Compound feed additive rich in micro-ecological regulatory factors and preparation method of compound feed additive

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of green animal husbandry, in particular to a compound feed additive rich in micro-ecological regulatory factors and a preparation method of the compound feed additive. According to the technical scheme, the additive is prepared by compounding microcapsule embedded probiotics, oligosaccharides, synergistic enzymes, natural plant extracts, bioactive polypeptides, adsorption type mineral carriers and the like in proportion. The preparation method comprises the steps of embedding treatment of the probiotics, premixing and enzymolysis of the synergistic factors, three-stage homogeneous mixing and slow-release wrapping and drying. The additive has the advantages of remarkable component synergism, strong intestinal targeted release ability, good growth promotion and anti-stress effects and the like, and is suitable for antibiotic-free additive application of various livestock and poultry feeds. Through model optimization and release kinetics verification, the method has a good industrialization prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of green animal husbandry, and in particular to a composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development of modern livestock and poultry farming, improving animal intestinal health and feed utilization has become critical to increasing farming profitability. Traditional feed additives often rely on antibiotic growth promoters. However, the long-term use of these additives has led to drug resistance and food safety concerns, prompting countries to gradually restrict or even ban the use of antibiotics in feed. Consequently, the development of green, safe, and efficient alternatives has become a hot topic in feed additive research.

[0003] In recent years, compound microecological additives based on the "intestinal-microecological-immunological" regulatory theory have gradually become an ideal choice. These additives combine multiple active ingredients such as probiotics, prebiotics, functional enzymes, plant extracts, and biological peptides to synergistically act on the animal's intestinal environment, regulating the balance of microflora, strengthening the mucosal barrier, and improving nutrient absorption, thereby achieving the goals of promoting growth and resisting stress without antibiotics.

[0004] However, existing products still have the following technical bottlenecks: first, the components are single or antagonistic to each other, lacking clear compatibility logic and synergistic mechanism; second, the functional ingredients are unstable and their activity is severely lost during feed processing; third, there is a lack of targeted release technology, resulting in low bioavailability of additives in animals.

[0005] To this end, we propose a composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors and a preparation method thereof to solve the existing problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problems existing in the background technology and to provide a composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors and a preparation method thereof.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors, the feed additive comprising the following components by mass percentage:

[0008] Microcapsules contain 10% to 30% probiotics, 5% to 20% oligosaccharide regulatory factors, 3% to 10% enzyme synergistic factors, 1% to 5% polypeptide peptide chain carriers, 5% to 15% natural plant extracts, 15% to 35% adsorbed slow-release mineral carriers and 0.5% to 5% biological activation factors.

[0009] Through optimized combination, the components can achieve directional proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the animal intestine, regulate microecological balance, enhance feed conversion rate and improve immune response ability. Among them, the microcapsule encapsulation structure can effectively protect active probiotics from crossing the gastrointestinal barrier, oligosaccharides and enzyme factors jointly participate in the intestinal metabolic regulation reaction, polypeptide chains promote targeted absorption of ingredients, natural extracts have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, adsorbed mineral matrices achieve timed release and delivery control of active ingredients, and biological activation factors promote overall physiological regulation functions.

[0010] A method for preparing a composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors comprises the following steps:

[0011] Step 1: Microencapsulate the selected probiotic strain using a thermosensitive polymer material to form encapsulated particles with a protective structure;

[0012] Step 2: Pre-treat the oligosaccharide regulatory factors and enzyme co-factors to activate their synergistic metabolic ability in the intestine through enzymatic reactions;

[0013] Step 3: Compound the components sequentially according to the established proportions, and achieve full fusion through gradient heating and homogeneous mixing;

[0014] Step 4: The composite mixture is coated and molded using an adsorption-type natural mineral material to obtain a granular feed additive with excellent sustained-release performance.

[0015] This method can effectively maintain the stability of active ingredients, improve the bioavailability of prebiotic factors, and ensure the partitioned release and targeted effects of functional factors in the animal digestive system.

