A method and system for transmitting signals from a ship

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of signal transmission optimization, in particular to a ship signal transmission method and system, which comprises the following steps: acquiring internal structure characteristic information of a ship; constructing a central processing unit and a distributed multi-antenna unit on the ship; the central processing unit sends a pilot signal to a target communication terminal through the distributed multi-antenna unit according to a communication request, and receives a feedback signal from the target communication terminal; the central processing unit analyzes the feedback signal to acquire channel characteristic information of a communication link between the distributed multi-antenna unit and the target communication terminal; and a beamforming parameter is calculated according to the internal structure characteristic information of the ship, the channel characteristic information and dynamic environment parameters of the ship through an intelligent optimization algorithm. The adaptive beam pointing to the target communication terminal is formed by controlling the distributed multi-antenna unit through the beamforming parameter, and the optimized transmission of signals is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of signal transmission optimization, in particular to a ship signal transmission method and system. BACKGROUND

[0002] The internal structure of a ship is complex, with numerous metal partitions, which results in severe attenuation of wireless signals during transmission within the ship, limited coverage range, and susceptibility to multipath effect interference.

[0003] Traditional fixed antennas or simple beamforming techniques are difficult to adapt to the dynamically changing channel environment inside the ship body, affecting communication quality and reliability. A wireless communication method is needed that can dynamically adjust the beam direction and shape according to the ship body structure and real-time channel state to improve signal coverage and transmission performance within the ship.

[0004] To this end, a ship signal transmission method and system are proposed. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a ship signal transmission method and system that acquires internal structural feature information of a ship; constructs a central processing unit and a distributed multi-antenna unit on the ship; the central processing unit sends pilot signals to a target communication terminal through the distributed multi-antenna unit according to a communication request and receives feedback signals from the target communication terminal; analyzes the feedback signals through the central processing unit to obtain channel characteristic information of the communication link between the distributed multi-antenna unit and the target communication terminal; and calculates beamforming parameters according to the internal structural feature information of the ship, the channel characteristic information, and the dynamic environmental parameters of the ship through an intelligent optimization algorithm. The present application controls the distributed multi-antenna unit through the beamforming parameters to form an adaptive beam pointing to the target communication terminal, achieving optimized transmission of signals.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A ship signal transmission method, comprising:

[0008] Acquiring internal structural feature information of a ship;

[0009] Constructing a central processing unit and a distributed multi-antenna unit on the ship; the central processing unit sends pilot signals to a target communication terminal through the distributed multi-antenna unit according to a communication request and receives feedback signals from the target communication terminal; analyzing the feedback signals through the central processing unit to obtain channel characteristic information of the communication link between the distributed multi-antenna unit and the target communication terminal;

[0010] Calculating beamforming parameters according to the internal structural feature information of the ship, the channel characteristic information, and the dynamic environmental parameters of the ship through an intelligent optimization algorithm.

[0011] The beamforming parameters are sent to the distributed multi-antenna unit, which controls the distributed multi-antenna unit to adjust the excitation amplitude and phase of each antenna unit thereof to form an adaptive beam pointing to the target communication terminal, thereby realizing optimized transmission of signals.

[0012] The central processing unit is connected with a plurality of distributed multi-antenna units through a communication link;

[0013] The distributed multi-antenna unit is composed of at least two spatially separated antenna subarrays, each of which contains at least two antenna elements, and each of the antenna elements can independently control the excitation amplitude and phase thereof.

[0014] The pilot signal is a preset wideband signal; the feedback signal is generated by the target communication terminal according to the measurement result of the received pilot signal, and the feedback signal includes a received signal strength indication, a channel quality indication, a precoding matrix indication, a rank indication, and an uplink channel sounding reference signal.

[0015] The feedback signal is decoded, and channel characteristic information is obtained based on the pilot signal; the channel characteristic information includes path loss, shadow fading, Rician K factor, multipath delay spectrum, signal arrival angle, departure angle, and channel correlation matrix.

[0016] The ship dynamic environment parameters include ship dynamic parameters, ship interference parameters, and natural environment parameters;

[0017] The ship dynamic parameters include real-time position coordinates, speed, heading, pitch angle, roll angle, heave displacement, and structural vibration frequency of the ship;

[0018] The ship interference parameters include a list of active electromagnetic wave emitting devices on the ship and their working states, real-time positions and attitudes of large metal structural components of the ship body;

[0019] The natural environment parameters include sea wave level, wind speed and direction, rainfall intensity, atmospheric wave propagation condition index, and prediction data of the influence of solar sunspot activity on the ionosphere at the position of the ship.

[0020] The intelligent optimization algorithm includes an internal structure identification layer, a signal interference identification layer, and a signal parameter optimization layer;

[0021] The internal structure identification layer identifies the internal structure characteristic information of the ship to obtain ship structure data between the central processing unit, the distributed multi-antenna unit, and the target communication terminal;

[0022] The signal interference identification layer identifies signal interference characteristic data through the ship dynamic parameters, the ship interference parameters, the natural environment parameters, and the ship structure data.

