, prepare sea salt with a concentration of 4 mol / L, put it into an infusion bag and hang it on the trunk. Insert a special needle into the drill hole in the trunk to allow the nutrient solution to slowly flow into the tree. Adjust the infusion flow rate. Replace the bag when the salt water in the bag is used up. Continue for 3-5 months. Avicennia marina will slowly wither and die due to excessive salt in the body, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of Avicennia marina.
[0093] (2) In late February or early March, peel the bark in a ring every 50cm upwards from the root neck of the Avicennia marina, for a total of 3-5 rings. The peeling width is 10cm, and the peeling depth reaches the xylem (scrape off all phloem). After girdling, the flow of nutrients back to the roots is blocked, thereby inhibiting the growth of the Avicennia marina roots. After 1-2 years, the roots will wither and die due to lack of nutrient supply, eventually leading to the withering and death of the above-ground parts, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of Avicennia marina;
[0094] (3) At the end of February or the beginning of March, use a shovel to cut off all the main roots within 50cm of the main trunk of the petalless Avicennia marina, blocking the roots from absorbing water and nutrients to supply the above-ground parts, which eventually leads to the withering and death of the above-ground parts, effectively inhibiting the growth and development of the petalless Avicennia marina.
[0095] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the layered peeling of the outer bark in a method for accelerating the natural degradation of *Sonneratia apetala* forests as described in Examples 1 and 3. Figure 1As can be seen, the cortex, including the phloem, is girdled to expose the underlying xylem. Because the genus *Avicennia marina* is extremely resilient, the girdling must be deep enough, and multiple girdling operations are performed at different heights of the trunk to completely isolate the nutrient transport of the sieve tube tissue within the phloem.
[0096] Figure 5 The diagram shows a root severing method for accelerating the natural degradation of Avicennia marina forests as described in Examples 1 and 3. It can be seen that by severing the roots, the ability of Avicennia marina roots to absorb and transport substances is reduced, thereby gradually inhibiting the growth and development of Avicennia marina.
[0097] Figure 6 The diagram shows the liquid injection method for accelerating the natural degradation of Avicennia marina forests as described in Examples 1 and 3. As can be seen, the liquid agent is squeezed into the tree by gravity and pressure of the liquid bottle, interfering with the physiology of Avicennia marina, inhibiting growth, and gradually being replaced.
[0098] Example 4:
[0099] The following are the steps for restoring the understory habitat of *Sonneratia apetala* forests in degraded areas of native mangrove communities:
[0100] Habitat restoration was carried out on the tidal flats of the Maowei Haishajing Amanita muscaria canopy forest (degraded native mangrove community), following the steps:
[0101] (1) Construct first, second, and third-level tidal channels under the closed canopy of *Sonneratia apetala* forest:
[0102] The first-level tidal channel is 2-3m wide and 1-2m deep, with a distance of 20-30m between two tidal channels. The tidal channel runs in a streamlined shape in the direction of high and low tide.
[0103] The secondary tidal channel is 1-2m wide and 0.5-1m deep, with a distance of 10-15m between the two channels. The secondary tidal channel is connected to the primary tidal channel and adopts a natural streamline shape according to the terrain.
[0104] The third-level tidal channel is 0.5-1m wide and 0.2-0.5m deep, with a distance of 3-5m between two tidal channels. The third-level tidal channel is connected to the second-level tidal channel and adopts a natural streamline shape according to the terrain.
[0105] (2) Set up a net at the sea outlet of the first tidal channel to intercept the dead branches, leaves, fruits and debris of the petalless sea mulberry;
[0106] (3) Regularly clean up dead branches, leaves, fallen fruit and debris in the tidal ditch and the netting;
[0107] (4) Every 6 months, the beach surface is deeply plowed (plowing depth 30cm). By plowing the beach surface, the allelopathic substances secreted by the monsoon soil are washed away with the ebb and flow of the tide, providing a suitable tidal soil environment for native tree species to settle in, promoting the growth and development of native mangrove plants, and enabling the community to evolve into a community dominated by native mangrove plants.
[0108] Figure 2 The diagram shows the tidal channel modification of a method for accelerating the natural degradation of *Sonneratia apetala* forests as described in Examples 1 and 4. It can be seen that, based on seawater dynamics and geological structure, the original tidal channel flow direction and structure are modified to expand and widen the tidal channel, accelerate the exchange of materials between seawater and the tidal flat, and improve the material composition and structure of the tidal flat.
[0109] Figure 3 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of a tidal channel, illustrating a method for accelerating the natural degradation of *Avicennia marina* forests as described in Examples 1 and 4. It can be seen that, based on the fluidity of the tidal flat soil, the channel is expanded and deepened to accommodate the tidal light, preventing the channel from being blocked by *Avicennia marina* fruits and branches, thus avoiding poor water exchange.
[0110] Figure 4 The diagram shows a tidal barrier net used in the method for accelerating the natural degradation of *Avicennia marina* forests as described in Examples 1 and 4. As can be seen, the barrier net is used to intercept fallen fruit and prevent *Avicennia marina* from drifting and spreading with ocean currents.
[0111] Analysis and Discussion:
[0112] The method for accelerating the natural degradation of hibiscus forests described in this invention has the following main advantages:
[0113] (1) The integrated flower and fruit thinning technology, root ringing and root cutting technology, and bottom mud improvement technology are all mature agricultural technologies, which are easy to implement and easy for technicians to master.