[0016] Preferably, the probiotics encapsulated in the microcapsules include at least one of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bacillus subtilis, wherein the content of viable bacteria of each strain is not less than 1×10 9 CFU / g, and intestinal targeted release is achieved through composite encapsulation technology. The microcapsule material is a composite structure of thermosensitive polymer and natural chitosan, which effectively improves the survival rate and colonization ability of bacteria in the gastric acid environment.

[0017] Preferably, the oligosaccharide regulatory factor is selected from oligofructose, oligogalactose or oligoxylose, wherein the content of oligofructose is preferably more than 50% of the component, and is prepared by directed enzymatic hydrolysis technology. The oligosaccharide can specifically promote the rapid proliferation of probiotics such as bifidobacteria, synergistically improve the host intestinal flora structure, and enhance feed utilization.

[0018] Preferably, the enzyme synergistic factor includes any one of saccharifying enzyme, cellulase and lactase or a combination thereof, wherein saccharifying enzyme can promote the decomposition of complex carbohydrates, lactase helps the digestion and metabolism of lactose, and cellulase increases the degradation rate of crude fiber in plant feed, and a special enzyme stabilizer is added during the compounding process to ensure its activity stability during the feed pelleting process.

[0019] Preferably, the natural plant extracts are derived from licorice, astragalus, echinacea or garlic, among which licorice flavonoids have the effect of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, astragalus polysaccharides can enhance the activity of animal macrophages, echinacea extract can increase immunoglobulin levels, and allicin has strong natural antibacterial activity. The four synergistically improve the disease resistance and growth performance of livestock and poultry.

[0020] Preferably, the adsorption-type sustained-release mineral carrier is selected from modified zeolite, bentonite or attapulgite clay, and a high specific surface area structure is formed through surface grafting modification, which can achieve sustained release of active factors. The carrier also has the comprehensive performance of regulating gastrointestinal pH, adsorbing harmful metabolites, and enhancing intestinal barrier function.

[0021] Preferably, the bioactivator is β-glucan, polysaccharide peptides or mannan peptides derived from seaweed or yeast cell walls, which can effectively activate the animal's nonspecific immune system, enhance the intestinal mucosal immune barrier, reduce the expression level of inflammatory factors, and play a significant regulatory role in feeding stress periods (such as group transfer and weaning).

[0022] Preferably, the microencapsulation process adopts condensation temperature control coating technology, the embedding temperature is controlled between 35°C and 45°C, and is supplemented by a low-speed premixing and airflow drying system to form encapsulated particles with an average particle size between 100 microns and 300 microns, effectively preventing the inactivation of probiotics and ensuring that they can be actively released in the small intestine after passing through the gastric acid barrier.

[0023] Preferably, the mixing step uses a high-speed shear homogenization device, and the enzymes and oligosaccharide regulatory factors are premixed to form functional groups, and then gradually added with plant extracts, polypeptide carriers and biological activation factors in three stages to ensure the synergistic effect and structural stability among the functional factors, and finally obtain a compound feed additive with high uniformity of ingredients, strong stability and easy molding.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] Scientific ingredient combination: Through the synergistic combination of composite encapsulated probiotics, oligosaccharide prebiotics, functional enzymes, plant extracts and bioactive peptides, a multi-target regulatory mechanism of "probiotics + prebiotics + immune activation + nutritional assistance" is achieved;

[0026] Targeted release and high-activity protection: Thermosensitive polymer and chitosan encapsulation technology are used to improve the survival rate and targeted colonization ability of probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract, significantly enhancing their biological effects;

[0027] Good sustained release and stability: Modified mineral clay is used as an adsorption-type sustained release carrier to achieve slow release while ensuring the stability of the ingredients, thereby increasing the utilization time and efficiency in the animal body;

[0028] Refined modeling of process parameters: This invention introduces mathematical parameters such as activity optimization function, mixing index and release model to quantitatively describe component synergy and process control, providing a theoretical basis for industrialization;