[0023] The signal parameter optimization layer performs optimization calculation based on the channel characteristic information and the signal interference characteristic data to obtain beamforming parameters; the beamforming parameters are matrix data, and the dimensions thereof correspond to the total number of antenna elements of the distributed multi-antenna units participating in beamforming.

[0024] The process of controlling the distributed multi-antenna units to adjust the excitation amplitude and phase of each antenna unit includes:

[0025] The central processing unit respectively issues the calculated beamforming parameters to the beamforming network in the corresponding distributed multi-antenna unit.

[0026] The radio frequency front end of each antenna unit performs corresponding amplitude weighting and phase translation on the carrier signal when transmitting the signal according to the received excitation amplitude and phase values, so that the signals radiated and / or received by each antenna unit are in phase in a specific direction in space, forming an adaptive beam with high directivity gain.

[0027] A ship signal transmission system, comprising:

[0028] A ship structure identification module acquires internal structure characteristic information of the ship.

[0029] A channel characteristic identification module constructs a central processing unit and a distributed multi-antenna unit on the ship; the central processing unit sends a pilot signal to a target communication terminal through the distributed multi-antenna unit according to a communication request, and receives a feedback signal from the target communication terminal; the central processing unit analyzes the feedback signal to acquire channel characteristic information of a communication link between the distributed multi-antenna unit and the target communication terminal.

[0030] An intelligent algorithm optimization module calculates beamforming parameters according to the internal structure characteristic information of the ship, the channel characteristic information, and dynamic environmental parameters of the ship through an intelligent optimization algorithm.

[0031] A signal transmission optimization module sends the beamforming parameters to the distributed multi-antenna unit to control the distributed multi-antenna unit to adjust the excitation amplitude and phase of each antenna unit, form an adaptive beam pointing to the target communication terminal, and realize optimized transmission of signals.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0033] 1、The application lists the specific content of the ship dynamic environment parameters, which are divided into ship dynamic parameters, ship interference parameters and natural environment parameters. The intelligent optimization algorithm can consider the key dynamic and environmental factors that affect the communication of the ship, so that the beamforming not only adapts to wireless, but also actively adapts to the ship movement, avoids interference, and compensates for the influence of the natural environment, thereby realizing more effective communication.

[0034] 2、The application constructs an intelligent optimization algorithm, including an internal structure identification layer, a signal interference identification layer and a signal parameter optimization layer, and explains the main functions and input and output of each layer. For processing and fusing various complex information and finally generating the core calculation task of beamforming parameters, a restructured and customized solution is provided. This hierarchical processing helps to reduce the complexity of algorithm design and improve optimization efficiency and effect. It is pointed out that the beamforming parameter is a matrix data corresponding to the total number of antenna elements, and the control accuracy is clear.

[0035] 3、The application downloads the calculated beamforming parameters to multiple antenna units to control the antenna units to adjust the amplitude and phase of the signal, and finally forms an electromagnetic beam with high directivity gain. The application process of the beamforming parameter is specified, the physical implementation mechanism from calculation to actual beam forming is indicated, and it is ensured that the theoretical calculation can be converted into actual electromagnetic beam adjustment, so as to achieve the purpose of optimizing transmission. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a ship signal transmission method of the application;

[0037] Figure 2 It is a structure diagram of the intelligent optimization algorithm of the application;

[0038] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of obtaining the beamforming parameter of the application;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a structure diagram of a ship signal transmission system of the application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the application.

[0041] Embodiment one:

[0042] The application proposes a ship signal transmission method, and its flow is as followsFigure 1 The ship is shown, comprising:

[0043] Obtaining internal structural feature information of the ship;

[0044] Building a central processing unit and a distributed multi-antenna unit on the ship; the central processing unit sends a pilot signal to a target communication terminal through the distributed multi-antenna unit according to a communication request, and receives a feedback signal from the target communication terminal; the central processing unit analyzes the feedback signal to obtain channel characteristic information of a communication link between the distributed multi-antenna unit and the target communication terminal;

[0045] According to the internal structural feature information of the ship, the channel characteristic information, and dynamic environmental parameters of the ship, beamforming parameters are calculated by an intelligent optimization algorithm.

[0046] The beamforming parameters are sent to the distributed multi-antenna unit to control the distributed multi-antenna unit to adjust the excitation amplitude and phase of each antenna unit, form an adaptive beam pointing to the target communication terminal, and realize optimized transmission of signals.

[0047] Preferably, the internal structural feature information of the ship is the internal structure of the ship, and the obtaining process includes: obtaining detailed 3D CAD models and BIM data, including hull shape, deck layer, main cabin (such as cabin, laboratory, living area), large metal main component (such as chimney, antenna), antenna installation preparation position, and other geometric information. At the same time, the material type (such as magnesium alloy, composite material) of the main structural component and its approximate dielectric properties (such as electrical conductivity, dielectric constant) are labeled.