[0114] (2) After the implementation of the plan, the community structure succession is a slow natural process. The coastal ecosystem will gradually change from quantitative to qualitative change. It will not cause ecological risks due to the collapse of the coastal ecosystem caused by large-scale destruction of the Amonella apetalis forest.
[0115] (3) The implementation cost of the plan is low, achieving the expected goal with minimal human and material resources.
[0116] The above description is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the patent application of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made under the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the patent scope covered by the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for accelerating the natural degradation of *Sonneratia apetala* forests, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Controlling the formation of apetalous seeds of Avicennia marina: Three 50×50m experimental plots were set up in the pure 'Avicennia marina' forest area, and lime sulfur, ethephon, and naphthaleneacetic acid were sprayed respectively; at the same time, one 50×50m control plot was set up in the nearby area. S1-1. Preparation of flower and fruit thinning solution: Prepare flower and fruit thinning agents, lime sulfur mixture, ethephon, and naphthaleneacetic acid. Lime sulfur mixture: The concentration used is 2-3 Baume degrees; Ethephon: The concentration used is 0.05-0.10 g / L; Naphthaleneacetic acid: The concentration used is 30 mg / kg; S1-2. Spraying time: Apply during the peak flowering period of the petalless Avicennia marina in May-June and September-October. Spray once a week during May-June and September-October, and repeat 4-5 times. S1-3. Application method: Use an agricultural drone to spray at the specified concentration of each pesticide. S2. Inhibits the growth and development of Avicennia marinae: Three treatments were set up in the rapidly expanding area of Avicennia marina: saline injection, root collar girdling, and root pruning. Seven mature Avicennia marina trees were used for each treatment, and seven mature trees of similar age and growth were selected nearby as controls. S2-1. Drill holes down to the pith at the root collar of mature Avicennia marina. Prepare a 4 mol / L concentration of sea salt and place it in an infusion bag. Hang the bag on the trunk and insert a needle into the drilled hole in the trunk to allow the nutrient solution to slowly flow into the tree. Adjust the infusion flow rate. Replace the bag when the salt water in the bag is used up. Continue this process for 3-5 months. Avicennia marina will slowly wither and die due to excessive salt in its body, thus inhibiting the growth and development of Avicennia marina. S2-2. In late February or early March, bark the bark in a ring every 50cm upwards from the root neck of the Avicennia marina, for a total of 3-5 rings. The bark width is 10cm, and the bark is peeled down to the xylem. All phloem is scraped off. After girdling, the flow of nutrients to the roots is blocked, which inhibits the growth of the Avicennia marina roots. After 1-2 years, the roots will wither and die due to lack of nutrient supply, eventually leading to the withering and death of the above-ground parts, thus inhibiting the growth and development of Avicennia marina. S2-3. In late February or early March, use a shovel to cut off all the main roots within 50cm of the main stem of the Avicennia marina. This blocks the roots from absorbing water and nutrients and supplying them to the above-ground parts, eventually causing the above-ground parts to wither and die, thus inhibiting the growth and development of the Avicennia marina. S3. Modifying the understory habitat of Avicennia marina: The following steps were taken to implement habitat restoration in the tidal flats of the closed canopy forest of *Sonneratia apetala*: S3-1. Widen the first, second, and third-level tidal channels under the closed canopy of *Sonneratia apetala* forest, and dredge and widen them based on the existing natural tidal channels: The first-level tidal channel is 2-3m wide and 1-2m deep. The distance between two tidal channels is adjusted according to the actual situation, and is 20-30m. The direction of the tidal channel is streamlined in the direction of the ebb and flow of the tide. The secondary tidal channel is 1-2m wide and 0.5-1m deep, with a distance of 10-15m between the two channels. The secondary tidal channel is connected to the primary tidal channel and adopts a natural streamline shape according to the terrain. The third-level tidal channel is 0.5-1m wide and 0.2-0.5m deep, with a distance of 3-5m between two tidal channels. The third-level tidal channel is connected to the second-level tidal channel and adopts a natural streamline shape according to the terrain. S3-2. Set up a net at the seaward outlet of the first-level tidal channel to intercept the dead branches, leaves, fruits and debris of the monal mulberry. S3-3. Regularly clean up dead branches, leaves, fallen fruit and debris in the tidal ditch and around the netting. S3-4. Deeply till the beach surface every 6 months. By tilling the beach surface, the allelopathic substances secreted by the monsoon soil are washed away by the ebb and flow of the tide, providing a suitable tidal soil environment for native tree species to settle in, promoting the growth and development of native mangrove plants, and enabling the community to evolve into a community dominated by native mangrove plants.
2. The method for accelerating the natural degradation of *Sonneratia apetala* forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pure forest area of Sangha nephrolepis mentioned in S1 is selected from the Kangxi Ridge area of Maoweihai in Qinzhou.
3. The method for accelerating the natural degradation of apetalous kaempferi forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The setting of saline injection in the rapidly expanding area of *S. apetalae* as described in S2 refers to setting saline injection in the rapidly expanding area of *S. apetalae* on the outer beach of Maowei Haiqinjiang Daxinwei.
4. The method for accelerating the natural degradation of apetalous kaempferi forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The habitat modification described in S3 for the closed forest tidal flats of *Sonneratia apetala* refers to the habitat modification carried out in the closed forest tidal flats of *Sonneratia apetala* in Maowei Haishajing.
5. The method for accelerating the natural degradation of *Sonneratia apetala* forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: As described in S4, the beach surface should be deeply plowed every 6 months, with a plowing depth of 30cm.