[0029] Significant anti-stress and growth-promoting effects: Animal experiments have shown that this additive can significantly improve the structure of intestinal flora, enhance immunity levels, reduce feed-to-meat ratio, and achieve the purpose of green growth promotion. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 Schematic representation of the compound feed additive ingredients of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the compound feed additive of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention proposes a composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors. In this embodiment, the following component ratios by mass percentage are selected to prepare the composite feed additive:

[0035] Microcapsulated probiotics: The microcapsulated probiotics include at least one of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bacillus subtilis, and the content of viable bacteria of each strain is not less than 1×10 9 CFU / g, and achieves intestinal targeted release through composite encapsulation technology. The microcapsule material is a composite structure of thermosensitive polymer and natural chitosan, which effectively improves the survival rate and colonization ability of bacteria in the gastric acid environment;

[0036] Oligosaccharide regulatory factors: Oligosaccharide regulatory factors are selected from oligofructose, wherein the content of oligofructose is preferably more than 50% of the component, and are prepared by targeted enzymatic hydrolysis technology. The oligosaccharide can specifically promote the rapid proliferation of probiotics such as Bifidobacterium, synergistically improve the host intestinal flora structure, and enhance feed utilization;

[0037] Enzyme synergists: Enzyme synergists include a combination of cellulase and lactase. Lactase helps digest and metabolize lactose, while cellulase increases the degradation rate of crude fiber in plant-based feeds. Special enzyme stabilizers are added during the compounding process to ensure their activity stability during the feed pelleting process.

[0038] Polypeptide chain carrier;

[0039] Natural plant extracts: Natural plant extracts are derived from licorice and astragalus. Licorice flavonoids have the effect of inhibiting pathogenic bacteria, and astragalus polysaccharides can enhance the activity of animal macrophages, synergistically improving the disease resistance and growth performance of livestock and poultry;

[0040] Adsorption-type sustained-release mineral carrier: The adsorption-type sustained-release mineral carrier is selected from attapulgite clay. Through surface grafting modification, it forms a high specific surface area structure, which can achieve the sustained release of active factors. This carrier also has the comprehensive performance of regulating gastrointestinal pH, adsorbing harmful metabolites, and improving intestinal barrier function.

[0041] Bioactivator: Bioactivator is a β-glucan derived from the cell wall of seaweed or yeast. It can effectively activate the nonspecific immune system of animals, enhance the intestinal mucosal immune barrier, reduce the expression level of inflammatory factors, and play a significant regulatory role during feeding stress periods (such as group transfer and weaning).

[0042] By optimizing the combination of various components, the directional proliferation of beneficial bacteria in the animal intestine can be achieved, the balance of microecology can be regulated, the feed conversion rate can be enhanced, and the immune response can be improved. Among them, the microcapsule encapsulation structure can effectively protect the active probiotics from crossing the gastrointestinal barrier. Oligosaccharides and enzyme factors jointly participate in the intestinal metabolic regulation reaction. The polypeptide chain promotes the targeted absorption of ingredients. The natural extract has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The adsorption of mineral matrix realizes the timed release and delivery control of the active ingredients. The biological activation factor promotes the overall physiological regulation function. Through the above, in order to optimize the formula structure and evaluate its comprehensive ability to regulate the intestinal microecology, the regulatory activity index R calculation model is introduced:

[0043]

[0044] in:

[0045] R is the overall microecological regulatory activity index;

[0046] w i represents the biological function weight of the i-th component;

[0047] μ i It indicates the average efficiency of the ingredient in regulating intestinal flora;

[0048] φ i Indicates the synergistic factor between the ingredient and the targeted bacterial flora;

[0049] α∈(1,2] is the adjustment nonlinear weighting coefficient;

[0050] σ j represents the standard deviation of the compatibility uncertainty of the jth component;

[0051] n is the number of active ingredients involved in activity regulation in the formula.