[0048] Preferably, the central processing unit is connected with multiple distributed multi-antenna units through a communication link.

[0049] The distributed multi-antenna unit is composed of at least two spatially separated antenna subarrays, each antenna subarray contains at least two antenna elements, and each antenna element can be independently controlled in terms of excitation amplitude and phase.

[0050] The central processing unit is the core computing unit responsible for the overall signal transmission optimization decision. Multiple distributed multi-antenna units are dispersedly deployed at different positions of the hull, and each unit contains multiple independently controllable antenna elements.

[0051] In this embodiment, 8 distributed multi-antenna units are deployed at the bow, stern, left and right sides, and mast of the ship. Each distributed multi-antenna unit is composed of 2 antenna element arrays, and the antenna element array is specifically a 4x4 antenna element array. Therefore, each distributed multi-antenna unit has 32 antenna elements, and the entire ship has 256 antenna elements.

[0052] The application discloses a connection mode of a central processing unit and a plurality of antenna units and a specific structure of the plurality of antenna units.

[0053] Preferably, the pilot signal is a preset wideband signal; the feedback signal is generated by the target communication terminal according to a measurement result of the received pilot signal, and the feedback signal comprises a received signal strength indication, a channel quality indication, a precoding matrix indication, a rank indication and an uplink channel sounding reference signal.

[0054] The feedback signal is decoded, and channel characteristic information is obtained by analyzing based on the pilot signal; the channel characteristic information comprises path loss, shadow fading, a Rician K factor, a multipath delay spectrum, a signal arrival angle, a departure angle and a channel correlation matrix.

[0055] The target communication terminal comprises an antenna of a shore-based control center, a communication module of another ship, a mobile device of another user on the ship and the like.

[0056] The pilot signal is a known signal agreed in advance by a sending end and a receiving end, and is used for channel sounding and estimation; the feedback signal is generated by the target communication terminal according to a measurement result of the received pilot signal, and is transmitted back to the central processing unit, and is used for representing a channel state.

[0057] The received signal strength indication reflects an average power of a reflected received signal; the channel quality indication reflects an overall quality of a channel, and is usually related to an achievable data rate; the precoding matrix indication is a precoding matrix recommended by the target terminal to the sending end; the rank indication is a number of independent data streams estimated by the target terminal to be supported by a current channel; and the uplink channel sounding reference signal is an uplink pilot signal transmitted, and provides a ship for estimating uplink channel characteristics, and the direct downlink channel can be inferred by using channel reciprocity.

[0058] The channel characteristic information describes electromagnetic characteristics of a propagation path between a sending antenna and a receiving antenna.

[0059] The path loss is an average power attenuation of a signal in a propagation process; the shadow fading is signal variation fading caused by large obstacles; the Rician K factor is used for representing a severity of fading; the multipath delay spectrum is a time delay variation distribution of signals arriving at a receiving end from different paths; the signal arrival angle / departure angle is a main direction of signals leaving a sending antenna array and arriving at a receiving antenna array; and the channel correlation matrix describes a correlation between channel responses of different antenna units.

[0060] This invention defines in detail the pilot signal types used for channel sounding, the specific content of the target terminal's feedback signals, and the channel characteristics that can be obtained by analyzing these signals. This provides accurate and comprehensive channel state input for intelligent optimization algorithms, enabling beamforming decisions to be made based on realistic channel conditions, thereby improving channel matching and transmission efficiency.

[0061] Preferably, the ship dynamic environment parameters include ship dynamic parameters, ship interference parameters and natural environment parameters;

[0062] The ship's dynamic parameters include the ship's real-time position coordinates, speed, heading, pitch angle, roll angle, heave displacement, and structural vibration frequency;

[0063] The ship interference parameters include a list of the ship's active electromagnetic wave transmitting equipment and its working status, and the real-time position and posture of the ship's large metal structural parts;

[0064] The natural environment parameters include the wave level, wind speed and direction, rainfall intensity, atmospheric radio wave propagation condition index and predicted data on the impact of sunspot activity on the ionosphere at the ship's location.

[0065] This invention details the specifics of a ship's dynamic environmental parameters, categorized as ship dynamic parameters (position, attitude, vibration, etc.), ship interference parameters (marine electromagnetic equipment, large metal structures), and natural environmental parameters (sea conditions, weather, ionosphere, etc.). It also identifies an intelligent optimization algorithm that accounts for nearly all key dynamic and environmental factors affecting ship communications. This allows beamforming to not only adapt to wireless communication but also proactively adapt to ship motion, avoid interference, and compensate for the effects of the natural environment, thereby achieving more efficient communications.