[0052] In this embodiment, the parameters are set as follows:

[0053] Number of component types n = 7;

[0054] Weight coefficient of each component w i The value is determined based on its functional contribution, such as probiotics is set at 0.25, oligofructose is 0.15, enzymes is 0.10, and so on;

[0055] Average regulation efficiency μ i Data from microbial flora analysis in animal laboratories;

[0056] Synergistic factor φ i Obtained through in vitro simulated co-culture experiments;

[0057] The nonlinear adjustment index α is set to 1.5;

[0058] Compatibility uncertainty standard deviation σ j It comes from the volatility evaluation of each component during the mixing uniformity control process.

[0059] Finally, the experimental data is input into the model for calculation.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, the preparation method of a composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors proposed by the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Microencapsulate the selected probiotic strain using a thermosensitive polymer material to form encapsulated particles with a protective structure;

[0063] The microencapsulation process uses condensation temperature-controlled coating technology, with the encapsulation temperature controlled between 35°C and 45°C, and supplemented by a low-speed premixing and airflow drying system to form encapsulated particles with an average particle size between 100 microns and 300 microns, effectively preventing the inactivation of probiotics and ensuring that they can be actively released in the small intestine after passing through the gastric acid barrier.

[0064] A composite strain of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacillus subtilis was selected and encapsulated using a thermosensitive polymer and chitosan composite material. The average particle size was controlled to 200 μm, and the stability was estimated using the following approximate diffusion model:

[0065]

[0066] in:

[0067] k is the Boltzmann constant,

[0068] T is the gelation temperature (K),

[0069] η is the viscosity of the polymerization system (Pa·s),

[0070] r is the average radius of rotation under shear force;

[0071] In this embodiment, the parameters are set as follows:

[0072] T = 313K, embedding temperature;

[0073] η = 0.89 mPa·s, system viscosity;

[0074] r = 1.0 × 10 -6 CFU / g, particle radius under shear conditions.

[0075] Step 2: Pre-treat the oligosaccharide regulatory factors and enzyme co-factors to activate their synergistic metabolic ability in the intestine through enzymatic reactions;

[0076] Oligofructose was mixed with cellulase and lactase in the appropriate ratio and incubated at 37°C in a pH 6.5 buffer for 3 hours. The reaction kinetics was described by the following expression:

[0077]

[0078] in:

[0079] v is the enzymatic reaction rate,

[0080] V max is the maximum reaction rate,

[0081] K m is the Michaelis constant,

[0082] [S] is the substrate concentration,

[0083] [C] is the concentration of the synergist,

[0084] β and γ are adjustment coefficients;

[0085] In this embodiment, the parameters are set as follows:

[0086] Set the substrate concentration [S] = 20 mM and the synergist concentration [C] = 5 mM to optimize the enzymatic reaction rate and enhance metabolic synergy.

[0087] Step 3: Compound the components sequentially according to the established proportions, and achieve full fusion through gradient heating and homogeneous mixing;

[0088] The mixing step uses high-speed shear homogenization equipment, and enzymes and oligosaccharide regulatory factors are pre-mixed to form functional groups, and then gradually added with plant extracts, polypeptide carriers and biological activation factors in three stages to ensure the synergistic effect and structural stability among the functional factors, and finally obtain a compound feed additive with high uniformity of ingredients, strong stability and easy molding.

[0089] All components are added to the high-speed shear mixer in proportion and the mixing time is 25 minutes. They are added in three stages to ensure that the functions of different components do not interfere with each other. The mixing uniformity is estimated by the following mixing index:

[0090]

[0091] Among them, x i is the target component content in the i-th sample, is the average content of the target component;

[0092] Finally, the mixing index M=0.96 was obtained, indicating that the mixing uniformity was excellent.

[0093] Step 4: The composite mixture is coated and molded using an adsorbent natural mineral material to obtain a granular feed additive with excellent sustained-release performance. Modified attapulgite is used as a mineral carrier, and the resulting mixture is spray-coated and molded and then dried at low temperature (45°C). The resulting additive particles have a moderate particle size, good mechanical stability, and sustained-release properties. The release process satisfies the following first-order release kinetic model:

[0094] Q t =Q ∞ (1-e -kt )

[0095] Control the release process of active ingredients, where Q t is the amount released at time t, Q ∞ is the maximum release amount, and k is the release rate constant.

[0096] In a broiler breeding experiment, 0.5% of the composite feed additive according to this embodiment was added to the basic feed and fed continuously for 28 days. The number of beneficial bacteria in the intestine of the experimental group increased by 46%, the feed-to-meat ratio decreased by 7.2%, the intestinal pH value remained stable, and the expression levels of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α decreased significantly, showing excellent microecological regulation and growth promotion effects.

[0097] This method can effectively maintain the stability of active ingredients, improve the bioavailability of prebiotic factors, and ensure the partitioned release and targeted effects of functional factors in the animal digestive system.

[0098] The above specific embodiments are only several preferred embodiments of the present invention. Based on the technical solutions of the present invention and the relevant inspirations of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make various alternative improvements and combinations to the above specific embodiments.

[0099] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above and that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations that come within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be embraced therein.

Claims

1. A composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors, characterized in that: The feed additive includes the following components by mass percentage: Microcapsule-encapsulated probiotics 10% to 30%, oligosaccharide regulatory factors 5% to 20%, enzyme synergistic factors 3% to 10%, polypeptide peptide chain carriers 1% to 5%, natural plant extracts 5% to 15%, adsorbed slow-release mineral carriers 15% to 35% and biological activation factors 0.5% to 5%; Wherein, the composite ratio satisfies the calculation model of the regulation activity index R.

2. A method for preparing a composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Microencapsulate the selected probiotic strain using a thermosensitive polymer material to form encapsulated particles with a protective structure; Step 2: Pre-treat the oligosaccharide regulatory factors and enzyme co-factors to activate their synergistic metabolic ability in the intestine through enzymatic reactions; Step 3: Compound the components sequentially according to the established proportions, and achieve full fusion through gradient heating and homogeneous mixing; Step 4: The composite mixture is coated and molded using an adsorption-type natural mineral material to obtain a granular feed additive with excellent sustained-release performance.

3. The composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The probiotics encapsulated in the microcapsules include at least one of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bacillus subtilis, and intestinal targeted release is achieved through composite encapsulation technology. The microcapsule material is a composite structure of a thermosensitive polymer and natural chitosan.

4. The composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oligosaccharide regulatory factor is selected from fructooligosaccharide, galacto-oligosaccharide or xylo-oligosaccharide, wherein the content of fructooligosaccharide is preferably more than 50% of the component, and is prepared by directed enzymatic hydrolysis technology.

5. The composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enzyme synergistic factor includes any one of saccharifying enzyme, cellulase and lactase or a combination thereof, and a special enzyme stabilizer is added during the compounding process.

6. The composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural plant extract is derived from liquorice, astragalus, echinacea or garlic.

7. The composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adsorption-type slow-release mineral carrier is selected from modified zeolite, bentonite or attapulgite clay, and is modified by surface grafting to form a high specific surface area structure.

8. The composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bioactivator is beta-glucan, polysaccharide peptides or mannan peptides derived from the cell wall of seaweed or yeast.

9. The method for preparing a composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors according to claim 2, characterized in that: The microencapsulation process adopts condensation temperature control coating technology, the embedding temperature is controlled between 35°C and 45°C, and is supplemented by a low-speed premixing and airflow drying system to form encapsulated particles with an average particle size between 100 microns and 300 microns.

10. The method for preparing a composite feed additive rich in microecological regulatory factors according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mixing step uses a high-speed shear homogenizing device, and the enzymes and oligosaccharide regulatory factors are premixed to form functional groups, and then the plant extracts, polypeptide carriers and biological activation factors are gradually added in three stages.

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