[0066] Preferably, the structure of the intelligent optimization algorithm is as follows Figure 2 As shown in the figure, it includes an internal structure recognition layer, a signal interference recognition layer, and a signal parameter optimization layer. The purpose of this intelligent optimization algorithm is to integrate multi-source information such as ship structure, channel characteristics, and dynamic environment to accurately calculate the optimal beamforming parameters. The implementation of each layer is now clearly and completely explained:

[0067] The internal structure recognition layer recognizes the internal structure feature information of the ship and obtains the ship structure data between the central processing unit, the distributed multi-antenna unit and the target communication terminal.

[0068] Data input, input the internal structural feature information of the ship, specifically the pre-stored ship 3D CAD model, which contains the geometry, spatial position and material properties (such as the conductivity and dielectric constant of steel and aluminum alloy) of the hull, deck, cabin and large metal components (such as the main engine and smokestack). At the same time, the precise three-dimensional coordinates of the central processing unit and distributed multi-antenna unit on the ship, and the real-time position coordinates obtained by the target communication terminal through GPS and AIS (ship automatic identification system) are input;

[0069] Implementation process: This layer is embedded with an electromagnetic propagation model based on ray tracing and consistent diffraction theory, and the workflow of the electromagnetic propagation model is as follows:

[0070] Initialization: Load the pre-stored ship 3D CAD model into the simulation environment; and take the position of each distributed multi-antenna unit as the transmission point and the position of the target communication terminal as the receiving point;

[0071] Path calculation: A large number of virtual rays will be launched for tracking for the path from each distributed multi-antenna unit to the target communication terminal;

[0072] Path identification: The engine identifies the possible direct path and the main reflection path via the ship structure (such as the deck and the ship side) according to the principles of geometric optics. At the same time, the diffraction path when the signal passes through the edge of a large structure (such as a mast or a building corner) is calculated using the consistent diffraction theory.

[0073] Data output: Output a set of structured data describing the geometric characteristics of the multipath channel, including whether there is a line-of-sight path from each antenna unit to the target terminal, the specific structure name and three-dimensional position of the main reflection / diffraction point, the theoretical propagation distance and free space loss of each path, the additional path loss or gain estimate value caused by the shielding or reflection of the ship structure, and the departure angle and arrival angle of the main path, etc., to obtain the ship structure data.

[0074] The signal interference identification layer, which is based on macroscopic physical paths, further quantifies the signal dynamic changes and interference characteristics introduced by ship dynamics, environmental factors and electromagnetic interference.

[0075] Input data: ship dynamic parameters, ship interference parameters, natural environment parameters and ship structure data;

[0076] Among them, the ship dynamic parameters include real-time GPS position, speed, heading, pitch angle, roll angle and heave vibration obtained through an inertial navigation system, and the main structural vibration frequency of the hull obtained through a structural health monitoring system.

[0077] Ship interference parameters, including the operating frequency, transmitting power, antenna pattern direction and current working state (whether on or off) of high-power radars outside the ship (such as S-band, X-band navigation radars), satellite communication antennas, other radio equipment (such as VHF radio stations); the real-time position and attitude of large metal structures (such as working crane arms) (monitored by sensors).

[0078] Natural environment parameters, including real-time sea wave level, wind speed and direction, and natural intensity obtained through the shipboard meteorological station; atmospheric wave propagation condition index, and prediction data of the influence of solar sunspot activity on the ionosphere (HF or low-frequency satellite communication) obtained by receiving standard time frequency signals and online database queries.

[0079] Implementation process:

[0080] Dynamic impact assessment: real-time ship rolling attitude data (pitch angle, roll angle) is substituted into the geometric model to dynamically update the relative position and angle of the antenna and the target terminal, and the reflection / diffraction points of the ship body, thereby correcting the path parameters (such as path loss and angle) calculated by the internal structure identification layer.

[0081] Ship interference modeling: for each active interference source (such as navigation radar) on the list, according to its position, transmitting power, antenna pattern, and spatial isolation between the target communication link (judged by ship structure data), estimate the interference power and incoming wave direction leaked into the target communication frequency band.

[0082] Environmental interference modeling: according to the rainfall intensity, use standard models such as ITU-R P.838 to calculate the additional loss of rain attenuation to the signal. According to the sea wave level, establish a sea surface reflection model to evaluate the influence of sea clutter on the signal.

[0083] Output data, including: the type of main interference source (such as narrowband interference, wideband noise), incoming wave direction, interference power spectral density, and the estimated value of signal fading characteristics (such as K factor, fading depth and frequency) caused by ship motion and environmental factors, to obtain signal interference characteristic data.

[0084] The signal parameter optimization layer is the core decision-making unit of the algorithm, which functions to comprehensively calculate all known information to maximize the specific beamforming parameters of the communication quality.

[0085] Input data: channel characteristic information and signal interference characteristic data;

[0086] Implementation process: this layer uses a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) based optimizer to achieve it. Its specific settings are as follows:

[0087] State space: includes the current estimated channel characteristics, such as path loss, multipath delay, signal angle of arrival / angle of departure, identified interference features (such as interference direction, strength), and key ship structure influences.

[0088] Action space: adjust the excitation amplitude and phase of all 256 antenna elements (i.e., beamforming parameter matrix).

[0089] Reward function: designed to improve the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of the target communication task, while possibly containing a penalty term for beam stability to avoid interference caused by beam gap vertigo adjustment due to ship sway.

[0090] The DRL agent learns through continuous interaction with a simulation environment or a real environment in actual operation. At each time step, the agent outputs a action, i.e., a beamforming parameter matrix, through its internal neural network according to the current state input. After the action is executed, the system calculates the corresponding reward value, and the agent updates its policy network according to the reward, thereby learning the optimal beamforming parameter generation strategy under different environmental conditions.

[0091] Output data (beamforming parameters): calculated by the optimizer, the specific beamforming complex matrix that maximizes the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio under the current channel conditions. The matrix is then issued to the distributed multi-antenna unit for execution.

[0092] In this embodiment, the signal parameter optimization layer uses the Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm to construct the optimizer. The reason for choosing the DDPG algorithm is that the beamforming parameters (excitation amplitude and phase of each antenna element) that need to be optimized by the invention are continuous high-dimensional variables, and the DDPG algorithm is designed to solve the reinforcement learning problem in such continuous action space.

[0093] The DDPG-based optimizer contains four core parts: actor network, critic network, state space vectorization module, and reward function.

[0094] State space vectorization module: to convert multi-source heterogeneous input information into a format that can be processed by the neural network, this module is responsible for integrating various types of information at the current time into a fixed-dimensional state vector. The specific process is as follows:

[0095] Channel characteristic information processing: the N×N channel correlation matrix output by the channel characteristic identification module is flattened to obtain a dimensional vector; and the mean and standard deviation of the channel delay spectrum are extracted to form a 2-dimensional vector, and the two are spliced.

[0096] Signal interference feature data processing: For the first M major interference sources (e.g. M = 3) identified, construct a feature vector for each interference source, containing [normalized interference power, azimuth angle of arrival, elevation angle of arrival]. Concatenate these M vectors; if there are less than M interference sources, pad with zero vectors.

[0097] Ship dynamics and structure data processing: Obtain real-time ship dynamics parameters, including pitch angle, roll angle, heave displacement, and additional path loss estimates on major reflection / diffraction paths calculated by the internal structure identification layer, and form a vector with these scalar values.

[0098] Vector integration: Concatenate all the processed vectors in the above order to form a fixed-dimension state vector, and normalize all elements in the vector (e.g. scale to [-1, 1] interval) as the final input to the neural network.

[0099] Actor network and critic network structure:

[0100] Actor network, responsible for directly outputting the optimal action (i.e. beamforming parameters) according to the current state vector.

[0101] Input layer: The dimension is the same as that of the state vector.

[0102] Hidden layer: Contains three fully connected hidden layers with neuron counts of 400, 300 and 200 respectively. The first two hidden layers use the rectified linear unit (ReLU) as the activation function to increase the nonlinearity of the network.

[0103] Output layer: The dimension is P x 2 (where P is the total number of antenna elements, e.g. 256). Each two consecutive values of the output vector correspond to the excitation amplitude and phase of an antenna element. The output layer uses the hyperbolic tangent function (Tanh) as the activation function to smoothly limit the output value within the range [-1, 1]. The output is then de-normalized to map to the actual amplitude and phase range supported by the hardware.

[0104] The critic network is responsible for evaluating the identified action output by the actor network under the state vector.

[0105] Input layer: The state vector and action vector are input simultaneously. Usually the action vector is input in the second hidden layer and merged with the state processing path.

[0106] Hidden layer: Similar structure to the actor network, containing two fully connected hidden layers with neuron counts of 400 and 300 respectively, and ReLU as the activation function.

[0107] Output layer: A single neuron outputs the evaluation value.

[0108] Reward function: To guide the DRL agent to learn the optimal policy, the reward function is designed to maximize the combination of communication quality and beam stability.

[0109] Communication quality reward, mainly used to encourage the algorithm to improve the signal quality as much as possible, measured by calculating the logarithmic value of the adjusted estimated "signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio". The higher the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio, the clearer the signal and the stronger the anti-interference ability, and the higher the score obtained by the algorithm.

[0110] Stability penalty, this part is used to suppress the dramatic and frequent changes of the beam to ensure the continuity of communication; it is realized by calculating the difference between the current beamforming parameters and the parameters of the last time. If the parameter changes greatly between two adjustments, it means that the beam direction or shape has changed dramatically, and the system will deduct a penalty score proportional to the change from the total score. Conversely, if the adjustment is smooth and the amplitude is small, the penalty score is also small.

[0111] The acquisition process of the beamforming parameters is shown in Figure 3 ; it is represented as a complex matrix, whose dimensions correspond to the total number of antenna elements participating in beamforming. Each complex number represents the excitation amplitude and phase of the corresponding antenna element.

[0112] The present application gives the internal hierarchical structure of the intelligent optimization algorithm, including the internal structure identification layer, the signal interference identification layer and the signal parameter optimization layer, and explains the main functions and input and output of each layer. Its effect is to provide a reconstructed and customized solution for the core calculation task of processing and fusing multiple complex information (ship structure, channel, dynamic environment) and finally generating beamforming parameters. This hierarchical processing helps to reduce the complexity of algorithm design and improve optimization efficiency and effectiveness. It is pointed out that the beamforming parameters are matrix data corresponding to the total number of antenna elements, and the control accuracy is clear.

[0113] Preferably, the process of controlling the distributed multi-antenna unit to adjust the excitation amplitude and phase of each antenna element comprises:

[0114] The central processing unit distributes the calculated beamforming parameters to the beamforming network in the corresponding distributed multi-antenna unit respectively;

[0115] The radio frequency front end of each antenna element performs corresponding amplitude weighting and phase translation on the carrier signal when transmitting the signal according to the received excitation amplitude and phase values, so that the signals radiated and / or received by each antenna element realize in-phase superposition in a specific direction in space, forming an adaptive beam with high directivity gain.

[0116] Adaptive beam, a directional antenna beam that can automatically adjust its direction and shape according to changes in antenna, interference and environment.

[0117] The central processing unit arranges the calculated beamforming parameter matrix and respectively sends it to the distributed multi-antenna units. The beamforming network of each distributed multi-antenna unit adjusts the excitation of its antenna elements according to the beamforming parameter matrix, so that the signals radiated from the 256 antenna elements are in phase in the direction of the target communication terminal (such as a remote base station or a nearby target communication terminal), forming a high-gain, narrow-beam, while possibly nulling in the direction of the known interference, thereby overcoming the ship body sway, internal structure mapping and external interference, and achieving optimized signal transmission.

[0118] The application describes in detail how the central processing unit sends the calculated beamforming parameters to the multiple antenna units, and how the radio frequency devices of the antenna units adjust the amplitude and phase of the signals according to these parameters, and finally form a high-directivity electromagnetic beam. The effect is to concretize the application process of the beamforming parameters, guide the physical and actual mechanism from calculation to actual beamforming, and ensure that theoretical calculation can be converted into actual electromagnetic beam adjustment, so as to achieve the purpose of optimized transmission.

[0119] The application also proposes a ship signal transmission system, the structure of which is shown in Figure 4 , comprising:

[0120] A ship structure identification module acquires internal structural feature information of the ship.

[0121] A channel characteristic identification module constructs a central processing unit and a distributed multi-antenna unit on the ship; the central processing unit sends a pilot signal to a target communication terminal through the distributed multi-antenna unit according to a communication request, and receives a feedback signal from the target communication terminal; the central processing unit analyzes the feedback signal to obtain channel characteristic information of a communication link between the distributed multi-antenna unit and the target communication terminal.

[0122] An intelligent algorithm optimization module calculates beamforming parameters according to the internal structural feature information of the ship, the channel characteristic information and the dynamic environmental parameters of the ship through an intelligent optimization algorithm.

[0123] A signal transmission optimization module sends the beamforming parameters to the distributed multi-antenna unit, controls the excitation amplitude and phase of each antenna unit of the distributed multi-antenna unit, forms an adaptive beam pointing to the target communication terminal, and realizes optimized signal transmission.

[0124] The application acquires internal structure characteristic information of a ship; a central processing unit and a distributed multi-antenna unit are constructed on the ship; the central processing unit sends a pilot signal to a target communication terminal through the distributed multi-antenna unit according to a communication request, and receives a feedback signal from the target communication terminal; the feedback signal is analyzed by the central processing unit to acquire channel characteristic information of a communication link between the distributed multi-antenna unit and the target communication terminal; beamforming parameters are calculated by an intelligent optimization algorithm according to the internal structure characteristic information of the ship, the channel characteristic information and dynamic environment parameters of the ship; the beamforming parameters are used to control the distributed multi-antenna unit to form an adaptive beam pointing to the target communication terminal, thereby realizing optimized transmission of signals.

[0125] Embodiment two:

[0126] The application provides a ship signal transmission method, which comprises the following steps:

[0127] Acquiring internal structure characteristic information of a ship;

[0128] Constructing a central processing unit and a distributed multi-antenna unit on the ship; the central processing unit sends a pilot signal to a target communication terminal through the distributed multi-antenna unit according to a communication request, and receives a feedback signal from the target communication terminal; the feedback signal is analyzed by the central processing unit to acquire channel characteristic information of a communication link between the distributed multi-antenna unit and the target communication terminal;

[0129] Beamforming parameters are calculated by an intelligent optimization algorithm according to the internal structure characteristic information of the ship, the channel characteristic information and dynamic environment parameters of the ship;

[0130] The beamforming parameters are sent to the distributed multi-antenna unit to control the distributed multi-antenna unit to adjust the excitation amplitude and phase of each antenna unit, thereby forming an adaptive beam pointing to the target communication terminal and realizing optimized transmission of signals.

[0131] The central processing unit is connected with a plurality of distributed multi-antenna units through a communication link;

[0132] The distributed multi-antenna unit is composed of at least two spatially separated antenna subarrays, each antenna subarray contains at least two antenna elements, and each antenna element can be independently controlled in terms of excitation amplitude and phase.

[0133] The application specifies the connection mode of the central processing unit and the plurality of antenna units and the specific composition of the multi-antenna unit, indicates that the plurality of antenna units is composed of a plurality of spatially separated antenna subarrays, and each antenna element can be independently controlled, thereby providing a hardware foundation and flexibility for realizing fine beamforming and spatial diversity, and enabling the system to more effectively utilize spatial resources and resist multipath effects and interconnection.

[0134] The pilot signal is a preset wideband signal; the feedback signal is generated by the target communication terminal according to the received pilot signal measurement result, and the feedback signal includes a received signal strength indication, a channel quality indication, a precoding matrix indication, a rank indication and an uplink channel sounding reference signal;

[0135] The feedback signal is decoded, and channel characteristic information is obtained by analyzing based on the pilot signal; the channel characteristic information includes path loss, shadow fading, Rician K factor, multipath delay spectrum, signal arrival angle, departure angle and channel correlation matrix.

[0136] The application defines the pilot signal type for channel sounding, the specific content of the target terminal feedback signal and the channel characteristic information obtained by analyzing these signals in detail. The intelligent optimization algorithm is provided with accurate and comprehensive channel state input, so that the beamforming decision can be based on the real channel conditions, thereby improving the channel matching degree and transmission efficiency.

[0137] The ship dynamic environment parameters include ship dynamic parameters, ship interference parameters and natural environment parameters;

[0138] The ship dynamic parameters include real-time position coordinates, speed, heading, pitch angle, roll angle, heave displacement and structure vibration frequency of the ship;

[0139] The ship interference parameters include a list of active electromagnetic wave emitting devices on the ship and their working states, real-time positions and attitudes of large metal structural parts of the ship body;

[0140] The natural environment parameters include sea wave level, wind speed and direction, rainfall intensity, atmospheric wave propagation condition index and prediction data of the influence of solar sunspot activity on the ionosphere at the position of the ship.

[0141] The application specifically lists the specific content of the ship dynamic environment parameters, which are divided into ship dynamic parameters, ship interference parameters and natural environment parameters. The intelligent optimization algorithm can consider almost all key dynamic and environmental factors that affect communication of the ship, so that the beamforming not only adapts to wireless, but also actively adapts to ship movement, avoids interference and compensates for the influence of natural environment, thereby realizing more effective communication.

[0142] The intelligent optimization algorithm includes an internal structure identification layer, a signal interference identification layer and a signal parameter optimization layer;

[0143] The internal structure identification layer identifies the internal structure characteristic information of the ship, and obtains ship structure data between the central processing unit, the distributed multi-antenna unit and the target communication terminal;

[0144] The signal interference identification layer identifies signal interference characteristic data through ship dynamic parameters, ship interference parameters, natural environment parameters and ship structure data.

[0145] The signal parameter optimization layer performs optimization calculation based on the channel characteristic information and the signal interference characteristic data to obtain beamforming parameters.

[0146] The present application provides an internal hierarchical structure of intelligent optimization algorithm, including an internal structure identification layer, a signal interference identification layer and a signal parameter optimization layer, and explains the main functions and input and output of each layer.

[0147] The process of the control distributed multi-antenna unit adjusting the excitation amplitude and phase of each antenna unit includes:

[0148] The central processing unit distributes the calculated beamforming parameters to the beamforming network in the corresponding distributed multi-antenna unit respectively.

[0149] The radio frequency front end of each antenna unit performs corresponding amplitude weighting and phase translation on the carrier signal when transmitting the signal according to the received excitation amplitude and phase values, so that the signals radiated and / or received by each antenna unit realize in-phase superposition in a specific direction in space, forming an adaptive beam with high directivity gain.

[0150] The present application describes in detail how the central processing unit distributes the calculated beamforming parameters to multiple antenna units, and how the radio device of the antenna unit adjusts the amplitude and phase of the signal according to these parameters to finally form an electromagnetic beam with high directivity gain.

[0151] The present application obtains ship internal structure characteristic information, constructs a central processing unit and a distributed multi-antenna unit, and uses an intelligent optimization algorithm to calculate beamforming parameters according to ship structure, channel characteristics and dynamic environment parameters, and finally controls the antenna to form an adaptive beam to optimize signal transmission.

[0152] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely exemplary of the principles and application of the present application. Numerous modifications and adaptions can be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, which is not limited to the exact construction and arrangement described. It is intended, therefore, to cover all modifications and adaptions that fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of transmitting a signal from a vessel, characterized in that, The method comprises: obtaining internal structural feature information of the ship; constructing a central processing unit and a distributed multi-antenna unit on the ship; the central processing unit sends a pilot signal to a target communication terminal through the distributed multi-antenna unit according to a communication request, and receives a feedback signal from the target communication terminal; the central processing unit analyzes the feedback signal to obtain channel characteristic information of a communication link between the distributed multi-antenna unit and the target communication terminal; the channel characteristic information includes path loss, shadow fading, Rice K factor, multipath delay spectrum, signal arrival angle, departure angle, and channel correlation matrix; a beamforming parameter is calculated by an intelligent optimization algorithm according to the internal structural feature information of the ship, the channel characteristic information, and dynamic environmental parameters of the ship; the intelligent optimization algorithm comprises an internal structure identification layer, a signal interference identification layer, and a signal parameter optimization layer; the internal structure identification layer identifies the internal structural feature information of the ship to obtain ship structure data between the central processing unit, the distributed multi-antenna unit, and the target communication terminal; the signal interference identification layer identifies signal interference characteristic data based on dynamic parameters of the ship, interference parameters of the ship, natural environmental parameters, and the ship structure data; the interference parameters of the ship include a list and working status of active electromagnetic wave emitting devices on the ship, real-time positions and postures of large metal structural components of the ship body; the signal parameter optimization layer performs optimization calculation based on the channel characteristic information and the signal interference characteristic data to obtain the beamforming parameter; the beamforming parameter is matrix data, and the dimension of the matrix data corresponds to the total number of antenna elements of the distributed multi-antenna unit participating in beamforming; the signal parameter optimization layer comprises a reward function, the reward function is designed to improve a signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio of a target communication task, and simultaneously contains a penalty term for beam stability to avoid interference caused by beam gap vertigo adjustment due to ship sway; the beamforming parameter is sent to the distributed multi-antenna unit to control the distributed multi-antenna unit to adjust the excitation amplitude and phase of each antenna unit of the distributed multi-antenna unit, form an adaptive beam pointing to the target communication terminal, and realize optimized transmission of a signal.

2. The ship signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein: the central processing unit is connected with a plurality of distributed multi-antenna units through a communication link; each distributed multi-antenna unit is composed of at least two spatially separated antenna subarrays, and each antenna subarray comprises at least two antenna elements, and each antenna element can independently control the excitation amplitude and phase thereof.

3. The ship signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein: the pilot signal is a preset wideband signal; the feedback signal is generated by the target communication terminal according to the measurement result of the received pilot signal, and the feedback signal comprises a received signal strength indication, a channel quality indication, a precoding matrix indication, a rank indication, and an uplink channel sounding reference signal; the feedback signal is decoded, and the channel characteristic information is obtained based on the pilot signal.

4. The ship signal transmission method according to claim 1, wherein: The ship dynamic environment parameters include ship dynamic parameters, ship interference parameters and natural environment parameters. The ship dynamic parameters include real-time position coordinates, speed, heading, pitch angle, roll angle, heave displacement and structural vibration frequency of the ship. The natural environment parameters include sea wave level, wind speed and direction, rainfall intensity, atmospheric wave propagation condition index and prediction data of the influence of solar sunspot activity on the ionosphere at the location of the ship.

5. The ship signal transmission method of claim 1, wherein: The process of controlling the distributed multi-antenna unit to adjust the excitation amplitude and phase of each antenna unit includes: The central processing unit sends the calculated beamforming parameters to the beamforming network in the corresponding distributed multi-antenna unit; The radio frequency front end of each antenna unit performs corresponding amplitude weighting and phase translation on the carrier signal when transmitting the signal according to the received excitation amplitude and phase values, so that the signals radiated and / or received by each antenna unit are in phase in the spatial direction, forming an adaptive beam.

6. A ship signal transmission system characterized by, A ship signal transmission method according to claim 1, comprising: A ship structure identification module that obtains internal structural feature information of the ship; A channel characteristic identification module that constructs a central processing unit and a distributed multi-antenna unit on the ship; the central processing unit sends a pilot signal to a target communication terminal through the distributed multi-antenna unit according to a communication request, and receives a feedback signal from the target communication terminal; the central processing unit analyzes the feedback signal to obtain channel characteristic information of the communication link between the distributed multi-antenna unit and the target communication terminal; An intelligent algorithm optimization module that uses an intelligent optimization algorithm to calculate beamforming parameters based on the internal structural feature information of the ship, the channel characteristic information and the ship dynamic environment parameters; A signal transmission optimization module that sends the beamforming parameters to the distributed multi-antenna unit to control the distributed multi-antenna unit to adjust the excitation amplitude and phase of each antenna unit, forming an adaptive beam pointing to the target communication terminal and achieving optimized signal transmission.

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